The face of Russian nationality. The face of the Russian nationality of the most Russian surnames

In conclusion, since my letter to S.A. Petukhov, written immediately after reading the article, remained unanswered, we will provide comments and suggestions from it here.

First, there are many inaccuracies and inaccuracies in it, which would be easy to remove if you showed us the article, as you promised more than once. I can then list them for you. But even such trifles as "huge megalopolises" (which is a tautology) weaken the article, especially since there are few megalopolises, and we were talking about large cities, of which there are many. And we said that they absorb the gene pool, absorbing migrations from the village and not reproducing themselves. And the reproduction of the population and gene pool comes at the expense of small towns and villages. Andrey described the situation to you remarkably well, but for some reason you did not listen to us.
Secondly, the article contains a number of factual errors.
1. First of all, these are "primordially" Russian genes, which do not exist at all! And my colleagues just know how actively I always oppose such poetic generalizations, which are harmful both to science and to people themselves - of any peoples and nationalities. Again, Andrei, seeing only a few phrases that you sent him, very accurately described the real situation to you. And again - alas!
2. You call Kemerovo Kuban - and they are so geographically and historically far from each other that they are related only by the letter of the alphabet. If we were to compare the list of all-Russian surnames (which, by the way, cannot be called "the most Russian") with the Kuban Cossacks, then it would not be reduced by seven surnames, but perhaps by half! And you draw political conclusions from such a substitution of regions
3. You call the data on mitochondrial DNA data on the Y chromosome - there is no data on the Y chromosome at all for the peoples you are writing about! You simply describe the same picture with the position of peoples in terms of mtDNA twice, call them once igreki, and then - mtDNA. Such games look somehow undignified.
4. Dermatoglyphics. There is generally a lot of confusion - "loops" instead of curls (and this is not an image - a term) and so on. But the main. What did I tell you about the differences between distant peoples - citing the example of the Oroks of Sakhalin. And within the limits of one Russian people, regional differences are so small that they cannot serve as a basis for professional selection and production planning.
5. The rest - later ..
Thirdly (we go in ascending order of importance), the rules of ethics - scientific and simply human - have been violated.
1. You have brought generalized photographs without links to their authors - very famous, respected and loved by me! And it looks like these photos are taken from our book "Russian Gene Pool", meaning that I am engaged in scientific theft. Horror!
2. Our "Western" colleagues have never imposed any moratorium, about which you so persistently write. It is just elementary scientific ethics - to provide joint data only in joint articles. And on the contrary, our "Western" colleagues not only created all the conditions for work and an amazingly creative environment for us, but also hurry us in every possible way to write these joint articles! This is more like an "anti-moratorium".
3. You have promised more than once to show me the article and accept our edits. And they broke their promise. If you had warned that we are only talking about "quotes" - of course, I would be much more careful and restrained.
4. We told you that the proximity of Lvov to the Tatars should not be given importance - the data on the Tatars are not very reliable.
5. There are still very incorrect points, but more about them later.

Let's move on to something that already requires an urgent correction of the situation! We are talking about the map from which you took a purely technical outline and passed off as our map one that completely contradicts everything - both scientific views, and results, and morality, finally. This contour is just a zone of reliable prediction, which can be made according to our studied populations, and has nothing to do with "primordiality"! This is just the part of the territory that we have studied - if we had studied the Chinese as well, then China would also have entered this territory. Depending on the location of the populations and the given reliability parameters, this contour varies enormously: from a dozen small areas to the whole of Eurasia! To interpret it in a political context, replacing our card with your own, is just awful! And after all, when we build a similar map for the Ukrainians, their reliability contour also goes very far to Russia! And also for Estonians. And for any nation!
To rectify the situation without making all this public, it is urgent to give an urgent continuation of the publication, in which everything that can be corrected and a map of genetic distances from the Russian people (to smooth out the possible consequences of your "map of primordially Russian genes"). You can also give from the Ukrainian - for equality. The distance map really shows the population of which territories are genetically similar to the averaged gene pool, which are distant, and most importantly, it shows a whole range of transitions.

Russian scientists have completed and are preparing for publication the first large-scale study of the gene pool of the Russian people. Vlast's correspondents got acquainted with the results of this study and realized that their publication could have unpredictable consequences for Russia and the world order.

