The origin and social position of the mtsyri quotes. M.Yu

Once a Russian general

I passed from the mountains to Tiflis;

He was carrying a prisoner child.

These well-known lines begin the story of Mtsyri, a captive highlander who has become a symbol of a free and rebellious spirit. In a few lines, Lermontov describes his childhood and youth. The captive Mtsyri was taken from his native mountains to Russia, but on the way he fell ill. One of the monks took pity on Mtsyri, gave him shelter, cured and raised him. Already this concise narration of the past allows us to understand much in the character of the hero. Serious illness and trials developed a "mighty spirit" in the child. He grew up unsociable, without communication with peers, never complaining about fate, but also not trusting his dreams to anyone. So from childhood, two main motives are traced that are important for the characteristics of Mtsyri: the motive of a strong spirit and at the same time a weak body.
The hero is "weak and flexible like a reed", but he endures his sufferings proudly, it is amazing that "even a faint moan / From children's lips did not fly out."

Time passes, Mtsyri grows up and is going to accept his new destiny. The monks are preparing him for tonsure. In this stanza, Lermontov says a very important thing for understanding the hero: "... he is used to captivity." Mtsyri really looks resigned, he learned a foreign language, absorbed foreign - monastic traditions, and intends to take a vow of humility and obedience. But it is not at all true humility that speaks here in Mtsyri, but only ignorance of another life: "I am not familiar with the noisy light." It takes a push to awaken it, and here comes the storm. On a stormy night, while the monks tremble at the altars, fearing the wrath of God, Mtsyri leaves his dungeon. This is how the hero's spiritual rebirth takes place, so he releases that passion, that fire, which, as he himself later admits, “from his youthful days, / Hiding, lived in my chest”. And now the characterization of the main character Lermontov Mtsyri is the characterization of the rebel hero who dared to rebel against the familiar society, the customary world order.

The subsequent lines of the poem tell us exactly about this Mtsyri, about Mtsyri freed.
He found himself free, and everything here is new to him. Mtsyri reacts to the wild, untouched Caucasian region around him in the way that only a completely natural person can react. He deeply experiences the beauty of the world around him. The trees crowding as if in a dance, the dew on the leaves, reminiscent of tears, the golden shadow of midday - nothing escapes his attentive gaze. Let's pay attention to how many diminutive words are used by Mtsyri to describe nature: "cloud", "smoke", "light". With "eyes and soul" he drowns in the blue of the sky, finding in this a calmness, which he did not know in the monastery walls. In these scenes, Lermontov shows that Mtsyri is accessible to all human feelings. He is not only the wild mountaineer that the monks believed him to be. Both the poet and the philosopher are hidden in his soul, but these feelings can manifest themselves only in freedom. He also knows love, love for his homeland and lost loved ones. Mtsyri experiences memories of his father and sisters as something sacred and precious. Mtsyri also meets a girl, a young Georgian woman, who has gone down to fetch water. Her beauty shocks the hero, and, experiencing a meeting with her first in reality, and then in a dream, he languishes in "sweet longing." It is possible that Mtsyri could be happy in love, but he cannot give up on his goal. The way to his homeland calls him, and Mtsyri continues on his way to the Caucasus.

Characteristics of the main character Mtsyri - briefly about the hero of Lermontov for an essay on the topic |

