The problem of the importance of eyewitness memories for the preservation of history. EGE Russian language

THE PROBLEM OF STABILITY AND COURAGE OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY DURING MILITARY TESTS

1. In the novel by L.N. Tostogo "War and Peace" Andrei Bolkonsky convinces his friend Pierre Bezukhov that the battle is won by an army wishing to defeat the enemy by all means, and not having a better disposition. On the Borodino field, every Russian soldier fought desperately and selflessly, knowing that behind him is the ancient capital, the heart of Russia, Moscow.

2. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva "And the dawns here are quiet ..." Five young girls who opposed the German saboteurs died defending their homeland. Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Liza Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak could have survived, but they were sure that they had to fight to the end. The anti-aircraft gunners showed courage and endurance, showed themselves to be true patriots.

THE PROBLEM OF TENDERNESS

1. an example of sacrificial love is Jen Eyre, the heroine of the novel of the same name by Charlotte Brontë. Jen happily became the eyes and hands of the person most dear to her when he went blind.

2. In the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" Marya Bolkonskaya patiently endures her father's severity. She loves the old prince, despite his difficult character. The princess does not even think about the fact that her father is often overly demanding of her. Marya's love is sincere, pure, light.

THE PROBLEM OF PRESERVATION OF HONOR

1. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" for Pyotr Grinev was the most important life principle of honor. Even facing the threat of the death penalty, Peter, who had sworn allegiance to the empress, refused to recognize the sovereign in Pugachev. The hero understood that this decision could cost him his life, but a sense of duty prevailed over fear. Alexey Shvabrin, on the other hand, committed treason and lost his own dignity when he joined the camp of an impostor.

2. The problem of preserving honor is raised in the story of N.V. Gogol's "Taras Bulba". The two sons of the protagonist are completely different. Ostap is an honest and courageous person. He never betrayed his comrades and died like a hero. Andriy is a romantic person. For the sake of love for the Polish woman, he betrays his homeland. Personal interests are in the foreground. Andrii dies at the hands of his father, who could not forgive the betrayal. Thus, you should always be honest with yourself first.

THE PROBLEM OF COMMITTED LOVE

1. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" Pyotr Grinev and Masha Mironova love each other. Peter defends the honor of his beloved in a duel with Shvabrin, who insulted the girl. In turn, Masha saves Grinyov from exile when she “asks for mercy” from the Empress. Thus, mutual assistance is at the heart of the relationship between Masha and Peter.

2. Selfless love is one of the themes of M.A. Bulgakov's "The Master and Margarita". A woman is able to accept the interests and aspirations of her lover as her own, and helps him in everything. The master writes a novel - and this becomes the content of Margarita's life. She rewrites completely finished chapters, tries to keep the master calm and happy. In this, a woman sees her destiny.

THE PROBLEM OF REPENTANCE

1. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" shows the long road to repentance of Rodion Raskolnikov. Confident in the validity of his theory of "resolving blood according to conscience," the protagonist despises himself for his own weakness and does not realize the gravity of the crime. However, faith in God and love for Sonya Marmeladova lead Raskolnikov to repentance.

THE PROBLEM OF SEARCHING FOR THE MEANING OF LIFE IN THE MODERN WORLD

1. In the story of I.A. Bunin "Mr. from San Francisco" American millionaire served the "golden calf". The protagonist believed that the meaning of life lies in the accumulation of wealth. When the Lord died, it turned out that true happiness passed him by.

2. In Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, Natasha Rostova sees the meaning of family life, love for family and friends. After the wedding with Pierre Bezukhov, the main character refuses social life, completely devotes herself to the family. Natasha Rostova found her destiny in this world and became truly happy.

THE PROBLEM OF LITERARY ILLITERATION AND LOW LEVEL OF EDUCATION AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE

1. In "Letters about good and beautiful" D.S. Likhachev claims that a book teaches a person better than any work. The renowned scientist admires the book's ability to educate a person, to shape her inner world. Academician D.S. Likhachev comes to the conclusion that it is books that teach to think, make a person intelligent.

2. Ray Bradbury in the novel "Fahrenheit 451" shows what happened to humanity after all the books were completely destroyed. It may seem that in such a society there are no social problems. The answer lies in the fact that it is simply spiritless, since there is no literature that can make people analyze, think, and make decisions.

THE PROBLEM OF UPBRINGING CHILDREN

1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich grew up in an atmosphere of constant guardianship from parents and educators. As a child, the main character was an inquisitive and active child, but excessive concern led to the apathy and weakness of Oblomov in adulthood.

2. In the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" in the Rostov family, the spirit of mutual understanding, loyalty and love reigns. Thanks to this, Natasha, Nikolai and Petya became worthy people, inherited kindness and nobility. Thus, the conditions created by the Rostovs contributed to the harmonious development of their children.

THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF PROFESSIONALISM

1. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva "My horses are flying ..." Doctor of Smolensk Yanson works tirelessly. The main character hurries to help the sick in any weather. Thanks to his responsiveness and professionalism, Dr. Janson managed to win the love and respect of all residents of the city.

2.

THE PROBLEM OF A SOLDIER'S FATE IN THE WAR

1. The fate of the main heroines of the story by B.L. Vasilyeva "And the dawns here are quiet ...". Five young anti-aircraft gunners opposed the German saboteurs. The forces were not equal: all the girls were killed. Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Liza Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak could have survived, but they were sure that they had to fight to the end. The girls have become examples of perseverance and courage.

2. V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov" tells about two partisans who were captured by the Germans during the Great Patriotic War. The further fate of the soldiers was different. So Rybak betrayed his homeland and agreed to serve the Germans. Sotnikov refused to surrender and chose death.

THE PROBLEM OF EGOISM OF A MAN IN LOVE

1. In the story of N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba" Andriy, because of his love for the Pole, went over to the camp of the enemy, betrayed his brother, father, and homeland. The young man, without hesitation, decided to go out with arms against his yesterday's comrades. For Andriy, personal interests come first. A young man dies at the hands of his father, who could not forgive the betrayal and selfishness of his younger son.

2. It is unacceptable when love becomes an obsession, as in the case of the protagonist P. Zuskind "Perfume. The Story of a Murderer". Jean-Baptiste Grenouille is incapable of high feelings. All that is of interest to him is smells, the creation of a scent that inspires love for people. Grenouille is an example of an egoist who, in order to fulfill his meta, goes to the most serious crimes.

The problem of betrayal

1. In the novel by V.A. Kaverina "Two Captains" Romashov repeatedly betrayed the people around him. At school, Romashka overheard and reported to the head everything that was said about him. Later Romashov went so far as to collect information proving the guilt of Nikolai Antonovich in the death of the expedition of Captain Tatarinov. All Chamomile's actions are low, destroying not only his life but also the fate of other people.

2. Even deeper consequences are entailed by the action of the hero of the story by V.G. Rasputin "Live and Remember". Andrey Guskov deserts and becomes a traitor. This irreparable mistake not only condemns him to loneliness and expulsion from society, but also is the reason for the suicide of his wife Nastya.

THE PROBLEM OF APPEARANCE DECEPTION

1. In Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace", Helen Kuragin, despite her brilliant appearance and success in society, does not have a rich inner world. Her main priorities in life are money and fame. Thus, in the novel, this beauty is the embodiment of evil and spiritual fall.

2. In Victor Hugo's novel Notre Dame Cathedral, Quasimodo is a hunchback who has overcome many difficulties throughout his life. The appearance of the protagonist is completely unsightly, but behind it is a noble and beautiful soul, capable of sincerely love.

THE PROBLEM OF WAR TRAITING

1. In the story of V.G. Rasputin's "Live and Remember" Andrei Guskov deserts and becomes a traitor. At the beginning of the war, the main character fought honestly and courageously, went to reconnaissance, never hid behind the backs of his comrades. However, after a while Guskov wondered why he should fight. At that moment, selfishness prevailed, and Andrei made an irreparable mistake, which doomed him to loneliness, expulsion from society and became the reason for the suicide of his wife Nastena. The pangs of conscience tormented the hero, but he was no longer able to change anything.

2. In the story "Sotnikov" by V. Bykov, the partisan Rybak betrays his homeland and agrees to serve "Great Germany". His comrade Sotnikov, on the other hand, is an example of resilience. Despite the unbearable pain he experiences during the torture, the partisan refuses to tell the truth to the police. The fisherman realizes the baseness of his deed, wants to run, but realizes that there is no turning back.

THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF LOVE FOR THE MOTHERLAND ON CREATIVITY

1. Yu. Ya. Yakovlev in the story "Awakened by the Nightingales" writes about the difficult boy Selyuzhenka, whom the people around did not like. One night, the protagonist heard the trill of a nightingale. Wonderful sounds amazed the child, aroused interest in creativity. Selyuzhenok enrolled in an art school, and since then, the attitude of adults towards him has changed. The author convinces the reader that nature awakens the best qualities in the human soul, helps to reveal the creative potential.

2. Love for the native land is the main motive of the painter A.G. Venetsianov. A number of paintings dedicated to the life of ordinary peasants belong to his brush. "Reapers", "Zakharka", "Sleeping Shepherd" - these are my favorite canvases of the artist. The life of ordinary people, the beauty of the nature of Russia prompted A.G. Venetsianov to create paintings that have been attracting the attention of viewers with their freshness and sincerity for more than two centuries.

THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF CHILD'S MEMORIES ON HUMAN LIFE

1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" the main character considers childhood the happiest time. Ilya Ilyich grew up in an atmosphere of constant guardianship from his parents and educators. Excessive care became the reason for Oblomov's apathy in adulthood. It seemed that love for Olga Ilyinskaya was supposed to wake up Ilya Ilyich. However, his lifestyle remained unchanged, because the way of his native Oblomovka forever left a mark on the fate of the protagonist. Thus, childhood memories influenced the life of Ilya Ilyich.

2. In the poem "My Way" S.A. Yesenin admitted that his childhood years played an important role in his work. Sometime at the age of nine, the boy, inspired by the nature of his native village, wrote his first work. Thus, childhood predetermined the life path of S.A. Yesenin.

THE PROBLEM OF CHOOSING A LIFE PATH

1. The main theme of the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" - the fate of a man who failed to choose the right path in life. The writer emphasizes that apathy and inability to work turned Ilya Ilyich into an idle person. Lack of willpower and any interests did not allow the main character to become happy and realize his potential.

2. From M. Mirsky's book "Healing with a scalpel. Academician NN Burdenko" I learned that an outstanding doctor first studied at a theological seminary, but soon realized that he wanted to devote himself to medicine. Having entered the university, N.N. Burdenko became interested in anatomy, which soon helped him become a famous surgeon.
3. D.S. Likhachev in "Letters about the Good and the Beautiful" asserts that "you need to live your life with dignity so that you will not be ashamed to remember." With these words, the academician emphasizes that fate is unpredictable, but it is important to remain a generous, honest and not indifferent person.

THE PROBLEM OF DOG LOYALTY

1. In the story of G.N. Troepolsky "White Bim Black Ear" tells the tragic fate of the Scottish Setter. Bim the dog is desperately trying to find his master, who has had a heart attack. On its way, the dog faces difficulties. Unfortunately, the owner finds the pet after the dog has been killed. Bima can be confidently called a true friend, devoted to the owner until the end of his days.

2. In Eric Knight's novel Lassie, the Carraclough family is forced to give their collies to other people due to financial difficulties. Lassie yearns for her former owners, and this feeling only intensifies when the new owner takes her away from her home. Collie escapes and overcomes many obstacles. Despite all the difficulties, the dog reunites with its previous owners.

THE PROBLEM OF EXCELLENCE IN ART

1. In the story of V.G. Korolenko "The Blind Musician" Peter Popelsky had to overcome many difficulties to find his place in life. Despite his blindness, Petrus became a pianist who, by his playing, helped people become purer in heart and kinder in soul.

2. In the story of A.I. Kuprin "Taper" boy Yuri Agazarov is a self-taught musician. The writer emphasizes that the young pianist is surprisingly talented and hardworking. The boy's giftedness does not go unnoticed. His performance impressed the famous pianist Anton Rubinstein. So Yuri became known throughout Russia as one of the most talented composers.

THE PROBLEM OF THE IMPORTANCE OF LIFE EXPERIENCE TO WRITERS

1. In Boris Pasternak's novel Doctor Zhivago, the protagonist is fond of poetry. Yuri Zhivago is a witness to the revolution and civil war. These events are reflected in his poems. So life itself inspires the poet to create beautiful works.

2. The theme of the vocation of the writer is raised in the novel by Jack London "Martin Eden". The main character is a sailor who has been doing hard physical labor for many years. Martin Eden visited different countries, saw the life of ordinary people. All this became the main theme of his work. So life experience made it possible for a simple sailor to become a famous writer.

THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF MUSIC ON THE MENTAL STATE OF A MAN

1. In the story of A.I. Kuprin's "Garnet Bracelet" Vera Sheina experiences spiritual cleansing to the sounds of Beethoven's sonata. Listening to classical music, the heroine calms down after the experiences she has endured. The magical sounds of the sonata helped Vera to find inner balance, to find the meaning of her future life.

2. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya when he listens to her singing. The sounds of the aria "Casta Diva" awaken feelings in his soul that he has never experienced. I.A. Goncharov emphasizes that for a long time Oblomov had not felt "such vigor, such a strength that seemed to have risen from the bottom of the soul, ready for a feat."

THE PROBLEM OF MOTHER'S LOVE

1. In the story of A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" describes the scene of Peter Grinev's farewell to his mother. Avdotya Vasilievna was depressed when she learned that her son needed to leave for the service for a long time. Saying goodbye to Peter, the woman could not hold back her tears, because for her there could be nothing more difficult than parting with her son. Avdotya Vasilievna's love is sincere and immense.
THE PROBLEM OF THE IMPACT OF WORKS OF ART ABOUT WAR ON A PERSON

1. In Lev Kassil's story The Great Confrontation, Sima Krupitsyna listened to news bulletins from the front every morning on the radio. One day the girl heard the song "Holy War". Sima was so excited by the words of this anthem for the defense of the Fatherland that she decided to go to the front. This is how the work of art inspired the main character to a feat.

THE PROBLEM OF PALSE SCIENCE

1. In the novel by V.D. Dudintsev "White clothes" Professor Ryadno is deeply convinced of the correctness of the biological doctrine, approved by the party. For personal gain, the academician is launching a fight against genetic scientists. Row fiercely defends pseudoscientific views and goes to the most dishonorable deeds in order to achieve fame. Fanaticism of the academician leads to the death of talented scientists, the cessation of important research.

2. G.N. Troepolsky in the story "Candidate of Sciences" opposes those who defend false views and ideas. The writer is convinced that such scientists hinder the development of science and, consequently, society as a whole. In the story of G.N. Troepolsky emphasizes the need to combat pseudoscientists.

THE PROBLEM OF LATE REPENTANCE

1. In the story of A.S. Pushkin's "Stationmaster" Samson Vyrin was left alone after his daughter fled with Captain Minsky. The old man did not lose hope of finding Dunya, but all attempts remained unsuccessful. The caretaker died of melancholy and despair. Only a few years later did Dunya come to her father's grave. The girl felt guilty for the death of the caretaker, but remorse came too late.

2. In the story of K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram" Nastya left her mother and went to St. Petersburg to build a career. Katerina Petrovna had a premonition of imminent death and more than once asked her daughter to visit her. However, Nastya remained indifferent to the fate of her mother and did not have time to come to her funeral. The girl repented only at the grave of Katerina Petrovna. So K.G. Paustovsky argues that you need to be attentive to your loved ones.

THE PROBLEM OF HISTORICAL MEMORY

1. V.G. Rasputin in his essay "Eternal Field" writes about his impressions of a trip to the site of the Battle of Kulikovo. The writer notes that more than six hundred years have passed and during this time a lot has changed. However, the memory of this battle still lives on thanks to the obelisks erected in honor of the ancestors who defended Russia.

2. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva "And the dawns here are quiet ..." Five girls fell, fighting for their homeland. Many years later, their comrade-in-arms Fedot Vaskov and Rita Osyanina's son Albert returned to the place where the anti-aircraft gunners were killed in order to erect a tombstone and perpetuate their feat.

THE PROBLEM OF THE LIFE WAY OF THE GIFTED PERSON

1. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva "My horses are flying ..." Smolensk doctor Yanson is an example of disinterestedness combined with high professionalism. A talented doctor every day, in any weather, rushed to help the sick, not demanding anything in return. For these qualities, the doctor won the love and respect of all residents of the city.

2. In the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin's "Mozart and Salieri" tells the life story of two composers. Salieri writes music in order to become famous, and Mozart unselfishly serves art. Because of envy, Salieri poisoned the genius. Despite the death of Mozart, his works live and excite the hearts of people.

THE PROBLEM OF THE DESTROYING CONSEQUENCES OF WAR

1. The story of A. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin's yard" depicts the life of the Russian countryside after the war, which led not only to economic decline, but also to the loss of morality. The villagers lost part of their economy, became callous and heartless. Thus, the war leads to irreparable consequences.

2. In the story of M.A. Sholokhov's "The Fate of a Man" shows the life of a soldier Andrei Sokolov. His house was destroyed by the enemy, and his family was killed in the bombing. So M.A. Sholokhov emphasizes that war deprives people of the most valuable that they have.

THE PROBLEM OF CONTRADICTIONS IN THE INNER WORLD OF A MAN

1. In the novel by I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" Evgeny Bazarov is distinguished by intelligence, hard work, purposefulness, but at the same time, the student is often harsh and rude. Bazarov condemns people who succumb to feelings, but becomes convinced of the incorrectness of his views when he falls in love with Odintsov. So I.S. Turgenev showed that people are characterized by inconsistency.

2. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich has both negative and positive character traits. On the one hand, the main character is apathetic and self-reliant. Oblomov is not interested in real life, it makes him bored and tired. On the other hand, Ilya Ilyich is distinguished by his sincerity, sincerity, and the ability to understand the problems of another person. This is the ambiguity of Oblomov's character.

THE PROBLEM OF FAIR TREATMENT FOR PEOPLE

1. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" Porfiry Petrovich is investigating the murder of an old woman who is a money-lender. The investigator is a fine expert in human psychology. He understands the motives of Rodion Raskolnikov's crime and partly sympathizes with him. Porfiry Petrovich gives the young man a chance to confess. This will subsequently serve as a mitigating circumstance in the Raskolnikov case.

2. A.P. Chekhov in his story "Chameleon" introduces us to the story of a dispute that broke out over a dog bite. Police warden Ochumelov is trying to decide if she deserves punishment. Ochumelov's verdict depends only on whether the dog belongs to the general or not. The overseer does not seek justice. His main goal is to curry favor with the general.

