Rural library as a factor in the preservation of culture. Kugidel Rural Library Goals and Objectives of Libraries in the Reporting Year

Kalyuzhnaya Julia

Object this research is the rural library no. 9 p. Moscow.

Subject of study- a rural library as an information, cultural and educational center of the village.

Target of this work: to study the role of the rural library in the life of the village.

Tasks:

Find out how many rural libraries there are in the Russian Federation and how many people visit them;

Define the tasks and identify the main directions of the rural library's activities p. Moscow Izobilnensky municipal district;

Determine if our library is an information, cultural and educational center of the village.

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Municipal government educational institution

"Secondary school number 4" with. Moscow

Izobilnensky Municipal District, Stavropol Territory

Project

"The role of the library in the life of the village"

Performed:

student of 2 "B" class

Kalyuzhnaya Julia

Consultant:

head of library number 9

Zhilina Olga Petrovna

Supervisor:

primary school teacher

Kvasova Vera Vladimirovna

year 2014

Introduction

When I went to school, I began to turn to the library more often not only for fiction, but also for scientific and educational literature. I am especially interested in history books.

And then, one day, I thought, how many such libraries are in Russia? How many people in our country visit them and why?

When I started asking questions on this topic to parents, teachers, library workers, I got a research project "The role of the library in the life of the village."

Object this research is the rural library no. 9 p. Moscow.

Subject of study- a rural library as an information, cultural and educational center of the village.

Target of this work: to study the role of the rural library in the life of the village.

Tasks :

Find out how many rural libraries there are in the Russian Federation and how many people visit them;

Define the tasks and identify the main directions of the rural library's activities p. Moscow Izobilnensky municipal district;

Determine if our library is an information, cultural and educational center of the village.

To solve the set tasks, the following were used methods:

Study and analysis of literature and Internet sources on the research problem;

Observation and study of the work of the rural library No. 9 p. Moscow Izobilnensky municipal district;

Interviewing library staff;

Readers' survey;

Interviewing the villagers;

Systematization of the information received and the formulation of conclusions.

Research progress

First, from Internet sources I found out that there are more than 38 thousand rural libraries in Russia, and they serve more than 40 million inhabitants.

In the course of studying the work of the rural library number 9 p. Moscow Izobilnensky municipal district, I talked with the head of the library - Zhilina Olga Petrovna and learned that the library was founded in 1936. I calculated: our library is 78 years old!

Over the years, the library has collected 21 thousand books. 1,500 readers registered in the library can borrow and read books on various topics, and 530 of them are children.

Olga Petrovna has kindly agreed to give me an interview.

(view interview)

I conducted a survey of readers at school. The guys from my school, among whom I conducted a survey, really wanted to help me and honestly answered the questions in my questionnaire. 32 students were interviewed.

I interviewed the villagers on the street. Mom helped me with this. When I approached the residents of the Moskovskoye village with my questions, I was a little afraid whether they would want to answer my questions and how they would react to it, but it turned out that friendly people live in our village. Out of 20 people, only 2 refused me.

During the questionnaire and survey, I asked only three questions:

How often do you visit the village library?

Do you attend events hosted by the library?

Have you, or your friends, taken part in the preparation and conduct of these events?

We entered the processed data of 50 respondents into the table:

Of course, children gave more positive answers than adults. Why? Each of us can answer this question: "Adults use computers more often than books."

conclusions

So, rural library number 9 p. Moskovsky Izobilnensky municipal district use traditional is the informational, cultural and educational center of the village.

In serving citizens, the library uses traditional (lending books, reading books in the reading room) and non-traditional technologies. The library regularly hosts literary readings and theme nights. For veterans of the Great Patriotic War, these are evenings of meetings and memories of the war. For younger schoolchildren, a holiday "Dedication to readers" is held. The older kids participate in fun games and quizzes. For example: "The game is a journey - letters travel in time", "Hour of local history", "Courtesy lessons." For Christmas, the library presented readers with a theatrical performance "The Light of the Christmas Star". New information technologies are also used, that is, a computer with Internet access.

We see that the workers of the rural library care about the development of the younger generation and about people in need of socio-cultural support.

History of the Bystryanskaya rural library.

The library in the Bystraya village has been opening its doors for its kind readers for half a century. Readers of various ages, professions, interests. From generation to generation they come here to plunge into the diverse book world and choose the book they like for the soul or creativity. The rural library today is the only institution in the village that provides free use of the book, which ensures the constitutional right of every person to free access to information, knowledge, and cultural values.

In the first years of Soviet power in our country, the state program of Soviet Russia "Elimination of Illiteracy" was developed, the beginning of which was laid by the decree of the Council of People's Commissars "On the Elimination of Illiteracy in the RSFSR" of December 26, 1919. According to him, the entire population of Soviet Russia between the ages of 8 and 50, who could not read or write, had to learn to read and write in their native language or Russian (at will). In 1920, the Council of People's Commissars adopted a decree establishing the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for the Elimination of Illiteracy (VChK educational program), whose resolutions are binding. The fight against illiteracy is accompanied by cultural and political education: workers' clubs, huts - reading rooms, the press, museums.

