Fundamentals of technique and rules of the game of badminton. Badminton: rules of the game for children
Badminton is a sports game in which both 2 and 4 people can participate - two from each side. Sports equipment in this game are rackets and a shuttlecock.
History of badminton
The name "Badminton" comes from the English city called Badminton (or Badminton). However, the origins of the game itself go far into antiquity. Historians and researchers have established that already in ancient Greece there was a game so much like modern badminton. As for how the game came to Europe, and then to us, the British played the main role here, who in the 19th century brought this game from India to their country. The popularity of this game is explained by the simplest rules, as well as the availability of this sport, because you can practice it anywhere. Once - in the 20th century, badminton was so popular that it overtook even such related games as tennis and squash.badminton rules
The essence of the game of badminton is very similar to tennis, but here a shuttlecock is used instead of a tennis ball, and special badminton rackets are used instead of tennis rackets. Shuttlecock is made from both synthetic and natural materials. The shuttlecock has a head and the feathers extending from it must be of the same length. The weight of the shuttlecock varies from 4.74 grams to 5.5 grams - it all depends on the conditions in which the game takes place. A badminton racket consists of a handle, shaft, string surface, head and adapter. Its length cannot exceed 680 mm, and its width - 280 mm. Sports equipment must necessarily comply with the standards so that some players do not create any advantage over others.
Opponents enter the court, take their positions and the whistle starts the game. One of the players serves the shuttlecock by hitting it with a racket. The second player must hit the shuttlecock with his racket in such a way that it does not fall on his half and does not touch the net. If one player managed to achieve that the opponent missed the shuttle, and he plopped down on his half, points are credited to the first. That is, the task of the players is to hit the shuttlecock so that it lands on the opponent's court.
Badminton is played on a special rectangular court. The surface of the court can be made of any material, as long as there is no slip. The surface of the court is delimited by special lines denoting the opponents' territories. A net is stretched in the middle of the court at a height of 1.55 meters. If the court is in the open air, then it is impossible to hold competitions in cloudy weather, since the flight path of the shuttlecock will constantly change. That is why it is preferable to build indoor courts.
Badminton is an exciting game in which the most experienced, the most nimble, the most skillful and the fastest player can win.
Badminton is one of the team sports. The competition is held on a platform 13.40x6.10 m (for doubles) or 13.4x5.2 m (for singles), which is divided in half by a net (height 1.55 m). The playing field with the extreme lines (right and left), as well as the back lines. In addition, at a distance of 1.98 m from the net, there is a service line, which, together with the back line, limits the service zone, divided in half by a central line.
The game involves two athletes (or two teams of two people), located on opposite sides of the site. The main task of the players is to throw the shuttle over the net so that it touches the ground on the opposite half of the court, and at the same time prevent the ball hit by the opponents from touching the ground on their side of the playing field. The game, which usually consists of 3 or 5 games, is played up to 15 points (if children and women play - up to 11 points).
Some researchers consider India to be the birthplace of badminton, others argue that this game originated in Malaysia, from where it subsequently came to other Asian countries. Be that as it may, it was in India that the Duke of Beaufort from England first became acquainted with the prototype of modern badminton - the game "pune" ("puna"). In 1873 he returned to his estate Badminton House in Gloucestershire (100 km from London), taking with him a feathered ball and a pair of rackets. The outlandish game, the first rules of which were written by British officers during their stay in India, immediately attracted the attention of the public and gained numerous fans.
Already in 1887, the first club of fans of this game was created, and on September 13, 1893, 14 badminton clubs created the first English badminton association (BAE). In the same year, the rules of this game were officially fixed. The first Open Championship of England (All-England) was held in 1899, and the international badminton competition was held in 1902 in Dublin (Ireland). Only two teams participated in this match - from England and from Ireland.
On July 5, 1934, nine states (England, Scotland, Denmark, Holland, Ireland, Wales, France, Canada and New Zealand) founded the International Badminton Federation (IBF), which now includes representatives from 147 countries of the world. The European Badminton Union (EBU) was founded by 11 countries on September 24, 1967, and a year later the first European Championships in this sport took place in Bochum (Germany). Since 1947, the Thomas Cup (named after the first president of the IBF, Englishman George Thomas) has been played among male badminton players, and since 1955, female athletes have been fighting for the Uber Cup (named after the American badminton player Betty Uber). The badminton world championships have been held since 1977.
In order to have information about competitions in this sport, it was not at all necessary to personally attend all the matches - since 1951, various championships were broadcast on television, and in 1972 the specialized magazine "World badminton" was published, which existed until 1999, when all information about badminton began to be posted on sites on the Internet.
