Do geographical names ending in o. On the declension of the names of some settlements

Names and titles

How to decline geographical names?

In the city of Moscow or in the city of Moscow? Names combined with a generic word

Geographical name used with generic names town, village, hamlet, hamlet, river etc., acting as an appendix, agrees with the word being defined, that is, it declines if the toponym is of Russian, Slavic origin or is a long-borrowed and adopted name.

Right: in the city of Moscow, in the city of St. Petersburg, from the city of Kyiv; to the village of Ivanovka, from the village of Olkhovka, in the village of Shushenskoye, near the Mikhailovsky farmstead;near the Volga River, valley of the Sukhoi stream.

Both parts of the name decline Moskva River: Moskva River, on the Moskva River etc. In colloquial speech there are cases of indeclinability of the first part: beyond the Moscow River, on the Moscow River etc. But such use does not correspond to strict literary norms.

Geographical names in combination with a generic word are usually not declined in the following cases:

when the external form of the name corresponds to the plural form. numbers: in the city of Velikiye Luki, in the city of Mytishchi;

when the gender of the generalizing common noun and the toponym do not coincide: on the Yenisei River, near the Khoper River, in the village of Parfenok(however, this remark does not apply to combinations with the word city, so it's correct: in the city of Tula, from Moscow; about the appropriateness of using the word itself here city see below).

In addition, there is a tendency towards indeclinability in applications-place names of the neuter gender ending in -e, -o: between the villages of Molodechno and Dorozhno, in the city of Vidnoye(this name is not declined, because when declined it will be difficult to restore the original form: in the city of Vidnoye - This Vidny city or Vidnoye city?).

The “Dictionary of Geographical Names” by A.V. Superanskaya (M., 2013) states that toponyms are usually not declined in combination with the following geographical terms: swamp, bay, mountains, state, valley, bay, outpost, land village, key, well, kingdom, town, deposit, cape, region, lake, district, island, pass, plateau, plateau, dam, area, peninsula, village, province, strait, fishery, district(as an administrative-territorial unit), village, station, tract, ridge, state. The exception is when the name is expressed by an adjective: on Lake Ritsa, But: on Lake Onega, in the Bay of Kotor, But: in Sydney Harbour.

In the city of Stary Oskol or in the city of Stary Oskol? Compound names in combination with a generic word

Is it necessary to decline the compound names of cities and other settlements in combination with a generic word? Reference manuals answer this question in different ways. Everywhere it is indicated that such names are not declined if their external form corresponds to the plural form: in the city of Velikie Luki, from the city of Mineralnye Vody(see above). What if it corresponds to the singular form? Stary Oskol, Vyshny Volochek, Nizhny Novgorod, Krivoy Rog...

In the “Handbook of Spelling and Literary Editing” by D. E. Rosenthal, in the manual by Yu. A. Belchikov “Practical Stylistics of the Modern Russian Language”, as well as in the “Dictionary of Geographical Names” by A. V. Superanskaya it is indicated that such names are not declined in combination with a generic word: in the city of Stary Crimea, from the city of Veliky Ustyug, in the city of Stary Oskol, above the city of Lodeynoye Pole. At the same time, the “Dictionary of grammatical variants of the Russian language” by L.K. Graudina, V.A. Itskovich, L.P. Katlinskaya indicates that in toponyms expressed by combinations of words, parts of the name should be declined: in the city of Vyshny Volochyok, however, in colloquial and professional speech, an indeclinable version has spread and taken root: near the city of Vyshny Volochek, in the settlement of Dolgiy Most.

In Moscow or in the city of Moscow?

In the “Directory of the Publisher and Author” by A.E. Milchin and L.K. Cheltsova it is stated that “abbreviation G.(city), like the full word, is recommended to be used sparingly, mainly before the names of cities derived from surnames ( Kirov)».

Thus, it is commonly used: in Moscow. Options in Moscow, in the city of Moscow should be characterized as specifically clerical (i.e., used primarily in official business speech). Options in Moscow, in the city of Moscow do not correspond to the literary norm.

In Peredelkino or in Peredelkino?

Toponyms of Slavic origin ending in -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yno, do not decline in combination with a generic word: from the Lyublino district, towards the Strogino district, towards the Mitino district, in the city of Ivanovo, from the village of Prostokvashino, to the edge of Kosovo. If there is no generic word, then both options are possible, inflected and indeclinable: in Lublin And in Lyublino, towards Strogin And towards Strogino, in Ivanovo And to Ivanovo, from Prostokvashino And from Prostokvashino to Kosovo And to Kosovo, to Mitin And to Mitino, 8th microdistrict of Mitino and 8th microdistrict of Mitino. In this case, the inflected version corresponds to strict literary norms. The dictionary of L.K. Graudina, V.A. Itskovich, L.P. Katlinskaya “Grammatical correctness of Russian speech” indicates: “In an exemplary literary style (from the stage, from the television screen, in radio speech) these forms should be declined.”

Read more about titles at -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yno see in the section “Elemental truths”.

Pushkin or Pushkin?

Geographical names on -s (-ev), -ovo (-evo), -in, -ino (-yno) have an ending in the instrumental case -ohm, For example: Lvov - Lvov, Kanev - Kanev, Kryukovo - Kryukov, Kamyshin - Kamyshin, Maryino - Maryin, Golitsyno - Golitsyn.

Unlike the names of cities, Russian surnames are -in (-yn) and on -s (-ev) have the ending in the instrumental case -th, cf.: Pushkin(surname) - Pushkin And Pushkin(city) - Pushkin; Alexandrov(surname) - Alexandrov And Alexandrov(city) - Alexandrov.

In Kamen-Kashirskoye or in Kamen-Kashirskoye?

If a compound toponym is a Russian or long-acquired name, in indirect case forms its first part should be declined: from Kamnya-Kashirsky, in Pereslavl-Zalessky, in Mogilev-Podolsky, in Rostov-on-Don.

All place names in which the first part of the name has a morphological feature of the neuter gender are covered by a tendency towards immutability: from Likino-Duleva, to Sobolevo-on-Kamchatka.

How to decline foreign-language geographical names?

Names ending with -A

many borrowed geographical names mastered by the Russian language are declined according to the type of noun. wives sort of on -A, For example: Bukhara - in Bukhara, Ankara - to Ankara;

Toponyms of French origin ending in -A in the source language: Gras, Spa, Le Dora, Jura etc. However, names to which the ending was added in Russian -A, inclined: Toulouse, Geneva, Lausanne - in Toulouse, Geneva, Lausanne(cf.: Toulouse, Genève, Lausanne);

Japanese place names ending in are declined -A unstressed: Osaka - in Osaka, Fukushima - from Fukushima;

Estonian and Finnish names are not declined: from Jyväskylä, Saaremaa;

Abkhazian and Georgian toponyms ending in unstressed experience fluctuations in declination -A. However, many of these names tend to be: Ochamchira - in Ochamchira, Gudauta - to Gudauta, Pitsunda - from Pitsunda;

complex geographical names do not tend to - A unstressed, borrowed from Spanish and other Romance languages: to Bahia Blanca, to Bahia Laypa, from Jerez de la Frontera, to Santiago de Cuba, from Pola de Lena, from Santiago de Compostela;

complex Slavic names that are nouns in the presence of word-formation features of adjectives are declined, for example: Biała Podlaska – from Biała Podlaska, Banska Bystrica – to Banska Bystrica.

Names ending with -O And -e

Such names are not declined in the Russian literary language: in Oslo, Tokyo, Bordeaux, Mexico City, Santiago, Calais, Grodno, Vilna, Kovno.

Names ending with -and, -s

Toponyms have a greater tendency towards inclination -s: in Katowice, Thebes, Tatras, Cannes, Cheboksary.

Usually names are not inclined to -And: from Chile, Tbilisi, Nagasaki.

Names ending in a consonant

Foreign names ending in a consonant are usually not declined in application function: in the city of Louisville, in the city of Maubeuge, in the city of Niamet, in the province of Zyadin, near the city of Manston. (The exception is names long ago borrowed and adopted by the Russian language: in the city of Washington.)

If such names are not used in the application function, they tend to be: in the city of Mantasas, But 70 kilometers from Mantasas, near the town of Manston, But near Manston.

Latin American names depart from this group by - OS: to Fuentos.

Complex names of type are not declined Pere Lachaise, Mine Mill, Puerto Montt.

Compound names with the second part do not decline -street, -square, -park, -palace: Alvin Street, Union Square, Friedrich Stadt Palace, Enmore Park.

In Frankfurt am Main or in Frankfurt am Main?