In the countryside, huts - reading rooms - became the organ of cultural and political education of the masses. They worked without fuel, kerosene. They were supervised by volunteers. They were helped in every possible way by the peasants, who rented their houses for huts - reading rooms, organized volunteer clean-ups for the extraction of fuel.

The hut is a reading room ...

A long forgotten phrase for older people, but for young people it is something quite exotic. And in those years it was the center of political propaganda and the elimination of illiteracy in the countryside (educational program).

Perhaps, of all the coercive measures of the Soviet regime, the forced enlightenment of the people was the most useful and effective measure. Of course, the main emphasis was placed on the promotion of a new, Soviet way of life, but at the same time, elementary illiteracy was eliminated, which is already good.

Huts - reading rooms appeared in the villages, and with them a new profession - a hut. This is how librarians and cultural workers were called in one person in the 1920s and 1930s. Together with the teachers, they led the fight against the illiteracy of the population.

In the village Bystraya izba - a reading room was opened in 1936 at the initiative of Komsomol activists. They begged the board of the Udarnik collective farm for an old barn and, on their own, converted it into a hut - a reading room (the building has not survived). Reading evenings were spent under the light of a kerosene lamp, learning to read and write, drawing letters with a stub from a pencil, and then teaching others.

From the memoirs of PD Mikhailova.

“Young people gathered in the collective farm office, listened to the news, arranged loud newspaper readings. I was with two classes of education, was considered literate, and four illiterates were assigned to me. So she taught her fellow villagers to read and write. "

In 1937, a club for 250 seats was built, the hut - the reading room was now in the club, in the center of the village. Izbachem worked Fedosya Dmitrievna Kurdyumova. Izbach arranged loud readings of editorials and news from newspapers, talked about various events. The book fund, as a rule, was very modest: several dozen books collected from all over the village, but later books were purchased for 300 rubles. Issuance records were not kept. Books were taken on parole and returned back.

The newspaper "Vlast Truda" of February 23, 1983 wrote: "In the collective farm club of the village Bystraya there is a drama and choir circles. They consist of 23 people. The drama club has already prepared for the staging of the play "Crossing", "Change", "Poverty is not a vice", the choral group is learning a song about the Motherland and "Leisya Song in the Open". In their free time, in the evenings, all collective farmers visit the club. In the club library, in addition to fiction, there is a collection of works by V.I. Lenin. A sound film will be running in the club soon. (Head of the club A. Kozin) "

One of the directions of the work of the hut - reading room at that time was the activity of the propaganda team. During the collective farm field work, members of the agitation brigade went to the field camps, during lunch breaks they read fresh newspapers and fiction to the village workers. More details can be found in the article of the Komsomol leader A. Golubtsov (Vlast Truda newspaper, April 21, 1983): “All Komsomol members are assigned to teams. Each of them is instructed to conduct readings, conversations, help to publish a wall newspaper, i.e. carry out all the mass work. As soon as the brigade left for the field, we published the first issue of the wall newspaper. All the shortcomings of readiness for sowing were indicated in it. The newspaper helped quickly fix them. At lunchtime, we read the latest newspapers aloud to the collective farmers, discussing the latest news. At the same time, we are studying the "Regulations on elections to the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR." And when the working day ends, the Komsomol-readers read A. Fadeev's book "The Defeat". Readings and conversations of the Komsomol members are of interest to all collective farmers ... "

The hut, a reading room, also worked in the harsh wartime. The izbach librarian was often on duty in the village council, received telegrams from the military registration and enlistment office about sending men to the war and carried them around the village. She wrote lightning bolts and war sheets, letters, but the front. Loud readings were conducted by the readers. The readers were regularly supplied with valuable materials about the events at the front.

Bystryanskaya rural library in Soviet times.

After the hard times of war, the peaceful life of the villagers gradually improved. Izba - the reading room is becoming an integral and perhaps the most significant part of the cultural life of the village. The number of regular readers is growing, the fund of books is increasing.

From the report on the work of the hut - reading room for 1950:

“There are 53 readers

Book fund 513 copies

Conducted 33 interviews

4 wall newspapers were issued

11 combat flyers

Head of the hut - reading room Popov Nikolay "

The 60s became the dawn of the cultural life of the Bystraya village. The board of the collective farm "Udarnik", the party organization paid great attention to the education of young people. A new office building was built, the construction of a new school building, a boarding school at the school was completed, a music school was opened, for which the collective farm acquired musical instruments.

The villagers subscribed to more newspapers and magazines. For 250 households - 520 copies of newspapers and 338 magazines, which amounted to more than 3 copies per household. The number of readers in the rural library also grew. The book was brought up to every seven, to every literate citizen. About 5,000 rubles have been allocated for the purchase of books for the library.

On September 5, 1966, the Bystryanskaya rural library was registered in the Minusinsk regional department of culture. Since 1966, Lyudmila Mikhailovna Semina worked as the head of the rural library.

