People's defenders in the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia". Images of people's defenders in Nekrasov's poem Who lives well in Russia People's defenders in Nekrasov's poem

The poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" was written in the mid-70s, during the period of a new democratic upsurge, when Russia was on the verge of revolution. The Narodniks, who preached revolutionary ideas, pinned all their hopes on the peasantry. With the aim of revolutionary propaganda, a mass movement of the intelligentsia to the people began. However, "going to the people" was not crowned with success. The peasant masses remained indifferent to the revolutionary preaching of the Narodniks. The question of how to introduce revolutionary consciousness into the masses of the people, to direct them on the path of active struggle, in the current situation arises especially acutely. In the populist environment at that time, there were disputes about the forms and methods of propaganda in the countryside. In the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the author is also involved in this dispute. Nekrasov did not question the need for a lively connection between the intelligentsia and the people and the effectiveness of revolutionary propaganda among the peasants even when the “going to the people” failed. Grisha Dobrosklonov is such a fighter-agitator who goes along with the people, influencing the consciousness of the peasantry. He is the son of a sexton who lived "poorer than the last seedy peasant" and a "unrequited maid" who salted bread with tears. Hungry childhood and harsh youth brought him closer to the people, determined the life of Gregory.

... about fifteen

Gregory already knew for sure

What will live for happiness

Wretched and dark

A native corner.

In many aspects of his character, Grisha resembles Dobrolyubov. Like Dobrolyubov, Dobrosklonov is a fighter for peasant interests, for all the “offended” and “humiliated”. He wants to be the first there, "... where it is difficult to breathe, where grief is heard." He does not need wealth and concerns about personal well-being are alien. Nekrasov's revolutionary is preparing to give his life for "so that ... every peasant can live freely and cheerfully in all holy Russia!"

Gregory is not alone. Hundreds of people like him have already taken the "honest" path. Like all revolutionaries,

Fate prepared for him

Glorious path, loud name

People's defender,

Consumption and Siberia.

But Gregory is not afraid of the upcoming trials, because he believes in the triumph of the cause, to which he devoted his whole life. He sees that the multimillion people themselves are awakening to the struggle.

The host rises

Innumerable

The strength in her will affect

Unbreakable!

This thought fills his soul with joy and confidence in victory. The poem shows what a powerful effect the words of Gregory have on the Wahlak peasants and on the seven pilgrims, with which they infect them with faith in the future, in happiness for all of Russia.

Grigory Dobrosklonov is the future leader of the peasantry, the spokesman for his anger and reason. His path is hard, but glorious, "only strong, loving souls" enter it, true happiness awaits a person, because the greatest happiness, according to Nekrasov, consists in the struggle for the freedom of the oppressed. To the main question: "Who lives well in Russia?" - Nekrasov answers: fighters for the happiness of the people. This is the meaning of the poem.

Our wanderers would be under their own roof,

If only they could know what happened to Grisha.

He heard immense strength in his chest,

His blessed sounds delighted the ear,

The radiant sounds of the noble anthem -

He sang the embodiment of national happiness.

The poet connects the fate of the people with the successful union of the peasantry and the intelligentsia, offering his solution to the question of how to establish contact and mutual understanding, how to bridge the gap between them. Only the joint efforts of the revolutionaries and the people can lead the peasantry onto the broad road of freedom and happiness. In the meantime, the Russian people are still only on their way to a "feast for the whole world."