For a long time, the self-identification of the Russian people was hampered by the Soviet state ideology of internationalism. An additional obstacle was the defeat of genetics as a science in the Soviet Union and its replacement by Michurin's pseudoscience, according to which heredity did not exist in nature at all. The situation began to change only in the late 1960s, when American scientists published the sensational results of a study of the genotype of a typical American. The result of genetic screening of the US population really went beyond academic science and caused a real shock among American citizens. It turned out that in less than 200 years of American statehood, its reference citizen - white, of Anglo-Saxon origin and Protestant religion - became genetically 30% black. The results of the Americans interested Soviet officials, so the first laboratories for human population genetics were created in the USSR. They were engaged exclusively in the study of the heredity of small peoples, and most of the results obtained were immediately stamped "for official use." Studies of the titular nation could only be carried out by anthropological methods.

Entertaining anthropology

Over the course of several decades of intense research, anthropologists have managed to reveal the appearance of a typical Russian person. To do this, they had to translate into a single scale all the photographs from the photo library of the Museum of Anthropology with full face and profile images of typical representatives of the population of the Russian regions of the country and, combining them according to the pupils of the eyes, superimpose them on top of each other. The final photographs turned out, of course, blurry, but gave an idea of ​​the appearance of the reference Russian people. This was the first truly sensational discovery. After all, similar attempts by French scientists led to a result that they had to hide from the citizens of their country: after thousands of combinations of the obtained photographs of the reference Jacques and Marianne, they looked at gray faceless ovals of faces. Such a picture, even among the French, who are most distant from anthropology, could raise an unnecessary question: is there a French nation at all?

Unfortunately, anthropologists did not go further than creating photographic portraits of typical representatives of the Russian population of different regions of the country and did not superimpose them on each other in order to get the appearance of an absolute Russian person. They explained this to the "authorities" by the allegedly scientific lack of informational content of such work, but in the end they were forced to admit that for such a photo they could have gotten into trouble at work. By the way, the "regional" sketches of Russian people were published in the general press only in 2002, and before that they were published in small editions only in scientific publications for specialists. It is only in this issue that Vlast fills this gap in Russian anthropology and for the first time publishes photographs of absolutely Russian people, obtained by us by superimposing the faces of "regional" Russian people. Now you can judge for yourself how similar they are to the typical cinematic Ivanushka and Marya.

Unfortunately, mostly black-and-white old archival photos of the faces of Russian people do not allow to convey the height, physique, color of the skin, hair and eyes of a Russian person. However, anthropologists have created a verbal portrait of Russian men and women. They are of medium build and medium height, light brown-haired with light eyes - gray or blue. By the way, in the course of the research, a verbal portrait of a typical Ukrainian was also obtained. The standard Ukrainian differs from the Russian only in the color of his skin, hair and eyes - he is a dark-skinned brunette with regular facial features and brown eyes. A snub nose turned out to be absolutely uncharacteristic for the Eastern Slav (found only in 7% of Russians and Ukrainians), this feature is more typical for Germans (25%).

However, anthropological measurements of the proportions of the human body are not even the last, but the century before last of science, which has long received at its disposal the most accurate methods of molecular biology, which make it possible to read all human genes. And the most advanced methods of DNA analysis today are considered to be sequencing (reading by letter of the genetic code) of mitochondrial DNA and DNA of the human Y-chromosome. Mitochondrial DNA is passed down through the female line from generation to generation, almost unchanged since the time when the progenitor of humanity, Eve, climbed down from a tree in East Africa. And the Y chromosome is present only in men and therefore is also transmitted practically unchanged to the male offspring, while all other chromosomes, when transmitted from father and mother to their children, are shuffled by nature, like a deck of cards before being dealt. Thus, in contrast to indirect signs (appearance, body proportions), sequencing of mitochondrial DNA and DNA of the Y-chromosome indisputably and directly indicates the degree of kinship of people.