The newspaper Iskra Ilyich, dated April 8, 1972, wrote: “Great changes have taken place in the cultural life of the village, in their everyday life. Take, for example, the rural library, which is headed by L.M. Semina. There are more than 7 thousand books in its funds. In the evenings it is crowded with more than five hundred readers. The village club is ruled by Komsomol members. They start a dispute, then they will spend an interesting evening. "

From 1977 to the present day, Valentina Mikhailovna Kalinichenko has been working in the library; her library experience is more than 33 years. All these years Valentina Mikhailovna has been working as the head of the library. He is a man of a kind soul, a great connoisseur of the history of the village, its ardent patriot, a very caring person. She always helps the reader to find the book he is interested in. He always does it with a smile, kindly:

“The library is my second home. At home, I constantly think and worry about my readers, about my library. Readers have become dear to me over the years of our acquaintance. Children come, grow up, then get married, get married, become parents. They bring their children and grandchildren to the library. So it turns out that I am aware of all the events in the life of our village. They come to the library for a book, and some just with their problems: one needs to be reassured, the second should be advised something, and the next one should be simply listened to. But all the same, the crown of all this will be the book that the reader will receive from my hands. "

Library today. Readers and Foundations.

Today our library is used by 468 people - from young preschoolers to the elderly. Most of the readers are children of preschool and school age (180 people). The share of the non-working population among the readers (140 people) is high. The head of the library, Valentina Mikhailovna, tries to make sure that everyone finds what interests him on the shelves and goes home with the necessary book or information.

Now the fund of the rural library has about 5 thousand various books, which are read by both indigenous people and visitors. The contingent of readers is diverse: teachers, educators, workers, schoolchildren, housewives, etc. But for all the years of the library's existence, the largest number of books and readers was in the 1970s - 80s.

Chronicle

Recently, there has been a tendency towards an increase in new receipts of fiction through funding from the regional budget, sponsorship, and readers are accommodating - they bring books from their own collections as a gift. The action "Give a book to the library" was attended by: entrepreneurs Zdanovich S.A (250 books), Naumov Yu.M (100 books), school workers Chernysheva I.N., Kuznetsova G.N., Shirenko M.V., Volkova N.D. other. The librarian, knowing the interests and tastes of his readers, visits the central library whenever possible, collects packs of books and takes them to their native village, tries to prevent its readers from feeling disadvantaged.

Unfortunately, the number of periodicals subscribed to by the library is decreasing.

Comparative table of names of newspapers and magazines in different years.

It follows from the table that the number of newspapers and magazines received by the library has decreased three times over 20 years. An analysis of the acquisition of rural libraries with periodicals showed that rural libraries subscribe to one central, one regional and two local newspapers. Of the magazines, only for children, which does not meet the reader's demand.

Areas of work of the rural library.

The study of the activities of rural libraries shows that the following areas of their work are the most widespread and in demand today:

Formation of information culture among readers and attracting them to reading;

Local history work.

Forming an information culture among readers and attracting them to reading is one of the main tasks of any library. This work is attended by children of senior and preparatory kindergarten groups, and first grade students attend library lessons.

Bystryanskaya Rural Library tries to be attractive to different categories of readers and meets the needs of children, young people and the elderly. The library has to provide residents with everyday assistance in solving everyday, everyday problems, organize leisure activities, including children's and family ones, engage in educational activities, work with socially unprotected segments of the population.

Another area of ​​the rural library - the study of the history of their settlement - is conducted by almost every rural library. It is the rural library that becomes the collector, custodian and conductor of cultural traditions. In her daily work, she solves many problems: preserves and transfers cultural traditions in time and space, providing the memory of generations; forms the moral attitudes of young people, creates a special cultural, educational and intellectual environment in society.

The Bystryanskaya Rural Library is doing very serious work on the study of its small homeland. People want to feel themselves the true masters of the village, to know their history, to preserve national - aesthetic, natural - geographic, cultural - historical, linguistic traditions, etc.

The library contained documents, photographs, diaries, letters, memoirs of fellow countrymen, videos, a bank of information about the creative personalities of the village: poets, artists, folk craftsmen.

Educational activity in the field of local history finds expression in various forms: the creation of a club, organization of local history corners at the library, discussion of local history books, evenings of meetings with writers, local history, interesting people, fellow countrymen who have reached certain heights in life, as well as holding quizzes, competitions the best connoisseur of the region, the game - travel, local history readings, village holidays, etc.

The Rodnaya Zemlya club was organized in 1990 at the village library. The head of the club is the head of the rural library, a great connoisseur of the history of the village, Valentina Mikhailovna Kalinichenko. She devotes a lot of time and effort to this interesting work.

Over the years of the club's existence, a huge amount of material has been collected, Valentina Mikhailovna spent many hours in the archive, studying historical documents, arranging exhibitions.