The first part of complex foreign language toponyms, as a rule, is not declined: in Almaty, near Buenos Aires, from Yoshkar-Ola. The exception is the first part in the construction “place name on the river”: in Frankfurt am Main, to Schwedt an der Oder, from Stratford upon Avon.

If any foreign language compound name is used in an application function with common nouns like city, town, capital, port and so on, it is left unchanged in the second part: in the city of Santa Cruz, in the Bolivian capital La Paz(the exception is long-borrowed names mastered in Russian: in New York City).

QUESTION TO THE INFORMATION BUREAU

What to do with the combination municipal formation of the urban district of Usinsk?

I have the following question. Our municipality is officially called Municipal entity of the urban district "Usinsk". However, I have doubts about the correctness of using the phrase in this case urban district in the genitive case. In my opinion, according to the rules of the Russian language, the correct name should be used in the nominative case: Municipal formation urban district "Usinsk".

There is also a question about the placement of quotation marks: they should come before and after the word Usinsk or the expression must be quoted "Usinsk Urban District"?

Russian help desk response

Combinations municipality And urban district must be consistent in case (in other words, used in the same case), since urban district from a syntax point of view, it is an application. Wed: oriole bird.

As for quotation marks and other characters. The following design options are possible here:

municipal formation - Usinsk urban district;

municipal formation "Usinsk City District".

Moreover, when using quotation marks, the part of the name enclosed in them will not be declined: Administration of the municipal formation "City District of Usinsk".

Sources:

Ageenko F. L. Dictionary of proper names of the Russian language. M., 2010.

Graudina L.K., Itskovich V.A., Katlinskaya L.P. Dictionary of grammatical variants of the Russian language. 3rd ed., erased. M., 2008.

Milchin A. E., Cheltsova L. K. Directory of publisher and author. M., 2003.

Rosenthal D. E. Handbook of spelling and literary editing. M., 2003.

Russian grammar / Ch. ed. N. Yu. Shvedova. In 2 vols. M., 1980.

Superanskaya A.V. Dictionary of geographical names. M., 2013.

In the city of Moscow or in the city of Moscow? Names in combination with a generic word A geographical name used with generic names city, village, hamlet, hamlet, river, etc., acting as an application, is consistent with the word being defined, that is, it is inclined if the toponym is of Russian, Slavic origin or represents a long time ago borrowed and adopted name.

That's right: in the city of Moscow, in the city of St. Petersburg, from the city of Kyiv; to the village of Ivanovka, from the village of Olkhovka, in the village of Shushenskoye, near the Mikhailovsky farmstead; near the Volga River, valley of the Sukhoi stream. Both parts in the name Moskva River are declined: Moskva River, on the Moscow River, etc. In colloquial speech, there are cases of indeclinability of the first part: beyond the Moscow River, on the Moscow River, etc. But this use does not correspond literary norm.

Geographical names in combination with a generic word are usually not declined in the following cases: 1. when the external form of the name corresponds to the plural form. dates: in the city of Velikiye Luki, in the city of Mytishchi; 2. when the gender of the generalizing common noun and toponym do not coincide: on the Yenisei River, near the Khoper River, in the village of Parfenok (however, this remark does not apply to combinations with the word city, therefore it is correct: in the city of Tula, from the city of Moscow; about the appropriateness of use here the word city itself, see below).

In addition, there is a tendency towards indeclinability of neuter place name applications ending in -e, -o: between the villages of Molodechno and Dorozhno, not far from the village of Mironezhye, in the city of Vidnoye. In Moscow or in the city of Moscow? The abbreviation g. (city), like the full word, is recommended to be used sparingly, mainly before the names of cities derived from surnames (city of Kirov)." Thus, commonly used: in Moscow. Options in Moscow, in the city of Moscow, should be characterized as specifically clerical (i.e., used primarily in official business speech).

In Peredelkino or in Peredelkino? Toponyms of Slavic origin ending in -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yno are not declined in combination with a generic word: from the Lyublino region, towards the Strogino region, to the Mitino region, in the city of Ivanovo, from the village of Prostokvashino, to the edge of Kosovo . If there is no generic word, then both options are possible, inflected and indeclinable: in Lublin and in Lyublino, towards Strogin and towards Strogino, in Ivanovo and in Ivanovo, from Prostokvashino and from Prostokvashino, to Kosovo and to Kosovo, to Mitin and to Mitino, 8th microdistrict of Mitino and 8th microdistrict of Mitino.

Pushkin or Pushkin? Geographical names in -ov (-ev), -ovo (-evo), -ino (-yno) have the ending -om in the instrumental case, for example: Lvov - Lvovom, Kanev - Kanev, Kryukovo - Kryukov, Kamyshin - Kamyshin, Maryino - Maryin, Golitsino - Golitsyn. Unlike the names of cities, Russian surnames with -in (-yn) and -ov (-ev) have the ending -ym in the instrumental case, cf. : Pushkin (surname) - Pushkin and Pushkin (city) - Pushkin; Alexandrov (surname) - Alexandrov and Alexandrov (city) - Alexandrov.

In Kamen-Kashirskoye or in Kamen-Kashirskoye? If a compound toponym is a Russian or long-acquired name, in indirect case forms its first part should be declined: from Kamen-Kashirsky, in Pereslavl-Zalessky, in Mogilev-Podolsky, in Rostov-on-Don, Kamensk-Shakhtinsky. The same in combination with a generic term: in the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, in the city of Rostov-on-Don. All place names in which the first part of the name has a morphological feature of the neuter gender are covered by a tendency towards immutability: from Likino-Duleva, in Sobolevo-on-Kamchatka.

Names ending in - and many borrowed geographical names mastered by the Russian language are declined according to the type of noun. wives gender in -a, for example: Bukhara - in Bukhara, Ankara - to Ankara; Toponyms of French origin that end in -a in the source language do not decline: Gras, Spa, Le Dora, Jura, etc. However, names to which the ending -a was added in Russian do decline: Toulouse, Geneva, Lausanne - in Toulouse, Geneva, Lausanne (cf.: Toulouse, Genève, Lausanne);

Japanese place names ending in unstressed -a are declined: Osaka - in Osaka, Fukushima - from Fukushima; Estonian and Finnish names are not inclined: from Jyväskylä, to Saaremaa; Abkhazian and Georgian toponyms ending in unstressed -a experience fluctuations in declination. Nevertheless, many of these names are inclined: Ochamchira - in Ochamchira, Gudauta - before Gudauta, Pitsunda - from Pitsunda;

complex geographical names are not inclined to - but unstressed, borrowed from Spanish and other Romance languages: in Bahia Blanca, in Bahia Laypa, from Jerez de la Frontera, in Santiago de Cuba, from Pola de Lena , from Santiago de Compostela; complex Slavic names that are nouns in the presence of word-formation features of adjectives are declined, for example: Biała Podlaska - from Biała Podlaska, Banska Bystrica - to Banska Bystrica

Names ending in -о and -е Such names are not declined in the Russian literary language: in Oslo, Tokyo, Bordeaux, Mexico City, Santiago, Calais, Grodno, Vilno, Kovno. Place names ending in -i, -y Place names ending in -y have a greater tendency to inclination: in Katowice, Thebes, Tatras, Cannes, Cheboksary. Usually names are not inclined to -i: from Chile, Tbilisi, Nagasaki.

Names ending in a consonant Foreign names ending in a consonant are usually not declined in the application function: in the city of Louisville, in the city of Maubeuge, in the city of Niamet, in the province of Ziadin, near the city of Manston. (The exception is names that have long been borrowed and mastered by the Russian language: in the city of Washington.) If such names are not used in the application function, they tend to be inclined: in the city of Mantasas, but 70 kilometers from Mantasas, near the city of Manston, but near Manston.

The Latin American names on - os: in Fuentos depart from this group. Complex names like Père Lachaise, Mine Mill, Puerto Montt are not inclined. Compound names with the second part - street, - square, - park, - palace are not inclined: along Alvin Street, in Union Square, in the Friedrich Stadt Palace hall, in Enmore Park.

In Frankfurt am Main or in Frankfurt am Main? The first part of complex foreign-language place names, as a rule, is not declined: in Alma-Ata, near Buenos Aires, from Yoshkar-Ola. The exception is the first part in the construction “place name on the river”: in Frankfurt am Main, to Schwedt an der Oder, from Stratford upon Avon.

Toponyms are divided according to inflection into four groups of combinations: Combinations with a toponym in an indeclinable form: Republic of Haiti, Republic of Guinea-Bissau, Republic of Peru, etc. They, accordingly, do not change at all by case. Combinations with a toponym ending in -th and a consonant, as a rule, are not declined: Principality of Liechtenstein, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. The same rule applies to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation: the Republic of Altai, the Republic of Dagestan, the Republic of Tatarstan, etc.