Necessary equipment for playing badminton: shuttlecock (from French volant - "flying", "light", "moving") - a small feathered ball made of cork covered with leather, and a racket (from French raquette, - a word that, in turn, comes from the Arabic rakhat - "palm"), consisting of a round rim with stretched strings and a handle. Strings originally made from natural materials (most often ox-strings) are now made of interlaced synthetic microfibers (most often nylon or aramid), with a core made of fibers that are elastic, and a braid and sheath made of more durable materials, providing product strength. The mass of the shuttlecock is from 4.5 to 7 g, rackets - from 135 to 190 g.
Nowadays, badminton is one of the most popular sports games, due to the simplicity of the rules, as well as the ability to adapt any relatively flat surface as a playground - a clearing in the forest, a lawn, a beach, etc. Badminton has been included in the program of the Summer Olympic Games since 1992.
Myths about badminton.
Games like badminton existed only in Asian countries. This is not true. On ancient amphoras, which are about 3000 years old, there are images that suggest that even in those distant times in ancient Greece they played shuttlecock, and not only with their hands, but also with their feet. In China, there was also a game of this kind - "ji juu qi". She is mentioned in one of the manuscripts, dated 1122 BC. In Japan, back in the 14th century, they played with wooden rackets in a shuttlecock made of large ripe cherries, into which several goose feathers were inserted. This design, dried in the sun, turned out to be light and quite durable. There was a similar game in France, where it was called "je-de-paume" ("game with an apple") or "coc vantin" ("flying rooster"), and later - "shuttlecock". And the differences in the interpretation of the rules even served as a pretext for a quarrel between the Bourbons and the Guises. The game of shuttlecock is mentioned by Marco Polo, a famous traveler from Venice (1254-1323), as well as Friedrich Schiller in his play "Don Carlos" (1787). Yes, and in England, until the end of the 16th century, peasants organized competitions in the game of "feather ball" with two bats, and in Sweden in 1650, Queen Christina ordered to build a court for playing shuttlecock near her palace ("Royal Palace") in Stockholm.
The first badminton books appeared after 1872. This is not true. The book "Badminton Battledore - a new game" was published by Isaac Spratt a little earlier - in 1860.
The Badminton World Championship is held annually. Indeed, organized by the World Badminton Federation, the World Championship takes place every year to identify the best players (with the exception of the years of the Olympics), but this was not always the case. Until 1983, the above-mentioned competition was held once every 3 years, and since 1985 - once every two years. Since 2006, the Badminton World Championship has been held annually.
Badminton players competed at the Olympic Games for the first time in 1992. Badminton has been included in the program of the Olympic Games since 1992, but the first demonstration performance of badminton players took place much earlier - back in 1972 (XX Summer Olympics, Munich).
Badminton is an easy game, fun entertainment. At the amateur level, it’s really enough just to try to keep the shuttlecock in the air, but in order to win, professionals have to show cunning, flexibility, endurance, perfect coordination, remarkable strength and agility, the ability to develop great speed and carry out swift attacks for quite a long period of time.
Elderly people with diseases of the cardiovascular system will not be able to practice badminton. When it comes to professional sports, this statement is true. However, amateur badminton is a completely different matter. Moreover, experts say that playing badminton in adulthood can increase life expectancy by at least 2-3 years, provided that the duration of the game is at least half an hour. In addition, doing this sport helps to reduce the basal heart rate and helps lower blood pressure - therefore, it is extremely useful for hypertensive patients. Researchers have proven that exercise leads to a decrease in the amount of certain types of cholesterol in the body (triglycerides, low and very low density lipoproteins), which narrow blood vessels. As a result, badminton players have a reduced risk of heart disease. And the state of the heart muscle during this game improves, and, as a result, the risk of myocardial infarction decreases. People who already have heart disease can also play badminton, but in this case, the lesson should be under the supervision of a doctor. In addition, badminton helps to strengthen bones, activates the absorption of calcium in the intercellular substance of bone tissues, and thus prevents osteoporosis. And finally, this game reduces the risk of cancer (especially breast and colon cancer).
Playing badminton can quickly lose weight. If we are talking about competitions for beginners or amateurs, a lot depends on the intensity of the load and the time of the game. But in any case, the movement around the site will be quite intense, moreover, with uneven movements (jumps, accelerations, sharp turns, etc.), more effort is expended than, for example, when running. Professional players, on the other hand, run about 10 km during one match, and their weight decreases by several kilograms.
