Maximum room temperature. What temperature should be at the workplace

Maximum room temperature. What temperature should be at the workplace
Maximum room temperature. What temperature should be at the workplace
18.10.2019

1 WHAT SHOULD BE THE TEMPERATURE IN THE OFFICE? on Thu Mar 31, 7:11 am

Messages. 39

Registration date. -03-27

Where. Orenburg

In order for the employee to be pleasant and comfortable to work, as well as to ensure that his work is effective and efficient, and the functional state, performance and health of the employee does not suffer, Sanitary Rules and Norms SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 “Hygienic Requirements for the Microclimate industrial premises ", approved by the resolution of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia dated 01.10.96 No. 21.

In accordance with clause 1.2 of SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96, sanitary rules apply to microclimate indicators at workplaces of all types of industrial premises and are mandatory for all enterprises and organizations.

Sections 5 and 6 of SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 provide for optimal microclimatic conditions and permissible microclimatic conditions in relation to the performance of work of various categories in cold and warm seasons.

So, for example, for workers in the management sector who work while sitting with little physical stress (category Ia), the air temperature in the room in the cold period should be 22-24 degrees Celsius, and in the warm period - 23-25 ​​degrees.

The rules establish that when the air temperature in the workplace is higher or lower than the permissible values, the time spent at the workplace (continuously or in total per work shift) should be limited. For example, at an air temperature of 29 degrees, the time spent by an employee at the workplace should not exceed 3–6 hours, depending on the category of work.

At the same time, Art. 163 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, it is established that the employer is obliged to provide acceptable conditions for the employees to fulfill the production standards. Therefore, in case of violation of the temperature regime, the employer is obliged to take appropriate measures to eliminate them. This can be either a new ventilation system or the installation of a conventional office air conditioner or a (multi) split system.

If a violation of sanitary standards is revealed during an inspection by the Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation (SES of Russia), the organization may be brought to administrative responsibility. So, for violation of the current sanitary rules, a fine from 10 to 20 thousand rubles is imposed on a legal entity. or suspension of activities for up to 90 days (Article 6.3 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation). Employees have the right to complain about non-compliance with sanitary standards and call the labor inspection.

Each organization is free to choose its own policy for eliminating temperature disturbances in the office space and in the enterprise. However, the installation of climate control equipment contributes to maintaining the rate of productivity, and the money invested will pay off not only in this, but also in subsequent periods, because there are split systems that are designed not only for cooling, but also for heating. This means that such climate technology can be useful in the subsequent cold period.

In the heat, the working day should be shorter

Should the employer shorten the working day in hot weather if the premises where people work is not equipped with air conditioning? I heard that if the air temperature in the room is above 25 degrees, the working day should be shortened. Is it so? Lyudmila (Kursk).

Lawyer Anna GVOZDITSKIKH answers: SanPiN 2.2.4.54896 Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises states that in order to protect workers from possible overheating or cooling, when the air temperature in the workplace is higher or lower than permissible values, the time spent at the workplace (continuously or in total for work shift) should be limited.

The specified SanPiN, of course, refers to the state regulatory requirements for labor protection and primarily solves labor protection issues. It talks about limiting the time spent by workers in the workplace when the maximum permissible temperatures are exceeded on a working day (shift). However, the concept of residence time is not identical to the concept of working hours.

This SanPiN establishes for the employer the obligation to modify the mode of work and rest of work, as required by article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, so that the time spent at a workplace with unfavorable production factors meets hygienic requirements. It seems that this duty can be fulfilled in various ways (letting workers go home earlier, introducing additional breaks, equipping a rest room, moving them to another workplace, etc.).

If the employer does not fulfill this obligation, he simultaneously commits two offenses:

- violation of sanitary rules, since workplaces do not comply with these rules in terms of temperature indicators

- violation of labor legislation, namely labor protection standards, since employees work in unfavorable conditions.

This means that if the employer does not limit the time spent at the workplace at elevated temperatures, does not provide the employee with other work, it turns out that the time spent at the workplace becomes equal to the duration of the daily work (shift).

Consequently, in this case, indeed, overtime hours arise for employees, since they work on the initiative of the employer outside the established working hours for them. Thus, employees can be advised to file complaints with the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare (Rospotrebnadzor) or labor inspections. The fine established by the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation for legal entities for violations of sanitary rules is comparable to the costs of purchasing and installing air conditioners and fans.

The table below shows the possible time spent at work places at an air temperature above the permissible values:

Air temperature at the workplace, С / Time of stay, no more, hour

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By the decree of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus dated April 30, No. 33, Sanitary norms and rules were approved Requirements for the microclimate of workplaces in industrial and office premises... and also the Hygienic standard Indicators of the microclimate of industrial and office premises

Sanitary norms and rules establish requirements for the optimal and permissible microclimate parameters at workplaces in production and office premises of organizations of all forms of ownership, individuals, incl. individual entrepreneurs in order to prevent adverse effects on well-being, functional state, working capacity and human health.

Indicators characterizing the microclimate in industrial and office premises, are:

  • air temperature
  • surface temperature
  • relative humidity
  • air speed
  • heat radiation intensity

At air temperatures above or below permissible values, the employer (along with the use of protective measures against exposure to air temperature) must take organizational measures to regulate the time spent by workers in these conditions

In industrial premises in which the permissible values ​​of microclimate parameters cannot be established due to technological requirements for the production process or economically justified inexpediency, microclimatic conditions should be considered harmful and dangerous... in which the employer should use protective measures for workers, including air conditioning, air spraying, the use of personal protective equipment, the creation of recreation and heating facilities, and also regulate the time of work in hazardous working conditions.

In the Hygienic Standard are given:

  • optimal values ​​of microclimate parameters at workplaces of industrial and office premises
  • permissible values ​​of microclimate parameters at workplaces of industrial and office premises
  • permissible values ​​of the difference in air temperature during the shift horizontally, depending on the category of energy consumption of work
  • permissible values ​​of the air speed range depending on the category of energy consumption of work at an air temperature at workplaces within the range from 26 to 28 С
  • values ​​of the maximum permissible value of the relative humidity of the air at an air temperature at work places of 25 C and above
  • permissible values ​​of the intensity of thermal irradiation of the worker's body surface from production sources
  • permissible values ​​of air temperature in the presence of heat radiation of the worker, depending on the category of energy consumption of work
  • permissible values ​​of the HPS-index, taking into account the duration of the heat load of the environment (in hours), the upper limit
  • permissible air temperature in the sanitary premises of industrial and office premises during the cold season
  • the maximum time spent by an employee at the workplace when the air temperature is higher than the permissible values:
  • the maximum time an employee can stay at the workplace when the air temperature is below the permissible values.

Resolution entered into force on 24.05. of the year.

Also by this decree invalidated Sanitary rules and standards Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises N 9-80-98, approved by the decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Republic of Belarus dated March 25, 1999 No. 12.