The answer left the guest

The author interprets the image of the protagonist of a romantic poem in an unusual way. Mtsyri is devoid of external signs of exclusivity; this is a weak youth. The halo of enigma and mystery, the titanic individualistic traits characteristic of a romantic hero, is absent in him. The very confession of the hero helps him to convey the slightest emotional movement as accurately as possible. He not only talks about his actions and deeds, but also motivates them. Mtsyri wants to be understood, heard. Talking about his motives, intentions, desires, successes and failures, he is equally honest and sincere in front of himself. Mtsyri is confessed not in order to relieve the soul or remove the sin for his escape, but in order to relive the three blissful days of life in freedom:
You wanna know what i did
In the wild? Lived - and my life
Without these three blissful days
It would be sadder and darker
Your impotent old age.
But romantic poems are characterized by the presence of an exceptional, contradictory personality, whose attitude to the world around him is ambiguous. The exclusivity and strength of Mtsyri are expressed in the goals that he sets for himself:
Long ago I thought
Take a look at the distant fields
Find out if the land is beautiful
Find out for the will or the prison
We will be born into this world.
From childhood, being captured. Mtsyri could not come to terms with bondage, life among strangers. He yearns for his native aul, for communication with people close to him in customs, in spirit, strives to get to his homeland, where, in his opinion, “people are free like eagles” and where happiness and will await him:
I lived a little, and lived in captivity.
Such two lives in one,
But only full of anxiety
I would trade if I could.
I only knew the power of thought,
One - but fiery passion ...
Mtsyri runs not from his own environment to someone else's in the hope of finding will and tranquility, but breaks with the alien world of the monastery - a symbol of an unfree life in order to reach the edge of the fathers. Homeland for Mtsyri is a symbol of absolute freedom, he is ready to give everything in a few minutes of his life at home. Returning to his homeland is one of his goals, along with the knowledge of the world.
Throwing a challenge to fate itself, Mtsyri leaves the monastery on a terrible night when a storm broke out, but this does not frighten him. He, as it were, identifies himself with nature:
"Oh, as a brother, I would be glad to embrace with the storm."
During the “three blissful days” spent by Mtsyri in freedom, all the wealth of his nature was revealed: love for freedom, thirst for life and struggle, perseverance in achieving the set goal, unbending willpower, courage, contempt for danger, love for nature, understanding of its beauty and relics:
... Oh, I'm like a brother
Would be glad to hug with the storm!
With the eyes of the clouds I followed
I caught it with the hand of lightning ...
Exceptional traits The personality of the hero of romantic poems helps to reveal the presence of a love story in these poems. But Lermontov excludes this motive from the poem, since love could become an obstacle for the hero on the way to achieving his goal. Having met a young Georgian woman by the stream, Mtsyri is fascinated by her singing. He could follow her and connect with people. Finding himself in a situation that is very important for the romantic hero - in a situation of choice, Mtsyri does not change his goal: he wants to go to his homeland and, perhaps, find his father and mother. Having abandoned love, the hero preferred freedom to her.
And one more test had to pass Mtsyri - a fight with a leopard. He emerges victorious in this battle, but he is no longer destined to go to his homeland. He dies in a foreign country, with strangers. Mtsyri was defeated in a dispute with fate, but the three days he lived in freedom personify his life, if it had been in his homeland. The hero of Lermontov's poem finds the strength to admit defeat and die, not cursing anyone and realizing that the reason for the failure lies in himself. Mtsyri dies, making peace with the people around him, but freedom remained above all for him. Before his death, he asks to transfer him to the garden:
By the radiance of a blue day
I'll get drunk for the last time.
The Caucasus is also visible from there!
Perhaps he is from his heights
He will send me a farewell hello,
Will send with a cool breeze ...

For the hero, the monastery is a symbol of bondage, a prison with gloomy walls and "stuffy cells." Staying to live in a monastery meant for him to abandon his homeland and freedom forever, to be doomed to eternal slavery and loneliness. The author does not reveal the character of the boy, but gives only a few strokes of his behavior, and the personality of the captive-mountaineer looms clearly.
Mtsyri (translated from Georgian) is a non-serving monk, alien, foreigner, stranger. Mtsyri is a person who lives not according to the far-fetched laws of the state that suppress human freedom, but according to the natural laws of nature, which allow the individual to reveal himself, to realize his aspirations. But the hero is forced to live in captivity, within the walls of a monastery alien to him. Mtsyri's idea of ​​freedom is associated with the dream of returning to his homeland. To be free means for him to escape from the captivity of the monastery and return to his native village. In his soul there was always an image of an unknown, but desired “wonderful world of anxieties and battles.” The personality of Mtsyri, his character is revealed in what pictures attract the hero, and how he speaks about them. He is struck by the richness and brightness of nature, in sharp contrast to the monotony of the monastery's existence. And in the close attention with which the hero looks at the world around him, one can feel his love for life, the desire for everything beautiful in it, sympathy for all living things. Mtsyri's love for his homeland, which merged for the young man with a desire for freedom. In freedom, he learned the "bliss of freedom" and strengthened in his thirst for earthly happiness. Having lived for three days outside the walls of the monastery, Mtsyri realized that he was courageous and fearless. Mtsyri's “fiery passion” - love for his homeland - makes him purposeful and firm.
To live free for the main character means to be in constant search, anxiety, to fight and to win, and most importantly - to experience the bliss of “the freedom of the saint” - in these experiences the fiery character of Mtsyri is very vividly revealed. Only real life tests a person and shows what he is capable of. Mtsyri saw nature in its diversity, felt her life, experienced the joy of communicating with her. Yes, the world is beautiful! - this is the meaning of Mtsyri's story about what he saw. His monologue is a hymn to this world. And the fact that the world is beautiful, full of colors and sounds, full of joy, gives the hero an answer to the second question: why was man created, why does he live? Man was born for will, not for prison. The origins of the Mtsyri tragedy are in the conditions that surrounded the hero from childhood. The circumstances in which he found himself left their mark on him, making him a "dungeon flower", and led to the death of the hero. Such a defeat at the same time is a victory: life doomed Mtsyri to eternal slavery, humility, loneliness, and he managed to learn freedom, experience the happiness of struggle and the joy of merging with the world. Therefore, his death, with all the tragedy, makes us proud of Mtsyri and hatred of the conditions that deprive him of happiness.