You can play badminton at any age, and physical training is not particularly required. Yes, this game can be mastered at 10, and at 20, and at 40, and at 60, if we are talking about amateur badminton. In this case, both the state of health and the age of the player do not matter. But in professional sports, both age and physical fitness are quite significant things. Firstly, in order to start playing at a high professional level, it will take at least 10 years of hard training, because the sooner the future athlete begins to master the wisdom of this game, the better. The optimal age for starting badminton lessons is 5-6 years old, and a child can be sent to the sports section at 10-11 years old. Secondly, without proper physical preparation it is simply impossible to withstand the rather strong loads that involve participation in professional competitions in this sport. Even amateurs who can dose the time and level of exercise at their discretion should first consult a doctor (especially if there are violations of the function of the cardiovascular system, myopia, some diseases of the respiratory system). Loads in professional sports are much greater. For comparison: the pulse of an amateur when playing badminton reaches 130-180 beats per minute, and the pulse of professionals - sometimes more than 200 beats per minute. In one game, badminton players cover an average distance of about 2000 meters, and this is by no means an even load - hitting the shuttlecock is accompanied by many jumps, jerks, starting accelerations, etc. The body must be ready for such loads.
Rackets are most often made of wood or metal. Indeed, at first rackets were only wooden, later metal ones appeared. However, today, various materials are used for the manufacture of this sports equipment: aluminum, steel, titanium, carbon fiber, etc., thanks to which the products are able to withstand string tension for a long time and withstand fairly strong impacts. For professional athletes, rackets are most often made of composite carbon fiber with built-in structural elements from another material, which provides flexibility and strength to this type of sports equipment.
It is impossible "by eye" to determine the difference between rackets for professionals and beginners. The playing qualities of a racket are really not so easy to determine. But there are still some easily distinguishable signs. For example, the presence of a clearly visible knot in the shape of the letter T ("tee") at the junction of the rim frame and the rod is inherent only in rackets for beginners and amateur athletes. You can also roughly determine the strength of a racket by simply knowing what material (or materials) it is made of. But such game characteristics as stiffness (the amplitude of movement of the racket rod during impact), control (depends on the degree of twisting of the rod during impact, affects the accuracy of the flight of the shuttlecock) and energy (the force of impact on the shuttle, depending on the balance distribution - the closer it is to the rim of the racket, the stronger the blow and the lower the control) can only be determined by professionals.
The latest racket will help you achieve the best results. Of course, progress does not stand still - new models of sports equipment for badminton from leading companies appear every 3-4 months. Since this is an extremely short period, professional athletes prefer to change the racket model no more than once every 2-3 years. Even more rarely, extra-class badminton players change the brand of equipment, preferring products of only a certain manufacturer. Indeed, it sometimes takes a lot of time to get used to certain qualities of a racket, which are emphasized by one or another company, and it takes a lot of effort.
The tighter the strings on the racquet, the better. Rackets for professionals are really tightened more strongly than for amateurs - the difference is 40-80 N or 1-2 kg 160 N, i.e. 13 kg). However, in order to provide a tension of 13x13 kg, a special extremely strong string is needed. Ordinary strings are not recommended to be pulled by more than 12 kg and less than 11 kg. If the strings are overstretched, they can simply break, and if they are not stretched enough, the playing qualities of this sports equipment will deteriorate.
Racquet strings should only be changed if they break. No, the tension should be updated periodically, regardless of whether the string has broken or not. After all, a weakened stretch contributes to a decrease in the playing qualities of a racket. In addition, it should be remembered that the small plastic bushings (“cambric”) inserted into the racket rim, through which the string is threaded, also need to be replaced periodically, since the string acts on their outer part and gradually frays it. In order for the cambrics to last longer, they should be turned around the axis before the next stretch.
The racket can be stretched manually. For amateur athletes, this method of stretching is really acceptable, however, it should be noted that the tension force will have to be determined “by eye”, and the required stretching speed can hardly be provided. Therefore, the best way out is to give the racket and strings (which will take about 10 meters) to special workshops that stretch on the machine.
The heavier the racket, the better. Not always. Much depends on physical fitness, especially if a beginner acquires a racket. For amateurs, it is best to start with light and medium rackets, the weight of which is no more than 92 grams. From heavier models for beginner athletes, the shoulder can become very sore. However, if physical fitness allows, heavier rackets can also be used. By the way, the largest and, accordingly, the heaviest racket in the world can be seen at the Red Willow Badminton Center (Alberta, Canada). The height of the product, designed to draw attention to this sport, is about 4 meters.
Metal rackets are the most durable. Wrong opinion. The metal rim is easily deformed by tension force and under the influence of blows. Therefore, the best choice, especially for beginners, is carbon fiber graphite rackets.
It is best to choose a racket with thin strings. Racket strings vary in thickness - from 0.66 to 0.85 mm, and indeed, professionals prefer the thinnest strings (the so-called tournament strings), which allow you to better feel the shuttlecock, beat the mix (attacking blow) harder, and also lead more accurate and fine game on the grid. However, such strings break quickly (sometimes an athlete can use several rackets in one game). Amateurs should keep this in mind and opt for thicker and more durable strings (from 0.7 to 0.8 mm thick), which are able to withstand fairly heavy loads for several months, and, by the way, are used even by professional players during workouts. And in order for the string to last longer, you should avoid hitting the shuttlecock in areas near the rim - because sometimes one hit of this kind is enough to break the string. If the string still breaks, you must immediately cut the entire stretch, otherwise, due to improper load distribution, hidden cracks may appear, which can soon lead to breakage of the racket.