Combinations with masculine and feminine place names ending in -a or without an ending are not declined in official documents and strict business speech: in the Republic of Angola, with the Republic of Cuba, Ambassador of the Republic of Poland, in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), with the Republic of Lebanon, agreement with the Republic of Belarus, etc. Combinations with geographical names in -ia. Authors of the reference book “Grammatical Correctness of Russian Speech. Stylistic dictionary of variants” Graudina L.K., Itskovich V.A., Katlinskaya L.P. note that “all Slavic and especially Russian toponyms-applications of this group in indirect case forms are declined”: delegation of the Republic of Bulgaria, government of the Federal Republic Yugoslavia, administration of the Republic of Slovenia, etc.

The names of foreign republics in -iya, -eya usually agree with the word republic if they have a feminine form (D. E. Rosenthal, E. V. Dzhandzhakova, N. P. Kabanova. Handbook of spelling, pronunciation, literary editing): trade and relations of the Russian Federation with the Republic of India, the Republic of Switzerland, the government of the Republic of Bolivia, the Republic of Korea, the Republic of Adygea, etc.

Meanwhile, the indeclinability of such toponyms in indirect cases is also recorded in official documents: Ambassador of the Republic of Kenya, Plenipotentiary Representative of the Republic of Colombia, visit to the Republic of India, in the Republic of Korea, on the territory of the Republic of Khakassia, with the Republic of Adygea, etc. In newspaper and colloquial speech in In indirect case forms, these toponyms are usually declined.

In the original form, for the names of both foreign republics and CIS countries and constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the nominative case form is most often used: Republic of Albania, Republic of Zambia, Republic of Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Federal Republic of Germany, Kingdom of Belgium, Kingdom of Denmark, Kingdom of Spain, Kingdom Norway, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Adygea, the Republic of Kalmykia, the Republic of Karelia, etc. The exception is one official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

1. Geographical names

1.1. If the geographical name is not declined, then it is marked several. In other cases, for each toponym a gender form is given. pad. It is given in full:

1) with monosyllabic names: Belz, Bel lza; Gzhel, Gzheli;

2) in non-word names, which are ordinary phrases: Stary Oskol, Stary Oskol;

3) in compound words written with a hyphen: Baba -Durma z, Baba -Durma for; Ba den - Ba den, Ba den - Ba den [de].

In other cases, the form gen. pad. is given in truncated form: Badhy z, -a; Babad g, -a; Bavleny, -en; Badajo s, -a.

1.2. For some toponyms, forms of other cases are also given: for geographical names in - evo, -ovo, -foreign, -yno forms of genus, creative are given. and sentence pad., since in speech practice, in the press, in television and radio broadcasts, these names are sometimes not declined, which contradicts the traditional norm of the Russian literary language, for example: Bagerovo, -a, -om, in Bagerovo (urban town, Ukraine) ; Ko sovo, -a, -om, in Ko sovo (Rep. Serbia); Gabrovo, -a, -om, in Gabrovo (city, Bulgaria).

1.3. East Slavic names ending - O with a preceding consonant, do not decline: Dubno, several. (city, Ukraine); No, several. (city, Ukraine); Gross bottom, several. (city, Belarus).

1.4. In geographical names on - ev, -yev, -ov, -in the forms of the genitive and instrumental are given: Belev, -a, -om (city, Tula region, Russian Federation); Bobro in, -a, -om (city, Voronezh region, Russian Federation); Bardejov, -a, -om (city, Slovakia); Babi n, -a, -om (lake, Canada).

1.5. Foreign place names ending in a vowel - A, experience significant fluctuations in inclination:

many borrowed geographical names mastered by the Russian language are declined according to the type of noun. wives kind of on - A stressed, for example: Bukhara, -ы; Bugulma, -s; Ankara, -s;

Toponyms of French origin with final stress are not declined: Yura, several. (mountains - France; Switzerland);

Japanese place names ending in - are declined A unstressed: O saka, -i; Yoko bitch, -i [yo];

Estonian and Finnish names ending in - are not declined A, -I unstressed: Sa vonlinna, several. (city, Finland); Yu väskylä, several. (city, Finland); Sa aremaa, several. (island, Estonia);

Abkhazian and Georgian toponyms ending in unstressed - experience fluctuations in declination - A. The Dictionary lists the names in the inflected version: Шxa pa, -ы (g. - on the border of Georgia and Kabardino-Balkaria, Russian Federation); Ochamchi ra, -y (city, Republic of Abkhazia); Gudau ta, -y (city, Republic of Abkhazia);

complex geographical names do not tend to - A unstressed, borrowed from Spanish and other Romance languages: Bai ya Blanca, several. (city, Argentina); Bai ya-La ypa, several. (city, Argentina); Here s-de-la-Fronte ra [re, de, te], several. (city, Spain);

complex Slavic names are declined as nouns, which are nouns in the presence of word-formation features of adjectives, for example: Bya la-Podlya ska, Bya la-Podlya ski (city, Poland); Banská Bistrica, Banská Bistrica (city, Slovakia); Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora (city, Poland);

both parts in names with the word river are inflected, for example: Moscow -river, Moskva -river, on the Moscow river, etc. But in colloquial speech there are cases of indeclinability of the first part of these combinations: beyond the Moscow river, on the Moscow river, etc. d. However, such use does not correspond to the norm of literary language.

1.6. Place names ending in vowels - And, -s and not perceived in Russian as plural forms. numbers are given in indeclinable form, for example: Burley, several. (village, Kazakhstan); Karshi, several. (village, Turkmenistan); Ismayilli, several., (city, Azerbaijan); Mary, several. (city, Turkmenistan); Dzhusaly, several. (town, Kazakhstan).

1.7. For monosyllabic names ending in a soft consonant, the forms gen., date are given. and sentence fallen., since they experience fluctuations when declination: Rus', Rus', to Rus', in Rus'; Ob, Ob, to Ob, on Ob; Perm, Perm, to Perm, about Perm; Kerch, Kerch, to Kerch, in Kerch. In the latter case, the stress is fixed on the base.

1.8. For names ending in consonants - and, -ts, -w, gender forms are indicated. and creativity fallen., since in creation. pad. under stress it is written - O, and without accent - e, for example: Fateh, -a, -em (city, Kursk region, Russian Federation); Kirzha h, -a, -o m (city, Vladimir region, Russian Federation).

1.9. Some foreign names like Se nt-Ka tarins [se] are not inclined several., (city, Canada); Pe r - Lashe z [pe], several. (cemetery in Paris); Pla ya-Hiro n (Pla ya-Hiro n), several. (village, Cuba).

1.10. Some foreign language names from the area of ​​urban nomenclature are given in indeclinable form with the second part - straight, -square: Wall Street, several.; Washington Square, several. etc.

O, -e, -And, -at, -Yu, are presented in the Dictionary in an indeclinable form, for example: SHI LO Nikolai, Shi lo Nikola ya (Russian geologist); CRAFT Vasily, Craft Vasily (Russian breeder); DURNOVO Ivana, Durnovo Ivana (Russian statesman); VA JKULE Laima, Va ikule Laima (Latvian pop singer); VESKI And anne, several. (Estonian pop singer); BASILASHVI LI Ole g, Basilashvi li Olega (Russian actor); ILIE SKU Ion, Ilie sku Io na (Romanian statesman); BENTO Yu Pasca l, Bento Yu Pasca la (Romanian composer).

3. Male and female surnames and personal names ending in -a, -ya, -iya, -aya, -oh

Male and female surnames and personal names ending in - A, -I, -and I, -and I, -oh, as a rule, are inclined. But there are also cases of their indeclension, which is due to the place of stress in the word and the tradition of their use in the Russian language:

3.1. Male and female surnames and personal names ending in - A, -I non-accented ones, as a rule, are inclined; for example: TO MA Svetlana, TO WE Svetlana (Russian actress), DO GA Evgeniy, DO GI Evgenia (Moldova composer).

3.2. Japanese first and last names ending in - A unstressed, recently in print, in television and radio broadcasts, and in literature, they are regularly inclined. The Dictionary gives: KUROSA WA Akira, Kurosa you Akira (Japanese director); HATOYA MA Ichi ro, Hatoya we Ichi ro (Japanese statesman).

3.3. Georgian names and surnames of the indicated type experience fluctuations during declension, but in accordance with the norm of the Russian literary language they should be declined, for example: OKUDZHA VA Bula t, Okudzha you Bula ta; HORA VA Aka kiya, Hora you Aka kiya; VA ZHA Pshavela, VAZHA Pshavely. But the name of the Georgian poet ending in - A stressed, Shota Rustavi is not traditionally declined in Russian.