Students of the school are Valentina Mikhailovna's permanent assistants. The guys worked out with Valentina Mikhailovna the charter of the club, defined the goals and objectives. A lot of propaganda work is being done. Members of the club prepared and conducted conversations: "The history of the village Bystraya", "The first inhabitants of the village - settlers - Old Believers", "Traditions and way of life of Old Believers", "Historical and memorable places of our village."The local history club held wonderful holidays dedicated to the anniversary of the village Bystraya, the anniversary of the village club. V.M. Kalinichenko constantly conduct local history lessons at school, fostering in children love and respect for those people next to whom they live, as well as fostering their self-esteem, as the Vlast Truda newspaper has repeatedly written about. In 2005, the local history club "Rodnaya Zemlya" took part in the state grant program "Social partnership for the sake of development" with the project "The Tale of the Bystryanskaya land". As a result of this competition, the club received a council certificate for regional social grants and 25 thousand rubles. which purchased a camcorder, TV, video player and digital camera.

In the village, the library plays an important role as a publicly accessible center of culture, education, information, although we see a lot of problems associated with the need to modernize and increase funding for the institution.

Valentina Mikhailovna Kalinichenko

Head of the Bystryanskaya Settlement Library

Viidistrict scientific and practical conference of schoolchildren

Yashkinsky municipal district

"Discoveries of young researchers"

Section: primary classes

"The role of the library in the life of the village"

2nd grade student

MBOU "Krasnoselskaya OOSh",

08.05.2007 year of birth

st. Mira, 2-2; Tel. 89235083655

Supervisor:

Barinova Polina Vladimirovna,

primary school teacher

MBOU "Krasnoselskaya OOSh"

Address: 652040, Krasnoselka village,

st. Harvest, 5, tel. 89617339437

Yashkino 2016

Content

Introduction …………………………………………………………………… 3

Main part

Chapter 1. Historical background ………………………………………… .5

Chapter 2. Studying the work of the Krasnoselskaya rural library ... ... 6

Chapter 3. The role of the library in the life of the village Krasnoselka ……………… ... 7

Conclusion …………………………………………………………… .... 9

References ……………………………………………………… ..10

Appendices ……………………………………………………………… ..11

Introduction

In the age of the Internet and progress

My friend, please don't forget
That a library instead of stress

Visit her more often!

And who is far from the city

Lives in the village and will live.

You know that knowledge in the library

You can get different ones!

Hello, my name is Amina. I live in the small village of Krasnoselka, Yashkinsky District. In 2015, our village celebrated its 355th anniversary. The approximate number of the village is 850 people. Our village has a library, which can be visited by all residents of the village. I really like to read, so I have been going to the library since I was 5 years old.My favorite works are "The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish" (A.S. Pushkin), "The Adventures of Buratino" (A.N. Tolstoy).I also really like to read encyclopedias and books about flowers, for example: "The Life of Plants".

Now I am in school, in the 2nd grade. I began to go to the library more and more often, because our teacher Polina Vladimirovna asks us search and creative tasks. ANDI visit our library with pleasure, because I know that there I will find useful and necessary information.

And then, one day, the thought struck me, how many rural libraries exist in the Yashkinsky district. How many residents visit them and why? And what role does the village library play in the life of the village?

When I started asking questions on this topic to my parents, teacher, library workers, we got a research work: "The role of the library in the life of my village."

Object this research is the Krasnoselskaya rural library.

Subject of study - a rural library as an information, cultural and educational center of the village.

Target of this work: to study the role of the rural library in the life of the village.

Research objectives :

Find out how many rural libraries are functioning in the Yashkinsky district, and how many people visit them;

O to define the tasks and identify the main directions of activity of the Krasnoselskaya rural library of the Yashkinsky district;

Understand whether libraries play an important role in the life of the village;

4) Find out whether our library is an information, cultural and educational center of the village.

To solve the set tasks, the following were usedmethods:

Study, analysis of literature and Internet sources on the research problem;

Observation and study of the work of the Krasnoselskaya rural library of the Yashkinsky municipal district;

Cooperation with the heads of libraries of the Yashkinsky district,interviewing librarians;

Readers' survey;

Interviewing the villagers;

Systematization of the information received and the formulation of conclusions.

Chapter 1. Historical background

The greatest treasure is a good library.

V. Belinsky

First there was the word. But it acquired its true power only with the appearance of the book.

The book has played and continues to play a fundamental role in the development of our civilization. The gigantic library accumulated over the centuries is a reliable memory of mankind, where its accomplishments and dreams, insights and delusions are captured. The library was created on stone and metal, clay tablets and wooden planks andpaper - the material and manufacturing method changed, but its purpose remained unchanged:serve to preserve and transfer knowledge, experience, artistic values.

Library (from the Greek biblion - a book and theke - a repository, container, box. A library is an institution that organizes collection, storage, public use. They began their development in the 15th century, after the invention of printing.

There are various opinions and statements of famous people about libraries. To get to know them, we turned to the Internet. It turns out that there are a lot of such statements. They are all very interesting and educational. (Appendix 1) We especially liked the statement very muchGottfried Wilhelm Leibnizi:

"Libraries - these are the treasuries of all the riches of the human spirit. "Indeed,the book has always been considered a source of knowledge and wisdom.It can be concluded that famous people consider the library to be a sacred place.