The idea of ​​writing a romantic poem about the wanderings of a free mountaineer, doomed to monastic seclusion, arose in Lermontov on the threshold of his youth - at the age of 17.

This is evidenced by diary entries, sketches: a young man who grew up within the walls of the monastery and saw nothing but monastic books and silent novices, suddenly finds short-term freedom.

A new worldview is being formed ...

The history of the creation of the poem

In 1837, the 23-year-old poet finds himself in the Caucasus, which he fell in love with as a child (his grandmother took him to sanatorium treatment). In the fabulous Mtskheta, he met an old monk, the last minister of a no longer existing monastery, who told the poet the story of his life. At the age of seven, a mountaineer, a Muslim boy, was captured by a Russian general and taken away from his home. The boy was ill, so the general left him in one of the Christian monasteries, where the monks decided to raise their follower from a prisoner. The guy protested, ran away several times, in the course of one of the attempts he almost died. After another failed escape, he nevertheless took the rank, as he became attached to one of the old monks. The monk's story delighted Lermontov - after all, it strangely coincided with his long-standing poetic intentions.

At first, the poet titled the poem "Beri" (it is translated from Georgian as "monk"), but then he changed the name to "Mtsyri". This name symbolically merged the meanings "novice" and "alien", "foreigner".

The poem was written in August 1839, published in 1840. The poetic prerequisites for the creation of this poem were the poems "Confession" and "Boyar Orsha", in the new work Lermontov transferred the action to an exotic and therefore very romantic setting - to Georgia.

It is believed that in the description of the monastery by Lermontov, the description of the Mtskheta Cathedral of Svetitskhoveli, one of the most ancient shrines of Georgia, appears.

Initially, Lermontov intended to use the epigraph in French "There is only one homeland" for the poem. Then he changed his mind - the epigraph to the poem is a biblical quotation, translated from Church Slavonic, as "Having tasted, I tasted little honey - and, behold, I am dying." This is a reference to the biblical story of King Saul. The leader of the army, Saul admonished his warriors to battle. He threatened to execute anyone who took a break from battle to eat and recuperate. The king did not know that his own son would taste the forbidden honey and rush into battle. After a successful battle, the king decided to execute his son, for the edification of everyone, and the son was ready to accept the punishment ("I drank honey, now I must die"), but the people kept the king from reprisals. The meaning of the epigraph is that a rebellious person, free by nature, cannot be broken, no one has the right to dispose of his right to freedom, and if seclusion is inevitable, then death will become true freedom.

Analysis of the work

The plot, genre, theme and idea of ​​the poem

The plot of the poem almost coincides with the events outlined above, but it does not begin in chronological order, but is an excursion. A young man preparing to be tonsured a monk, during a storm, remains outside the walls of his monastery. Three days of freedom gave him life, but when they found him sick and wounded, he told the old monk what he had experienced. The young man realizes that he will certainly die, if only because after three days of freedom he will no longer be able to put up with his former life in the monastery. Unlike his prototype, Mtsyri, the hero of the poem, does not put up with monastic customs and dies.

Almost the entire poem is the confession of a young man to an old monk (this story can only be called a confession formally, since the young man's story is imbued not at all with a desire for repentance, but with a passion for life, a passionate desire for it). On the contrary, we can say that Mtsyri does not confess, but preaches, uplifting a new religion - freedom.