The theme of the "national patron" runs through all the work of N. A. Nekrasov, it also sounds in the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia". Many writers and poets have tried to answer the question "What is to be done?" I was looking for an answer to him and Nekrasov in his work. What to strive for in life? What is the real happiness of a person in Russia? What needs to be done to make everyone happy? he asked himself. The poet believed that in order to resolve these issues, people were needed who could enter into the struggle and lead others. He showed such characters in the images of Yakim Nagy, Ermila Girin, Savely Korchagin, Grisha Dobrosklonov. In Yakima Nagom, the peculiar character of the folk lover of truth is presented. He lives a beggarly life, like all the peasantry, but he is distinguished by a rebellious disposition. Yakim is ready to stand up for his rights. This is how he speaks about the people: Every peasant has a Soul that the cloud is black, Wrathful, formidable - and the thunders ought to rattle from there, To pour bloody rains. Yermila Girin is a man whom the people themselves chose as a steward, recognizing his justice. Even as a clerk, Yermila won the authority of the people for the fact that ... he will advise And make inquiries; Where there is enough strength, it will help out, He will not ask for gratitude, And if you give, he will not take it! But Yermila was also guilty: he fenced off his younger brother from the recruitment, but the people forgave him for his sincere repentance. Only Yermila's conscience did not calm down: he left the bailiffs, hired a mill. And again the people fell in love with him for his good treatment, for an equal attitude towards the landowner and the poor, for his kindness. "A gray priest" characterizes Yermila as follows: He had everything that is needed For happiness and tranquility, And money, and honor, Enviable, true honor, Not bought neither by money, Nor by fear: strict truth. Intelligence and kindness. From the priest's statement, it is clear that Jirin achieved honor with "strict truth", "intelligence and kindness." He is worried about the attitude of the people towards him, but Yermila himself judges himself even more severely. He seeks to alleviate the situation of the peasants, to help them financially, although he himself was not yet ready for a revolutionary uprising. Jirin is already satisfied that his conscience is clear, that he makes the lives of others a little easier. Savely the hero represents a different type of Russian peasant. He is the embodiment of strength, courage. Despite the rods and hard labor, he did not accept his fate. “Branded, but not a slave,” he says about himself. Savely embodies the best features of the Russian character: love for the homeland and people, hatred for the oppressors, self-esteem. His favorite word - "give" - ​​helps to see in him a person who knows how to cheer up his comrades, rally, and captivate. Savely is one of those who stood well for the "patrimony." Together with the peasants, he executes the hated manager, the German Vogel. Such as Savely, will not stand aside at the time of peasant unrest. The most conscientious of the "people's defenders" is Grisha Dobrosklonov. He devotes his whole life to the struggle, lives among the people, knows their needs, has an education. The future of Russia, the poet believes, belongs to such as Grisha Dobrosklonov, for whom “fate prepared a glorious path, a resounding name of the people's defender, consumption and Siberia”. Grisha Dobrosklonov's songs reflect his thoughts about ideals in life, his hopes for a brighter future: the share of the people, their happiness, light and freedom above all. In a moment of despondency, O Motherland! I fly forward with a thought. You are still destined to suffer a lot, But you will not perish, I know. In slavery, the saved free Heart is Gold, gold The heart of the people! The image of Grisha Dobrosklonov helps to understand that truly happy is the one on whose side the truth is, on whom the people are hoping, who chooses an honest path for themselves, being “the people's defender”.

In the poem by N.A. Nekrasov, wanderers are looking for the happy. The complex theme of national happiness is hidden behind the search for them.

The images of the people's defenders in the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" are represented by several characters. The author presents each of them in his own way, but they are all close and understandable to the poet. He hopes on them, he trusts the Russian land.

Yakim Nagoy

The toiler, the peasant Yakim is one of those whom the author hopes for. Yakim can become the intercessor of the common people, lead Russia to happiness and prosperity. The man has merged with all his soul with the earth. Outwardly, he became similar to her: wrinkles are like cracks in dried soil, the neck is a layer cut off by a plow, hair is like sand, the skin of the hands is the bark of trees. The plowman himself is a clod of earth on the plow. The author's comparison is significant. The man is not just black and hard as the work of a plowman. The earth gives bread, feeds people. Yakim is the one with whose hands the earth does it, in other words, Yakim is the soul of the earth. When creating the character, the author turned to folk art. He makes the hero similar to the epic heroes, the defenders of Russia. They all work on the earth until their strength is required. Yakima has his own destiny, but it is typical for the described time. The peasant went to work in St. Petersburg. He is smart, observant and considerate. Yakim gains his experience by trying to compete with the merchant. There is in the character of a peasant courage, obstinacy, not everyone could decide on this. The result is a prison. Many brave men end up there. The author emphasizes the personality of the character. A man loves beautiful things, he keeps pictures from fire. The hero's spirituality is also emphasized by the choice of a companion. She, too, protects from fire not money, but icons. Purity of thoughts, hope for justice are the basis of the Yakima Nagogo family.

Nekrasov is surprisingly talented: he ends the story about Yakima with a song about freedom. The great Volga River is a symbol of the breadth and power of the people, the strength of the peasants is inexhaustible, it cannot be hidden or stopped. It will burst out like a river stream.