On the internet welearned that there are more than 100 thousand rural libraries in Russia, among themabout 67 thousand school students.But libraries serve more than 40 million inhabitants.

If we consider our Yashkinsky district, then it includes 11 rural settlements, which include 53 settlements, of which only 25 settlements have libraries. In total, 15,224 people visit libraries in the Yashkinsky district, if this is translated into percentages, then the percentage of the population visiting libraries is 52%. A total of 29 thousand people live in our area. It can be concluded that half of the population is not interested in going to the library.

Chapter 2. Studying the work of the Krasnoselskaya rural library

In the course of studying the work, we talked with the head of the library, Valentina Ivanovna Khokhryakova. Valentina Ivanovna has been working in the library for 22 years. We learned from her that the village was formed in 1660, but the library itself was formed on November 1, 1922, that is, it turns out that the library has been functioning for 94 years.

Over the years, the library has collected 7,500 thousand books, 511 readers recorded in the library can take and read books on various topics, and 119 of them are children.Valentina Ivanovna introduced us to the tasks and main activities of the Krasnoselskaya rural library of the Yashkinsky district:

Promotion of books and reading among the population and increasing the level of readership.

Promotion of literature.

Dissemination of local history knowledge and education among readers of interest in the history of their small homeland.

Fostering a respectful attitude towards the surrounding world.

Instilling interest in a healthy lifestyle.

Meeting key performance benchmarks and attracting new readers to the library.

We decided to analyze the interest of readers over the last 6 years of the library's work, has it increased or decreased? To do this, we learned the data of visits to the library from 2010 to 2015. We entered these data into the table. (Appendix 2) A diagram was built on the basis of this table. (Appendix 3) The table and diagram show that the lowest reader interest was in 2015, as 507 readers visited the library. But from 2010 to 2014, the attendance level has not changed. If we consider the ratio of children and adults, then we can conclude that most often adults come to the library.

The books in our library are arranged according to thematic sections. For example: "Fairy Tales", "Russian Literature", "Foreign Literature", "Technics", "Mathematics", etc. The sections of the book are arranged alphabetically: from A to Z.A huge number of periodicals (newspapers and magazines for adults and children) are published in the world. In our library, children can read magazines such as:"Geolenok", "Toshka", "Fidget". And adults, for example: "Everything for women", "Behind the wheel", "The magician". In addition to magazines, there are newspaper editions: "Yashkinsky Vestnik" and "Yashkino".

It is interesting for us to go to the library, because there is a special “bookish” atmosphere there. You can read interesting books in the library. Find many educational books on any topic.

Chapter 3. "The role of the library in the life of the village Krasnoselka"

To answer the task: "What role does the library play in the life of our village?" Alexander Nikolaevich kindly agreed to give us an interview (Video). We invite you to review this interview. Attention to the screen. After listening to the interview, we can conclude:

In the course of our work, in order to obtain more detailed information, we conducted a survey among the readers on the basis of the Krasnoselskaya basic school and the inhabitants of the village.

During the questionnaire and survey, we asked only four questions:

Do you visit our library?

How often do you read books?

Have you, or your friends, taken part in the preparation and conduct of these events?

Do you attend events hosted by the library?

The guys from our school, among whom we conducted a survey, really wanted to help us and honestly answered the questions in our questionnaire. 79 students were interviewed.

We conducted a survey of the villagers on the street, together with the class teacher Polina Vladimirovna Barinova. When we approached the villagers with our questions, we were a little uncomfortable whether they would want to answer our questions and how they would react to it, but it turned out that friendly people live in our village. A total of 90 people were interviewed. Everyone answered our questions with interest.

We entered the processed data of 169 respondents into the table. (Appendix 4) The table shows thatregardless of age, the library in the countryside is a cultural center of various events, of course, reading books is interesting for only 41% of the surveyed population, while the rest prefer the Internet and television.

But how can you motivate the villagers to visit the library more often? For this we decided to make booklets with information about the importance and necessity of the book in human life.Also, these booklets contain a plan of activities that will take place in the library. All residents of the village can attend these events.

Conclusion

From this work, conclusions can be drawn:

Yashkinsky district includes 53 settlements, of which only 25 have libraries. In total, 52% visit libraries in the Yashkinsky district. residents.

The library in the village of Krasnoselka is visited by 60% of all residents.

In order to increase interest in reading, we have developed booklets that tell about 10 reasons for the benefits of reading, as well as a plan of activities in the library for the near future. We think that by these actions we will be able to interest the villagers.

The results of the questionnaire and survey showed that the Krasnoselskaya rural library of the Yashkinsky municipal district is the informational, cultural and educational center of the village. The library is needed for children and adults to read. The library is not only a repository of books, but also a place for recreation and meetings of fellow villagers.

In our libraryare usedinformation technology such as a computer with Internet access and a projector.

The library hosts very interesting and informative holidays, which are attended not only by children, but also by adults.

We see that the workers of the rural librarytake care of the development of the younger generation and people in need of socio-cultural support. Our research work answered the main question of interest to us: “Whatdoes the library play a role in the life of the village?The answer is simple: the library plays an important role in the life of the village, it is necessary for the development of personality, both for a child and an adult.