The best winding of the racket handle is terry. If the athlete's palms sweat a lot, or if the handle of the racket is too small for him, the best way out is to use terry winding - it is somewhat thicker than rubber. In addition, such a winding lasts longer, although it costs a little more. However, it should be noted that when the terry winding is erased, it will not be possible to pull another over it. But rubber, although less durable, is somewhat thinner than terry, so putting an additional winding on top of it is not difficult.
Good rackets are extremely expensive. Yes, professional racquets usually cost $500 and up. However, at the initial stages of mastering the intricacies of this game, you can opt for much cheaper models, the cost of which is $ 5-15. Amateur athletes can get a more expensive racket - costing from $15 to $100. However, this does not mean at all that you should focus on the maximum price - for $ 30-40 you can buy an excellent racket from leading manufacturers, made of graphite or a titanium-graphite alloy.
Feather shuttlecocks are much better and cheaper than plastic ones. Indeed, feather flounces, consisting of a cork head covered with thin kid skin, and 16 goose feathers glued into holes around the circumference of the head and tied with thread, have much better flight characteristics than plastic ones. They are sorted by speed and flight path, marked accordingly and divided into slow, medium and fast. It is easy to separate which group a shuttlecock belongs to - just pay attention to the edging ribbon attached to the head of the shuttlecock. If it is red - the shuttlecock is the fastest, blue - has an average speed, green - the slowest. In terms of price, feather shuttlecocks are indeed cheaper than plastic ones, but these fragile structures are not very durable.
Plastic shuttlecocks, consisting of a cork or synthetic head and a plastic "skirt" attached to it, have an undeniable advantage at a higher price - durability. For novice players, plastic shuttlecocks with a synthetic head can be recommended, for amateurs - products with a cork head, which have playing qualities close to feather ones. Professional players prefer to use exclusively feather shuttlecocks during matches and training.
Natural shuttlecocks wear out most quickly during the game of novice athletes. The greatest damage to the shuttlecock can be caused by hitting the rim of the racket, most often indicating a low level of player's technique. However, even during the matches of top-class athletes, shuttlecocks can lose individual feathers or become deformed from strong blows. It is estimated that several shuttlecocks are used in one match of professional players - from 2-3 to 12-14, and sometimes even more.
The weight of the heaviest shuttlecock does not exceed 7 grams. This is true - shuttlecocks are used to play badminton, the weight of which is from 4.5 to 7 grams. But there is a much heavier shuttle - it can be seen in the Kansas City Museum (USA, Missouri). The feathered ball is 48 times larger than usual - its height is about 5 meters, and its weight is more than 2 tons.
An amateur badminton athlete can dress as he pleases. Nowadays, there are no restrictions for amateur athletes. However, you should choose the most comfortable clothes, and even better - specialized (especially for shoes). First, you need to pay attention to the selection of the size of the shape - too small will hinder movement, too large also does not contribute to creating a feeling of freedom and comfort during the game. Secondly, the material. The best choice would be cotton, from which the T-shirt and the lining of the shorts should be made. But sneakers should be bought only specialized ones that provide good grip on the court, as well as reinforced in those places that are subjected to maximum stress during the game. Shoes of this kind minimize the risk of injury to the feet during the game.
Tennis shoes are perfect for playing badminton. This is not true. There are differences between badminton and tennis shoes. Tennis shoes are less stable and taller, while badminton shoes are more stable in lateral loads and provide more grip on the court.
Mastering the skills of playing badminton does not take much time. The rules of this game are extremely simple. It really isn't hard to learn them. But it usually takes at least 10 years of hard training to master all the skills and abilities of this technically rather complex game.
To be successful in badminton, you need to practice on the court as often as possible. This is not entirely true - off-site training should continue. After all, a badminton player simply needs a well-prepared body. To prepare for future aerobic and anaerobic loads, rapid changes in the pace and rhythm of the game, you should pay a lot of attention to running training (crosses, accelerations), various kinds of jumps, strength exercises with weights, etc. Only in this case, completing tasks on the badminton court will not be difficult for you.
Fantasy does not affect the victory in the game. Professionals say that a positive attitude before the match is just as important as physical preparation. Therefore, before entering the court, you should recall the most successful match of all the previous ones, and also feel confident that all the blows are given to you with ease. This will eliminate nervousness and any negative emotions, as well as create a positive attitude necessary to defeat the opponent.