Entertaining genogeography

In the West, human population genetics have successfully used these methods for two decades. In Russia, they were used only once, in the mid-1990s, when identifying tsarist remains. The turning point in the situation with the use of the most modern methods for studying the titular nation of our country occurred only in 2000. The Russian Foundation for Basic Research has allocated about half a million rubles from state budget funds for the study of the gene pool of the Russian people. It is impossible to implement a serious program with such funding. But it was more a landmark than just a financial decision, indicating a change in the country's scientific priorities. For the first time in Russian history, scientists from the Laboratory of Human Population Genetics at the Medical Genetics Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, who received a grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, were able to fully focus on the study of the gene pool of the Russian people, and not small peoples, for three years. And limited funding only spurred their ingenuity. They supplemented their molecular genetic studies with an analysis of the frequency distribution of Russian surnames in the country. This method was very cheap, but its information content exceeded all expectations: a comparison of the geography of surnames with the geography of genetic DNA markers showed their almost complete coincidence.

Unfortunately, the interpretations of the family analysis that appeared in the media this summer (after the first publication of the data in a specialized scientific journal) could create the wrong impression about the goals and results of the enormous work of scientists. As the head of the project, Doctor of Sciences Elena Balanovskaya, explained to Vlast, the main thing was not that the surname Smirnov turned out to be more common among Russian people than Ivanov, but that for the first time a complete list of truly Russian surnames was compiled for the regions of the country. At the same time, scientists had to spend a lot of time collecting Russian surnames on their own. The Central Election Commission and local election commissions flatly refused to cooperate with scientists, arguing that only if the voter lists are kept secret, they can guarantee the objectivity and honesty of elections to federal and local authorities. The criterion for inclusion in the list of a surname was very mild: it was included if at least five carriers of this surname lived in the region for three generations. First, lists were compiled for five conditional regions - North, Central, Central-West, Central-East and South. In total, there were about 15 thousand Russian surnames in all regions, most of which were found only in one of the regions and were absent in others. When regional lists were superimposed on each other, scientists identified only 257 so-called "all-Russian surnames". Interestingly, at the final stage of the study, they decided to add the names of the residents of Krasnodar Territory to the list of the Southern Region, expecting that the predominance of the Ukrainian surnames of the descendants of the Zaporozhye Cossacks, evicted here by Catherine II, would significantly reduce the all-Russian list. But this additional restriction reduced the list of all-Russian surnames by only 7 units - to 250 (see the list). This led to the obvious and not for everyone a pleasant conclusion that the Kuban was inhabited mainly by Russian people. And where did the Ukrainians go and were there any Ukrainians at all - a big question.

An analysis of Russian surnames generally gives food for thought. Even the simplest action taken by "Vlast" - the search in it for the names of all the leaders of the country - gave an unexpected result. Only one of them entered the list of carriers of 250 top all-Russian surnames - Mikhail Gorbachev (158th place). The surname Brezhnev takes 3767th place in the general list (found only in the Belgorod region of the southern region). The surname Khrushchev is in 4248th place (found only in the Northern region, Arkhangelsk region). Chernenko took 4749th place (only the Southern region). Andropov is in 8939th place (only the Southern region). Putin ranked 14th 250th (South Region only). And Yeltsin was not included in the general list at all. Stalin's surname - Dzhugashvili - was not considered for obvious reasons. But on the other hand, the pseudonym Lenin was included in the regional lists under the number 1421, losing only to the first president of the USSR, Mikhail Gorbachev.

For three years, the participants of the "Russian Gene Pool" project (in the photo - its leader Elena Balanovskaya) walked with a syringe and a test tube almost the entire European territory of the Russian Federation and made a very representative sample of Russian blood

The result amazed even the scientists themselves, who believed that the main difference between the carriers of the South Russian surnames was not their ability to lead a huge power, but the increased sensitivity of the skin of their fingers and palms. Scientific analysis of dermatoglyphics (papillary patterns on the skin of palms and fingers) of Russian people showed that the complexity of the pattern (from simple arcs to loops) and the accompanying skin sensitivity increases from north to south. "A person with simple patterns on the skin of his hands can hold a glass of hot tea in his hands without pain," Dr. Balanovskaya clearly explained the essence of the differences. "And if there are a lot of loops, then such people were unsurpassed pickpockets." However, Vlast, in an interview with the country's chief geneticist, academician Sergei Inge-Vechtomov (see # 24, 2004), has already warned that underestimating human genetics in career guidance has brought and continues to bring huge losses to the country. And again draws attention to this: after all, it is absolutely clear that from the point of view of increasing labor productivity, it is more profitable to locate thin high-tech assembly plants in the south of Russia, where the fingers of the population are most suitable for assembling microprocessors, and hot and not requiring fine motor skills of the hands of production (steel and similar type) - in the north.