THE PROBLEM OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN AND NATURE

1. In the story of V.P. Astafiev "Tsar-fish" Ignatyich has been poaching for many years. Once a fisherman got hooked on a giant sturgeon. Ignatyich understood that he alone could not cope with the fish, but greed did not allow him to call his brother and the mechanic for help. Soon the fisherman himself was overboard, entangled in his nets and hooks. Ignatyich understood that he could die. V.P. Astafiev writes: "The king of the river and the king of all nature are on the same trap." So the author emphasizes the inextricable connection between man and nature.

2. In the story of A.I. Kuprin "Olesya" the main character lives in harmony with nature. The girl feels like an integral part of the world around her, knows how to see its beauty. A.I. Kuprin emphasizes that love for nature helped Olesya keep her soul unspoiled, sincere and beautiful.

THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF MUSIC IN HUMAN LIFE

1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov's "Oblomov" music plays an important role. Ilya Ilyich falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya when he listens to her singing. The sounds of the aria "Casta Diva" awaken feelings in his heart that he has never experienced. IA Goncharov especially emphasizes that Oblomov had not felt "such vigor, such strength, which seemed to have all risen from the bottom of the soul, ready for a feat," for a long time. Thus, music is able to awaken sincere and strong feelings in a person.

2. In the novel by M.A. Sholokhov's "Quiet Don" songs accompany the Cossacks throughout their lives. They sing on military campaigns, in the fields, at weddings. Cossacks put their whole soul into singing. The songs reveal their prowess, love for the Don, the steppes.

THE PROBLEM OF BOOKS SUPPLIED BY TELEVISION

1. R. Bradbury's novel Fahrenheit 451 depicts a society based on popular culture. In this world, people who can think critically are outside the law, and books that make you think about life are destroyed. Literature was supplanted by television, which became the main entertainment for people. They are spiritless, their thoughts are subject to standards. R. Bradbury convinces readers that the destruction of books inevitably leads to the degradation of society.

2. In the book "Letters about the Good and the Beautiful" DS Likhachev ponders the question: why television is replacing literature. The academician believes that this happens because the TV distracts from worries, makes you, without haste, watch some kind of program. D.S. Likhachev sees this as a threat to a person, because TV “dictates how to watch and what to watch”, makes people weak-willed. According to the philologist, only a book can make a person spiritually rich and educated.

THE PROBLEM OF THE RUSSIAN VILLAGE

1. In the story of A. I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor" depicts the life of the Russian village after the war. People not only became poorer, but also became callous, spiritless. Only Matryona retained a feeling of pity for others and always came to the aid of those in need. The tragic death of the protagonist is the beginning of the death of the moral foundations of the Russian countryside.

2. In the story of V.G. Rasputin's "Farewell to Matera" depicts the fate of the inhabitants of the island, which must be flooded. It is difficult for old people to say goodbye to their native land, where they spent their entire lives, where their ancestors are buried. The ending of the story is tragic. Together with the village, its customs and traditions disappear, which have been passed down from generation to generation over the centuries and have shaped the unique character of the inhabitants of Matera.

THE PROBLEM OF ATTITUDE TO POETS AND THEIR CREATIVITY

1. A.S. Pushkin in his poem “The Poet and the Crowd” calls “stupid rabble” that part of Russian society that did not understand the purpose and meaning of creativity. According to the crowd, poems are in the public interest. However, A.S. Pushkin believes that the poet will cease to be a creator if he obeys the will of the crowd. Thus, the main goal of the poet is not national recognition, but the desire to make the world more beautiful.

2. V.V. Mayakovsky in the poem "With the Whole Voice" sees the poet's destiny in serving the people. Poetry is an ideological weapon capable of inspiring people, prompting them to great accomplishments. Thus, V.V. Mayakovsky believes that one should give up personal creative freedom for the sake of a common great goal.

THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE TEACHER ON THE STUDENTS

1. In the story of V.G. Rasputin's "French Lessons" class teacher Lydia Mikhailovna is a symbol of human responsiveness. The teacher helped a rural boy who studied far from home and lived from hand to mouth. Lydia Mikhailovna had to go against the generally accepted rules in order to help out the student. In addition, while studying with the boy, the teacher taught him not only French lessons, but also lessons of kindness and compassion.

2. In the fairy tale-parable of Antoine de Saint_Exupéry "The Little Prince", the old Fox became a teacher for the protagonist, telling about love, friendship, responsibility, fidelity. He revealed to the prince the main secret of the universe: "You cannot see the main thing with your eyes - only the heart is sharp-sighted." So the Fox taught the boy an important life lesson.

THE PROBLEM OF ATTITUDE TO ORPHAN CHILDREN

1. In the story of M.A. Sholokhov's "The Fate of a Man" Andrei Sokolov lost his family during the war, but this did not make the main character heartless. The main character gave all the remaining love to the homeless boy Vanyushka, replacing his father. So M.A. Sholokhov convinces the reader that, despite life's difficulties, one must not lose the ability to sympathize with orphans.

2. The story of G. Belykh and L. Panteleev "Republic of ShKID" depicts the life of students in a school of social and labor education for street children and juvenile delinquents. It should be noted that not all students were able to become decent people, but most of them managed to find themselves and followed the right path. The authors of the story argue that the state should pay attention to orphans, create special institutions for them in order to eradicate crime.

THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN WWII

1. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva "And the dawns here are quiet ..." Five young female anti-aircraft gunners died fighting for the Motherland. The main characters were not afraid to speak out against the German saboteurs. B.L. Vasiliev masterfully portrays the contrast between femininity and the brutality of war. The writer convinces the reader that women, on an equal basis with men, are capable of military exploits and heroic deeds.

2. In the story of V.A. Zakrutkin's "Mother of Man" shows the fate of a woman during the war. The main character Maria lost her entire family: her husband and child. Despite the fact that the woman was left all alone, her heart did not harden. Maria left seven Leningrad orphans, replaced their mother. The story of V.A. Zakrutkina became a hymn to a Russian woman who experienced many hardships and misfortunes during the war, but retained kindness, sympathy, and a desire to help other people.

THE PROBLEM OF CHANGES IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

1. A. Knyshev in the article "O great and mighty new Russian language!" writes with irony about those who like to borrow. According to A. Knyshev, the speech of politicians and journalists often becomes absurd when it is overloaded with foreign words. The TV presenter is sure that the excessive use of borrowings pollutes the Russian language.

2. V. Astafyev in the story "Lyudochka" connects changes in the language with the fall in the level of human culture. The speech of Artyomka-soap, Strekach and their friends is littered with criminal jargon, which reflects the trouble of society, its degradation.

THE PROBLEM OF CHOOSING A PROFESSION

1. V.V. Mayakovsky in the poem “Who to be? raises the problem of choosing a profession. The lyrical hero thinks about how to find the right path in life and occupation. V.V. Mayakovsky comes to the conclusion that all professions are good and are equally needed by people.

2. In the story by E. Grishkovets "Darwin" the main character after graduation from school chooses a business that he wants to do all his life. He realizes that what is happening is unnecessary and refuses to study at the Institute of Culture when he watches a performance played by students. The young man is firmly convinced that the profession should be useful and enjoyable.

Two years ago, my students and I made these arguments to Option S.

1) What is the meaning of life?

1. The author writes about the meaning of life, and Eugene Onegin comes to mind in the novel of the same name by A.S. Pushkin. Bitter is the fate of the one who has not found his place in life! Onegin is a gifted man, one of the best people of that time, but he did nothing but evil - he killed a friend, brought misfortune to his loving Tatiana:

Having lived without a goal, without work

Until twenty six

Languishing in the inaction of leisure,

No service, no wife, no work

I didn't know how to do anything.

2. People who have not found the purpose of life are unhappy. Pechorin in "A Hero of Our Time" by M.Yu. Lermontov is active, smart, resourceful, observant, but all his actions are accidental, activity is fruitless, and he is unhappy, none of the manifestations of his will has a deep purpose. The hero bitterly asks himself: “Why did I live? For what purpose was I born? .. "

3. Throughout his life, Pierre Bezukhov tirelessly searched for himself and the true meaning of life. After painful trials, he became able not only to reflect on the meaning of life, but also to perform specific actions that require will and determination. In the epilogue of Leo Tolstoy's novel, we meet Pierre, carried away by the ideas of Decembrism, protesting against the existing social system and fighting for a just life of the very people, of which he feels himself to be a part. In this organic combination of the personal and the national, there is, according to Tolstoy, both the meaning of life and happiness.

2) Fathers and children. Upbringing.

1. It seems that Bazarov is a positive hero in Ivan Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons". He is smart, courageous, independent in his judgments, an advanced man of his time, but readers are confused by his attitude towards his parents, who are madly in love with their son, but he is deliberately rude to them. Yes, Eugene practically does not communicate with old people. How bitter they are! And only to Odintsova, he said wonderful words about his parents, but the old people themselves never heard them.

2. In general, the problem of "fathers" and "children" is typical for Russian literature. In the drama by AN Ostrovsky "The Thunderstorm", it acquires a tragic sound, as the young people who want to live with their own mind emerge from the blind obedience of the house-building.

And in the novel by I.S. Turgenev, the generation of children in the person of Evgeny Bazarov is already resolutely going its own way, sweeping away the established authorities. And the contradictions between the two generations are often painful.

3) Impudence. Rudeness. Behavior in society.