The main theme of the poem is considered to be the theme of rebellion both against formal seclusion and against an ordinary, boring, inactive life. The poem also raises topics:

• love for the motherland, the need for this love, the need for one's own history and family, for "roots";
• confrontation between the crowd and the seeker of a loner, misunderstanding between the hero and the crowd;
• the theme of freedom, struggle and heroism.

Initially, critics perceived "Mtsyri" as a revolutionary poem, a call to struggle. Then her idea was understood as loyalty to her ideology and the importance of maintaining this faith, despite a possible defeat in the struggle. Dreams of Mtsyri's homeland were viewed by critics as a need to join not only their lost family, but also as an opportunity to join the army of their people and fight with it, that is, to seek freedom for their homeland.

However, later critics saw more metaphysical meanings in the poem. The idea of ​​the poem is seen more broadly, as the image of the monastery is being revised. The monastery serves as a type of society. Living in society, a person puts up with certain frameworks, fetters for his own spirit, society poisons a natural person, which Mtsyri is. If the problem was the need to change the monastery to nature, then Mtsyri would be happy already outside the walls of the monastery, but outside the monastery he does not find happiness either. He is already poisoned by the influence of the monastery, and he has become a stranger in the natural world. Thus, the poem claims that the search for happiness is the most difficult path in life, where there are no prerequisites for happiness.

Genre, composition and conflict of the poem

The genre of the work is a poem, this genre most beloved by Lermontov, stands at the junction of poetry and epic and allows you to draw the hero in more detail than the lyrics, since it reflects not only the inner world, but also the actions and actions of the hero.

The composition of the poem is circular - the action begins in the monastery, takes the reader into the fragmentary childhood memories of the hero, into his three-day adventures and returns to the monastery again. The poem includes 26 chapters.

The conflict of the work is romantic, typical for a work in the genre of romanticism: the desire for freedom and the impossibility of obtaining it are opposed, the romantic hero is in search and the crowd, which prevents his search. The culmination of the poem is the moment of meeting a wild leopard and a duel with an animal, which fully reveals the inner strength of the hero, his character.

The hero of the poem

(Mtsyri tells his story to the monk)

There are only two heroes in the poem - Mtsyri and the monk, to whom he tells his story. However, we can say that the acting hero is only one, Mtsyri, and the second is silent and quiet, as befits a monk. In the image of Mtsyri, many contradictions converge that do not allow him to be happy: he is baptized, but a different religion; he is a monk, but rebellious; he is an orphan, but he has a home and parents, he is a "natural person", but does not find harmony with nature, he is one of the "humiliated and insulted", but inwardly is freest of all.

(Mtsyri alone with herself and nature)

This combination of the incongruous - touching lyricism in contemplating the beauties of nature with mighty strength, gentleness and firm intentions to escape - is what Mtsyri himself fully understands. He knows that there is no happiness for him either in the form of a monk or in the form of a fugitive; he understood this deep thought surprisingly precisely, although he is neither a philosopher, nor even a thinker. The last stage of protest does not allow one to come to terms with this thought, because chains and prison walls are alien to man, because he was created in order to strive for something.

Mtsyri dies, deliberately does not touch the food offered by the monk (he saves him the second time from death, and even is his baptist), he simply does not want to recover. He sees death as the only possible deliverance from the shackles of imposed religion, from someone who is passing without hesitation, wrote his fate. He looks into the eyes of death with courage - not in the way a Christian must humbly lower his eyes before it - and this is his last protest before the earth and Heaven.

Quotes

“Long ago I thought

Take a look at the distant fields

Find out if the land is beautiful

Find out for the will or the prison

We will be born into this world "

“What is the need? You lived, old man!
You have something in the world to forget. "

“And with this thought I will fall asleep
And I will not curse anyone. "

Artistic media and composition

In addition to the means of artistic expression typical of romantic works (epithets, comparisons, a large number of rhetorical questions and exclamations), poetic organization plays a role in the artistic originality of a work. The poem is written in 4-foot iambic, exclusively masculine rhyme is used. V.G. Belinsky, in his review of the poem, emphasized that this persistent iambic and masculine rhyme is like a mighty sword cutting down enemies. This technique allowed us to draw truly passionate and vivid images.