Question-answer on the topic

Question

The temperature in the office space is 30 degrees. If the working day is shortened on the basis of SanPin, how should the working day be paid? Does the employer have the right to pay a shorter time, like two-thirds of the salary? An employee's salary consists of salary, length of service, bonus

Answer

No, he has no right.

The time of absence of employees at the workplace is paid in accordance with the generally established procedure - as for the hours actually worked (i.e., as if the employee was working at that time).

See below for documentation.

The rationale for this position is given below in the materials of the Glavbukh System

There is no unequivocal answer to this question in the legislation. There are no official explanations from the regulatory agencies on this issue.

The employer is obliged to provide employees with occupational safety and conditions that meet the requirements of occupational health and safety * (Article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). The sanitary rules and norms that the employer must adhere to when organizing the production process are given in SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96. approved by the decree of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia dated October 1, 1996 No. 21. In particular, this document contains the permissible (limit) values ​​of the air temperature in the premises, depending on the categories of employees. If the air temperature exceeds these standards, then the time spent by employees at the workplace should be limited * (clause 1 of Appendix No. 3 of SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96, approved by the Resolution of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia dated October 1, 1996, No. 21).

An organization can reduce the time spent by employees in the workplace in various ways, for example: *

- introduce additional breaks during the working day

- to reduce the length of the working day.

The order of the employer's actions in case of violation of the temperature regime at the workplace, write down in the internal local document of the organization, for example, in the Labor Regulations * (Article 8. 189 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Moreover, if the temperature regime in the room does not meet the permissible standards, such a deviation must be documented. To do this, the head of the organization issues an order on the creation of a commission for temperature measurements. * The procedure for measuring the temperature regime is given in section 7 of SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96, approved by the Resolution of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia dated October 1, 1996 No. 21. Based on the measurement results, issue a protocol * (p 7.14 SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96, approved by the resolution of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia dated October 1, 1996, No. 21). After that, the head of the organization must decide to take measures to reduce the duration of the stay of employees in the workplace by issuing an order. *

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation does not say how to pay for the absence of employees in connection with the implementation of measures to reduce their stay in the workplace. At the same time, the conduct of such events is an obligation, not the right of the employer * (clause 1.2 of SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96, clause 1 of Appendix No. 3 of SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96, approved by the Resolution of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia dated October 1, 1996 No. 21). This basis allows us to conclude that the time of absence of employees at the workplace is paid in accordance with the generally established procedure - as for the hours actually worked (i.e., as if the employee was working at that time). *

In addition, if a violation of safety and working conditions leads to a danger to the health or life of employees, they have the right to refuse to perform work * (paragraph 5 of part 1 of article 219 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). In this case, pay for the temporary suspension of work as idle time. incurred through the fault of the employer * (Article 157 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Attention: for non-observance of labor protection rules, administrative and criminal liability is provided * (part 1.2 of article 5.27 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, article 143 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).

Deputy Director of the Department

education and human resources of the Ministry of Health of Russia

2. Forms: Labor regulations (fragment). Reduction of the working day due to the employer's non-observance of the temperature regime

Sanitary rules and norms SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 "Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises" (approved by the resolution of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation of October 1, 1996 N 21)

See also Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Norms SanPiN 2.2.4.1294-03 "Hygienic Requirements for the Air Ionic Composition of the Air in Industrial Public Premises", approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation on April 18, 2003.

Hygienic requiements to occupational microclimate

Relative humidity;

Air speed;

Heat radiation intensity.

5. Optimal microclimate conditions

5.1. Optimal microclimatic conditions are established according to the criteria of the optimal thermal and functional state of a person. They provide a general and local sensation of thermal comfort during an 8-hour work shift with minimal stress on thermoregulation mechanisms, do not cause deviations in health, create the prerequisites for a high level of performance and are preferred at workplaces.

5.2. The optimal values ​​of the microclimate indicators must be observed at the workplaces of industrial premises where operator-type work is performed associated with neuro-emotional stress (in cabins, on consoles and technological process control posts, in computer rooms, etc.). The list of other workplaces and types of work in which the optimal microclimate must be ensured is determined by the Sanitary Rules for individual industries and other documents agreed with the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision authorities in the prescribed manner.

See the Rules for labor protection in logging, woodworking industries and during forestry work POT RM 001 - 97, approved by the Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of March 21, 1997 N 15

5.3. The optimal parameters of the microclimate in the workplace should correspond to the values ​​given in

5.4. Air temperature drops in height and horizontally, as well as changes in air temperature during a shift, while ensuring optimal microclimate values ​​at workplaces should not exceed 2 ° C and go beyond the values ​​indicated in Table 1 for certain categories of work.

Table 1

6. Acceptable microclimate conditions

6.1. The permissible microclimatic conditions are established according to the criteria of the permissible thermal and functional state of a person for the period of an 8-hour working day. They do not cause damage or health disorders, but can lead to general and local sensations of thermal discomfort, tension in thermoregulatory mechanisms, deterioration of well-being and decreased performance.

6.2. The permissible values ​​of the microclimate indicators are established in cases when, due to technological requirements, technical and economically justified reasons, the optimal values ​​cannot be ensured.

6.3. The permissible values ​​of the microclimate indicators at workplaces must correspond to the values ​​given in in relation to the performance of work of various categories in the cold and warm periods of the year.

6.4. While ensuring the permissible values ​​of the microclimate in the workplace:

The difference in air temperature in height should be no more than 3 ° С;

The horizontal air temperature difference, as well as its changes during the shift, should not exceed: at - 4 ° C; at - 5 ° C; at - 6 ° C.

In this case, the absolute values ​​of the air temperature should not go beyond the values ​​specified in for certain categories of work.

6.5. At an air temperature at workplaces of 25 ° C and above, the maximum permissible values ​​of the relative air humidity should not go beyond:

70% - at an air temperature of 25 ° C;

65% - at an air temperature of 26 ° C;

60% - at an air temperature of 27 ° C;

55% - at an air temperature of 28 ° C.

6.6. At an air temperature of 26-28 ° C, the air speed indicated in Table 2 for the warm season should correspond to the range:

0.1-0.2 m / s - for work category Ia;

0.1-0.3 m / s - for work category Ib;

0.2-0.4 m / s - for work category IIa;

table 2

Permissible values ​​of microclimate indicators at workplaces of industrial premises

6.7. The permissible values ​​of the intensity of thermal irradiation of workers at workplaces from industrial sources heated to a dark glow (materials, products, etc.) must correspond to the values ​​given in Table 3.

Table 3

6.8. The permissible values ​​of the intensity of thermal irradiation working from radiation sources heated to white and red glow (hot or molten metal, glass, flame, etc.) should not exceed 140 W / m2. In this case, more than 25% of the body surface should not be exposed to radiation and it is mandatory to use personal protective equipment, including face and eye protection.