1. Human intemperance, disrespect for others, rudeness and rudeness are directly related to improper upbringing in the family. Therefore, Mitrofanushka in DI Fonvizin's comedy "The Minor" says unforgivable, rude words. In the house of Mrs. Prostakova, rude abuse and beatings are common. Here is my mother and says to Pravdin: “… sometimes I swear, sometimes I fight; so the house holds on. "

2. A rude, ignorant person appears before us Famusov in A. Griboyedov's comedy "Woe from Wit". He is rude to addicted people, speaks gruffly, rudely, calls his servants in every possible way, regardless of their age.

3. You can bring the image of the mayor from the comedy "The Inspector General". Positive example: A. Bolkonsky.

4) The problem of poverty, social inequality.

1. With stunning realism FM Dostoevsky portrays the world of Russian reality in the novel "Crime and Punishment". He shows social injustice, hopelessness, spiritual dead end, which gave rise to the absurd theory of Raskolnikov. The heroes of the novel are poor people, humiliated by society, the poor are everywhere, suffering is everywhere. Together with the author, we feel pain for the fate of the children. To stand up for the disadvantaged - this is what ripens in the minds of readers when they get acquainted with this work.

5) The problem of mercy.

1. It seems that from all the pages of Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment" disadvantaged people ask us for help: Katerina Ivanovna, her children, Sonechka ... The woeful picture of the image of a humiliated person appeals to our mercy and compassion: ... "The author believes that a person must find his way" into the kingdom of light and thought. " He believes that the time will come when people will love each other. He claims that beauty will save the world.

2. In the preservation of compassion for people, a merciful and patient soul, the moral height of a woman is revealed in A. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matryonin's yard". In all the trials that humiliate human dignity, Matryona remains sincere, responsive, ready to help, able to rejoice in someone else's happiness. This is the image of a righteous woman, a keeper of spiritual values. This is without her, according to the proverb, "the village, the city, the whole land is not worth it"

6) The problem of honor, duty, heroism.

1.When you read about how Andrei Bolkonsky was mortally wounded, you feel horror. He did not rush forward with the banner, he simply did not lie on the ground, like the others, but continued to stand, knowing that the core would explode. Bolkonsky could not do otherwise. He, with his sense of honor and duty, noble valor, did not want to do otherwise. There are always people who cannot run, be silent, hide from dangers. They die earlier than others, because it is better. And their death is not meaningless: it gives birth to something in the souls of people, something very important.

7) The problem of happiness.

1. Leo Tolstoy in the novel "War and Peace" brings us, readers, to the idea that happiness is expressed not in wealth, not in nobility, not in fame, but in love, all-consuming and all-embracing. Such happiness cannot be taught. Before his death, Prince Andrew defines his state as “happiness”, which is in the immaterial and external influences of the soul, - “the happiness of love” ... The hero seems to be returning to the time of pure youth, to the eternally living springs of natural existence.

2. To be happy, you need to remember five simple rules. 1. Free your heart from hate - I'm sorry. 2. Free your heart from worries - most of them do not come true. 3. Lead a simple life and value what you have. 4. Give more. 5. Expect less.

8) My favorite piece.

They say that every person in his life must raise a son, build a house, plant a tree. It seems to me that in spiritual life no one can do without Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace. I think this book creates in the human soul that necessary moral foundation on which one can already build a temple of spirituality. The novel is an encyclopedia of life; the fate and experiences of the heroes are relevant to this day. The author encourages us to learn from the mistakes of the characters in the work and live "real life".

9) The topic of friendship.

Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov in Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" are people of "a crystal honest, crystal soul." They constitute the spiritual elite, the moral core to the "marrow" of a rotten society. These are friends, they are connected by liveliness of character and soul. Both hate the "carnival masks" of high society, mutually complement each other and become necessary for each other, despite the fact that they are so different. Heroes seek and learn the truth - such a goal justifies the value of their life and friendship.

10) Faith in God. Christian motives.

1. In the image of Sonya, FM Dostoevsky personifies "God's man" who has not lost his connection with God in the cruel world to his passionate desire for "Life in Christ." In the scary world of Crime and Punishment, this girl is a moral light ray that warms the heart of a criminal. Rodion heals his soul and returns to life with Sonya. It turns out that there is no life without God. This is what Dostoevsky thought, and this is what Gumilyov later wrote:

2. The heroes of the novel by FM Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" read the parable about the resurrection of Lazarus. Through Sonya, the prodigal son - Rodion returns to real life and God. Only at the end of the novel does he see “morning,” and under his pillow is the Gospel. Biblical subjects became the basis of the works of Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol. The poet Nikolai Gumilyov has wonderful words:

There is God, there is the world, they live forever;

And people's lives are instant and wretched,

But everything is contained in a person,

Who loves the world and believes in God.

11) Patriotism.

1. True patriots in Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" do not think about themselves, they feel the need for their own contribution and even sacrifice, but they do not expect a reward for this, because they carry in their souls a genuine sacred feeling of the Motherland.

Pierre Bezukhov gives his money, sells his estate to equip the regiment. Those who left Moscow, not wanting to submit to Napoleon, were also true patriots. Petya Rostov is eager to go to the front, because "Fatherland is in danger." Russian men, dressed in soldier's greatcoats, fiercely resist the enemy, because the feeling of patriotism is sacred and inalienable for them.

2. In Pushkin's poetry we find the sources of the purest patriotism. His "Poltava", "Boris Godunov", all his appeals to Peter the Great, the "slanderers of Russia", his poem dedicated to the Borodino anniversary, testify to the depth of the people's feelings and the strength of patriotism, enlightened and sublime.

12) Family.

We, the readers, are especially sympathetic to the Rostov family in Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, in whose behavior a high nobility of feelings, kindness, even rare generosity, naturalness, closeness to the people, moral purity and integrity are manifested. The feeling of family, which the Rostovs sacredly take in a peaceful life, will turn out to be historically significant during the Patriotic War of 1812.

13) Conscience.

1. Probably, we, the readers, least of all expected from Dolokhov in Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" an apology to Pierre on the eve of the Battle of Borodino. In moments of danger, in a period of general tragedy, conscience awakens in this tough man. Bezukhov is surprised at this. We seem to see Dolokhov from the other side and once again we will be surprised when he, with other Cossacks and hussars, will free a party of prisoners, where Pierre will also be, when he can hardly speak, seeing Petya lying motionless. Conscience is a moral category, without it it is impossible to imagine a real person.

2. Conscientious - means a decent, honest person, endowed with a sense of dignity, justice, kindness. Calm and happy is the one who lives in harmony with his conscience. The fate of the one who missed her for the sake of momentary gain or renounced her out of personal selfishness is unenviable.

3. It seems to me that the questions of conscience and honor for Nikolai Rostov in Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" are the moral essence of a decent person. Having lost a lot of money to Dolokhov, he vows to return it to his father, who saved him from dishonor. And once again Rostov surprised me when he inherited and accepted all of his father's debts. This is usually done by people of honor and duty, people with a developed sense of conscience.

4. The best features of Grinev from the story of AS Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", conditioned by upbringing, are manifested in moments of severe trials and help him to get out of difficult situations with honor. In the conditions of a riot, the hero retains humanity, honor and loyalty to himself, he risks his life, but does not retreat from the dictates of duty, refusing to swear allegiance to Pugachev and make compromises.

14) Education. Its role in human life.

1. A.S. Griboyedov, under the guidance of experienced teachers, received a good initial education, which he continued at Moscow University. The writer's contemporaries were amazed at the level of his education. He graduated from three faculties (the verbal department of the philosophical faculty, natural-mathematical and law faculties) and received the academic title of candidate of these sciences. Griboyedov studied Greek, Latin, English, French and German, knew Arabic, Persian and Italian. Alexander Sergeevich was fond of theater. He was one of the finest writers and diplomats.

2. M.Yu. Lermontov, we classify among the great writers of Russia and the progressive aristocratic intelligentsia. He was called a revolutionary romantic. Although Lermontov left the university because the leadership considered his stay there undesirable, the poet was distinguished by a high level of self-education. He began to write poetry early, drew beautifully, played music. Lermontov constantly developed his talent and left to posterity a rich artistic heritage.

15) Officials. Power.

1.I.Krylov, N.V. Gogol, M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin in their works ridiculed those officials who humiliate their subordinates and please their superiors. Writers condemn them for their rudeness, indifference to the people, embezzlement and bribery. No wonder Shchedrin is called the public prosecutor. His satire was full of sharp journalistic content.

2. In the comedy "The Inspector General" Gogol showed the officials inhabiting the city - the embodiment of the outrageous passions in it. He exposed the entire bureaucratic system, depicted a vulgar society plunged into universal deception. Officials are far from the people, they are busy only with material well-being. The writer not only exposes their abuses, but also shows that they have acquired the character of a "disease." Before the bosses, Lyapkin-Tyapkin, Bobchinsky, Strawberry and other characters are ready to humiliate themselves, but ordinary supplicants are not considered people.

3.Our society has moved to a new round of governance, therefore, the order has changed in the country, a fight against corruption, checks are being conducted. It is sad to recognize in many modern officials and politicians emptiness, covered with indifference. Gogol's types have not disappeared. They exist in a new guise, but with the same emptiness and vulgarity.

16) Intelligence. Spirituality.

1. I evaluate an intelligent person by his ability to behave in society and by spirituality. Andrei Bolkonsky in Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" is my favorite hero, whom young men of our generation can imitate. He is smart, educated, intelligent. He has such character traits that make up spirituality, such as a sense of duty, honor, patriotism, mercy. Andrey dislikes light with its pettiness and falsity. It seems to me that the feat of the prince is not only that he rushed with a banner at the enemy, but also that he deliberately renounced false values, choosing compassion, kindness and love.