Bibliography

Library items [site]Url: http://biblioshtuchki.jimdo.com/quotes--book-library-culture/(date of access: 25.11.2015)

Vinogradova L.A. The history of book business in Russia (988-1917): Textbook. // Ed. A.A. Govorov. Moscow: MPI, 2005.100 p.

Live for centuries, dear village! // Yashkinsky Bulletin No. 32 dated 08/19/2015. pp. 5-6.

Fulldictionaryforeignwords, includedvusevRussianlanguage.- PopovM., 1907 . [site]Url: http://www.inslov.ru/html-komlev/b/biblioteka.html (date of access: 23.01.2016)

R The role and place of libraries in the life of society[site] UR:

The most tangible in the 1990s. there were changes in the activities of the former state mass, and now - municipal public libraries. Libraries strengthen their focus on the interests of their region and its inhabitants, strive to maximize their specific needs, establish contacts with the local administration, which contributes to raising their status at the municipal level.

Today, the most typical tendency is to close small libraries or to merge them into larger ones. 1970-1980 public libraries were united on a territorial (local) basis into centralized library systems (CLS), which have survived to this day. They function most successfully as municipal public library systems in Russian cities. These systems are headed by city public libraries, which are municipal property, carrying out methodological and coordinating functions in relation to them. In Russia, a system of municipal library networks with branches close to the place of residence is preserved.

Profiling of CLS branches is carried out according to different criteria. In some cases, they reflect the needs of a certain part of the region in obtaining this or that type of information, for example, a business library. In other cases, the library focuses on specific user groups, such as a youth center. Of particular note is the trend towards family reading libraries.

Today in Russia there are more than thirty-nine thousand rural libraries (70% of all municipal), which are used by 34.8% of the total number of readers of all libraries in the country.

In fact, the library is today the only free source of culture and information available to the villager.

Like many years ago, publicly available, and now municipal libraries help with their specific means the formation and development of the social environment within which they live (and local education authorities, and the local community, and authorities, and production, etc.).

The rural library is today a link with the system of libraries of the region, region, country, finally, the world, helping local residents to overcome information and psychological isolation.

The main directions of work of the rural library, as well as the forms of providing information and the range of services are determined by priority groups of users, their information needs, as well as the needs of local governments. The most common and in demand today are such areas of work as:

Student youth help;

Legal informing of the population;

Local history.

The most important goals of the library in the countryside are:

· Understanding the role of the library in the countryside, as the most important cultural, spiritual and social institution of society, which provides valuable information. Library

it is necessary to declare your claims - to be the main center of the village and back up your claims with actions. The higher the level of claims, the higher the chances of success. Each event within the walls of the library should work on the image of the library and increase the chances of success, receiving additional funds from the authorities and sponsors.

· Systematic work with sponsors. Develop a detailed program for working with sponsors.

· Sincere thanks to those who help the library. Plan your thanksgiving system in a variety of ways, such as: a thank you letter; advertising donations; assignment of a sponsor's name to an exhibition, department; photo of the sponsor in the newspaper and much more.

· Develop a program of close communication with the public and local authorities. The most important element of this program should be official support in justifying the specific benefits of the proposed program for a group of people, a specific organization, etc.

Insufficient budgetary funding sets the library the task of attracting extra-budgetary funds, the main source of which is paid services (services). The basis for the introduction of a paid service is the current legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as:

Library Charter and Regulations;

Terms of use;

Regulations on information services related to the main activity of the library, agreement with the founders and approved Price lists. The funds received from paid services are used to purchase new books for the library.

The library acts as a connecting link that unites the tasks and functions of the information, cultural and educational spheres. And this reveals the uniqueness and complexity of library and bibliographic activities.

Outwardly, that is, in the perspective in which the work of the library is open and understandable to prying eyes, its mission and social role are not fully accepted by the community of the village. As a rule, readers do not realize, and librarians do not know how or do not consider it necessary to show that the provision of the necessary information in response to a request is only a small part of the "library iceberg". In the "underwater" part, there are such processes as the clarification of the reader's requests in situations when people, faced with new tasks for themselves, cannot accurately express their own needs; preservation of information to ensure the possibility of its repeated and multipurpose use.

As a result, a stereotype of the simplicity of library work is being formed in the public mind. And in the countryside, where the number of refusals to readers is much high, the prevailing opinion is that the librarian does nothing at all.

In response to this opinion, due to the scarcity of collection of rural libraries, librarians are trying to find an alternative solution to their problems. They compensate for the scarcity of the fund by access to the funds of other libraries, larger ones - regional, regional.

However, due to the lack of modern technologies, such as electronic delivery of documents (only about 300 rural libraries have a computer and only 4 (!) In 1999 had access to the Internet). MBA does not work as efficiently.

It is obvious that only having a well-stocked modern fund, and also having the opportunity to use the funds of other, larger or specialized collections in one form or another, the rural library will be able to fully fulfill its functions.