6.9. In the presence of heat irradiation of workers, the air temperature in the workplace should not exceed, depending on the category of work, the following values:

25 ° С - for work category Ia;

24 ° С - for the category of work Ib;

22 ° С - for work category IIa;

21 ° С - for work category IIb;

20 ° С - for work category III.

6.10. In industrial premises in which the permissible standard values ​​of microclimate indicators cannot be established due to technological requirements for the production process or economically justified inexpediency, microclimate conditions should be considered as harmful and dangerous. In order to prevent the adverse effects of the microclimate, protective measures should be used (for example, local air conditioning systems, air spraying, compensation for the adverse effects of one microclimate parameter by changing another, overalls and other personal protective equipment, rooms for rest and heating, regulation of working hours, in particular , breaks in work, a reduction in the working day, an increase in the duration of vacation, a decrease in the length of service, etc.).

6.11. To assess the combined effect of microclimate parameters in order to take measures to protect workers from possible overheating, it is recommended to use an integral indicator of the thermal load of the environment ( ), the values ​​of which are given in Appendices 2.

6.12. To regulate the time of work within a work shift in a microclimate with an air temperature at workplaces higher or lower than permissible values, it is recommended to follow and Appendices 3.

7. Requirements for the organization of control and methods of measuring the microclimate

7.1. Measurements of microclimate indicators in order to control their compliance with hygienic requirements should be carried out in the cold period of the year - on days with an outside temperature that differs from the average temperature of the coldest winter month by no more than 5 ° C, in the warm period of the year - on days with an outside temperature air, which differs from the average maximum temperature of the hottest month by no more than 5 ° C. The frequency of measurements in both periods of the year is determined by the stability of the production process, the functioning of technological and sanitary equipment.

7.2. When choosing areas and time of measurement, it is necessary to take into account all factors affecting the microclimate of workplaces (phases of the technological process, functioning of ventilation and heating systems, etc.). Measurements of microclimate indicators should be carried out at least 3 times per shift (at the beginning, middle and at the end). With fluctuations in microclimate indicators associated with technological and other reasons, it is necessary to carry out additional measurements at the highest and lowest values ​​of thermal loads on workers.

7.3. Measurements should be taken at workplaces. If the workplace is several sections of the production room, then measurements are carried out on each of them.

7.4. In the presence of sources of local heat generation, cooling or moisture release (heated units, windows, doorways, gates, open baths, etc.), measurements should be taken at each workplace at points that are minimally and maximally remote from sources of thermal effects.

7.5. In rooms with a high density of workplaces, in the absence of sources of local heat generation, cooling or moisture release, the areas for measuring temperature, relative humidity and air velocity should be distributed evenly over the area of ​​the room in accordance with Table 4.

Minimum number of measuring points for temperature, relative humidity and air velocity

7.6. When working in a seated position, the temperature and air velocity should be measured at a height of 0.1 and 1.0 m, and the relative humidity at a height of 1.0 m from the floor or working platform. When working while standing, the temperature and air velocity should be measured at a height of 0.1 and 1.5 m, and the relative humidity at a height of 1.5 m.

7.7. In the presence of sources of radiant heat, thermal radiation at the workplace must be measured from each source, positioning the receiver of the device perpendicular to the incident flux. Measurements should be carried out at a height of 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 m from the floor or platform.

7.8. The temperature of surfaces should be measured in cases where workplaces are located at a distance of no more than two meters from them. The temperature of each surface is measured in the same way as the air temperature measurement according to clause 7.6.

7.9. The temperature and relative humidity of the air in the presence of sources of heat radiation and air flows at the workplace should be measured with aspiration psychrometers. In the absence of radiant heat and air currents in the places of measurement, the temperature and relative humidity of the air can be measured with psychrometers, which are not protected from the effects of thermal radiation and the speed of air movement. Devices that allow separate measurement of air temperature and humidity can also be used.

7.10. The air velocity should be measured with rotary anemometers (vane, cup, etc.). Small values ​​of the air velocity (less than 0.5 m / s), especially in the presence of multidirectional flows, can be measured with thermoelectric anemometers, as well as cylindrical and spherical catathermometers when they are protected from thermal radiation.

7.11. The surface temperature should be measured with contact devices (such as electrothermometers) while remote (pyrometers, etc.).

7.12. The intensity of thermal radiation should be measured with devices that provide the sensor's viewing angle close to the hemisphere (not less than 160 °) and are sensitive in the infrared and visible spectral regions (actinometers, radiometers, etc.).

7.13. The measuring range and permissible error of measuring instruments must meet the requirements

7.14. Based on the results of the study, it is necessary to draw up a protocol, which should reflect general information about the production facility, the location of technological and sanitary equipment, sources of heat generation, cooling and moisture release, a diagram of the location of the microclimate parameters measurement sites and other data.

7.15. In the conclusion of the protocol, an assessment of the results of the measurements performed for compliance with regulatory requirements should be given.

Table 5

Annex 1

(reference)

Characteristics of certain categories of work

2.K category Ia includes work with an energy consumption of up to 120 kcal / h (up to 139 W), performed while sitting and accompanied by insignificant physical stress (a number of professions in enterprises of precision instrument and mechanical engineering, in watchmaking, garment production, in the field of management, etc.).

3.K category Ib includes work with an energy consumption of 121-150 kcal / h (140-174 W), performed while sitting, standing or associated with walking and accompanied by some physical stress (a number of professions in the printing industry, at communications enterprises, controllers, craftsmen in various types of production, etc. etc.).

4.K Category II includes work with an energy consumption of 151-200 kcal / h (175-232 W), associated with constant walking, moving small (up to 1 kg) products or objects in a standing or sitting position and requiring a certain physical stress (a number of professions in machine-assembly shops of machine-building enterprises, in the spinning and weaving industry, etc.).

5.K category IIb includes work with an energy consumption of 201-250 kcal / h (233-290 W) associated with walking, moving and carrying weights up to 10 kg and accompanied by moderate physical stress (a number of professions in mechanized foundries, rolling, forging, thermal, welding machine-building shops and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

6.K Category III includes work with an energy consumption of more than 250 kcal / h (more than 290 W), associated with constant movement, movement and carrying of significant (over 10 kg) weights and requiring great physical effort (a number of professions in forging workshops with hand forging, foundries with manual packing and pouring flasks of machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

Appendix 2

Determination of the heat load index of the environment (THC-index)

1. Index (THC-index) is an empirical indicator characterizing the combined effect of microclimate parameters (temperature, humidity, air velocity and thermal radiation) on the human body.

2. THS-index is determined on the basis of the values ​​of the temperature of the wetted thermometer of the aspiration psychrometer (twl.) And the temperature inside the blackened sphere (tsh).