2. In the comedy "The Cherry Orchard", A.P. Chekhov denies intelligence to people who do nothing, are incapable of work, do not read anything serious, they only talk about science, but understand little about art. He believes that humanity should improve its strength, work hard, help the suffering, strive for moral purity.

3. Andrei Voznesensky has wonderful words: “There is a Russian intelligentsia. Do you think not? There is!"

17) Mother. Motherhood.

1. With trepidation and excitement recalled his mother A.I.Solzhenitsyn, who sacrificed much for her son. Persecuted by the authorities because of her husband's "White Guards", her father's "former wealth", she could not work in an institution where they paid well, although she knew foreign languages ​​well, and studied shorthand and typescript. The great writer is grateful to his mother for the fact that she did everything to instill in him versatile interests, to give a higher education. In his memory, his mother remained a model of universal human moral values.

2.V.Ya.Bryusov connects the theme of motherhood with love and composes an enthusiastic praise to a woman-mother. This is the humanistic tradition of Russian literature: the poet believes that the movement of the world, of humanity comes from a woman - a symbol of love, self-sacrifice, patience and understanding.

18) Labor-laziness.

Valery Bryusov created a hymn to labor, in which there are also such passionate lines:

And the right place in life

Only to those whose days are in works:

Glory to workers only,

Only to them - a wreath for centuries!

19) The theme of love.

Every time Pushkin wrote about love, his soul was enlightened. In the poem: "I loved you ..." the poet's feeling is alarming, love has not cooled down yet, it lives in him. Light sadness is caused by an unrequited strong feeling. He is recognized as beloved, and how strong and noble are his impulses:

I loved you silently, hopelessly,

Now we languish with timidity, now with jealousy ...

The nobility of the poet's feelings, tinged with light and subtle sadness, is expressed simply and directly, warmly and, as always with Pushkin, enchantingly musically. This is the true power of love, which opposes vanity, indifference, dullness!

20) Purity of the language.

1. Throughout its history, Russia has gone through three eras of contamination of the Russian language. The first happened under Peter 1, when there were over three thousand nautical terms of foreign words alone. The second era fell on the 1917 revolution. But the darkest time for our language is the end of XX - beginning of XXI centuries, when we witnessed the degradation of the language. That there is only one phrase that sounds on television: "Do not slow down - Snickersney!" Americanisms swept over our speech. I am sure that the purity of speech must be strictly monitored, it is necessary to eradicate clericalism, jargon, an abundance of foreign words that supplant beautiful, correct literary speech, which is the standard of Russian classics.

2. Pushkin did not have a chance to save the Fatherland from enemies, but it was given to decorate, elevate and glorify his language. The poet extracted unheard-of sounds from the Russian language and “hit the hearts” of the readers with an unknown force. Centuries will pass, but these poetic treasures will remain for posterity in all the charm of their beauty and will never lose their strength and freshness:

I loved you so sincerely, so tenderly,

How God grant you beloved to be different!

21) Nature. Ecology.

1.I.Bunin's poetry is characterized by a careful attitude to nature, he worries about its preservation, for its purity, therefore in his lyrics there are many bright, juicy colors of love and hope. Nature feeds the poet with optimism, through her images he expresses his philosophy of life:

My spring will pass and this day will pass

But it's fun to wander around and know that everything goes away

While the happiness of living forever will not die ...

In the poem "Forest Road", nature is a source of happiness and beauty for man.

2. The book of V. Astafiev "Tsar-fish" consists of many essays, stories and short stories. The chapters "Dream of the White Mountains" and "Tsar-fish" tell about the interaction of man with nature. The writer bitterly names the reason for the destruction of nature - this is the spiritual impoverishment of man. His single combat with fish has a sad outcome. In general, in his discussions about man and the world around him, Astafiev concludes that nature is a temple, and man is a part of nature, and therefore is obliged to protect this common home for all living things, to preserve its beauty.

3. Accidents at nuclear power plants affect the inhabitants of entire continents, even the entire Earth. They have long lasting consequences. Many years ago, the most terrible man-made disaster occurred - the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The territories of Belarus, Ukraine and Russia have suffered the most. The consequences of the disaster are global. For the first time in the history of mankind, an industrial accident has reached such a scale that its consequences can be found anywhere on earth. Many people received terrible doses of radiation and died painful deaths. The Chernobyl pollution continues to cause an increase in the mortality rate of the population of all ages. Cancer is one of the typical manifestations of the effects of radiation. The accident at the nuclear power plant led to a decrease in the birth rate, an increase in mortality, genetic disorders ... People should remember about Chernobyl for the sake of the future, be aware of the danger of radiation and do everything so that such disasters never happen again.

22) the role of art.

My contemporary, poet and prose writer Elena Taho-Godi wrote about the influence of art on a person:

And you can live without Pushkin

And without Mozart's music too -

Without everything that is spiritually dearer,

No doubt one can live.

Even better, calmer, easier

Without ridiculous passions and worries

And careless, of course,

But how to endure this term? ..

23) About our smaller brothers.

1. I immediately remembered the amazing story "Tame Me", where Yulia Drunina talks about an unfortunate animal, trembling from hunger, fear and cold, unnecessary animal in the market, which somehow immediately turned into a home idol. The whole family of the poetess joyfully worshiped him. In another story, the name of which is symbolic - "Responsible for all whom I have tamed", she will say that the attitude towards "our lesser brothers", towards creatures completely dependent on us, is a "touchstone" for each of us ...

2. In many of Jack London's works, humans and animals (dogs) go through life side by side and help each other in all situations. When for hundreds of kilometers of snowy silence you are the only representative of the human race, there is no better and more devoted helper than a dog, moreover, unlike a person, it is not capable of lies and betrayal.

24) Homeland. Small Homeland.

Each of us has our own small homeland - the place from which our first perception of the world around us begins, the comprehension of love for the country. The poet Sergei Yesenin's most dear memories are associated with the Ryazan village: with the blue that fell into the river, the crimson field, the birch grove, where he experienced “lake melancholy” and aching sadness, where he overheard the crying of the orioles, the conversation of sparrows, the rustle of grass. And I immediately imagined that beautiful dewy morning that the poet met in childhood and which gave him a holy "feeling of homeland":

Weaved over the lake

The scarlet light of dawn ...

25) Historical memory.

1.A. Tvardovsky wrote:

The war has passed, the suffering has passed,

But pain appeals to people.

Come on people, never

Let's not forget about this.

2. The works of many poets are devoted to the people's feat in the Great Patriotic War. The memory of the experience does not die. A.T. Tvardovsky writes that the blood of the fallen was not shed in vain: those who survived must keep the peace so that their descendants live happily on earth:

I will in that life

You are happy to be

Thanks to them, the heroes of the war, we live in peace. The Eternal Flame is burning, reminding us of the lives given for the homeland.

26) The theme of beauty.

Sergei Yesenin in his lyrics glorifies all that is beautiful. Beauty for him is peace and harmony, nature and love for the motherland, tenderness for his beloved: "How beautiful is the Earth and man on it!"

People will never be able to overcome the sense of beauty in themselves, because the world will not change endlessly, but there will always be something that pleases the eye and excites the soul. We freeze with delight, listening to eternal music, born of inspiration, admiring nature, reading poetry ... And we love, adore, dream of something mysterious and beautiful. Beauty is all that gives happiness.

27) Philistinism.

1. In the satirical comedies "Bedbug" and "Bath" V. Mayakovsky ridicules such vices as philistinism and bureaucracy. In the future, there is no place for the protagonist of the play "The Bedbug". Mayakovsky's satire bears a sharp focus, reveals the shortcomings that exist in any society.

2. In the story of the same name by A.P. Chekhov, Jonah is the personification of a passion for money. We see the impoverishment of his spirit, physical and spiritual "renunciation". The writer told us about the loss of personality, the irreplaceable waste of time - the most valuable asset of human life, about personal responsibility to oneself and society. Memories of the bills of credit he was with with such pleasure he takes out of his pockets in the evenings, extinguishes feelings of love and goodness in him.

28) Great people. Talent.

1. Omar Khayyam is a great, brilliantly educated person who has lived an intellectually rich life. His rubai is the story of the ascent of the poet's soul to the high truth of being. Khayyam is not only a poet, but also a master of prose, a philosopher, a truly great person. He died, and his star has been shining in the "firmament" of the human spirit for almost a thousand years, and its light, alluring and mysterious, does not fade, but, on the contrary, becomes brighter:

Be I the Creator, the Ruler of the heights,

Would incinerate the old firmament.

And I would put on a new one, under which

Envy does not sting, anger does not wither.

2.Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn - the honor and conscience of our era. He is a participant in the Great Patriotic War, was awarded for heroism shown in battles. For disapproving remarks about Lenin and Stalin, he was arrested and sentenced to eight years in forced labor camps. In 1967, he sent an open letter to the USSR Writers' Congress calling for an end to censorship. He, a famous writer, was persecuted. In 1970 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. The years of recognition were difficult, but he returned to Russia, wrote a lot, his journalism is ranked among moral sermons. Solzhenitsyn is rightly considered a fighter for freedom and human rights, a politician, ideologist, public figure who served the country honestly and selflessly. His best works are The Gulag Archipelago, Matryonin's Dvor, Cancer Ward ...

29) The problem of material support. Wealth.

The universal measure of all the values ​​of many people, unfortunately, has recently become money, a passion for hoarding. Of course, for many citizens this is the personification of well-being, stability, reliability, security, even the guarantor of love and respect - no matter how paradoxical it sounds.