Escaping gene pool

However, cheap indirect methods of studying the genetics of the Russian people (by surnames and dermatoglyphics) were only auxiliary for the first study of the gene pool of the titular nationality in Russia. Its main molecular genetic results are now being prepared for publication in the form of the monograph "Russian Gene Pool", which will be published at the end of the year by the "Luch" publishing house. Unfortunately, due to the lack of government funding, scientists had to carry out part of the study jointly with their foreign colleagues, who imposed a moratorium on many of the results until joint publications were published in the scientific press. The reason is valid, and Vlast, unfortunately, cannot provide original graphs and block diagrams of DNA analysis of Russian people and their neighbors in the Russian Federation, CIS countries and some European countries. But nothing prevents us from describing these data (which Vlast has at its disposal). So, on the Y-chromosome, the genetic distance between Russians and Finns is 30 conventional units. And the genetic distance between a Russian person and the so-called Finno-Ugric peoples (Mari, Vepsians, etc.) living on the territory of the Russian Federation is 2-3 units. Simply put, they are genetically almost identical. And the harsh statement of the Estonian Foreign Minister on September 1 at the EU Council in Brussels (after the Russian side denounced the state border treaty with Estonia) about discrimination of the Finno-Ugric peoples allegedly related to the Finns in the Russian Federation loses meaningful meaning. But because of the moratorium of Western scientists, the Russian Foreign Ministry could not reasonably accuse Estonia of interfering in our internal, one might even say closely related, affairs. The results of mitochondrial DNA analysis also fall under the same moratorium, according to which Russians and Tatars are at the same genetic distance of 30 conventional units, which separates us from Finns, but the genetic distance between Ukrainians from Lvov and Tatars is only 10 units. And at the same time, Ukrainians from the left-bank Ukraine are genetically as close to Russians as Komi-Zyryans, Mordovians and Mari. You can react as you like to these strictly scientific facts showing the natural essence of the reference electorates of Viktor Yushchenko and Viktor Yanukovych. But it will not be possible to accuse Russian scientists of falsifying these data: then the accusation will automatically spread to their Western colleagues, who have been delaying the publication of these results for more than a year, each time extending the moratorium.

The only thing that Vlast can do for the Russian people today is to publish a map indicating the area where truly Russian genes are still preserved. Geographically, this territory coincides with Russia during the times of Ivan the Terrible and clearly shows the conventionality of some state borders.

In conclusion, Russian scientists asked to publish their appeal to President Vladimir Putin, Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov and the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. “Huge megalopolises are, in fact, black holes that suck in the gene pool of the Russian people and destroy it without a trace,” says Dr. Balanovskaya. there, due to lack of money, mothers give birth to fewer and fewer children. Meanwhile, against the background of huge government spending on other needs, the targeted direction of financial assistance to children for these women can save the Russian gene pool from further degradation. "

250 most Russian surnames

According to the results of the study in five conditional regions of the Russian Federation, scientists have compiled a list of almost 15 thousand Russian surnames. When regional lists were superimposed on each other, the following list of 250 most common all-Russian surnames was formed.

Index

For the first time in history, Russian scientists conducted an unheard-of study of the Russian gene pool - and were shocked by its results. In particular, this study fully confirmed the idea expressed in our articles "Country of Moxel" (No. 14) and "Non-Russian Russian Language" (No. 12) that Russians are not Slavs, but only Russian-speaking Finns.

“Russian scientists have completed and are preparing for publication the first large-scale study of the gene pool of the Russian people. The publication of the results may have unpredictable consequences for Russia and the world order "- this is how the publication on this topic in the Russian newspaper" Vlast "begins sensationally. And the sensation really turned out to be incredible - many myths about the Russian nationality turned out to be false. Including it turned out that genetically Russians are not “Eastern Slavs” at all, but Finns.