3.4. Finnish given names and surnames ending in - A unstressed, mostly not inflected, for example: KE KKONEN U rho Kaleva, Ke kkonena U rho Kaleva, PE KKALA Ma yno, several.

3.5. First and last names ending in - A with the previous one - And, do not decline, for example: GAMSAKHU RDIA Konstantin, Gamsahu RDIA Konstantin (Georgian writer).

3.6. Slavic surnames ending in - A stressed, incline: Skovoroda Gregory, Skovoroda Gregory (Ukrainian philosopher); POTEBNYA Aleksandra, Potebnya Aleksandra (Ukrainian and Russian philologist-Slavist).

3.7. French surnames and personal names ending in - A percussion, do not bow: TALMA Francois, several. (French actor); THOMA Ambrois z, Thomas Ambrois (French composer); GAMARRA Pierre, Gamarra Pierre (French writer); DUMA Alexandra, Dumas Alexandra (French writer).

3.8. Some African surnames start with - A shock experience fluctuations in declination: BABANGIDA Ibragi m, Babangida Ibragi ma (states figure of Nigeria); YAMARA Semoko [se], several. (general figure of Chad).

3.9. Women's personal names and surnames ending - and I Declined according to the model of the declension of personal names such as Ra ya, Ta ya, Agla ya. The Dictionary gives the forms of gender, date. and sentence pad., for example: GULA I I nna, Gula i Inn, to Gula e I nna, about Gula e I nna (Russian actress); SANA I Marina, Sana and Marina, to Sana e Mari not, about Sana e Mari not (Russian figure skater).

3.10. Male surnames ending - oh decline according to the type of declension of noun. “needles”, for example: PIKHO I Rudolf, Piho and Rudolf, to Piho e Rudolf, about Piho e Rudolf (Russian statesman).

3.11. Georgian surnames ending in - and I, are declined according to the model of the name Mari I (Mari I, gen., dat., prel. AndAnd), although in speech practice, on TV and radio, and in print, surnames of this type are sometimes not declined, which does not correspond to the norm of the Russian literary language. Correct: DANELIA Georgy, Daneliya Georgy, to Daneliya Georgy, about Daneliya Georgy [ne] (Russian film director); ALEXA NDRIA Na na, Alexandria Na us, to Alexandria Na not, about Alexandria Na not (Georgian chess player); CHKO NIYA Lamara, Chko niy Lama ry, to Chko niy Lama, about Chko niy Lama (Georgian actress).

3.12. Personal names I ya, Li ya, Vi ya, Ti ya, Gi ya (masculine Georgian name) are given gender and date forms. and sentence pad. with ending - II: And I, And and, to And and, about And and. There is a second way of inflecting these names: And I, And and, to I e, about I e. The dictionary gives preference to the first, i.e.: And I, And and, to And and, about And and.

3.13. For personal names and surnames of eastern origin such as Aliya, Alfiya, Zulfiya, gender and date forms are given. and sentence pad.: Zulfiya, -ii; to Zulfiya, about Zulfiya.

4. Male and female surnames and personal names ending with a consonant (including th)

4.1. Male surnames and personal names ending in a consonant (hard or soft) are declined: DAL Vladi mir, Da la Vladi mir; BRECHT Berto lta, Brechta Berto lta [re].

4.2. Male and female surnames ending in - their, -s, do not bow: RAVENSKIKH Nikolai, Ravenskikh Nikolai (Russian director); CHEREMNY X Mikhai l, Cheremny X Mikhai la (Russian artist); Cheremny x, several. (feminine form).

4.3. To male names and surnames ending in hissing and - ts, the forms of the genus are given. and creativity pad. Under the stress of creation. pad. is written - O, and without accent - e, for example: Liszt Ferenc, Liszt Ferenc, Liszt Ferenc (Hungarian composer, pianist, conductor); BA RENZ Willem, Barents Willem, Barents Willem (Dutch navigator); BILA SH Aleksandra, Bilasha Aleksandra, Bilasho m Aleksandr (Russian composer); BA LAZH (Balash) Bela, Balazha (Balasha) Bely, Balazhem (Balash) White (Hungarian writer). However, there are exceptions, for example: TE LESHOV Nikolai, Teleshova Nikola I (Russian writer); VLADI MIRTSOV Bori s, Vladi Mirtsova Bori sa (scientist - Mongolian); KOKO VTSOV Pa Vel, Koko Vtsova Pa Vla (Russian Semitic scientist).

4.4. Male surnames of East Slavic origin that have a fluent vowel during declension may have two variants of declension - with and without loss of the vowel, depending on the tradition of their use in literary speech. The Dictionary gives: ZA YATS Anatoly, ZA Yats Anatoly (Russian poet); SUDET Ts Vladi mir, SUDET Ts Vladi mir (Russian military leader); GRITSEVETS Sergei, Gritsevets Sergei (Russian pilot); LUCHENO K I Grief, Luchenka I Grief (Belarusian composer); KOVALYONOK Vladi Mir, Kovalyonka Vladi Mir (Russian cosmonaut); MAZURO K Yuri, Mazuro ka Yuri (Russian singer).

4.5. For male surnames and personal names of Western Slavic and Western European origin, gender forms are given. pad. without dropping a vowel, for example: GA SHEK Jarosla v, Gasheka Jarosla va (Czech writer); GA VRANEK Bo Guslav, GA VRANEK Bo Guslava [ne] (Czech linguist); GOTT Karel, Go tta Karela [re] (Czech singer).

4.6. Male Polish, Czech and Slovak surnames in - skiy, -Tsky usually given with full endings in the nominative case and declined according to Russian models (following the model of the declension of adjectives), for example: OLBRY KHSKI Danie l, Olbry KHSKI Danie la [ie] (Polish actor); OGINSKI (Oginski) Michal Kleo fas, Oginski (Oginski) Michal Kleo fas (Polish composer). But sometimes surnames of this type are used in an indeclinable form, for example: POLA NSKI Roman, Polanski Roma (Polish film director), although on the recommendation of experts they should be declined. The dictionary gives: POLANSKY (Polanskiy) Roman, Polanskiy (Polanskiy) Romana.

4.7. Women's surnames can be formed in different ways: with full endings (- Skye, -Tskaya) and with truncated (- ska, -tska). In both cases, they are more often declined according to Russian models (following the model of the declension of full adjectives), for example: BANDRO VSKA-TU RSKA Eva, Bandrovskaya-Turskaya E you (Polish singer); BRY LSKA Barbara, Brylska Barbara (Polish actress); CHERNY-STEFANSKA Galina, Czerny--Stefanska Galina (Polish pianist). Quite often, the name Brylskaya is pronounced incorrectly, placing emphasis on the first syllable: Barbara. But in Polish the stress is always on the penultimate syllable: Barbara ra. The Dictionary gives: BRY LSKA Barbara ra.

4.8. With borrowed male surnames ending in unstressed - ov, -in, genus forms are given. and creativity pad. with ending - ohm: DA RVIN Charles, Da Rvin Charles, Da Rvin Charles (English naturalist); CHA PLIN Charles Spencer, Chaplin Charles Spencer, Chaplin Charles Spencer [peh, se] (American film actor, film director); FLO TOV Friedrich, Flotov Friedrich, Flotov Friedrich (German composer). Similar Russian surnames are in the works. pad. ending - th.

4.9. European female surnames with unstressed - ov, -in presented in the Dictionary in indeclinable form: HO JKIN Do roti, several. (English scientist, woman); CHA PLIN Geraldina, Cha PLIN Geraldina (American actress).

4.10. The Dictionary also includes male surnames with accent - in. If these are Russian and Russified male surnames, then they are inclined according to the general rule, i.e. they have a creative meaning. pad. percussion - th. Therefore, this form is not given in the Dictionary, for example: KARAMZI N Nikolai, Karamzina Nikolai; BUTURLI N Vasily, Buturlina Vasily.

4.11. Female surnames of the above type are also inclined according to the Russian model: ROSTOPCHINA Evdoki I, Rostopchino y Evdoki and (Russian poetess).

4.12. To borrowed non-Russified male surnames with an accent - in the form of creation is given. pad. with unstressed - ohm: RACINE Jean, Racine Jean, Racine Jean (French playwright); BARTOLI N Era zm, Bartoli on Era zm, Bartolin nom Era zm (Danish scientist).

4.13. Female surnames of this type are presented in an indeclinable version: DENEV Katri n [de], several. (French actress), BIRKI N Jane, several. (French actress).

4.14. Women's surnames and names ending in a consonant (hard or soft) are given in indeclinable form, for example: VOYNICH Etel el Lilian [te], several. (English writer); COURSE L Nico l [se], several. (French actress).