Thus, a rural library in modern conditions will:

1. Expand the content and type of their funds, taking into account changes in consumer demand. To increase the share of reference publications (encyclopedias, dictionaries), bibliographic aids of a universal and thematic nature, sources of business, commercial and financial information.

2. To improve the quality of the reference apparatus (catalogs, card files) as a source of bibliographic and factual information. More and more often, a librarian is required to be able to verify the authenticity of information reflected in printed materials, to choose the correct and economical search paths, and to develop algorithms for bibliographic and factual search.

3. Expand the forms of information services and make them available to consumers.

Accordingly, one of the main tasks of a rural library is to accumulate, process and promptly bring to its readers information that provides specific factual information or has a conceptual nature.

I.A. Nesterova The role of the rural library // Encyclopedia of the Nesterovs

The uniqueness of the role of rural libraries in the public life of the country is emphasized by the complication of the tasks of information and library activities, which predetermines the need to develop new approaches to library management. The previous methods of managing this sphere, initially aimed at solving the problems of its survival, are no longer effective. In recent years, the increasing role of rural libraries in the life of the local community has been noted.

Rural library activities

The successful solution of the problems of building a welfare state, the formation of a regional socio-cultural space requires the active participation of libraries in these processes. Hence the need to study the features of the activities of rural libraries in modern Russian conditions.

The library today is an informational, cultural, educational, educational institution that organizes the public use of printed publications. The library provides villagers with free access to information and knowledge. In serving citizens, the library uses traditional and latest information technologies, document collections and modern media, provides access to the global information space, and contributes to the formation of an information society. The library cares about the development of the younger generation and about people in need of socio-cultural support.

However, in recent years there has been a sad tendency according to which the number of libraries in Russia is annually reduced by about a thousand, today their number does not exceed 39 thousand.

Today we are increasingly talking about a rural library as an institution that performs social functions, works with groups of people in need of social support: war and labor veterans, the disabled, the unemployed.

In their activities, rural libraries rely on federal and local regulations.

• Civil Code of the Russian Federation
• "Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on culture"
• The Model Standard for the Public Library
• Federal Law N 78-FZ "On Librarianship"
• Federal Law "On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection"
• Federal Law "On Non-Profit Organizations"
• Decrees, orders and other normative legal acts regulating the activities of libraries in a certain territory.

The activity of rural libraries is carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Law No. 78-FZ "On librarianship". According to this law, rural libraries serve users in accordance with their charters, library use rules and current legislation.

The law clearly regulates the inadmissibility of state or other censorship, which could limit the rights of library users to free access to library funds, as well as the use of information about library users and readers' requests. However, the exception is those cases when information is used for scientific purposes and the organization of library services.

In addition, the law insists that all libraries, including rural ones, which are fully or partially funded by the budget, must reflect the ideological and political diversity that has developed in society.

If there are book monuments in the library funds, then the institution is obliged to ensure their safety and is responsible for the timely submission of information about them for registration in the register of book monuments.

Currently, libraries in rural areas have become not only centers of reading and communication, but also "centers of attraction" for enthusiastic and curious people, local authors - writers and needlewomen - masters of applied art.

The role of the rural library in the life of the local community

In recent years, debates about the future fate of libraries have not subsided due to the drop in attendance. Reform advocates have proposed increasing the popularity of libraries through entertainment, but this position has been criticized by experts and the public, who insist that libraries should maintain a cultural and educational function and argue that transferring libraries to the commercial and entertainment sector will destroy the very essence of libraries as places for cultural development and co-creation.

The public partially succeeded in defending the role of libraries as collectors and custodians of heritage, and in January 2015, the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation adopted a Model Standard for the Activities of a Public Library, in which the cultural, educational and educational function was spelled out.

However, one should not forget that libraries are the oldest institution in society, performing a wide range of diverse functions and playing a huge role in the life of society. Nowadays, the library is a social institution that plays a huge role in the life of people, especially in remote corners of our country and in villages. A modern library includes informational and cultural components.

A.I. Ostapov and A.L. Goncharov highlight the key elements of librarianship presented by different authors and on which the role of libraries in society is based:

• structural and functional: the library represents a "documentary resource", not an informational one;
• cognitive: the subject of librarians' work is "knowledge";
• informational.

Thus, there is a wide range of opinions about the role of libraries in the modern world. The interest in this problem is very great, as evidenced by the huge number of articles and other printed works on this topic.

Libraries are centers of historical and spiritual memory, cultural, local history and educational centers. The upbringing of patriotism, love for one's country is impossible if the child does not know the history of his family, his surname, his small homeland.

In recent years, close attention has been paid to the formation of ecological culture. Therefore, one of the areas of work of rural libraries has become environmental education and education, the formation of an active civil position of each person in the protection of nature. The funds of ecological literature are completed and constantly replenished, ecological clubs and circles for children, club associations for an adult audience are organized. Thus, librarians perform important tasks:

• the formation of interest in the world around and the desire to protect nature;
• overcoming the consumer attitude to nature;
• popularization of a healthy lifestyle;
• education of love for nature.