RUSSIANS WERE FINNS

Over the course of several decades of intense research, anthropologists have managed to reveal the appearance of a typical Russian person. They are of medium build and medium height, light brown-haired with light eyes - gray or blue. By the way, in the course of the research, a verbal portrait of a typical Ukrainian was also obtained. The standard Ukrainian differs from the Russian in color of skin, hair and eyes - he is a dark-skinned brunette with regular facial features and brown eyes. However, anthropological measurements of the proportions of the human body are not even the last, but the century before last of science, which has long received at its disposal the most accurate methods of molecular biology, which make it possible to read all human genes. And the most advanced methods of DNA analysis today are considered to be sequencing (reading by letter of the genetic code) of mitochondrial DNA and DNA of the human Y-chromosome. Mitochondrial DNA is passed down through the female line from generation to generation, almost unchanged since the time when the progenitor of humanity, Eve, climbed down from a tree in East Africa. And the Y chromosome is present only in men and therefore is also transmitted practically unchanged to the male offspring, while all other chromosomes, when transmitted from father and mother to their children, are shuffled by nature, like a deck of cards before being dealt. Thus, in contrast to indirect signs (appearance, body proportions), sequencing of mitochondrial DNA and DNA of the Y-chromosome indisputably and directly indicates the degree of kinship of people, writes the magazine "Vlast".

In the West, human population genetics have successfully used these methods for two decades. In Russia, they were used only once, in the mid-1990s, when identifying tsarist remains. The turning point in the situation with the use of the most modern methods for studying the titular nation of Russia occurred only in 2000. The Russian Foundation for Basic Research has allocated a grant to scientists from the Laboratory of Human Population Genetics at the Medico-Genetic Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. For the first time in the history of Russia, scientists were able to fully concentrate on the study of the gene pool of the Russian people for several years. They supplemented their molecular genetic studies with an analysis of the frequency distribution of Russian surnames in the country. This method was very cheap, but its information content exceeded all expectations: a comparison of the geography of surnames with the geography of genetic DNA markers showed their almost complete coincidence.

The molecular genetic results of the first research of the gene pool of the titular nationality in Russia are now being prepared for publication in the form of the monograph "Russian Gene Pool", which will be published at the end of the year by the publishing house "Luch". The Vlast magazine cites some research data. So, it turned out that Russians are not "Eastern Slavs" at all, but Finns. By the way, these studies smashed to smithereens the notorious myth about the "Eastern Slavs" - that supposedly Belarusians, Ukrainians and Russians "constitute a group of Eastern Slavs." The only Slavs of these three peoples were only Belarusians, but it turned out that Belarusians are not “Eastern Slavs” at all, but Western ones, for they practically do not differ genetically from the Poles. So the myth of the "kindred blood of Belarusians and Russians" was completely destroyed: the Belarusians turned out to be virtually identical to the Poles, the Belarusians are genetically very far from the Russians, but very close to the Czechs and Slovaks. But the Finns of Finland turned out to be much closer genetically to the Russians than the Belarusians. Thus, according to the Y chromosome, the genetic distance between Russians and Finns in Finland is only 30 conventional units (close relationship). And the genetic distance between a Russian person and the so-called Finno-Ugric peoples (Mari, Vepsians, Mordovians, etc.) living on the territory of the Russian Federation is equal to 2-3 units. Simply put, they are genetically IDENTICAL. In this regard, the Vlast magazine notes: “And the harsh statement of the Estonian Foreign Minister on September 1 at the EU Council in Brussels (after the Russian side denounced the agreement on the state border with Estonia) about discrimination of the Finno-Ugric peoples allegedly related to the Finns in the Russian Federation loses meaningful meaning ... But because of the moratorium of Western scientists, the Russian Foreign Ministry could not reasonably accuse Estonia of interfering in our internal, one might even say closely related, affairs. " This philippic is only one facet of the mass of contradictions that have arisen. Since the closest relatives for the Russians are the Finno-Ugrians and Estonians (in fact, they are the same people, because the difference of 2-3 units is inherent in only one people), then the Russian jokes about the "inhibited Estonians" are strange, when the Russians themselves are these Estonians. A huge problem for Russia also arises in the self-identification of itself as supposedly "Slavs", because genetically the Russian people have nothing to do with the Slavs. In the myth of the "Slavic roots of the Russians", the scientists of Russia have put a fat point: there is nothing from the Slavs in the Russians. There is only a near-Slavic Russian language, but it also contains 60-70% of the non-Slavic vocabulary, so a Russian person is not able to understand the languages ​​of the Slavs, although a real Slav understands due to the similarity of the Slavic languages ​​- any (except Russian). The results of the analysis of mitochondrial DNA showed that one more close relatives of Russians, except for the Finns of Finland, are Tatars: Russians from Tatars are at the same genetic distance of 30 conventional units, which separates them from Finns. The data on Ukraine turned out to be no less sensational. It turned out that genetically the population of Eastern Ukraine is Finno-Ugric: Eastern Ukrainians practically do not differ from Russians, Komi, Mordovians, Mari. This is one Finnish people who once had their own common Finnish language. But with the Ukrainians of Western Ukraine, everything turned out to be even more unexpected. These are not the Slavs at all, just as they are not the "Russofinns" of Russia and Eastern Ukraine, but a completely different ethnic group: the genetic distance between the Ukrainians from Lvov and the Tatars is only 10 units.