3. The temperature inside the blackened ball is measured with a thermometer, the reservoir of which is placed in the center of the blackened hollow ball; tш reflects the influence of air temperature, surface temperature and air speed. The blackened ball should have a diameter of 90 mm, the smallest possible thickness and an absorption coefficient of 0.95. The accuracy of measuring the temperature inside the ball is + -0.5 ° C.

4. TNS-index is calculated according to the equation:

HPS = 0.7 x tvl. + 0.3 x tsh.

the thermal load of the environment at the workplaces at which the speed of movement

air does not exceed 0.6 m / s, and the intensity of thermal radiation -

1. In order to protect workers from possible overheating or cooling, when the air temperature at workplaces is higher or lower than permissible values, the time spent at workplaces (continuously or in total for a work shift) should be limited to the values ​​specified in and of this application. At the same time, the average shift air temperature at which workers are during the work shift at workplaces and rest places should not go beyond the permissible air temperature values ​​for the corresponding categories of work indicated in Table 2 of these Sanitary Rules.

Table 1

The rest of the microclimate indicators (relative air humidity, air velocity, surface temperature, heat radiation intensity) at workplaces must be within the permissible values ​​of these Sanitary Rules.

Bibliographic data

1. Guidelines R 2.2.4 / 2.1.8. Hygienic assessment and control of physical factors of production and environment (in the stage of approval).

2. Building codes and regulations. SNiP 2.01.01. "Construction climatology and geophysics".

3. Methodical recommendations "Assessment of the thermal state of a person in order to substantiate the hygienic requirements for the microclimate of workplaces and measures for the prevention of cooling and overheating" N 5168-90 dated 05.03.90. In collection: Hygienic principles of prevention of adverse effects of industrial microclimate on the human body. V. 43, M. 1991, pp. 192-211.

4. Guidelines R 2.2.013-94. Occupational hygiene. Hygienic criteria for assessing working conditions according to indicators of harmfulness and danger of factors of the working environment, the severity and intensity of the labor process. State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia, Moscow, 1994, 42 p.

5. GOST 12.1.005-88 "General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air in the working area".

6. Building codes and regulations. SNiP 2.04.95-91 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning".

_________________________________________________________________

*(1) The temperature of the surfaces of the enclosing structures (walls, ceiling, floor), devices (screens, etc.), as well as technological equipment or its enclosing devices is taken into account.

*(2) At air temperatures of 25 ° C and higher, the maximum values ​​of the relative air humidity should be taken in accordance with the requirements

*(3) At air temperatures of 26-28 ° C, the speed of air movement in the warm season should be taken in accordance with the requirements



A person spends a lot of time at home and at work. Comfort is a very important factor in productivity and overall quality of life. According to sanitary standards, the room temperature should not cause discomfort. The microclimate in the industrial or residential premises must be maintained within appropriate limits.

Do not forget to measure the temperature in the rooms

Living room temperature

Utility bills continue to grow steadily, especially at a difficult time for the country. But despite the increase in tariffs, the quality does not improve, and often decreases.

Of course, tenants' preferences can vary. However, it is worth remembering to what extent the room temperature is in accordance with sanitary standards.

According to medical recommendations, the optimal living conditions for people are 22 degrees Celsius with a humidity of 30%. A higher temperature regime in a room can increase the body's susceptibility to infections, which leads to respiratory diseases.

In this video, you will find out what a comfortable temperature for a child:

Temperature norms for housing:

  • flights of stairs - 14-20 ° C;
  • interroom corridors - 16-22 ° C;
  • hallways, kitchens, living rooms - 18-25 ° C;
  • bedrooms - 18-20 ° C;
  • bathroom - 24-26 ° C.

In order to successfully comply with the norms and maintain the optimal temperature, it will be useful to take care of minimizing losses. Thermal insulation of housing and installation of thermostats on heating devices will help to effectively save heat in the house.

Factors influencing climate regulation

To properly regulate the weather in the house, you need to figure out what it consists of. The indoor climate is influenced by the constant change of many external factors.


Indoor climate is influenced by outdoor weather

Reasons for hesitation:

  • building features of the premises;
  • completion of the heating season;
  • season;
  • nuances of the local climate;
  • geographical latitude of residence;
  • humidity;
  • Atmosphere pressure.

The greatest discomfort for residents arises from the shutdown of heating in the apartment. It is at this point that careful temperature control is required. A sharp hypothermia of the body, as well as overheating, has a negative effect on health.


Men tend to be more comfortable at colder temperatures than women. For children, fine adjustment of the home climate is especially important. In general, it is recommended to stick to 22 ° C. This indicator will suit everyone.

In a room with centralized heating, the thermometer should not fall below the 20 ° C mark. If this happens regularly, this indicates poor performance of the utilities or a low level of thermal insulation.

In this case, you need:

  • file a complaint with the utility company;
  • request a recalculation of payments;
  • purchase alternative heating devices;
  • improve thermal insulation.

The legislation provides for recalculation for poorly provided utilities. It consists in reducing the payment by 0.15% per hour. However, in order to achieve it, you have to go to court.

Standards for office space

Office workers are an important part of any company. Creating the most comfortable conditions not only affects the health and productivity of staff, but also the work of the company as a whole.

The main feature of intellectual work is little physical activity. For this category, the following standards are provided:

  • in summer - 23-25 ​​° C;
  • in winter - 22-24 ° C.

The humidity rate in the office space should be 40-60%. If the microclimate does not meet these parameters, employees have the right to demand from the management to reduce working hours.

If the temperature rises above 29 degrees, the working day is reduced to 3-6 hours. If the column rises to 32, the stay in the office should not exceed one hour. In winter, the shift duration is reduced by an hour, with a reading of 19 ° C, and at thirteen it cannot last more than 1 hour.

The employer should be responsible for maintaining a normal microclimate in the office: the responsibility for non-compliance with sanitary standards lies with him. Continuous violations can lead to temporary office closures for up to 3 months. And also fines of up to 5 thousand rubles are possible - for private entrepreneurs and up to 50 thousand for legal entities.

In addition to temperature indicators, the following factors are taken into account:

  • relative humidity;
  • high-quality ventilation;
  • air speed;
  • the presence of electromagnetic fields;
  • presence of dust.

The illumination in the office is also important. Weak light will constantly strain your eyes and can lead to depression, while too bright will be annoying to people. In insufficiently bright rooms, the issue can be solved with the help of table lamps.

The noise level should not exceed 50 decibels. Constant extraneous sounds, especially loud ones, interfere with concentration and cause headaches. As a result, productivity falls and health problems arise.

Temperatures should be carefully monitored both at home and in the workplace to avoid additional health problems.