For those like Chichikov in Nikolai Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" and for many Russian capitalists, it was not difficult at first to "curry favor", to flatter, to give bribes, to be "pushed around", then to "push around" and take bribes themselves, to live luxuriously ...

30) Freedom-Non-freedom.

In one breath I read the novel "We" by E. Zamyatin. Here the thought is traced of what can happen to a person, society, when they, obeying an abstract idea, voluntarily renounce freedom. People turn into an appendage of a machine, into cogs. Zamyatin showed the tragedy of overcoming the human in a person, the loss of a name as the loss of one's own self.

31) Time Problem.

During the long creative life of L.N. Tolstoy was constantly running out of time. His working day began at dawn. The writer absorbed the morning smells, saw the sunrise, awakening and…. created. He tried to be ahead of his time, warning humanity against moral catastrophes. This wise classic was in step with the times, then one step ahead of him. Tolstoy's work is still in demand all over the world: Anna Karenina, War and Peace, Kreutzer Sonata ...

32) The theme of morality.

It seems to me that my soul is a flower that guides me through life so that I live according to my conscience, and the spiritual strength of a person is that luminous matter that is woven by the world of my sun. We must live according to the commandments of Christ so that humanity is humane. To be moral, you need to work hard on yourself:

And God is silent

For a grave sin

Because they doubted God,

He punished everyone with love

What would have learned to believe in torment.

33) Space theme.

The hypostasis of T.I. Tyutchev is the world of Copernicus, Columbus, an impudent person who goes to the abyss. This is what the poet is close to me, a man of a century of unheard-of discoveries, scientific daring, and the conquest of the Cosmos. He instills in us a sense of the infinity of the world, its greatness and mystery. The value of a person is determined by the ability to admire and be amazed. This "cosmic feeling" was endowed with Tyutchev like no other.

34) The theme of the capital is Moscow.

In Marina Tsvetaeva's poetry, Moscow is a majestic city. In the poem "Above the blue groves of Moscow region ... .." the ringing of Moscow bells is poured with balsam on the souls of the blind. This city is sacred for Tsvetaeva. She confesses to him in love, which she absorbed, it seems, with her mother's milk, and passed on to her own children:

And you do not know that the dawn is in the Kremlin

It is easier to breathe than on the whole earth!

35) Love for the Motherland.

In S. Yesenin's poems, we feel the complete unity of the lyrical hero with Russia. The poet himself will say that the feeling of the Motherland is the main thing in his work. Yesenin does not doubt the need for changes in life. He believes in future events that will awaken dormant Russia. Therefore, he created such works as "Transfiguration", "O Rus, flap your wings":

Oh Russia, flap your wings,

Put on a different support!

With different names

Another steppe is rising.

36) War memory theme.

1. "War and Peace" by Leo Tolstoy, "Sotnikov" and "Obelisk" by V. Bykov - all these works are united by the theme of war, it bursts into an inevitable disaster, pulling into a bloody whirlpool of events. Its horror and senselessness, cruelty were clearly demonstrated by Leo Tolstoy in his novel War and Peace. Favorite heroes of the writer realize the insignificance of Napoleon, whose invasion was only the entertainment of an ambitious person who found himself on the throne as a result of a palace coup. In contrast to him, the image of Kutuzov is shown, who was guided in this war by other motives. He fought not for the sake of fame and wealth, but for the sake of loyalty to the Fatherland and duty.

2. 68 years of the Great Victory separate us from the Great Patriotic War. But time does not diminish interest in this topic, draws the attention of my generation to the distant front-line years, to the origins of the courage and feat of the Soviet soldier - a hero, liberator, humanist. When the guns thundered, the muses were not silent. While fostering love for the Motherland, literature also fostered hatred for the enemy. And this contrast carried in itself the highest justice, humanism. The golden fund of Soviet literature includes such works created during the war years as "Russian Character" by A. Tolstoy, "Science of Hatred" by M. Sholokhov, "Unconquered" by B. Gorbaty ...

It is in the past that a person finds a source for the formation of consciousness, the search for his place in the world around him and in society. With memory loss, all social connections are lost. It is a certain life experience, awareness of the events experienced.

What is historical memory

It presupposes the preservation of historical and social experience. Historical memory directly depends on how carefully the family, city, country treat traditions. Writing on this issue is often found in tests on literature in grade 11. We will also pay a little attention to this issue.

The sequence of the formation of historical memory

Historical memory has several stages of formation. After a while, people forget about the events that happened. Life constantly presents new episodes filled with emotions and unusual impressions. In addition, the events of past years are often distorted in articles and fiction, the authors not only change their meaning, but also make changes in the course of the battle, the disposition of forces. The problem of historical memory appears. Each author brings his own arguments from life, taking into account his personal vision of the described historical past. Due to the different interpretation of one event, ordinary people have the opportunity to draw their own conclusions. Of course, arguments are needed to substantiate your thought. The problem of historical memory exists in a society deprived of freedom of speech. Total censorship leads to distortion of real events, presenting them to wide layers of the population only in the right perspective. True memory can live and develop only in a democratic society. In order for information to pass to future generations without visible distortions, it is important to be able to compare events that occur in real time with facts from a past life.

Conditions for the formation of historical memory

Arguments on the topic "The problem of historical memory" can be found in many works of the classics. In order for a society to develop, it is important to analyze the experience of ancestors, do “work on mistakes,” use the rational grain that past generations had.

"Black boards" by V. Soloukhin

What is the main problem with historical memory? Let us consider the arguments from the literature using this work as an example. The author tells about the plundering of the church in his native village. Unique books are handed over as waste paper, boxes are made of priceless icons. A carpentry workshop is being organized right in the church in Stavrovo. In another, a machine-tractor station is being opened. Trucks, caterpillar tractors come here, store barrels of fuel. The author bitterly says that neither a cowshed nor a crane can replace the Moscow Kremlin, the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl. It is impossible to locate a rest house in a monastery building in which the graves of Pushkin's and Tolstoy's relatives are located. The work raises the problem of preserving historical memory. The arguments given by the author are indisputable. Not those who died, lie under the gravestones, need a memory, but the living!

Article by D.S.Likhachev

In his article "Love, Respect, Knowledge" the academician raises the topic of desecration of the national shrine, namely, he talks about the explosion of the monument to Bagration, the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812. Likhachev raises the problem of the historical memory of the people. The arguments given by the author relate to vandalism in relation to this work of art. After all, the monument was the gratitude of the people to their Georgian brother, who bravely fought for the independence of Russia. Who could destroy the cast iron monument? Only those who have no idea about the history of their country, do not love their Motherland, are not proud of their Fatherland.

Views on patriotism

What other arguments can you give? The problem of historical memory is raised in Letters from the Russian Museum, authored by V. Soloukhin. He says that, chopping off his own roots, striving to absorb a foreign, alien culture, a person loses his individuality. This Russian argument of problems of historical memory is supported by other patriots of Russia. Likhachev developed the "Declaration of Culture", in which the author calls for the protection and support of cultural traditions at the international level. The scientist emphasizes that without citizens' knowledge of the culture of the past, the present, the state will have no future. It is in the "spiritual security" of the nation that the nationwide existence lies. There should be interaction between external and internal culture, only in this case society will rise along the stages of historical development.

The problem of historical memory in the literature of the 20th century

In the literature of the last century, the central place was occupied by the issue of responsibility for the terrible consequences of the past, in the works of many authors there was a problem of historical memory. Arguments from the literature serve as direct evidence of this. For example, AT Tvardovsky called in his poem "By the Right of Memory" to rethink the sad experience of totalitarianism. Anna Akhmatova did not bypass this problem in the famous "Requiem". She reveals all the injustice, lawlessness that reigned in society at that time, gives weighty arguments. The problem of historical memory can also be traced in the work of A. I. Solzhenitsyn. His story "One Day in Ivan Denisovich" contains a verdict to the state system of that time, in which lies and injustice became priorities.

Respect for cultural heritage

The focus of everyone's attention is issues related to the preservation of ancient monuments. In the harsh post-revolutionary period, characterized by a change in the political system, there was a widespread destruction of former values. Russian intellectuals tried by any means to preserve the cultural relics of the country. DS Likhachev opposed the development of typical multi-storey buildings on Nevsky Prospekt. What other arguments can you give? The problem of historical memory was also touched upon by Russian filmmakers. With the funds raised by them, they managed to restore the Abramtsevo and Kuskovo estates. What is the problem of the historical memory of the war? Arguments from the literature indicate that this issue has been relevant at all times. A.S. Pushkin said that "disrespect for ancestors is the first sign of immorality."

War theme in historical memory

What is historical memory? An essay on this topic can be written on the basis of the work of Chingiz Aitmatov "Storm station". His hero mankurt is a man who was forcibly deprived of his memory. He became a slave who has no past. Mankurt does not remember either the name or the parents, that is, it is difficult for him to be aware of himself as a person. The writer warns that such a creature is dangerous to social society.

Before Victory Day, a sociological survey was conducted among young people. The questions concerned the start and end dates of the Great Patriotic War, important battles, and military leaders. The responses received were disappointing. Many guys have no idea about the date of the beginning of the war, or about the enemy of the USSR, they have never heard of G.K. Zhukov, the Battle of Stalingrad. The poll showed how urgent the problem of the historical memory of the war is. The arguments put forward by the "reformers" of the history course curriculum at school, which reduced the number of hours devoted to studying the Great Patriotic War, are associated with an overload of students.
This approach has led to the fact that the modern generation forgets the past, therefore, important dates in the history of the country will not be passed on to the next generation. If you do not respect your history, do not honor your own ancestors, historical memory is lost. The composition for the successful passing of the exam can be argued with the words of the Russian classic A.P. Chekhov. He noted that for freedom a person needs the entire globe. But without a purpose, its existence will be absolutely meaningless. Considering the arguments for the problem of historical memory (USE), it is important to note that there are false goals that do not create, but destroy. For example, the hero of the story "Gooseberry" dreamed of buying his own estate, planting gooseberries there. The goal was completely absorbed by him. But upon reaching it, he lost his human form. The author notes that his hero "has grown fat, flabby ... - just look, he will grunt into the blanket."