Such close kinship of Western Ukrainians with Tatars may be explained by the Sarmatian roots of the ancient inhabitants of Kievan Rus. Of course, there is a certain Slavic component in the blood of Western Ukrainians (they are more genetically close to the Slavs than the Russians), but these are still not Slavs, but Sarmatians. Anthropologically, they are characterized by wide cheekbones, dark hair and brown eyes, dark (and not pink, like Caucasians) nipples. The magazine writes: “You can react as you like to these strictly scientific facts showing the natural essence of the reference electorates of Viktor Yushchenko and Viktor Yanukovych. But it will not be possible to accuse Russian scientists of falsifying these data: then the accusation will automatically spread to their Western colleagues, who have been delaying the publication of these results for more than a year, each time extending the moratorium. The magazine is right: these data clearly explain the deep and permanent split in Ukrainian society, where in fact two completely different ethnic groups live under the name “Ukrainians”. Moreover, Russian imperialism will take this scientific data into its arsenal - as another (already weighty and scientific) argument to "augment" the territory of Russia with Eastern Ukraine. But what about the myth about the "Slavs-Russians"?

Recognizing these data and trying to use them, Russian strategists here are confronted with what is popularly called a "double-edged sword": in this case, they will have to revise the entire national self-identification of the Russian people as "Slavic" and abandon the concept of "kinship" with Belarusians and the whole Slavic World - not at the level of scientific research, but at the political level. The magazine also publishes a map showing the area where "truly Russian genes" (that is, Finnish) are still preserved. Geographically, this territory "coincides with Russia during the times of Ivan the Terrible" and "clearly shows the conventionality of some state borders," the magazine writes. Namely: the population of Bryansk, Kursk and Smolensk is not at all Russian (that is, Finnish), but Belarusian-Polish - identical to the genes of Belarusians and Poles. An interesting fact is that in the Middle Ages the border between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Muscovy was precisely the ethnic border between the Slavs and Finns (by the way, the eastern border of Europe passed along it then). Further imperialism of Muscovy-Russia, which annexed neighboring territories, went beyond the ethnic Muscovites and already seized foreign ethnic groups.

WHAT IS RUSSIA?

These new discoveries of Russian scientists allow us to take a fresh look at the whole politics of medieval Muscovy, including its concept of “Rus”. It turns out that Moscow's “pulling of the Russian blanket over itself” is explained purely ethnically, genetically. The so-called "Holy Russia" in the concept of the ROC of Moscow and Russian historians was formed by the rise of Moscow in the Horde, and, as Lev Gumilyov wrote, for example, in the book "From Russia to Russia", for the same fact, Ukrainians and Belarusians ceased to be Rusyns. ceased to be Russia. It is clear that there were two completely different Rus'. One, Western, lived its own life of the Slavs, united into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Russia. Another Russia - Eastern Russia (more precisely Muscovy - for it was not considered Russia at that time) - entered the Horde ethnically close to it for 300 years, in which it then seized power and made it "Russia" even before the conquest of Novgorod and Pskov into the Horde-Russia. It is this second Rus - Rus of the Finnish ethnos - that the Russian Orthodox Church of Moscow and Russian historians call “Holy Rus”, depriving Western Rus of the right to something “Russian” (forcing even the entire people of Kievan Rus to call themselves not Rusyns, but “outskirts” ). The meaning is clear: this Finnish Russian had little in common with the original Slavic Russian.