Mtsyri has become a source of inspiration for many poets and artists. They tried to put heroic themes into music more than once, since the poem became a real symbol of the ineradicable desire for freedom.

Characteristics plan
1. The life story of Mtsyri.
2. Reasons for flight.
3. Relationship with monks.
4. Attitude towards the world.
5. The regularity of fate. Description Mtsyri Mtsyri was a young man who was taken with him by a Russian general in one of the villages during the Caucasian War. Then he was about six years old. On the way, he fell ill and refused food. Then the general left him in the monastery. Once a Russian general
I passed from the mountains to Tiflis;
He was carrying a captive child.
He fell ill, could not bear
Works of a long way;
He was, it seemed, about six years old ...
... He was familiar with food rejected
And quietly, proudly dying.
Out of pity one monk
He looked after the sick ... The boy grew up in a monastery, but on the eve of taking a monastic vow, he suddenly fled in a severe thunderstorm. They found him three days later, dying, not far from the monastery. With great difficulty, I managed to get him to talk. ... I already wanted to be in my prime
Speak the monastic vow,
When suddenly one day he disappeared
On an autumn night.
Dark forest
Stretched around the mountains.
Three days all searches on it
Were in vain, but then
They found him unconscious in the steppe ...
He did not answer the questioning ...
... Then the monk came to him
With exhortation and supplication;
And, proudly listening, the patient
I got up, gathered the rest of my strength,
And for a long time he spoke like this ... Speaking about the reasons for flight, Mtsyri spoke about his young life, which was spent almost entirely in the monastery and all this time was perceived by him as a captivity. He did not want to completely transform it into the life of a monk: I lived a little, and lived in captivity. He strove to learn a free life, "Where rocks hide in the clouds, / Where people are free like eagles." He does not at all regret his deed; on the contrary, he regrets that he has had so little time to learn during these three days. The monks could not give him the human warmth and sympathy for which he so yearned and so longed for all these years. I couldn't tell anyone
The sacred words "father" and "mother".
I've seen others
Fatherland, home, friends, relatives,
But I didn’t find
Not only sweet souls - graves! He considered himself a "slave and an orphan" and reproached the monk for the fact that, willingly or unwillingly, the monks deprived him of a full life. You can get away from the world, having tasted it and got tired of it, but he had none of this. I'm young, young ...
Did you know
A rampant youth dream?
What is the need? You lived, old man!
You have something in the world to forget
You lived - I could also live! Mtsyri, breaking free, completely trusted the world that surrounded him, began to perceive him completely differently than in the monastery. Now he felt himself to be an organic part of it, included in the general whirlpool of events. He didn't even feel human. ... I myself, like a beast, was alien to people
And crawled and hid like a snake.
And all nature's voices
Merged here; did not sound
In the solemn hour of praise
Only a man's proud voice.
... Iya hung above the depth,
But youth free is strong
And death seemed not terrible! New impressions awakened in him a long-forgotten memory of the past, of childhood. He remembered his aul, relatives, and vaguely understood the direction in which to move.
He had a purpose. "And I remembered my father's house ..." But he avoided people and did not want their help. His unity with nature would be disrupted by human intervention, he completely surrendered to fate, even in its unfavorable manifestations. But believe me, human help
I didn't want to ...
I was a stranger
For them forever, like a steppe beast;
And if only a minute cry
Cheated on me - I swear old man
I would rip out my weak tongue. The duel with the leopard forced Mtsyri to strain all his remaining strength, and he also showed all the fickle nature of the wild. The wounded Mtsyri realized that his act was clearly doomed to failure: he compared himself to a dark flower caught in the sun's rays. But what then?
As soon as the dawn rose
The scorching ray burned her
A raised flower in prison ... But he does not at all repent of his deed; if he regrets it, it is that he did not make it to his homeland. He asks to bury him in the place where the peaks of the Caucasus can be seen.
The fate of Mtsyri is natural, because he rushed into the big world without any preparation, recognizing him in the course of his wandering. He protested against oppression of the individual, but his protest was chaotic, and his goals were illusory and ill-considered. He tried to lean on the wildlife within him, but the wilderness is dark and deadly, full of the game of blind chance. The tragedy of Mtsyri is a tragedy of spontaneous protest, a clear example for everyone who tries to rebel against the existing state of affairs without a clear understanding of why he is doing it. A clear understanding and awareness of their actions is the privilege of a person.