The story of I. Bunin "The gentleman from San Francisco" shows the fate of a man who served false values. The hero worshiped wealth as a god. After the death of the American millionaire, it turned out that real happiness passed him by.

The search for the meaning of life, awareness of the connection with ancestors managed to show I.A.Goncharov in the image of Oblomov. He dreamed of making his life different, but his desires were not embodied in reality, he did not have enough strength.

When writing an essay on the Unified State Exam on the topic "The Problem of the Historical Memory of War", the arguments can be cited from the work of Nekrasov "In the trenches of Stalingrad". The author shows the real life of "penalties" who are ready to defend the independence of the Fatherland at the cost of their lives.

Arguments for composing the exam in the Russian language

In order to get a good score for an essay, a graduate must argue his position using literary works. In M. Gorky's play At the Bottom, the author demonstrated the problem of “former” people who have lost the strength to fight for their own interests. They realize that it is impossible to live like they are, and it is necessary to change something, only they do not plan to do anything for this. The action of this work begins in a flophouse, and ends there. There is no question of any memory, pride in their ancestors, the heroes of the play do not even think about it.

Some are trying, lying on the couch, to talk about patriotism, others, sparing no effort and time, bring real benefits to their country. It is impossible to ignore, arguing about historical memory, the amazing story of M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man". It tells about the tragic fate of an ordinary soldier who lost his relatives during the war. Having met an orphan boy, he calls himself his father. What does this act indicate? An ordinary person who has gone through the pain of loss is trying to resist fate. Love has not died out in him, and he wants to give it to a little boy. It is the desire to do good that gives the soldier the strength to live, no matter what. The hero of Chekhov's story "A Man in a Case" tells about "people who are satisfied with themselves." Having small-property interests, trying to distance themselves from other people's troubles, they are absolutely indifferent to the problems of other people. The author notes the spiritual impoverishment of the heroes who imagined themselves to be "masters of life", but in reality are ordinary bourgeoisie. They do not have real friends, they are only interested in their own well-being. Mutual assistance, responsibility for another person is clearly expressed in the work of B. Vasiliev "And the dawns here are quiet ...". All the wards of Captain Vaskov not only fight together for the freedom of the Motherland, they live according to human laws. In Simonov's novel The Living and the Dead, Sintsov carries his comrade out of the battlefield. All the arguments presented from various literary works help to understand the essence of historical memory, the importance of the possibility of preserving it and passing it on to other generations.

Conclusion

When congratulating on any holiday, wishes for a peaceful sky overhead sound. What does this testify to? The fact that the historical memory of the hard trials of the war is passed down from generation to generation. War! There are only five letters in this word, but immediately there is an association with suffering, tears, a sea of ​​blood, the death of relatives and friends. Unfortunately, there have always been wars on the planet. The groans of women, crying of children, echoes of the war should be familiar to the younger generation from feature films, literary works. We must not forget about those terrible ordeals that befell the Russian people. At the beginning of the 19th century, Russia took part in the Patriotic War of 1812. To keep the historical memory of those events alive, Russian writers in their works tried to convey the features of that era. In his novel War and Peace, Tolstoy showed the patriotism of the people, their readiness to give their lives for the Fatherland. Reading poems, stories, novels about the Partisan War, the Battle of Borodino, young Russians get the opportunity to “visit the battlefields”, to feel the atmosphere that prevailed in that historical period. In "Sevastopol Tales" Tolstoy talks about the heroism of Sevastopol, shown in 1855. The events are described by the author so reliably that one gets the impression that he himself was an eyewitness to that battle. Courage of spirit, unique willpower, amazing patriotism of the city's inhabitants are worthy of memory. Tolstoy associates war with violence, pain, dirt, suffering, death. Describing the heroic defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855, he emphasizes the strength of the spirit of the Russian people. B. Vasiliev, K. Simonov, M. Sholokhov and other Soviet writers devoted many of their works to the battles of the Great Patriotic War. In this difficult period for the country, women worked and fought on an equal basis with men, even children did everything in their power. At the cost of their lives, they tried to bring the Victory closer, to preserve the country's independence. Historical memory helps to preserve in the smallest detail information about the heroic deed of all soldiers and civilians. If the connection with the past is lost, the country will lose its independence. This must not be allowed!

Argumentation

Problem

Historical memory

A. Chekhov. "The Cherry Orchard". The haughty lackey Yasha from the play by A. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard" does not remember his mother and dreams of leaving for Paris as soon as possible. He is the living embodiment of unconsciousness. I. S. Turgenev. "Fathers and Sons". Bazarov, who scornfully refers to the "old people", denies their moral principles, dies from a trifle scratch. And this dramatic finale shows the lifelessness of those who have broken away from the "soil", from the traditions of their people.

Love to motherland

Yu. G. Oksman "The Capture of Lieutenant Sukhinov". The famous writer told the story of the Decembrist Sukhinov, who, after the defeat of the uprising, was able to hide from the police bloodhounds and, after painful wanderings, finally got to the border. Another minute - and he will find freedom. But the fugitive looked at the field, forest, sky and realized that he could not live in a foreign land, far from his homeland. He surrendered to the police, he was shackled and sent to hard labor. A.S. Pushkin "To Chaadaev". In the friendly message "To Chaadaev" the poet's fiery appeal to the Fatherland to devote "beautiful impulses to souls" sounds. "A word about Igor's regiment." The author's love for his native Russian land is clearly expressed. He was worried about the future. He proudly told us about the defender of the homeland. Described nature beautifully. Solar eclipse. It was the Russian land that became the main character of his work. Poems by Yesenin, Blok, Lermontov.

Scientific progress and moral

Human qualities

A.S. Griboyedov. "Woe from Wit"

M. Bulgakov. "Heart of a Dog" Doctor Preobrazhensky turns a dog into a man. Scientists are driven by the thirst for knowledge, the desire to change nature. But sometimes progress turns into terrible consequences: a two-legged creature with a "dog's heart" is not yet a man, because there is no soul in him, no love, honor, nobility.

Human responsibility

Surrounding

N. Tolstoy. "War and Peace".

The images of Kutuzov, Napoleon, Alexander I. A person who is aware of his responsibility to his homeland, people, who knows how to understand them at the right time, is truly great. Such is Kutuzov, such are the ordinary people in the novel who do their duty without high phrases. A. Kuprin. "Wonderful Doctor". A man, exhausted by poverty, is ready to desperately commit suicide, but the famous doctor Pirogov, who happened to be nearby, speaks to him. He helps the unfortunate, and from that moment on, his life and the life of his family changes in the happiest way. This story speaks volumes about the fact that the act of one person can affect the fate of other people.

Fathers and Sons

And S. Turgenev. "Fathers and Sons". A classic that shows the problem of misunderstanding between the older and younger generations. Evgeny Bazarov feels like a stranger and an older Kirsanov, and his parents. And, although, by his own admission, he loves them, his attitude brings them grief. L. N. Tolstoy. Trilogy "Childhood", "Adolescence", "Youth". Striving to know the world, to become an adult, Nikolenka Irtenev gradually learns the world, realizes that much in it is imperfect, encounters a misunderstanding of elders, sometimes offends them (chapters "Classes", "Natalia Savishna") KG Paustovsky "Telegram". Girl Nastya, living in Leningrad, receives a telegram that her mother is sick, but the affairs that seem important to her do not allow her to go to her mother. When she, realizing the magnitude of the possible loss, arrives in the village, it is too late: the mother is gone ...

Role of example.

Raising a person

V.P. Astafiev. "A horse with a pink mane." Difficult pre-war years of a Siberian village. The formation of the hero's personality under the influence of the kindness of his grandmother and grandfather. V. G Rasputin "French Lessons". Formation of the personality of the protagonist in difficult war years. The role of the teacher, her spiritual generosity in the boy's life. Thirst for knowledge, moral fortitude, self-esteem of the hero of the story.

Self-sacrifice

In the name of love for a loved one

B. Vasiliev "My Horses Are Flying". Dr. Jansen died saving children who fell into a sewer pit. The man, who was revered as a saint even during his lifetime, was buried by the whole city. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita". Self-sacrifice of Margarita for the sake of her beloved.

Compassion, sensitivity and mercy

Astafiev "Lyudochka" In the episode with a dying man, when everyone left him, only Lyudochka took pity on him. And after his death, everyone only pretended that they felt sorry for him, everyone except Lyudochka. A verdict on a society in which people are deprived of human warmth. M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man". The story tells about the tragic fate of a soldier who lost all his relatives during the war. One day he met an orphan boy and decided to call himself his father. This act suggests that love and the desire to do good give a person strength for life, strength in order to resist fate. V. Hugo "Les Miserables". The writer in the novel tells the story of a thief. After spending the night in the bishop's house, in the morning this thief stole a silver dish from him. But an hour later, the police detained the criminal and took him to the house, where he was given an overnight stay. The priest said that this man did not steal anything, that he took all the things with the permission of the owner. The thief, amazed by what he heard, in one minute experienced a true rebirth, and after that he became an honest man.