Ermil Girin

Nekrasov shows that leaders, leaders, who are trusted, appear among the people. If they raise the people, they will follow. Yermil is young, but the men trust him. They prove their boundless loyalty when they give him their last penny. The poet reveals in one episode the whole essence of the Russian person. He does not have a desire for prosperity by any means, he seeks to get everything honestly, deservedly. A man is open to communication, he shares his misfortune, he is not afraid to be ridiculed. The strength of the Russian people lies in unity. How did a young guy become smart? The author suggests: he served as a clerk. Got lost in every story, appreciated a penny. Yermil helped free of charge, realizing that the poor and disadvantaged peasants had no extra money. Fate gives the peasant power. He does not stand the test, commits a sin and repents. Further, he cannot use the gifts of fate. Jirin leases the mill. But even here his character does not change. For a miller, everyone is equal: beggar and rich. The life of that time does not give Yermil the opportunity to become happy alone, when everyone around him is in poverty. He does not go against the rebels and ends up in hard labor. This is how the fate of many people's defenders ends.

Old Man Savely

The Russian land has endowed the peasants with strength. They live a long time, but not easy. Scoop the earth for happy moments. Serfdom is hard and cruel. Savely came out of places where there was less serfdom, in the very depths of the Russian land. He lives in the midst of nature, which brings him up free and strong. Savely is strong as a bear or elk. He takes knowledge and health from nature. The forest endows him with spirit and special qualities, for this the man really loves the forest, as not many can. The peasant could not see the cunning of the German manager, but did not tolerate his abuse. Savely's revolt is sharp, like the swing of a hero's sword. With his shoulder he pushes the German into the well, the peasants bury him alive. The result of the riot is hard labor and settlement. Savely gains wisdom and becomes a person who can explain complex concepts. His speech is an example of the Russian word. "Branded, but not a slave!" - the basis of the character of the people's defender. Savely was not broken, he returned home, but his relatives valued only money in life. The fate of a peasant is an example of how difficult it is for intercessors among people who have surrendered and have lost (or not gained) their real goals in life. Savely - symbolizes the latent power of the people, their intelligence and wisdom.

Grigory Dobrosklonov

In Nekrasov's poem, the image of Grisha is special. The author trusts him for the future of the country. He must become a real protector of the people. The hero grew up in the family of a clerk. In this one can see the strong Orthodoxy of the country. The mother plays an important role in the development of character. This is the feminine principle of the Russian soul, kindness and responsiveness. Grisha understood what he needed to strive for, already in his youth. Then he only moves towards his goal. The young defender is ready to give his life for the happiness of the people. The poet shows him in such a way that it becomes clear that Gregory will achieve his goal. It is interesting that the young man conveys thoughts about patriotism and struggle through songs. He lifts the morale of the people, explains problems and leads to their solution. Someone does not hear the singing of Gregory. Others don't think about words. The poet hopes that there are those who will support Gregory and will go with him.

Mother Nature! when would such people
Sometimes you didn't send to the world
The field of life has died out ...
N.A.Nekrasov. In memory of Dobrolyubov

The poem by N. A. Nekrasov "Who lives well in Russia" is rightfully considered the main book of the poet, his highest achievement. And not only because we have an encyclopedic coverage of Russian reality, a show of representatives of almost all classes of society, typical for a turning point in the history of the country, illuminated by the poetic genius of Nekrasov. The work is multi-layered and multifaceted. The poet created his main book for the people and in the name of the people, expressing their cherished dreams and aspirations. "Who lives well in Russia" sounds like an indictment against the modern poet of the state system.

At the same time, the poem is a hymn to the courage and strength of spirit of the Russian people. Among the gallery of images of sufferers and toilers, crooks and rebels, Nekrasov shows us the people's defender - the one who, having emerged from among the people themselves, will influence their views and beliefs, will be able to lead.
This is the first image in Russian literature of a fighter who emerged from among his people, flesh of his flesh. The son of a rural deacon and a seminarian, Grigory Dobrosklonov does not belong to the clergy, since in Russia since 1868 this category did not enjoy the privileges of the clergy, but lived on the fruits of their labors, that is, eked out the meager existence of a peasant. The poem repeats several times the motive of the hungry childhood of Gregory, who was fed bread in half with the tears of his mother, describes his "emaciated face", life in the seminary,
Where it was dark, cold
Gloomy, stern, hungry,
where they woke up before daylight and waited for "eagerly sitnik", where "they were underfed by the economy grabber."