The rules of badminton have not been adjusted for a long time. Wrong opinion. Over the past 10 years, changes to the rules of the game have been made several times. In 2000, by decision of the IBF Council, from July 1, 2001, the Grand Prix World Series tournaments were to be held according to the 5x7 scoring system. And a year later (in April 2002), at the initiative of the English Federation, which was supported by representatives of other European countries, the new scoring system was canceled at an extraordinary meeting of the IBF. From that moment on, in all categories, the calculation was carried out according to the old system - 3x15 (and in the women's singles - 3x11). The following changes took place in 2006 - now, for greater entertainment of matches, points are awarded regardless of the affiliation of the serve, and the game is played not up to 15, but up to 21 points. If the score is 20:20, the competition will continue until one of the teams is 2 points ahead of the rivals, or the first team reaches a score of 30 points. In addition, in the doubles game, each team is entitled to 1 serve (instead of the two provided by the old rules).
Asian athletes achieve the highest results in badminton. Indeed, these days it is athletes from China, Indonesia, Korea. The Thomas Cup was won most often (13 times) by the Indonesian team, while the Uber Cup was won by the Chinese team (8 times). At the Olympic competitions in this sport, the teams of China (9 medals, of which 3 gold and 3 silver), Indonesia (9 medals, of which 1 gold and 2 silver) and Korea (8 medals, of which 4 gold and 3 silver). Malaysian athletes have more modest achievements - 3 medals (1 silver, 2 bronze). In total, athletes from Asian countries have won 42 of the 46 Olympic medals. And only once 2 medals (gold and bronze) were awarded to athletes from Denmark.
In a single player game, the more complex the tactics and strategy, the greater the chance of winning. Not necessary. Even a fairly simple tactic can be extremely effective in a solo match. The main thing is not to perform blows, the accuracy of which you are not quite sure of, to quickly change the direction of the blow, forcing the opponent to open the area for a subsequent attack from you. For example, if the opponent is in the center - your shot should be directed to one of the corners, and the next one - to the net. You should also force your opponent to make mistakes with all your might. This is easily achieved by pissing off the player in various ways while remaining completely calm. For example, leading in the score, you need to rush the continuation of the game, and losing - delay the start of the match as much as possible. A long look into the eyes or at the opponent's chest can also make him nervous, pay attention to his appearance, being distracted from the game - at this moment you can carry out a number of fairly successful attacks and win. However, in any case, one should not forget about politeness. For example, if one of the players hits the opponent with a shuttlecock, he must definitely apologize. The shuttlecock should be given to the opponent calmly and carefully, demonstrating respect for him.
Having received a shuttlecock on the net, you can strike at any point on the site. Much depends on where exactly the shuttlecock is encountered. They ate on the edge of the net - indeed, it is possible to strike anywhere. However, if the shuttlecock is met below the edge of the net, there will be much less options for a subsequent strike. In the event that the shuttlecock is met near the floor, the best way out is to throw back to the back line. In this case, you can buy time to return to the center of the site.
After serving, it is best to take a position exactly in the center of the court. Indeed, the center of the court is considered the most suitable place for a player who is waiting for an opponent to hit. Moreover, while waiting, badminton players do not stand still, but are constantly on the move - as if they are "dancing" in order to prepare the body for rapid movement to any point on the site. But it is not necessary to be exactly in the center - the location is determined by the technical skills of the athlete. For example, players who are good at the back line move closer to the net, while those who are better at playing on the net, on the contrary, take a half step or a step back, closer to the back line.
Becoming a professional badminton player is easier for an amateur who has mastered this sport on his own for several years. Unfortunately, it is not. After all, in the process of self-study of technology, you can make many mistakes, which in the process of prolonged repetition can become a habit. And retraining is much more difficult than learning from scratch. For example, the correct grip, which seems uncomfortable to many beginners, further contributes to an increase in the effectiveness of the game. And the use of the wrong grip, acquired as a result of independent attempts to study badminton, often leads to the paucity of strike technique.
The main thing in badminton is the technique of blows. Yes, this is true, but the importance of footwork should not be underestimated. After all, it is precisely accurate and fast movements around the court that allow the player to be at the right time in the place where he can deliver a technically correct blow to the shuttlecock. Therefore, in training, attention should be paid to working out the technique of moving around the site.
Badminton was brought to Russia from England. No, this game came to Russia in 1954 from China, where it was called "yumaoqiu".
Badminton (English badminton) is a sport in which players are located on opposite sides of the site, divided by a net, and with racket strikes they throw a shuttlecock over it, trying so that it does not fall onto the field. Included in the program of the Summer Olympic Games in 1992. There are singles (1 on 1) and doubles (2 on 2).
After reading this article, you will understand that badminton itself, the rules of the game and its history have quite deep roots. So let's find out how badminton is played, as well as where and when it originated.
The history of badminton begins in India. English officers who served in distant lands recognized and became very interested in the ancient Indian game called puna. Returning to their homeland, the officers brought her with them.