4.15. Female personal names of biblical origin (Agar, Rachel, Ruth, Shulami f, Esther, Judi f) are declined according to the type of declension of the word “salt” (sol, soli, with salt, about salt), for example; Agary, Agary, with Agary, about Agary. The Dictionary lists the forms gen., creative. and sentence pad. The name Rashe l (Rashel, Rashe li, with Rashe li, about Rashe li), but the stage name of the French actress RACHE L ( present femme. - Eli doesn’t bow to Rush el Feli x)

4.16. The name Lyubov is declined without dropping a vowel; the Dictionary provides forms of gender, date. and sentence fall: Love, Love, to Love, oh Love. The names Nine l and Assol fluctuate in declination. The dictionary gives: Nina l, -i [ne] (f. name); Assol, several. (f. name).

5. Complex borrowed names and surnames

5.1. In complex Western names and surnames, connected by a hyphen, the last word is declined: BELMONDO Jean-Paul, Belmondo Jean-Paul (French actor); RUSSO Zha-n-Zhak, Rousseau Zha-n-Zhaka (French writer and philosopher); KAPABLA NKA Jose -Rau l, Capabla nki Jose -Rau la [se] (Cuban chess player). If the second name is not inflected, then the first name takes on the function of inflection, for example: TRENTIGNA N Zsa n-Louis, Trentigna na Zsa na-Louis (French actor); GUY-LUSSA K Jose f-Louis, GAY-Lussa ka Jose f-Louis [ze] (French chemist and physicist).

5.2. In compound names and surnames of Vietnamese, Korean, Burmese, Cambodian, Chinese, etc., the last part is declined: KIM YONG NAM, Kim Yong Na ma (North-Correspondent statesman); BA THEIN TIN, Ba Thein Ti na [te] (Burmese statesman); CH A SIM, Che a Si ma (Cambodian statesman); LI PEN, Li Pe na (Chinese statesman).

6. Double surnames

In Russian double surnames, both parts are declined if their endings can be declined, for example: SOKOLO V-MIKITO V, Sokolo va-Mikitova (Russian writer); GOLENI SHCHEV-KUTU CALL, Shin Shcheva-Kutu Zov (Russian poet, philologist, literary critic), but: SOKOLO V-SKALYA, Sokolo va-Skalya (Russian artist).

If the first part is not used as an independent word, it does not decline: DE MUT-MALINO VSKY, De mut-Malinovsky (Russian sculptor); Grum-Grzhima Yilo Vladi mir, Grum-Grzhima ylo Vladi mira (Russian scientist-metallurgist); BO NC-BRUE HIV, Bo NC-BRUEVICH (Russian military leader).

Geographical names are declined in the following cases:

name used with generic names town, village, hamlet, hamlet, river etc., acting as an appendix, agrees with the word being defined, that is, it declines if the toponym is of Russian, Slavic origin or is a long-borrowed and adopted name: in the city of Moscow, in the city of St. Petersburg, from the city of Kyiv; to the village of Ivanovka, from the village of Olkhovka, in the village of Shushenskoye, near the Mikhailovsky farmstead; near the Volga River, the valley of the Sukhoi stream, from Kamen-Kashirsky, in Pereslavl-Zalessky, in Mogilev-Podolsky, in Rostov-on-Don; in the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, in the city of Rostov-on-Don, in the city of New York, in the city of Washington;

In the “Directory of the Publisher and Author” by A.E. Milchin and L.K. Cheltsova, it is stated that “the abbreviation g. (city), like the full word, is recommended to be used in a limited manner, mainly before the names of cities formed from surnames (g. Kirov)". Thus, commonly used: in Moscow. Options in Moscow, in the city of Moscow should be characterized as specifically clerical (i.e., used primarily in official business speech). Options in Moscow, in the city of Moscow do not correspond to the literary norm.

both parts in the name Moscow River: Moskva River, on the Moskva River etc. (in colloquial speech there are cases of indeclinability of the first part: beyond the Moscow River, on the Moscow River etc., but such use does not correspond to strict literary norms;

in some complex geographical names the first part is declined: from Kamnya-Kashirsky, in Pereslavl-Zalessky, in Mogilev-Podolsky.

toponyms of French origin, to which the ending was added in Russian -A, inclined: Toulouse, Geneva, Lausanne - in Toulouse, Geneva, Lausanne (cf.: Toulouse, Genève, Lausanne);

Japanese place names ending in are declined -A unstressed: Osaka - in Osaka, Fukushima - from Fukushima;

Estonian and Finnish names are not declined: from Jyväskylä, Saaremaa;

Abkhazian and Georgian toponyms ending in unstressed experience fluctuations in declination -A, however, many of these names tend to be: Ochamchira - in Ochamchira, Gudauta - to Gudauta, Pitsunda - from Pitsunda;

complex Slavic names that are nouns in the presence of word-formation features of adjectives are declined, for example: Biała Podlaska – from Biała Podlaska, Banska Bystrica – to Banska Bystrica;

names ending with -A,- many borrowed geographical names mastered by the Russian language are declined according to the type of noun. wives kind of -a, for example: Bukhara - in Bukhara, Ankara - to Ankara;

names ending in -о and -е are not declined in the Russian literary language: in Oslo, Tokyo, Bordeaux, Mexico City, Santiago, Calais, Grodno, Vilna, Kovno;

toponyms have a greater tendency towards inclination -s: in Katowice, Thebes, Tatras, Cannes, Cheboksary;

if foreign language names ending in a consonant are not used in the application function, they usually decline: in the city of Mantasas, but 70 kilometers from Mantasas, near the city of Manston, but near Manston;

the first part in the construction “place name on the river”: in Frankfurt am Main, to Schwedt an der Oder, from Stratford upon Avon.

Geographical names on -ov (-ev), -ovo (-evo), -in, -ino (-yno) have an ending in the instrumental case -ohm, For example: Lvov - Lvov, Kanev - Kanev, Kryukovo - Kryukov, Kamyshin - Kamyshin, Maryino - Maryin, Golitsyno - Golitsyn.

Geographical names in combination with a generic word are usually not declined in the following cases:

when the external form of the name corresponds to the plural form. numbers: in the city of Velikiye Luki, in the city of Mytishchi;

when the gender of the generalizing common noun and the toponym do not coincide: on the Yenisei River, near the Khoper River, in the village of Parfenok(however: in the city of Tula, from Moscow);

neuter toponym applications ending in -e, -o: between the villages of Molodechno and Dorozhno, in the city of Vidnoye;

toponyms of Slavic origin ending in -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yno, do not decline in combination with a generic word: from the Lyublino district, towards the Strogino district, towards the Mitino district, in the city of Ivanovo, from the village of Prostokvashino, to the edge of Kosovo;

in some complex geographical names the first part remains unchanged: in Kamenets-Podolsk, in Gus-Khrustalny;

all place names in which the first part of the name has a morphological feature of the neuter gender are covered by a tendency towards immutability: from Likino-Duleva, in Sobolevo-on-Kamchatka;

Toponyms of French origin ending in -A in the source language: Gras, Spa, Le Dora, Jura and so on.;

foreign language names ending in a consonant are usually not declined in application function: in the city of Louisville, in the city of Maubeuge, in the city of Niamet, in the province of Zyadin, near the city of Manston;

complex geographical names are not inclined to -A unstressed, borrowed from Spanish and other Romance languages: to Bahia Blanca, to Bahia Laypa, from Jerez de la Frontera, to Santiago de Cuba, from Pola de Lena, from Santiago de Compostela;

names are usually not inclined to -And: from Chile, Tbilisi, Nagasaki;

Latin American names -os: to Fuentos;

The first part of complex foreign language toponyms, as a rule, is not declined: in Almaty, near Buenos Aires, from Yoshkar-Ola;

complex names of type are not declined Pere Lachaise, Mine Mill, Puerto Montt;

compound names with the second part do not decline -street, -square, -park, -palace: Alvin Street, Union Square, Friedrich Stadt Palace, Enmore Park.

if any foreign language compound name is used in an application function with common nouns like city, town, capital, port, etc., it is left unchanged in the second part: in the city of Santa Cruz, in the Bolivian capital La Paz.

Geographical names may or may not be declined if there is no generic word: in Lublin and in Lyublino, towards Strogin and towards Strogino, in Ivanovo and to Ivanovo, from Prostokvashino and from Prostokvashino, to Kosovo and to Kosovo, to Mitino and to Mitino, 8th microdistrict of Mitino and 8th microdistrict of Mitino.
In this case, the inflected version corresponds to strict literary norms. The dictionary of L.K. Graudina, V.A. Itskovich, L.P. Katlinskaya “Grammatical correctness of Russian speech” indicates: “In an exemplary literary style (from the stage, from the television screen, in radio speech) these forms should be declined.”