Man and power

Antoine de Saint-Exupery "The Little Prince". There is an example of just power: "But he was very kind, and therefore gave only reasonable orders." If I tell my general to turn into a sea gull, "he used to say," and if the general does not obey the order, it will not be his fault, but mine. " ...

Man and art.

Impact of art

Per person

A.I. Kuprin. "Garnet bracelet". The author claims that nothing is permanent, everything is temporary, everything passes and leaves. Only music and love affirm the true values ​​on earth. Fonvizin "Minor". They say that many noble children, recognizing themselves in the image of the idler Mitrofanushka, experienced a genuine rebirth: they began to study diligently, read a lot and grew up worthy sons of the fatherland.

Man and history.

The role of personality in history

L. N. Tolstoy. "War and Peace".

One of the central problems of the novel is the role of the individual in history. This problem is revealed in the images of Kutuzov and Napoleon. The writer believes that there is no greatness where there is no kindness and simplicity. According to Tolstoy, a person whose interests coincide with the interests of the people can influence the course of history. Kutuzov understood the mood and desires of the masses, so he was great. Napoleon thinks only of his own greatness, therefore he is doomed to defeat. I. Turgenev. "Notes of a Hunter".

People, having read bright, vivid stories about peasants, realized that it is immoral to own people like cattle. A wide movement for the abolition of serfdom began in the country.

Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man"

After the war, many Soviet soldiers who were captured by the enemy were condemned as traitors to their homeland. M. Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man", which shows the bitter lot of a soldier, made society look differently at the tragic fate of prisoners of war. A law was passed on their rehabilitation.

Platonov. "Pit".

Man and cognition. Self-realization of a person. Life is like a struggle for happiness.

Shukshin "Chudik" - an absent-minded person, may seem ill-mannered. And what prompts him to do strange things are positive, unselfish motives. Chudik reflects on the problems of concern to humanity at all times: what is the meaning of life? What are good and evil? Who in this life is “right, who is smarter”? And by all his actions he proves that he is right, and not those who believe Goncharov. Oblomov's image. This is the image of a person who only wanted to. He wanted to change his life, he wanted to rebuild the life of the estate, he wanted to raise children ... But he did not have the strength to realize these desires, so his dreams remained dreams. M. Gorky in the play "At the Bottom". He showed the drama of "former people" who have lost the strength to fight for their own sake. They hope for something good, they understand that they need to live better, but they do nothing to change their fate. It is no coincidence that the action of the play begins in the shelter and ends there. False Values ​​I. Bunin in the story "The gentleman from San Francisco". He showed the fate of a man who served false values. Wealth was his god, and this god he worshiped. But when the American millionaire died, it turned out that real happiness passed by the person: he died without knowing what life is. Yesenin. "Black man". The poem "The Black Man" is the cry of Yesenin's dying soul, it is a requiem for the life left behind. Yesenin, like no one else, was able to tell what life does to a person. Mayakovsky. "Listen." The inner conviction of the correctness of their moral ideals separated Mayakovsky from other poets, from the usual course of life. This isolation gave rise to a spiritual protest against the philistine environment, where there were no high spiritual ideals. The poem is the cry of the poet's soul. Zamyatin "The Cave". (). Martina Martynych The hero comes into conflict with himself, a split occurs in his soul. values ​​He violates the commandment "Thou shalt not steal."

Human and nature

Sholokhov "Quiet Don". Turgenev "Bezhin Meadow". Nature coincides with the feelings of the heroes. M. Bulgakov. "Fatal eggs". Professor Persikov accidentally brings out giant reptiles, which threaten civilization, instead of large chickens. M. Bulgakov. "Dog's heart". Professor Preobrazhensky transplants part of the human brain to Sharik's dog, turning a quite cute dog into a disgusting Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov. You can't mindlessly interfere with nature! M. Prishvin. "Pantry of the sun"

Callous and soulless attitude towards a person

"Matryonin Dvor" by Solzhenitsyn. A closed model of the world in the novel by E.I. Zamyatin "We". 2) The appearance and principles of the One State. 3) The narrator, number D - 503, and his spiritual illness. 4) "Resistance of human nature". In dystopias, a world based on the same premises is given through the eyes of its inhabitant, an ordinary citizen, from the inside, in order to trace and show the feelings of a person who undergoes the laws of an ideal state. The conflict between the personality and the totalitarian system becomes the driving force of any dystopia, allowing one to identify dystopian features in the most diverse at first glance works ... The society depicted in the novel has reached material perfection and stopped in its development, plunged into a state of spiritual and social entropy.

Honor and dishonor

The poet John Brown received the Enlightenment project from the Russian Empress Catherine, but he could not come because he fell ill. However, he had already received money from her, therefore, saving his honor, he committed suicide. N.V. Gogol in his comedy "The Inspector General". The officials of the district town mistakenly take Khlestakov for a real auditor, in every possible way try to please him, do not pay attention to his stupidity at all. A.P. Chekhov in the story "Death of an Official", The author showed the problem from a moral point of view. Chervyakov, asking for forgiveness, humiliated himself before the general not by the nature of service or position (after all, it was not even his boss), but by his human nature.

Composition of the Unified State Exam according to the text:" Brest Fortress. It is not far from Moscow: the train runs for less than a day. Everyone who is in those parts of the world must come to the fortress ... " (after B.L. Vasiliev).

Full text

(1) Brest Fortress. (2) It is not far from Moscow: the train runs for less than a day. (H) Everyone who is in those parts must come to the fortress. (4) They do not speak loudly here: the days of the forty-first year were too deafening, and these stones are remembered too much. (b) Restrained guides accompany the groups to the places of the battles, and you can go down to the cellars of the 333rd regiment, touch the bricks melted by flamethrowers, walk to the Terespolsky and Kholmsky gates, or stand silently under the arches of the former church. (6) Take your time. (7) Remember. (8) And bow down. (9) In the museum, you will be shown a weapon that once fired, and a soldier's shoes, which someone hastily laced up in the early morning of June 22. (10) They will show you the personal belongings of the defenders and tell you how they went crazy with thirst, giving water to children ... (11) And you will certainly stop near the banner - the only banner that you have found in the fortress so far. (12) But they are looking for banners. (13) They are looking for it, because the fortress did not surrender, and the Germans did not capture a single battle banner here. (14) The fortress did not fall. (15) The fortress bled out. (16) Historians do not like legends, but they will certainly tell you about the unknown defender, whom the Germans managed to take only in the tenth month of the war. (17) On the tenth, in April 1942. (18) This man fought for almost a year. (19) A year of fighting in obscurity, without neighbors on the left and right, without orders and rear services, without change and letters from home. (20) Time did not convey either his name or rank, but we know that it was a Soviet soldier. (21) Every year on June 22, the Brest Fortress solemnly and sadly marks the beginning of the war. (22) The surviving defenders arrive, wreaths are laid, the guard of honor freezes. (23) Every year on June 22, an old woman arrives in Brest by the earliest train. (24) She is in no hurry to leave the noisy station and has never been to the fortress. (25) She goes to the square, where a marble slab hangs at the entrance to the station: FROM JUNE 22 TO JULY 2, 1941, UNDER THE LEADER NIKOLAI (surname unknown) AND ELDERLY PAVL BASNEV, MILITARY SERVICES AND RAILWAYS HEROIC VOOROZOZOLIK. (26) The old woman reads this inscription all day long. (27) Stands next to her, as if on a guard of honor. (28) Leaves. (29) Brings flowers. (30) And again stands, and reads again. (31) Reads one name. (32) Seven letters: "NIKOLAI". (ЗЗ) The noisy train station lives its usual life. (34) Trains come and go, announcers announce that people should not forget tickets, music rattles, people laugh loudly. (35) And an old woman stands quietly near the marble board. (36) There is no need to explain anything to her: it is not so important where our sons lie. (37) The only thing that matters is what they fought for.

The article by the Russian writer Boris Vasiliev makes us wonder if we remember those soldiers who defended our country, us, from the black plague of fascism. The author of the article raises the problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War. There are many museums in our country dedicated to hero soldiers. One of them is a museum for the defenders of the Brest Fortress.

The author's position is clearly expressed in the words: “Do not rush. Remember. And bow down. " The author calls on today's youth to remember those who gave us a free life, preserved our state, our people. And the most important thing is what they fought for, and they fought for our future.

I completely agree with the author of the article. We have no right to forget those who died in this bloody massacre, we must know and honor their graves, their monuments. You can't live without touching it, because this is our story. It is imperative to remember this and pass on knowledge to future generations.

Many Russian writers have raised the topic of war in their works. Great works have been written about the heroic deeds of Soviet soldiers. These are "The Fate of a Man" by M. Sholokhov, and "Soldiers are Not Born" by K. Simonov, and "The Dawns Here Are Quiet" by B. Vasiliev, and many, many others. After reading Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man", for a long time I could not move away from the state into which he introduced me. Andrei Sokolov has gone through a lot. The fate that fell during the war is the most difficult. But, despite all the difficulties, having gone through all the horror of captivity and concentration camps, Sokolov was able to retain in himself humanly feelings of kindness and compassion.

Also B. Vasiliev in his story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet" tells about ordinary Soviet girls who were not afraid of an enemy many times superior to them and fulfilled their military duty: they did not allow the Germans to pass to the railway tracks in order to blow them up. For a brave deed, the girls paid with their lives.

It is impossible to forget about what freedom cost our country. We must remember those who laid down their heads for the future of their descendants. To honor the memory, and teach this to your children, passing on the memory of the war from generation to generation.