But in England, the original name and tradition did not stick to the game. The rules that have survived to this day and, in fact, its very name originated in the Badminton House estate, owned by Earl Beaufort. A place of honor in history went to the count for the development and promotion of the game as a separate sport. In 1873, it was this man who first built a badminton court. And already in 1893, the English Game Association published the official rules for badminton.
After many years, she has not lost her popularity. By 1934, the world badminton federation was created, and since 1947, the Thomas Cup, the largest men's team competition, has started. Since 1955, women have also begun to play badminton - they also become participants in these competitions.
Inventory
The general inventory for the game consists of several basic elements.
Racket
strings
Initially, strings were made from materials of natural origin, but now manufacturers prefer synthetic materials. Each string consists of a core, braid and sheath. The level of string tension directly depends on the level of playing (professional or amateur).
Shuttlecock
An equally important element of sports equipment for this game. Badminton shuttlecocks consist of a cork or synthetic head to which a plastic "skirt" is attached. Shuttlecocks are of the following types:
- Feather. Consist of natural materials. Most often, this type of shuttlecock is used by professional athletes. In addition to the above components, the skirt of these flounces is covered with goose feathers. The weight of such a shuttlecock is approximately 50 grams.
- Plastic. Used for amateur games or for training.
Playground
The layout and dimensions of the badminton court are shown in the following figure: 
Rules of the game
The rules of badminton are not too complicated. It is worth understanding them, and you yourself will not notice how you will play by the rules and notice the shortcomings in the game of others.
The game starts with a serve. It can be made from any half of the field, depending on the current account. A point is awarded if the rally was won by the serving player. If he lost it, then the right to serve passes to another player. Each team is entitled to 2 serves. If both serves were lost, then they go to the opponents. The player serves from the appropriate field of service (may be even or odd), according to the total number of points of the athlete who serves. If the meeting is doubles, then the first player who is selected before the game makes the same serve as in a single game, and the second one does the opposite.
In the draw, the shuttle is reflected by the server and the receiver in sequence. In doubles, after a serve is deflected by the receiver, the shuttle can be deflected by any player on the serving side from any position in their own half of the court, and then by any player on the receiving side, and so on.
The winning of the draw is determined by the following cases:
- Foul by opponent;
- The opponent beat the shuttlecock out of the field;
- Shuttlecock hitting the opponent's court;
- The opponent has touched the net with his body or racket.
The game lasts until one of the players scores 15 points (men) or 11 (women). In the event that it was played in a draw, then the player who first scored the required number of points chooses how long the game will be played.
Modern badminton is played up to 21 points. In the event that the score is 20:20, then the game lasts until one of the players scores 2 points more than his opponent.
There is also a "beach" option. Its whole essence lies in the fact that two people play, and their goal is to keep the shuttlecock in the air as long as possible.
Choosing a racket
It's time to talk about how to choose a badminton racket. Before you start choosing a racket, you need to decide exactly how you will use it. You need to decide whether you want to play badminton seriously or just occasionally play. If you are going to do this professionally, then it is important to decide on your style of play, since the technical characteristics of the chosen racket directly depend on the style. When choosing, consider the following aspects: 
- Racket weight. It is selected depending on the degree of magnification. Classification of rackets by weight:
- Amateur and basic (90-94);
- Professional (85-89);
- Extra light (75-79).
- Handle diameter. There are several types, from G2 (largest) to G5. This also depends on the style. If he is attacking, the handle is wider (larger girth area). If the emphasis is on accuracy and accuracy, then a thin handle is chosen.
- Rigidity and balance. Rigid rackets are for power attacks, and for a more technical game - flexible rackets.
- String tension. This setting is different for everyone.
Indications and contraindications
What is badminton good for our health? Many people play badminton simply because it's fun. But, in addition to the fascination, it is obvious health benefits of badminton, namely:
- Muscle strengthening;
- Strengthening the cardiovascular system;
- Burning excess weight;
- Reaction improvement;
- Strengthening the eye muscles;
- Saturation of the body with oxygen;
- Breathing training.
This game also has some contraindications:
- Problems of the musculoskeletal system;
- Various kinds of injuries;
- Problems with the cardiovascular system;
- kidney disease;
- infectious diseases;
- Chronic diseases in the acute stage.
The history of modern badminton dates back to the 19th century, when English officers brought home from the Indian colonies a passion for a certain game, whose modification became a modern sport. The game was named after Badminton House, where the first tournaments were held in the 1870s. And the formed rules of the game of badminton first appeared in 1893. Only a hundred years later, badminton became an Olympic sport, and in 2006, the rules of the game were slightly changed to increase entertainment. We offer you a brief overview of the new badminton rules.