The right of workers to work in conditions that meet the requirements of labor protection is established by Art. 219 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Every employee has the right to a workplace that meets labor protection requirements. The obligation to ensure safe working conditions is imposed by legislation on the employer. So, part 1 of Art. 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation establishes that the employer is obliged to ensure the safety of workers in the implementation of technological processes, as well as the working conditions at each workplace that meet the labor protection requirements. According to Art. 11, 32 FZ of 30.03.1999 No. 52-FZ "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population", all individual entrepreneurs and legal entities are obliged to comply with the requirements of sanitary legislation, to carry out production control of compliance with sanitary rules when performing work, providing services, production, transportation, storage and product sales. In addition, in the Russian Federation there are numerous sanitary rules and other bylaws that establish regulatory requirements for labor protection. The problem is that many employers do not comply with labor protection requirements, try to circumvent them, or create the appearance of meeting them at minimal cost.

Temperature regime

One of the factors affecting an employee in the course of work is the temperature regime. Elevated air temperatures in the workplace adversely affect the health of workers and may even threaten their lives if the standard values ​​are significantly exceeded.

Regulatory requirements for the air temperature at workplaces are established by Sanitary Rules and Norms (SanPiN) 2.2.4.548-96 "Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises" (approved by the decree of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation dated 01.10.1996 No. 21). These sanitary rules are aimed at preventing the adverse effects of the microclimate of workplaces and industrial premises on well-being, functional state, working capacity and human health. SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 is mandatory for all enterprises and organizations and applies to the microclimate indicators at workplaces of all types of production facilities. At the same time, industrial premises should be understood as confined spaces in specially designed buildings and structures, where labor activity is carried out constantly (in shifts) or periodically (during the working day). Almost any premises where people work are suitable for this definition: from offices to production halls. Workplace - a section of the premises where labor activity is carried out during a work shift or part of it. A workplace can be several sections of a production facility or its entire area, depending on where the work is performed.

According to clause 1.4 of SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96, the heads of enterprises, organizations and institutions, regardless of the form of ownership and subordination, in order to ensure production control, are obliged to bring workplaces in line with the microclimate requirements provided for by these sanitary rules.

It is obvious that the concept of the microclimate of industrial premises is broader than the concept of temperature. An employee may feel hot and stuffy. But besides the air temperature, other factors also affect it. The microclimate in industrial premises, in addition to air temperature, is characterized by such indicators as surface temperature; relative humidity; air velocity, intensity of thermal radiation. When the permissible values ​​are exceeded, all these factors create a general feeling of discomfort in the employee, lead to a decrease in working capacity, and a deterioration in well-being.

SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 establish optimal and permissible microclimate conditions. This takes into account the intensity of energy consumption of workers, the time of work and the period of the year.

Job categories

All possible works in accordance with Appendix 1 to SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 are divided into categories based on the intensity of the energy consumption of the human body, expressed in kcal / h (W).

Category Ia includes work with an energy consumption of up to 120 kcal / h (up to 139 W), performed while sitting and accompanied by insignificant physical stress (a number of professions in enterprises of precision instrument and mechanical engineering, in watchmaking, sewing, in management, etc. .).

Category Ib includes work with an energy consumption of 121 - 150 kcal / h (140 - 174 W), performed while sitting, standing, or associated with walking and accompanied by some physical stress (a number of professions in the printing industry, at communication enterprises, controllers, craftsmen in various types of production, etc.).

Category IIa includes work with an energy consumption of 151 - 200 kcal / h (175 - 232 W), associated with constant walking, moving small (up to 1 kg) products or objects in a standing or sitting position and requiring a certain physical stress (a number of professions in mechanical assembly workshops of machine-building enterprises, in the spinning and weaving industry, etc.).

Category IIb includes work with an energy consumption of 201 - 250 kcal / h (233 - 290 W), associated with walking, moving and carrying weights up to 10 kg, accompanied by moderate physical stress (a number of professions in mechanized foundries, rolling, forging, thermal, welding shops machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

Category III includes work with an energy consumption of more than 250 kcal / h (more than 290 W), associated with the constant movement, movement and carrying of significant (over 10 kg) weights and requiring great physical effort (a number of professions in forging workshops with hand forging, foundries with manual filling and pouring of flasks at machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

Seasonal factor

Cold and warm periods of the year, according to p. 3.3, 3.4 SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96, are characterized by an average daily outside air temperature equal to +10 and below (cold period) and above +10 (warm period).

Optimal microclimate conditions are established according to the criteria of the optimal thermal and functional state of a person and provide a general and local sensation of thermal comfort during an 8-hour work shift with minimal stress on the mechanisms of human thermoregulation, do not cause deviations in the state of health, and create the prerequisites for high performance. Such microclimate conditions are naturally the most preferable in workplaces. It is this microclimate that exists in the workplaces of top managers and senior managers.

For the warm season, SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 sets the following optimal air temperature indicators, depending on the category of work by the level of energy consumption:

Iа - 23 - 25

Ib - 22 - 24

IIa - 20 - 22

IIb - 19 - 21

III - 18 - 20

When, due to technological requirements, for technical and economically justified reasons, optimal working conditions cannot be provided, SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 establish permissible microclimate conditions. The permissible microclimatic conditions are established according to the criteria of the permissible thermal and functional state of a person for the period of an 8-hour work shift. Acceptable microclimate conditions do not cause damage or impairment of health, but can lead to general and local sensations of thermal discomfort, tension in thermoregulatory mechanisms, deterioration of well-being and decreased performance.

For the warm season, depending on the category of work, the following permissible air temperature values ​​are set in the range above the optimal values:

Ia - 25.1 - 28

Ib - 24.1 - 28

IIa - 22.1 - 27

IIb - 21.1 - 27

III - 20.1 - 26

If these indicators of air temperature at the workplace in the warm season are exceeded, there is a fact of inconsistency of working conditions with labor protection requirements and, consequently, violation of labor protection requirements by the employer.

Harmful and hazardous working conditions

In some industries, there are certain types of industries where it is impossible to establish permissible microclimate conditions due to technological requirements for the production process or economically justified inexpediency (for example, metallurgical, pulp and paper production, etc.). Obviously, it is impossible to hang air conditioners on a blast furnace in order to achieve acceptable air temperatures. The microclimate in such industries will always be unfavorable. In such industrial premises, working conditions should be considered as harmful and dangerous. In order to prevent the adverse effects of the microclimate on employees, the employer, in accordance with clause 6.10 of SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96, is obliged to use protective measures, such as: the use of local air conditioning systems; air spraying; compensation for the adverse effects of increased air temperature by changing other parameters of the microclimate; issuance of appropriate overalls and other personal protective equipment to employees; changes in the regulation of working hours, including the establishment of breaks in work, a reduction in the working day, an increase in the duration of vacation, etc.