The question of the admissibility of declension of names ending in - O has been discussed for quite some time at various levels, in particular on the Internet. Considering that the toponym “Kupchino” is a prominent representative of precisely this kind of toponym, I, of course, could not pass by and not reveal my vision of the issue. Below are a number of articles found on the Internet with links to sources that, in my opinion, fully reflect this topic.

It seems that the time has come, armed with modern reference books and dictionaries, to finally understand the forms of declensiongeographical names. We have already published material on this issue in the article "There is hardly another capital like Moscow... " , however, we continue to receive questions from our readers.

So, options indeclinable and indeclinable forms of geographical names.

Let's first deal with toponyms on -ov(o), -ev(o), ev(o), -in(o), -yn(o), or, more simply put, ending with-ABOUT. These are nouns - geographical names such as Sheremetyevo, Domodedovo, Ostankino, Priyutino, Medvedkovo, Abramtsevo, Peredelkino, Tsaritsyno, Pushkino, Kemerovo, Chudovo, Avtovo, Perovo, Komarovo, Murino and others. What is the correct way to say: to Kemerovo or in Kemerovo, to Avtovo or to Avtov, from Perov or from Perovo?

Geographical names of settlements, stations, cities on-ABOUTin modern Russian language they gradually move into the category of nouns, not changeable by case. This is probably explained by the fact that in recent decades in colloquial speech these toponyms are increasingly used as indeclinables. Directories from seven to ten years ago strictly demanded that these words be changed according to cases, but modern publications note a tendency towardsindeclinability of geographical names starting with -O, now especially widespread. From oral speech, the unchangeable form penetrated into written sources, in particular into journalism.

The stylistic dictionary of variants by L.K. Graudina, V.A. Itskovich and L.P. Katlinskaya gives the following examples of newspaper headlines: “The Tragedy of Kosovo,” “From Pushchino to Colorado.” Let us recall that initially indeclinable forms were used only in the professional speech of geographers , military and in official business style of speech.

The norm for using Russian geographical names in -Oin an inflexible form is also registered in the academic “Grammar of the modern Russian literary language” (M., 1970): “In modern language there is a tendency to replenish the group of words of zero declension with words - toponyms with finals-ov(o), -ev(o), -ev(o) And -in(o), for example: Ivanovo, Biryulyovo, Knyazevo, Boldino, Lyublino, Golitsyno, etc..".

Perhaps, only the requirements for the declension of the names of settlements, if they are used as applications with a generic name(city, village, town, etc.) and have options: in the village of Pushkino (with the original form Pushkino) and in the city of Pushkin (with the original form Pushkin).

Now - the most important. Which is correct: to Kemerovo or to Kemerovo, to Avtovo or to Avtov, from Perov or from Perovo?

Currently, both variants are in free use - inflected and indeclinable, therefore, both can be considered normative.

However, it should be remembered that there are several cases when place names on -Oare used in immutable form:

· When the gender of the geographical name and the generic name do not coincide: in the village of Bosovo, at the Sinevo station, from the village of Likhovo. Here the words are generic names of the feminine gender (village, station, village), but with them the names retain the neuter form; another example:on the shore of Lake Kaftino, in the village of Sinyavino, from the port of Vanino- words - geographical names retain the form of the nominative case, while generic names change by case;

· When little-known settlements are called along with wordsvillage, settlement, encampment, as a rule, in order to avoid coincidence with the identical names of cities in the masculine gender:in the village of Buyanovo, But in the city of Buyanov; V village of Pushkino, But in the city of Pushkin;

· When the name is enclosed in quotation marks. In this case, it is acceptable to use it as an indeclinable: the stud farm in "Kashino" was one of the best in the Tver region; Construction of a new camp site has begun near the Golovlevo farm and so on.

For those site visitors who find our material far from complete, we recommend that you refer to the reference books:

1. Graudina L.K., Itskovich V.A., Katlinskaya L.P. Grammatical correctness of Russian speech. Stylistic dictionary of variants. M., 2001

2. Rosenthal D. E. Handbook of spelling and stylistics. St. Petersburg, 1997

3. Grammar of the modern Russian literary language. M., 1970

Myth No. 1. Geographical names in -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yno do not decline and never have. Options in Boldin, from Ostankino, in Pulkovo - “newspeak”, illiteracy, damage to the language.

Question from the “Reference Bureau” of GRAMOTY.RU: Recently, our television announcers have begun to decline their names: in Ostankino, in Konkovo, etc. Have the rules of the Russian language changed here, or have they made a relaxation for announcers so that they don’t bother themselves?

Quote from the blog: “It infuriates me when the news says Lublin, while all my life I thought that it was not bending...” (blogger marinkafriend)

In fact: Geographical names of Slavic origin, ending in -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yno, were traditionally inclined: in Ostankino, in Peredelkino, to Boldin, to Pulkovo, from Kosovo. The tendency to use the indeclinable option has developed only in recent decades. In other words, the new normal is not in Lublin, but in Lyublino.

From history: Initially, all such names were inflected (remember Pushkin: “The History of the Village of Goryukhin”, Lermontov: “It’s not for nothing that all Russia remembers about Borodin’s Day!”, Let’s remember the Soviet film “It Happened in Penkovo”). Initially, indeclinable forms were used only in the speech of geographers and military men, because it was very important to give names in the original form so that there was no confusion: Kirov and Kirovo, Pushkin and Pushkino, etc. But gradually indeclinable forms began to penetrate into written speech. Thus, in the “Grammar of the Modern Russian Literary Language” of 1970, it was indicated that in the modern Russian literary language there is a tendency to replenish the group of words of zero declension with place names with finals -ov(o), -ev(o), -ev(o), - in(o). In other words, intransigence was just beginning to spread.

Quote on the topic: “The habit of not declining the names of localities apparently originates from military reports. But is it good that the newspaper distributes and takes root this habit? “I live in Odintsovo, in Kratovo,” and not “in Odintsovo, in Kratovo" - the habit of not declining names gives live speech some kind of official character" (L.K. Chukovskaya. In the editor's laboratory).

“Russian Grammar” of 1980 indicated: “Geographical names in -ovo, -evo and -ino, -yno: Ivanovo, Biryulyovo, Kuntsevo, Sarajevo, Boldino, Borodino, Golitsyno and the like are found in modern colloquial, professional, newspaper speech tendency towards immutability.Despite this, in written speech, in accordance with the current grammatical rules, geographical names in -ov(o), -ev(o), -ev(o), -in(o), -yn(o) inclining: In the sky over Tushin (gas.); We are talking about the airport in Sheremetyevo (gas.). The indeclinability of geographical names is normal in the following cases: 1) If such a name is an appendix to one of the following generalizing words: village, hamlet, settlement, station, camp, less often - a city: in the village of Vasilkovo, in the village of Pushkino, in the village of Belkino, at the Gogolevo station. 2) If the settlement is named after the proper name of a famous person: near Repino (the name of the village near Leningrad), not far from Lermontovo (the name . small town near Penza)".

30 years have passed since then - and indeclinable options have become so widespread that the initially only correct indeclinable option is today perceived by many as erroneous (see the blogger’s words above). Once upon a time, A. A. Akhmatova was indignant if they said in her presence we live in Kratovo instead of we live in Kratovo, and the writer V. I. Belov sarcastically suggested that those speaking I live in Kemerovo use the same pattern to pronounce from the window. Nowadays, many consider precisely this use to be a corruption of the language - in Kratovo, in Strogin, in Pulkovo - that is, corresponding to a strict literary norm.

However, the indeclinability of the names in question gradually became normative, as modern dictionaries say (albeit with caution). Here is a quote from the “Grammar Dictionary of the Russian Language” by A. A. Zaliznyak: “...The use of this word (toponym in -ovo, -ino - V.P.) is very common - both in oral speech and in print. as unchangeable, for example: lives in Kuntsevo, we approach Ostankino, a kilometer from Borodino, instead of literary ones lives in Kuntsevo, we approach Ostankino, a kilometer from Borodino. The extent of the spread of this phenomenon is so significant that, apparently, it is already approaching the status valid option."

Thus, today both options can be considered normative - inflected and indeclinable. Let us also note that over the past decades, the tendency noted in “Russian Grammar” not to change the original form of the name of settlements, if they are used as an appendix, along with the generic name, has finally taken hold.

So, let’s remember elementary truth No. 1.