General rules for playing badminton
The purpose of the game of badminton is to throw the shuttlecock with the help of rackets over the net stretched in the center of the court. The player's task is to transfer the shuttlecock to the opponent's court in such a way so that he cannot accept the transfer. The match is played until one of the parties wins two games out of three possible. Under the new badminton rules, the game is won by the side that scores 21 points first. If the score in the game becomes 20:20, the winner is the player who first increased the score difference to two points. If the score becomes 29:29, then the athlete who wins the 30th point is recognized as the winner. Badminton can be played in singles or doubles. In the first case, two athletes fight each other, in the second - two athletes from each side.
Badminton equipment and playground
The playing field for playing badminton is called a court. The length of the court is fixed at 13.4 meters and the width depends on whether singles or doubles is being played. For a singles game, the width of the court is 5.18 meters, and for the doubles, almost a meter more - 6.1 meters. In the middle of the field there is a net stretched at a height of 1.55 meters. The court is delimited by lines: at a distance of 1.98 meters from the net there is a near service line, a service zone is located between it and the back line, and a central longitudinal line divides the service zone into right and left zones.
Badminton rackets are currently most often made of composite materials and weigh only 70-100 grams. Synthetic strings are threaded through the holes in the rim of the racket, the interlacing and high-quality tension of which significantly affect the playing properties of the racket. The game is played with a shuttlecock, which can be made of artificial (plastic) or natural (feather) materials. The latter are considered to be of much higher quality and are used in major competitions and training of professional athletes.
The beginning of the game of badminton and refereeing
Before the start of the match, a toss is held, according to the results of which one of the parties chooses one or another side of the court or decides whether it will serve or receive the serve. The second choice is made by the side that lost the toss. Immediately before the start of the badminton game, athletes have two minutes to warm up. Once a match has started, play must continue uninterrupted except for a break of no more than one minute during each game when either side reaches 11 points, and a two-minute break between games.
The right to suspend the game has only the referee on the tower, which is installed near the court in the middle as a continuation of the net at a distance of no more than a meter from the post at a height of at least 1.55 meters. The referee on the tower is assisted by the line judges. In turn, the Umpire is accountable to the Chief Umpire, who is fully responsible for the conduct of the tournament or other competition of which the match is a part.
Service rules in badminton
The first stroke of any badminton point draw is the serve. According to the rules, it can only be carried out by hitting the head of the shuttle with a racket from the bottom up. In this case, the athlete does not have the right to completely tear off his feet from the court, that is, to serve in a jump, as well as to delay the delivery of the serve excessively. Violation of all these rules in badminton is considered a foul. The service is considered completed if the athlete hit the shuttlecock with a racket or missed.
The zone from which the serving is carried out varies depending on the score. In the event that the serving side has no points or has an even number of points, the service is made from the right zone. If the serving side has an odd number of points, then the service is made from the left zone. The shuttlecock in play must alternately be reflected by the serving and receiving players until it leaves the game, that is, it does not touch the surface of the court, or a violation is recorded by the referee and the game is stopped.
In the event that the server wins the rally, a point is counted and he is given the right to make the next serve, but from a different feed zone. If the receiving player wins the rally, he also scores a point and the service passes to him. In a doubles game, the players serve and receive the serve sequentially. Competitors may not serve out of turn or receive two consecutive serves.
Controversial in badminton
Often, when playing badminton, there are situations when a point cannot be counted by either side. In this case, the referee on the tower stops the game and announces the so-called "disputed". It is usually called if the server serves before the other side is ready to receive, or if players from both sides of the court are in violation of the rules at the same time. Also considered controversial is a blow in which the shuttlecock catches on the net and hangs on its upper edge or, flying over the net, gets stuck in it. The destruction of the shuttlecock is also the basis for stopping the game and assigning a controversial one. In all these cases, the rally from the moment of the last serve is not counted, and the serving player repeats the serve.
Violation of the rules and punishments in badminton
Breaking the rules in badminton is called a foul. Above, we have already listed some of the violations in the implementation of the filing. Also, fouls include situations in which the shuttlecock during the game falls outside the court, flies through the net or under it, does not fly over the net, touches the ceiling or walls of the hall, the body or clothing of a player, an object or person outside the court. It is a violation if the shuttlecock is caught and held on the racquet and then thrown at the stroke, or if it is hit twice.
When playing badminton, athletes must not touch the net and posts with a racket, body or clothing, intrude on the opponent's side over or under the net, interfere with an opponent or distract him with any actions, including shouting and gestures. Unsportsmanlike behavior, as well as gross violations of the rules, are stopped and, if necessary, punished by the judge on the tower. Thus, players do not have the right to deliberately delay or suspend the course of the game, change the shape of the shuttlecock in order to gain an advantage in the speed of its flight, or behave offensively.