Appendix 3 to SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 sets limits on the time spent by workers in the workplace in the event of a deviation of the air temperature from the permissible standard indicators, depending on the category of work. So, at an air temperature of 32.5 and work categories Ia, Ib, workers can stay at the workplace for no more than 1 hour (continuously or in total per work shift); workers whose work belongs to categories IIa, IIb can be at the workplace for 1 hour at an air temperature of 31.5; and on jobs of category III, workers can work no more than 1 hour at an air temperature of 30.5. Consequently, when the specified air temperature values ​​are exceeded, it is at least unsafe to work even for the shortest time, work in such conditions is generally not provided for by sanitary rules. Unfortunately, this Appendix is ​​advisory in nature and does not oblige employers to strictly follow it. Nevertheless, his recommendations are quite reasonable, and if the employer, who does not provide acceptable microclimate conditions in the workplace, does not want to follow the recommendations, then he must take other measures to protect workers from the adverse effects of high air temperatures and other microclimate factors. The employer can increase the duration of the lunch break to two hours (Article 128 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation), because in the overwhelming majority of organizations it is one hour; introduce additional breaks at their enterprises and organizations; shorten the working day. According to Part 1 of Art. 109 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation for certain types of work provides for the provision of special breaks to employees during working hours due to the technology and organization of production and labor. The types of these works, the duration and procedure for granting such breaks are established by the internal labor regulations. The employer, taking into account the opinion of the trade union body, can introduce appropriate provisions into these rules and establish additional breaks. Also, no one prevents employers from taking measurements of the air temperature at workplaces and issuing an order to reduce the working day on the basis of SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96. Thus, there are still opportunities to protect workers from the adverse effects of heat.

It should be noted that for violation of legislation in the field of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, expressed in violation of the current sanitary rules and hygienic standards, failure to comply with sanitary and hygienic and anti-epidemic measures, administrative responsibility is provided (Article 6.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation). This offense entails a warning or the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of 100 to 500 rubles; for officials - from 500 to 1000 rubles; for persons engaged in entrepreneurial activity without forming a legal entity - from 500 to 1000 rubles. or administrative suspension of activities for up to 90 days; for legal entities - from 10,000 to 20,000 rubles. or administrative suspension of activities for up to 90 days.

How to influence the employer

Eliminating the adverse effect on workers of increased air temperature, creating permissible (especially optimal) conditions for the microclimate of industrial premises is not cheap, it requires significant financial costs from the employer. For this reason, many employers neglect sanitary rules and do not create proper working conditions (and some do it simply because they do not care about employees). And the workers themselves often contribute to the occurrence of such situations, being afraid to tell the management about the unbearable conditions at the workplace, about violations of labor protection rules. (Apparently, this is how the majority of Russian workers work: first we lose health, earning money, and then we already lose money, trying to restore health ...)

However, if the employer does not provide acceptable microclimate conditions, employees have many opportunities to influence such an unscrupulous employer and protect their right to work in a healthy and safe environment.

Article 45 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation reads: "Everyone has the right to defend their rights and freedoms in all ways that are not prohibited by law." An employee has the right to protect his labor rights, freedoms and legal interests in all ways not prohibited by law (part 1 of article 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). This method is directly provided for by labor legislation - it is the employee's self-defense of labor rights.

In accordance with Art. 379 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation for the purpose of self-protection of labor rights, an employee, having notified the employer or his immediate supervisor or another representative of the employer in writing, may refuse to perform work that directly threatens his life and health, except for cases provided for by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and other federal laws. (For example, according to Article 4 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, an employee will not be able to refuse work performed in emergency conditions, that is, in the event of a disaster or threat of disaster - fires, floods, hunger, earthquakes, epidemics or epizootics, and in other cases threat to life or normal living conditions of the entire population or part of it.) In addition, Part 1 of Art. 219 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation expressly provides for the right of an employee to refuse to perform work if there is a danger to his life and health due to violation of labor protection requirements (except for cases provided for by federal laws), until such a hazard is eliminated. At the time of refusal from such work, the employee retains all the rights provided for by labor legislation and other acts containing labor law norms. And the employer or his representatives do not have the right to prevent employees from exercising self-protection of labor rights (Article 180 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

If the employee refuses to perform work in the event of a danger to his life and health, the employer is obliged to provide him with another job for the duration of the elimination of the hazard (part 4 of article 220 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). If the provision of another job is not possible, the employer, in accordance with Part 1 of Art. 57 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, is obliged to pay the employee the downtime arising in connection with the lawful refusal to perform work, in the amount of at least 2/3 of the employee's average earnings. This is due to the fact that in accordance with Part 1 of Art. 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, obligations to ensure safe conditions and labor protection are imposed on the employer, and downtime caused by the failure to fulfill these obligations is considered as downtime due to his fault.

To force the employer to provide acceptable temperature conditions at the workplace, employees can use the following sequence of actions. (These actions will be most effective if all workers working in unfavorable conditions, or most of them, stand up to defend their rights - collective action is always more effective.)

First of all, workers need to jointly measure the air temperature in their workplaces. To do this, you can use a regular household thermometer. To avoid errors (if the thermometer is of poor quality or faulty), several different thermometers can be used.

The obtained air temperature values ​​are compared with the requirements of SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96. If the air temperature exceeds the permissible standard values, then the working conditions pose a threat to the health and life of workers, and they have the right to refuse to work until the employer eliminates this hazard.

Further, the obtained air temperature values ​​must be recorded by drawing up an appropriate act. The act must be drawn up in duplicate, signed by at least three employees, but it will be better if it is signed by all employees who observed the temperature measurement. The content of the act, see Appendix 1.

One copy of the act must be handed over to the immediate supervisor or another representative of the employer and require him to sign on the second copy, which remains with the employees, as well as the date and time of acceptance of the copy of the act. If the employer's representative refuses to accept the act or make a mark of acceptance, you can deliver the act to him in the presence of at least two (or better, as many as possible) witnesses. In such a situation, it is not bad to record the moment of delivery of a copy of the act on video, if this is not prohibited by the rules established in the organization.

Then each of the employees, in accordance with the requirements of Art. 379 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, must notify the employer of his refusal to work. This can be done by issuing an appropriate notification (see Appendix 2).

The notification is drawn up by each employee in two copies, one of which, with a copy of the Act attached to it, is handed to the employer's representative, and the second, with a note of the employer's representative on receipt, remains with the employee.

During the period of refusal to work, the employee may be absent from the workplace. After the employer informs about the elimination of the danger to the health of the employee, the latter is obliged to start work again.

Annex 1

The act on revealing the violation of labor protection requirements

Date, place of drawing up the act (it is enough to indicate the name of the city where the organization is located)

We, the undersigned _______________ (the names of the employees are listed), drew up this Act stating that _______________2011 at ___ h. ___ min. (date and time of temperature measurement) at the workplace ______________________________

(the workplace is concretized by indicating its location - organization, workshop, site, premises - and the name of the position of the employee who works on it) the air temperature was ____ o C.