Basic truth No. 1. Geographical names of Slavic origin ending in -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yno, do not decline in combination with a generic word: from the Lyublino region, towards the Strogino region, to the Mitino region, in the city of Ivanovo, from the village of Prostokvashino, to the edge of Kosovo. If there is no generic word, then both options are normative, inflected (old) and indeclinable (new): in Lublin and in Lyublino, towards Strogin and towards Strogino, in Ivanovo and in Ivanovo, from Prostokvashino and from Prostokvashino, to Kosovo and to Kosovo, to Mitino and to Mitino, 8th microdistrict of Mitino and 8th microdistrict of Mitino. In this case, the inflected version corresponds to strict literary norms (and is recommended, for example, for the speech of announcers).

Literature:

1. Grammar of the modern Russian literary language. M., 1970.

2. Russian grammar. M., 1980.

3. Graudina L.K., Itskovich V.A., Katlinskaya L.P. Grammatical correctness of Russian speech. Stylistic dictionary of variants. M., 2004.

4. Zaliznyak A. A. Grammar dictionary of the Russian language: Inflection. – 5th ed., rev. M., 2008.

V. Pakhomov, Candidate of Philological Sciences, editor-in-chief of the Gramota.RU portal

Tell me, uncle, it’s not for nothing

Moscow, burned by fire,

Given to the Frenchman?

After all, there were battles,

Yes, they say, even more!

It’s not for nothing that all of Russia remembers

About Borodin Day!

M. Yu. Lermontov. Borodino

The names of settlements in -o, such as Roshchino, Pershino, Poletayevo (for Chelyabinsk residents) or Orekhovo, Maryino, Altufyevo (for Muscovites), are declined.

There are not very many such places in Chelyabinsk and the surrounding area; they are mentioned infrequently. In Moscow, every third metro station has a similar name in honor of the corresponding place, so you hear their names from people all the time.

In the overwhelming majority of cases, Muscovites do not decline these names: he lives in Tsaritsyno, he came from Strogino. On the "Echo of Moscow", on the other hand, these names are always declined: in Tsaritsyn, from Strogin. "Gramota.ru" says that recently non-declension has become more frequent, and on this alone, as far as I can see, it recognizes both options as acceptable.

Even if you believe the “Certificate” and consider that these options are equal today, you still need to decide, at least for yourself, how to speak. After all, almost any rule that recognizes two options for anything as true, however, does not imply the possibility of their absolutely random use. (I’m ready to forgive some publications for writing the word “Internet” with a capital letter, but when different materials from one publication spell it differently, this is absolutely unacceptable.)

I think I will not be mistaken if I say that many of the readers do not decline these names and even experience a certain feeling of the “wrongness” of the declension, and therefore will immediately decide this issue for themselves in favor of non-declension. I will note, however, that it is easiest to continue speaking as you are used to, even if it suddenly turns out to be incorrect. But once you get used to putting stress correctly in words like: casing, apostrophe, blinds, you immediately stop paying any attention to the fact that someone around you says differently.

To determine my own point of view on this issue, I decided to turn to common sense and some other credible sources.

Common sense says: there is absolutely no grammatical reason not to inflect these words. There are no Russian words in the Russian language that are not declined: metro, coffee and other coats are borrowed words, and, more importantly, it is specifically said about them that these are such amazing words that do not decline. And words that one could choose to incline or not incline do not exist at all, even among borrowed ones.

Children distort indeclinable words in any way they like (“they passed it on radib”) just to deflect, because they have already managed to feel the language and simply do not expect that there are words that they would not care about this language.

Here's what Dahl writes about the coat:

Coat, Wed. inclined French a very inconvenient name for us for an outer dress, male and female, like a wide frock coat; chapan.
And about blinds even like this:

Blinds, blinds pl. inclined French window grilles, in which, sometimes, transverse planks are placed, at will, flat or on edge, for light and shadow. People are talking. blinds, kind blinds; unyielding words are of no use to us; enlightenment? Zatinniki?

Having convinced ourselves of the naturalness and necessity of declension for the Russian language, let’s return to populated areas. Their indeclination, like any other words, makes them alien, non-Russian. But Lyublino and Strogino are not San Marino or Nagano.

I’ll tell you (for the sake of secret) that I wrote in Boldin, as I haven’t written for a long time... (from a letter from A.S. Pushkin to P.A. Pletnev).

Some say that there is no need to incline because this is the name. Amazing nonsense. Where have you seen that the name is not inclined, “to Euroset”? Do you live in Russia or in Russia? Others say that in general names, of course, are declined, but this is the neuter gender, and that’s why there is no need to decline. And again nonsense. Here we have the villages of Dolgoderevenskoye, Kruglenkoye, Kuznetskoye. Residents of Dolgoderevenskoye live in Dolgoderevenskoye, and not “in Dolgoderevenskoye”. The same, I believe, can be said about the residents of Otradnoye and Krylatsky. Thus, surprisingly, it is the names ending with -o that fall under indeclension.

On the “Certificate” they write that if such names are declined, it will be impossible to distinguish the neuter from the masculine. Like, if you say “in Strogin”, then it seems that the nominative case is “Strogin”, not Strogino. This is precisely what they see as the reason for the reluctance.

Cause and effect are confused here. It is precisely because many people stopped inflecting such words that the inflected version began to be perceived in the masculine gender. After all, we are inclining Krylatskoye, but by the way, if it were the Krylatsky district, it would be inclined the same way. When they say “in Krylatsky”, don’t you think it’s “Krylatsky”? Maybe, so that it doesn’t seem like it, let’s stop persuading him: “I live in Krylatskoye,” “I came from Kruglenkoye”? (Does it hurt your ears? Doesn’t “from Lyublino” hurt your ears?)

In general, this happens not only in the neuter gender. When they talk about Prague, Madrid, Warsaw or Beijing, we don't think of Prague, Madrid, Warsaw and Beijing. You can, of course, “to avoid confusion”, also stop inflecting the feminine gender: “in Prague”, in Madrid, “in Warsaw” and in Beijing. (Not in Russian, but the nominative case is immediately obvious!) Fortunately, no one agrees to this.

It just so happened that in the Russian language it is not always possible to determine the original form of a word by its indirect form. It is assumed that if you speak Russian, then it is already obvious to you.

One more (it seems the last) argument in favor of nondeclension: sometimes, they say, there is a settlement in both the neuter gender and the masculine gender, and therefore, if you decline, it is unclear which of them we are talking about. But distorting the entire language for the sake of a little more certainty is a more than dubious idea, and there are not so many such pairs of settlements to go through with it (and, again, you can find similar pairs not only with settlements on - oh, and this is not considered a reason not to persuade them). There are many more places in the country that have absolutely the same names, and there is no confusion. Do you know how many civilians there are in Russia? In those rare cases when there is both the city of Pushkin and the village of Pushkino, and at the same time we can talk about both, you can always simply construct the phrase a little differently and avoid ambiguity. (But, in general, not everyone is destined to face this problem even once in their life.)

Of course, language lives and changes, and this is normal. When coffee becomes a neuter gender, this can at least be justified by the fact that the word coffee with its entire appearance says: “I am a neuter gender,” and it is more convenient for any Russian-speaking person to perceive it that way. But in the case of Poletaev and his brothers, the trend, on the contrary, is “anti-Russian” and unnatural.

You just need to accustom yourself to inclination and love it.

The electrical center is located in Ostankino, the airport is in Domodedovo, and the tunnel is near Lefortovo. If the idea of ​​declination of Yasenev or Medvedkov ever seems wrong to us, the problem is not in Yasenev or Medvedkov, but in us.

So, after reading these articles, I made an unequivocal conclusion for myself: the toponym “Kupchino” can and should be declined. It is possible, because this does not contradict the current rules of the Russian language, given that the name “Kupchino” is of Slavic origin. And it should be because it was precisely this form of pronunciation that was used by the residents of the village and town, as well as a significant number of residents who moved to Kupchino as an area of ​​mass development.

But in colloquial speech it is not so simple. I conducted a frivolous sociological survey among friends and acquaintances. To the question “where do you live?” 90% of respondents, and maybe more, answered - in Kupchino. And then opinions were divided. About half said that they walk around Kupchin and nowhere from Kupchina they are not going to leave. It turns out something in between. Separate cases are used.

When setting a search query on Yandex and Google, the following data was received:

Yandex query “in Kupchino” – 1 million pages found

Yandex query “in Kupchin” – 12 thousand pages found

Google query “in Kupchino” – 530,000 pages found

Google query “in Kupchyn” – 67,700 pages found

It is clear that the inflexible form is more popular.

Despite this, I remain a staunch supporter of the declension of the toponym “Kupchino” and this is how I write about Kupchino within the framework of this site. Being in the minority does not mean being wrong.