In order to stop infringements, the tower umpire may issue yellow card warnings to the players. Also, in the case of a warning already made to the player, when the violation is repeated, the referee on the tower may declare a foul and show the athlete a red card. Two such fouls are considered as a systematic violation. In case of a gross or systematic violation of the rules when a player is shown a second red card, a decision may be made to disqualify the athlete and award him a defeat in the match with a score of 0:21, 0:21.
The new badminton rules regulate almost all situations that can develop on the court during the match and within the tournament. Badminton fans believe that the changes made in 2006 made the game much more spectacular and dramatic. At the same time, outside of major competitions, some players may well use the old badminton rules or play just for fun without any strict restrictions. The popularity of badminton is also due to the fact that you can play it only if you have rackets and a shuttlecock in nature without a specially equipped platform and net.
Definition of sport
Badminton is a game sport included in the program of the Summer Olympic Games. The essence of badminton is to throw a projectile - a shuttlecock - over the net with the help of rackets. A brief description of the history of occurrence.
Modern sports badminton comes from the game "Pune", popular in India. The English Duke of Beaufort in 1872 brought from there to his estate Badminton rackets and a ball with feathers. The game was shown to the public, and it immediately gained numerous fans, receiving the name "badminton". In 1887, the first rules were published, at the same time the first club of lovers of this game appeared. At the beginning of the 20th century, international tournaments began to be held. In 1934, the International Badminton Federation (IBF) was formed.
Now in the world there are more than 50 million fans of this sport. Since 1947, the largest team competition among men, the Thomas Cup, has been held. Among women, the main team start - the Uber Cup - has been held since 1955. Badminton is recognized as an Olympic sport and since 1992 has been included in the program of the Summer Games, which took place in the Spanish city of Barcelona.
Description of the varieties of sport discipline.
Racket. The first racquets were made of wood, but nowadays racquet materials can be different: carbon fiber, aluminum, steel, titanium. This allows the racketi to be made stronger, able to withstand the tension of the strings and the load from impacts. The weight of standard rackets ranges from 70 to 100 grams, important characteristics for badminton rackets are also the location of the center of gravity, the rigidity of the rod and the rim for bending and torsion. These indicators determine which racket a particular player needs (depending on his playing style).
Strings for modern racquets are made from synthetic materials. In professional rackets, the string tension can reach up to 160 N, while in amateur rackets it is 80-110 N. The diameter of the strings ranges from 0.6 to 0.8 mm, about 10 meters are required per racket.
Shuttlecock. They come in two types - plastic and natural (feather). Plastic shuttles are more durable, but they are only suitable for amateur games, because their flight characteristics are worse than those of feather shuttles.
A plastic shuttlecock consists of a head and a skirt attached to it. A feather wave is made from 16 goose feathers, which are attached to a leather-covered cork head. The weight of such a shuttlecock is about 5 grams.
Playground.
The game takes place on a rectangular court 13.4 by 5.18 meters. The pair game is played on a court measuring 13.4 by 6.1 meters. The height of the net is 1.55 meters at close range, and in the center (sagging) - 1.524 meters. The service lines are 1.98 meters from the net. Between the back line and the service line is the service zone, the center line divides this zone into right and left.
Rules of the game.
At the beginning of the game, lots are thrown, the winner of the lot chooses the serve or side of the court. The game starts from the right pitch. When serving, the shuttlecock is hit only from below; at the moment of hitting, the rim of the racket should not rise above the belt line.
The server and receiver must be within their diagonal service squares and must not step on the lines or move from their place during the kick. When serving, false movements and a blow to the plumage of the shuttlecock are also not allowed.
A player is considered the winner of an individual draw if:
- the shuttlecock hit the opponent's court;
- the opponent sent a wave out of the playing area;
- the opponent during the game touched the net with a racket or body.
Account management system.
The meeting consists of three games up to the 21st point (up to two victories in the games). The side that wins the point adds it to their score. With a score of "20-20", the side that scores 2 points in a row wins the game, with a score of "29-29", the side that takes the 30th point wins the game.
Existing international, European and state (Russia) federations, and other large (state) associations related to the described sport.
Badminton World Federation, Badminton World Federation (http://www.bwfbadminton.org/)
National Badminton Federation of Russia (http://www.badm.ru/)
Badminton Europe - Badminton European Union (http://www.badmintoneurope.com/)
The main competitions in this sport.
Badminton World Federation Tournament, World Super Series Tournament, World Grand Prix Golden Series Tournament, World Cup, European Cup - Challengers, European Cup, European Cup - Futures
All-Russian competitions can be viewed here (http://www.badm.ru/news/federation/1627)
http://www.badminton-forum.ru/ - Independent badminton forum
http://www.ladybadminton.ru/ - Badminton Blog
Sources
http://www.badm.ru/
http://www.badmintoneurope.com/