____________ / _____________ / "___" ____________2011

____________ / _____________ / "___" ____________2011

(signatures of employees with a decrypted signature and date)

Appendix 2

To the head of the shop (department, site, etc.) _______________________

from _______________________ (full name, employee position)

Notification

I hereby notify you that the air temperature at my workplace exceeds the permissible values ​​established by SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96, approved. Resolution of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation dated 01.10.1996 No. 21.

In this regard, guided by Art. 21, 219, 220, 379 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, I refuse to perform work in conditions that threaten my health until this danger is eliminated. Ready to start work again after receiving written notification of the elimination of the hazard.

According to Art. 157, 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the downtime that arose in connection with my refusal to perform work due to the employer's failure to comply with labor protection requirements, please pay at least 2/3 of my average earnings.

Appendix: copy of the Act dated _________2011

"___" __________2011 ________ / _________ / (date, signature with decryption)

The legislation obliges employers to protect employees from the harmful effects of industrial and climatic factors. Unfortunately, employers are often either unable to cope with or unwilling to fulfill these responsibilities, so workers have to take care of their own safety, refusing to work in hazardous conditions.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation guarantees citizens the protection of their rights and freedoms by all means not prohibited by law (Article 45). In order to protect their labor rights, an employee may:

Refuse to perform work not provided for by an employment contract

Refuse to perform work that directly threatens his life and health (Article 379 of the Labor Code)

Suspend work in cases of delayed wages for more than 15 days (Article 142 of the Labor Code).

The most relevant is the second point of self-protection of the employee's rights: refusal to perform work that directly threatens his life and health, with the exception of cases stipulated by federal laws.

Temperature is often one of the main hazards in the workplace.

In the summer season, the workplaces are unbearably hot, and in the winter - cold. And the bosses have expensive air conditioners in their offices, so they don't care much about our problems. But there is a regulatory document - SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 "Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises", which sets the optimal and permissible levels of air temperature in the workplace.

Summer, heat, work, or how to defend the right to normal working conditions.

We are not a grill

The grill is not us!

Summer has come, and with them hot days. Well, if the vacation is a summer house-sea. And if the city, work and the temperature at the workplace are like a desert during the day, and the employer is not blowing? It is good to remember here article 379 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. which reads. “For the purpose of self-defense of labor rights, an employee, having notified the employer or his immediate supervisor or another representative of the employer in writing, may refuse to perform work not provided for by the employment contract, as well as refuse to perform work that directly threatens his life and health, with the exception of cases provided for by this Code and other federal laws. At the time of refusal from the specified work, the employee retains all the rights provided for by labor legislation and other acts containing labor law norms ", SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96" Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises ". setting permissible levels of air temperature at workplaces, Appendix No. 7 of the Guidelines R 2.2.2006.05. which regulates protection by time when working in a heating microclimate.

Now in more detail. SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 normalizes the air temperature at the workplace, depending on the category of work. based on the intensity of the total energy expenditure of the body in kcal / h (W). Without going into details, you can roughly define the category of work according to Appendix No. 1 GOST 12.1.005-88 Occupational Safety Standards System General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area as follows: category Ia includes work performed while sitting and accompanied by slight physical stress (a number of professions at enterprises precision instrument and mechanical engineering, in watchmaking, sewing, in the field of management, etc.).

  • Category Ib includes work performed while sitting, standing or associated with walking and accompanied by some physical stress (a number of professions in the printing industry, at communications enterprises, supervisors, foremen in various types of production, etc.)
  • Category IIa includes work associated with constant walking, moving small (up to 1 kg) products or objects in a standing or sitting position and requiring a certain physical stress (a number of professions in mechanical assembly shops of machine-building enterprises, in spinning and weaving, etc.)
  • category IIb includes work associated with walking, moving and carrying weights up to 10 kg and accompanied by moderate physical stress (a number of professions in mechanized foundries, rolling, forging, thermal, welding shops of machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.)

    • Category III includes work associated with constant movement, movement and carrying of significant (over 10 kg) weights and requiring great physical effort (a number of professions in forging shops with hand forging, foundries with manual filling and pouring of flasks of machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc. .NS.)

    The warm period of the year is the period of the year characterized by an average daily (this is important) outside air temperature above + 10 ° С

    At what temperature in winter is it possible not to go to work?

    Related article

    Workers in production

    At extremely low temperatures, the work of specialists in some professions stops, and the working hours of employees of those offices that are poorly heated are also reduced. Working in cold weather in the open air or in closed unheated rooms is regulated by article 109 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

    According to the document, persons working in the open air must be provided with work breaks for heating, which must be included in working hours. The duration and number of breaks is determined by the management of the company in conjunction with the trade union organization.

    The work of bricklayers stops at a temperature of -25 C with a wind of more than three points or a temperature of -30 C without a wind.

    The work of representatives of other professions associated with being in the open air stops at a temperature of -27 C with a wind of more than three points or a temperature of -35 C without a wind.

    If the activity is related to equipment that was out of order during the cold weather, the forced downtime should be paid at the rate of two-thirds of the salary.

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    Office workers

    For office workers, weather conditions, according to the law, do not affect their work. Only the temperature at the workplace is taken into account. Working conditions are regulated by the sanitary rules and norms SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises.

    According to the document, those who work indoors are conventionally divided into five categories.

    * 1a - sedentary work. This includes executives, office workers, sewing and watchmaking workers. For them, the most comfortable room temperature is +22 C - +24 C.

    * 1b - if you spend the whole day on your feet. For example, these are controllers, sales consultants. They should work at +21 C - +23 C.

    * 2a- work involves some physical stress. For example, guides, employees at boring shops at machine-building enterprises. The optimum temperature for them is +19 C - + 21 C.

    * 2b - work related to walking and carrying weights up to ten kilograms. These are mainly factory workers - locksmiths, welders. For them, the room temperature should be +17 C - +19 C.

    Related article

    * 3 - involves hard physical labor, for example, in foundries and blacksmiths. The same category includes loaders who carry furniture and equipment heavier than ten kilograms. For them, the temperature is slightly lower - + 16 C - + 18 C.

    When the temperature at the workplace drops by 1 degree below the norm, the working time is reduced by 1 hour. Thus, at a temperature of +19 C, the working day of an office worker will be 7 hours, +18 C - 6 hours, and so on. At a temperature of +12 C and below, work stops and, in accordance with article 157 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, working hours in this case are paid by the employer in the amount of at least two-thirds of the tariff rate.

    Kindergarten

    The kindergarten works at any outside temperature. But according to the sanitary standards SanPiN 2.4.1.1249-03, at an air temperature below -15 C and a wind speed of more than 7 m / s, the duration of the walk is reduced. The walk is not carried out at an air temperature below -15 C and a wind speed of more than 15 m / s for children under 4 years old, and for children 5-7 years old at an air temperature below -20 C and a wind speed of more than 15 m / s (for the middle lane ).