With a heart filled with love for his own mother and gratitude for the nourishing land, extending a helping hand in difficult times, the hero chooses his path in life. There is no calculation in it, no desire to take the "tornaya road":
Eternal boils there,
Inhuman
Enmity-war
For perishable goods ...
Grisha chooses the "honest road":
They walk along it
Only strong souls
Loving,
For battle, for work.
For the bypassed, for the oppressed ...
This is a conscious choice from the age of fifteen, love for the motherland in his heart merged together with love for a poor mother - and there is no more sincere affection, sincere patriotism, which is why the words "motherland" are so natural in his mouth. Gregory already knew for sure
To whom will he give his whole life
And for whom he will die.
Refusing personal benefits and benefits, he is going to university not for himself, not for a future career, but in order to bring more benefit to his native people.
I don’t need any silver
No gold, but God forbid
So that my fellow countrymen
And to every peasant
Lived at ease - fun
In all holy Russia!
How does this remind Dobrolyubov, whose surname is so easily guessed in the name of the hero, and Rakhmetov, the hero of the novel by N. G. Chernyshevsky "What is to be done?" - whose name was on the lips of the reading public during the writing of the poem. This is what the poem says about them:
Russia has already sent a lot
His sons, marked
The seal of the gift of God,
On honest paths
I mourned many of them
(While the star falls
They are sweeping!).

The figures of N.G. Chernyshevsky, V.G.Belinsky, T.G. Shevchenko are guessed behind the sons of Russia, and Nekrasov brings his hero to this cohort of fighters for the people's happiness.
No matter how dark Vakhlachina is,
No matter how crowded with corvee
And slavery - and she,
Blessing, set
In Grigorie Dobrosklonov
Such a messenger.
Fate prepared for him
Glorious path, loud name
People's defender,
Consumption and Siberia.
It was not for nothing that Nekrasov made his hero a poet, too - his comrade-in-arms in wrestling. His songs "from the heart of himself" are not only evidence of a blood connection with the Russian people, spiritual unity with their world, but also an attempt to comprehend what is happening, to realize his life credo. Following the songs "Hungry" and "Salty", which recreates the gloomy, hopeless pictures of the life of the people, other lines appear, noting the fundamental changes in society, the growth of self-awareness of the people:
Enough! Completed with past settlement.
Completed settlement with the master!
The Russian people are gathering strength
And learns to be a citizen ...
Developing the theme of the growing popular indignation, of the formation of a citizen, Grigory Dobrosklonov composes his main song - "Rus".

He sings about "a saved free heart in slavery," about the mighty power of the people, creating a vivid unique metaphor showing the growth of popular indignation, a revolutionary upsurge:
Russia does not budge
Russia - as killed!
And caught fire in her
The hidden spark -
They got up - not bugged,
They went out - not asked,
Grain by grain
The mountains are worn!
The host rises -
Innumerable
The strength in her will affect
Unbreakable!
He, the only one among the heroes of the poem, Nekrasov considers happy, because, according to the poet-fighter, only a fighter for the people's cause is happy. Nekrasov ends the story about Grisha on an optimistic note, endowing the hero with indestructible strength and, most importantly, faith in a bright future, readiness and desire to give his life for his homeland:
He heard immense sounds in his chest,
His blessed sounds delighted the ear,
The radiant sounds of the noble anthem -
He sang the embodiment of national happiness! ..

Nekrasov in his work "Who Lives Well in Russia" tried to state everything that he knows about the people. Of course, the writer could not help but turn to the topic of people's defenders. Let's try to reveal what the defenders of the people appear in the poem by analyzing the image of Savely, the hero of the Svyatoi Russian.

Travelers learn about Savelya from the story of "happy" Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina. Savely is her father-in-law's father. He lived a long life and, as Matryona said, "he was also lucky."

In his youth, Savely, along with other peasants, endured the cruel abuse of the landowner, who "ruined the people to the bone." But the man was freedom-loving, so he rebelled against the German manager: “And he bends, but he doesn't break, / Doesn't break, doesn't fall ../ Isn't he a hero? / But soon the peasant's patience came to an end. " The peasants buried the German alive in a hole, which he ordered them to dig. For this crime Savely and his accomplices were exiled to hard labor. But even twenty years of "strict hard labor" did not break Savely, "branded, but not a slave," he said. Already at home, another misfortune occurs: Savely overlooked his great-grandson Demushka, and the pigs ate the boy. The old man goes to the monastery. Nekrasov displays the hidden potential of the Russian people in Savely. High moral and ethical qualities, love of freedom and pride show that the peasants are capable of revolution. But people so far only decide on minor riots, and then after many years of patience.

Nekrasov emphasizes in his works that the people are often to blame for all the troubles themselves, because they have come to terms with the current situation and do not raise uprisings. In the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" the image of Savely is the embodiment of latent power, unrealized national potential.

Updated: 2017-04-14

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