A special category of readers of rural libraries are disabled people, they receive increased attention. Librarians, using all possible forms of work, try to support these categories of the population, help them adapt in society, and not feel lonely. Against the backdrop of numerous problems in the Russian countryside, such assistance is relevant and timely.

There are many unemployed among the inhabitants of modern villages, both among people of pre-retirement age and among young people. Libraries, relying on their potential, provide them with useful information about educational opportunities, retraining, and the availability of jobs both in the district and in the province.

In recent years, the status of not only an educational, informational and cultural, but also a social institution has been increasingly assigned to the rural library. Social partnership is a guarantee of the implementation of one of the priority directions in the library's work: "Cultural and leisure activities of the elderly."

The role of the book in the spiritual and moral education and formation of a person is invaluable. There is an undeniable need from childhood to instill a love for the book, for constant communication with the knowledge accumulated by mankind through reading.

A reading child is a hope for the future of Russian culture. In a few years, it will depend on him what place and what role the book will take in society.

Through their activities, rural libraries help people to learn about the past of their territory, to appreciate the present day, and not to lose the connection of times.

Improving the activities of the rural library

The library in the countryside is not only the center of cultural life, but also the center of communication between villagers. People come here for spiritual food, advice, and usefully spend their free time.

Preference should be given to interactive views that involve interaction between the librarian and the user. In working with young people, it is important to use playful forms that help convey the idea of ​​the important role of books, reading, libraries for the intellectual and moral development of a person.

It is the interaction of rural libraries with the latest technologies that is an indicator of the successful development of the library and the level of its promotion of literature "to the people". Today, no major library event should do without multimedia resources. We recommend using DVDs, slide presentations, music CDs, various types of information from various sources, including the global Internet. This form of presenting information is of great interest to a wide variety of people, enhances the nature of its psychological perception, the depth of assimilation, and ensures active interaction. All this helps to fulfill the tasks of promoting the book and reading.

It should be remembered that regardless of the form of work, subject matter, a book and reading should always be at the center of any event, even if it is a purely entertainment activity. The event should be exciting, which depends on the forms of presentation of the material, the activity of the participants.

However, the informatization of library processes requires a developed material base: computers, scanners, printers, presentation equipment, digital video equipment.

In recent years, the role and importance of leisure activities has increased in the work of any rural library. Readers' evenings and interest clubs are in demand among the library's cultural and leisure programs.

All rural libraries should have stands with collections of normative and legal information relevant to the villagers. To increase the popularity and role of the rural library, special attention should be paid to the development of family reading traditions. It is recommended to implement family reading programs with different topics. For example: "Adults read to children, children read to adults", "Take a book to the family circle", "A modern family chooses a book", "We are friends with a book with the whole family." Thanks to this, the librarian will be able to involve adults in active cooperation in terms of instilling and supporting their children and grandchildren's interest in books and reading, through joint activities, he will help to educate and develop a child through literature.

Within the framework of the state program of the accessible environment, it is recommended to conduct activities in conjunction with the KFOR focused on people with disabilities. It is necessary to provide all possible help to those in need through spiritual enrichment and healing. The events from the series "Through the book - to goodness and light", "I am a little bit without friends" will help in this.

All forms of support for the book should be made public and public, and community-wide events should be organized to raise the status of reading and the library.

The advancement of the library and reading is not possible without examining the reading situation. Libraries should use the basic methods of obtaining information: individual and group surveys, questionnaires. Sociological research is carried out both within the walls of the library and outside it. For example, residents' surveys can be part of city events. The research will make it possible to find out the attitude of the population to the library and reading, to determine the reasons for the decline in interest in reading, to identify the information needs and reading preferences of various age groups of users, to determine the ways to improve the work on attracting the population to reading. Approximate topics of sociological research: "Let's talk about reading", "What does reading mean in your life", "A modern reader. What is he like?" "Fiction: what the province reads". Rating polls for the best book, the most favorite book can become popular.

Literature

1. Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation: about a thousand libraries are closed every year in Russia // URL: http://special.tass.ru/kultura/3328627
2. Federal Law "On librarianship" dated December 29, 1994 N 78-FZ // Reference legal system Garant
3. Verina T.V. On the experience of libraries working according to the "model activity standard" // Official resource of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation URL: http://mincult12.ru ›sites / default / files / doc / plan ... 8) .docx
4. Informatization of rural libraries: problems and ways to solve them (based on the materials of the libraries of the Verkhneketsky, Teguldetsky and Chainsky districts of the Tomsk region) // Bulletin of the Tomsk State University. Culturology and Art Studies Issue No. 2 (14) / 2014. P. 54-62
5. Kuzoro K.A. Directions of social work of rural libraries of the Tomsk region // Vestnik TSU. - 2013. - No. 3. - S. 41-45.
6. Melent'eva Yu.P. Rural library and its reader in the modern socio-cultural space of the village: scientific-practical. allowance / Yu.P. Melentyev. - M .: Litera, 2009.
7. G.P. Fonotov Organizer and theorist of librarianship // Bulletin of the Library Assembly of Eurasia. - 2004. - N 2. - S. - 84