I hasten to send all those who are indignant and indignant about this to the Institute of the Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which I currently consider as the final authority in this matter.

A request made to this institution received an answer that did not cause the slightest surprise: it is possible to decline the toponym “Kupchino”. As an argument, the current standards described in the following works were proposed:

Brief Russian grammar. Edited by N. Yu. Shvedova and V. V. Lopatin. 2nd edition, stereotypical

The Russian Academy of Sciences. Institute of Russian Language named after. V. V. Vinogradova. Moscow 2002 (pp. 202, 203 § 184, 185) and

Grammatical correctness of Russian speech. Stylistic dictionary of variants. L. K. Graudina, V. A. Itskovich, L. P. Katlinskaya; The Russian Academy of Sciences. Institute of Russian Language named after. V. V. Vinogradova. Moscow 2001 (pp. 198-200), already mentioned above.

However, as it turned out, the leadership of the Frunzensky district of St. Petersburg adheres to the more popular, not inclining, version (here we are talking about a long-gone team led by T. Meshcheryakov). Well, it's their right, their choice. It's completely acceptable. The only puzzling thing is that the district leadership allows itself to give recommendations to residents on how they, the residents, should pronounce the name of the district. The administration should make such suggestions, perhaps, to its subordinates, but certainly not to the public. For this kind of recommendations, there are bodies more competent in philological and toponymic issues.

Should cultured people persuade Kupchino? Gleb Stashkov's blog City 812 online BezFormat.RU

It’s good, you know, to be a Kupchinsky journalist. Our government is very responsive. Two weeks ago I proposed renaming the streets of Bela Kun and Oleko Dundic. And what would you think? A survey was posted on the district administration website: should they be renamed?

True, the majority believes that it is not necessary. So we know what kind of majority we have. All sorts of people came in large numbers. Some, you know, move from Kupchin to the Kremlin, while others seem to do the opposite.

And last summer, Kupchin’s press secretary tweeted a response to my text. Here in Kupchina, you know, everyone writes on Twitter. They’ll come and let’s write on Twitter. In general, the press secretary accused me of using the word “Kupchino”. You can’t, they say, write “in Kupchino,” but you need, they say, “in Kupchino.”

And on the magazine’s website, too, you know, they blame me for this. Grayness, they say, is brainless. Not otherwise, they say, as a newcomer. And, you know, I’m very offended. Of course, I'm a newcomer. I came to Kupchino from the Petrograd side. But I was not yet a year old then. And since then I have become completely Russified and paid off.

To be honest, I’m not inclined towards Kupchino. This corrector inclines. Proofreaders, you know, are also people with ambition. They’ll come to the editorial office and let’s persuade them to do anything.

But, apparently, our proofreader offended our district administration so much that last week it convened a scientific council. And “with the help of specialists, officials found out that the name of the Kupchino district is not inclined in Russian.” Because “historians say that the name Kupchino comes from Finnish-language names.”

Well, you never know what historians say. I, you know, am also a historian. I started to find out. It turns out that according to the Swedish census of 1619, four taxable owners lived in the village of Kuptzinoua By, three of whom - Ivan Kuzmin, Proshka Lefontyev and Siman Abrahamov - were Orthodox. Very interesting information. "Four taxable." That is, they lived and were not taxed. That is, it was the Swedes who brought illegal migrants here.

But, to tell the truth, I have no confidence in this census. Where, tell me, could Siman Abrahamov come from in the 17th century? And even Orthodox. And what kind of name is this - Kuptzinoua. It's some kind of Indian name. It turns out that the Kamanches lived here. Or some kind of Mohicans. And Siman Abrahamov is the last of the Mohicans. Not counting Proshka Lefontyev.

And according to the scientist Myznikov, kypsi in ancient Finnish meant “hare”. Beautiful version. It turns out that Hare Island is Kupchino.

And, as they say,

Here in KupchinO
We are destined
Open a window to Europe.

True, in modern Finnish the word for hare is jänis. It doesn't taste like Kypsi. Apparently, Finnish hares have evolved greatly since ancient times.

Of course, if Kupchino is a foreign name, then there is no bazaar. Doesn't bow down. We don’t say: in San Marin, from San Marin. But, as one Kolpino patriot noted on the Internet, Kolpino is not San Marino. And Kupchino, believe me, even more so. And not San Marino, and not Rio de Janeiro. And it seems to me that the word “Kupchino” is of domestic production.

And he doesn’t remember a damn thing
About the day, your mother, KupchinA, -
I will add on my own behalf.

However, the mentioned Kolpino patriot gives another option: “It’s not for nothing that all of Russia remembers the day of Borodin and the defense of Kolpino!” And in support of his “inclinist” theory he cites the following lines:

We are standing in a crowd near Kolpino.
The artillery hits its own.

Not very, you know, convincing. Maybe it’s better for us to forget about this defense of Kolpin? Limit yourself to the day of Borodin. There, the artillery didn’t seem to hit on its own.

If they remembered Lermontov, it would be a sin to forget about Pushkin. Tom, you know, had a good time in Boldin. However, Pushkin seriously argued that in Russian one should say “gypsies” and “Tatars,” and not “gypsies” and “Tatars.” And his poem, you know, is called “Gypsies,” not “Gypsies.” Pushkin, to be honest, was also a migrant worker.

And in general, in those days, it was not Pushkin who was considered a champion of the Russian language, but Admiral Shishkov. Who attacked Karamzin, who used the word “more humane.” This way, according to the admiral, they will say “my horse is better than yours, my cow is better than yours.” And Pushkin also had a friend - Prince Vyazemsky. I also wrote some poems. And the words “mediocrity” and “talented” turned him right inside out. These words, he says, came from the meadowsweet farmers. But I doubt something. You know, the meadowsweet man is standing in a cap and reasoning:

- And Pushkin is talented, son of a bitch. And Vyazemsky, frankly speaking, is mediocrity.

Let's return to Kupchino. Fighters for the purity of language and opponents of change are precisely the “inclinists”. Living in Kupchino, not in Kupchino. Not to incline is the fashion of recent years. Previously they declined. And now, you see, they feel discomfort from this. They came in large numbers and felt discomfort.

When I worked as a literary editor in a sports newspaper, one hockey correspondent felt discomfort from the name of the Ufa club “Salavat Yulaev”. And he wrote this: SKA is playing with Salavat Yulaev. I explained that Salavat Yulaev is not a pound sterling. That salavat is not a unit of measurement for some yulai. The correspondent argued. And then he went to the STO TV channel, where he said that Zenit was playing with Krylia Sovetov.

And before, people were cultured and didn’t even know the word – discomfort. And they didn't call. And they didn't even call. And they didn’t talk on the phone at all. “Just now I was talking on the phone with L. Tolstoy,” Chekhov writes in his diary.

It sounds very sublime and noble, you know. Well, imagine Chekhov, who takes out a mobile phone in a minibus and starts yelling.

- Hello, hello, Tolstoy? It's Chekhov calling!

Yes, Tolstoy would have snapped right away:
- Go to hell..., Chekhov.

By the way, cultured people of that time inclined male surnames to “-ko”. Take any memories. At Rodzianka's. To Rodzianka. From Rodzianka. And they’re not writing about just anyone. About the Speaker of the State Duma.

So I ask you to convey to both the district administration and the governor of Poltavchenko: they persuaded Kupchino, we persuade and will continue to persuade. And if the tongue doesn’t turn or the hand doesn’t rise, the proofreader will correct it.

"In Kupchino" vs "In Kupchino" Konstantin Vasilevsky Newspaper "Frunzensky District" No. 8 (326) March 30, 2012

What is the correct way to say “in Kupchino” or “in Kupchino”? An open discussion on this topic was opened by representatives of the public organization “I love Kupchino” and employees of the Frunzensky district administration.

"Opinions differ. Surveys of residents show that both variants are common in both spoken and written speech – inflected and indeclinable. Experts say that geographical names of Slavic origin ending in “-ino” are not inflected when used with a generic word If there is no generic word, then it is preferable, according to classical literary norms, to use the inflected version. However, there is currently a discussion about whether the toponym Kupchino is of Russian or Finnish origin, which has survived to this day and given the name to a significant territory in the south of modern St. Petersburg,” says the administration of the Frunzensky district. Let us recall that at the initiative of the head of the Frunzensky district administration, Terenty Meshcheryakov, and public organizations, at the end of 2011, residents were invited to join in the discussion of Kupchinsky toponyms. Thus, on the information resources of the district, a discussion took place about the need and expediency of renaming Bela Kun Street, which bears the name of one of the figures of the communist movement. You can take part in the discussion and express your opinion on the website of the Frunzensky District newspaper at gazetafrunz.ru in the “Poll” section.