    School

    The standards that are in force today regarding school attendance by children in severe frosts are as follows:

    Related article

    At a temperature of -25 C, schoolchildren of grades 1-4 of rural schools do not study

    At a temperature of -27 C - schoolchildren of grades 1-4 of urban and rural schools

    At a temperature of -30 C and below, all schoolchildren do not study - from grades 1 to 11

    At the onset of the above temperatures, the Ministry of Education issues the corresponding orders. But the decision to stop classes due to frosty weather is made by the management of each educational institution independently. If such a decision is made, the child can take a break from school based on it.

    Not only temperature, but also the strength of the wind affects the cancellation of classes in schools. Typically, the temperature threshold for school cancellation due to wind drops by 2-3 degrees.

    Cancellation of school classes in the regions

    For the northern regions of the country, the temperature limits for canceling classes are lower. In the Urals, the following cancellation scale is applied:

    25 С - -28 С - kids don't go to school,

    28 С - -30 С - pupils of grades 5-9 do not study,

    30 С - -32 С - high school students may not come.

    In Siberia, primary classes do not study at -30 C degrees. Schoolchildren in grades 5-9 may not come if the thermometer drops to -32 C and -35 C. High school students do not go to school if it is -35 C - -40 C.

    In Yakutia, so that pupils of grades 1-4 do not go to school, the thermometer must drop to -40 C degrees. For high school students, the temperature should be -48 C, and high school students do not go to school only if it is -50 C.

    Labor intensity categories

    1. (category Ia)- sedentary work. (a number of professions in enterprises of precision instrument and mechanical engineering, in watchmaking, sewing, in the office, in the field of management, and the like).
    2. (category Ib)- when you periodically stand or walk. (a number of professions in the printing industry, at communications enterprises, controllers, craftsmen in various types of production, and the like).
    3. (category IIa)- constant walking, moving small items (up to 1 kg). (a number of professions in the mechanical assembly shops of machine-building enterprises, in the spinning and weaving industry, and the like).
    4. (category IIb) - when you carry weights up to 10 kg. (a number of professions in mechanized foundries, rolling, forging, thermal, welding shops of machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, and the like).
    5. (category III)- constant movement, carrying loads over 10 kg. (a number of professions in forging shops with hand forging, foundries with manual filling and pouring of flasks of machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, and the like).

    Temperature standards for these categories of jobs are different.

    For example, for 1a and 1b, you can work full time only when the temperature is not higher than + 28 °. But if the thermometer shows + 32.5 °, know: you need to work no more than one hour.

    The most stringent requirements for category 3. The maximum temperature for an 8-hour work shift is + 26 °, and for # 171 one-hour # 187 it is enough to fix + 30.5 ° on the thermometer.

    It is necessary to notify the boss

    In order to know what the temperature is at work, it is better for workers to buy a thermometer themselves, at least for a household one. The readings of such a thermometer will not be considered official, but you will know the temperature. And if the thermometer shows 40 degrees, then the temperature is clearly more than the established norm.

    If the temperature exceeds the permissible limits, it creates a hazard to the health of the worker.

    But according to labor legislation, an employee cannot leave everything and go home, ”explains Zoya Osos, head of the occupational health department of the Minsk City Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology. - He must report the temperature rise to the authorities, otherwise it will be considered unauthorized absence from the workplace. But if the boss does not want to listen to anything, find out the telephone number of the regional sanitary station by reference, and call and complain.

    Zoya Mikhailovna says that the fines for inhuman leaders are substantial - from 5 to 30 basic units. And the culprit pays them out of his salary.

    I want to pay special attention to the accuracy of temperature measurement, - adds Zoya Osos. - Even if you have a very good thermometer, its readings cannot become the basis for a fine. Indeed, according to the law, only accredited laboratories or departments can measure and record the temperature in our country. But this is not your concern, but the sanitary station.

    Zoya Mikhailovna reminds that, in addition to the sanitary station, you can also complain to your trade union and the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection. It is their direct responsibility to enforce your rights at work.

    Temperature standards for stores

    In stores in the summer, it should be from +13 to + 30 degrees. That is, if you are a loader, seller or commodity expert, and in June you have +32 at work - demand justice (air conditioning or going home).

    Trade union action

    At a regular meeting with the administration on June 18, the Free Trade Union of OJSC "Polotsk-Steklovolokno" raised the issue of observing temperature standards in production workshops. Deputy Chief Engineer Vladimir Yushkevich showed a plan of measures aimed at maintaining the temperature standards in the shops. The trade union suggested that the administration pay more attention to such measurements as: the temperature of the surfaces of structures, the speed of air movement, the intensity of thermal radiation, and the thermal load of the environment.

    The administration confirmed its commitment to dispense mineral water to workers when the outside temperature reaches 25 ° C. Order of the General Director on dispensing water No. 270 was signed on May 20, with the corresponding instructions to the heads of workshops No. 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12. Order signed just on the day when the article "Temperature in the workshops exceeded the norm" was posted on our website.

    The free trade union proposed to the administration to supplement the collective agreement with a legal norm on the issue of drinking mineral water to workers.

    From a letter from the trade union

    The trade union receives complaints from workers about non-compliance with the microclimate parameters in production facilities during the warm season.

    In accordance with the Sanitary Norms and Rules "Requirements for the microclimate of workplaces in industrial and office premises",

    approved by the Resolution of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus dated April 30, No. 33

    28 o C is the maximum temperature in a production room for a worker with a minimum level of intensity of energy consumption of the body and with an 8-hour working day.

    21 o C is the maximum allowable temperature value air in the presence of heat radiation of the worker for the category of energy consumption of work associated with walking, moving and carrying weights up to 10 kg and accompanied by moderate physical stress (for example, operators of obtaining fiberglass).

    By the decree of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus dated April 30, No. 33 - on the temperature at workplaces - you can see here .

    The administration made a plan

    Deputy Chief Engineer for Labor Protection Vladimir Yushkevich showed a plan of measures aimed at maintaining temperature standards in workshops in the summer, which has not yet been approved by the director. The deadlines are set for mid-summer and later. People say, # 8212 until the thunder breaks out, the director, the man, will not move.

    The chairman of the Belkhimprofsoyuz Natalya Murashko said that there is an agreement with the administration to measure the temperature in the workshops three times a day. But the deputy. The chief engineer did not confirm this agreement, he said that measurements in the shops are made once at 12 noon. (for example, on the day of the meeting, June 18, the temperature in shop No. 7 was, according to the administration's measurements, 18 0 С). But the maximum temperature in the shops is observed in the evening shift at 17 # 8212 18 hours.

    According to the established standards, not only the air temperature should be taken into account, but also the temperature of the surfaces of the enclosing structures (walls, ceiling, floor), devices (screens, etc.), as well as technological equipment or its enclosing devices.