The very centuries-old confrontation between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Muscovy (who seemed to have something in common in Russia, the Rurikovichs and in the Kiev faith, and the princes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Vitovt-Yuri and Yagailo-Yakov were Orthodox from birth, were Rurikovichs and Grand Dukes of Russia, no other language other than Russian knew) - this is a confrontation between countries of different ethnic groups: the Grand Duchy of Lithuania gathered the Slavs, and Muscovy - the Finns. As a result, for many centuries, two Rus' opposed each other - the Slavic ON and the Finnish Muscovy. This also explains the blatant fact that Muscovy NEVER, during his stay in the Horde, expressed a desire to return to Russia, to gain freedom from the Tatars, to join the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. And its seizure of Novgorod was caused precisely by the negotiations of Novgorod on joining the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. This Russophobia of Moscow and its "masochism" ("the Horde yoke is better than the GDL") can only be explained by ethnic differences with primordial Russia and ethnic closeness to the peoples of the Horde. It is this genetic difference with the Slavs that explains Muscovy's rejection of the European way of life, hatred of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Poles (that is, of the Slavs in general), a huge love for the East and Asian traditions. These studies of Russian scientists must necessarily be reflected in the revision of their concepts by historians. Including for a long time it is necessary to introduce into historical science the fact that there was not one Rus, but two completely different: Slavic Rus - and Finnish Rus. This clarification allows us to understand and explain many processes of our medieval history, which in the current interpretation still seem to be devoid of any meaning.

RUSSIAN SURNAMES

Attempts by Russian scientists to investigate the statistics of Russian surnames initially encountered a lot of difficulties. The Central Election Commission and local election commissions flatly refused to cooperate with scientists, arguing that only if the voter lists are kept secret, they can guarantee the objectivity and honesty of elections to federal and local authorities. The criterion for inclusion in the list of a surname was very mild: it was included if at least five carriers of this surname lived in the region for three generations. First, lists were compiled for five conditional regions - North, Central, Central-West, Central-East and South. In total, in all regions of Russia, there were about 15 thousand Russian surnames, most of which were found only in one of the regions and were absent in others.

When regional lists were superimposed on each other, scientists identified only 257 so-called "all-Russian surnames". The magazine writes: “It is interesting that at the final stage of the study, they decided to add the names of the residents of Krasnodar Territory to the list of the Southern Region, expecting that the predominance of Ukrainian surnames of the descendants of the Zaporozhye Cossacks, evicted here by Catherine II, would significantly reduce the all-Russian list. But this additional restriction reduced the list of all-Russian surnames by only 7 units - to 250. From which the obvious and not for everyone's pleasant conclusion followed that the Kuban was inhabited mainly by Russian people. And where did the Ukrainians go and were there any Ukrainians at all - a big question. " And further: “The analysis of Russian surnames generally gives food for thought. Even the simplest action - searching in it for the names of all the leaders of the country - gave an unexpected result. Only one of them entered the list of carriers of 250 top all-Russian surnames - Mikhail Gorbachev (158th place). The surname Brezhnev takes 3767th place in the general list (found only in the Belgorod region of the southern region). The surname Khrushchev is in 4248th place (found only in the Northern region, Arkhangelsk region). Chernenko took 4749th place (only the Southern region). Andropov is in 8939th place (only the Southern region). Putin ranked 14th 250th (South Region only). And Yeltsin was not included in the general list at all. Stalin's surname - Dzhugashvili - was not considered for obvious reasons. But on the other hand, the pseudonym Lenin was included in the regional lists under the number 1421, losing only to the first president of the USSR, Mikhail Gorbachev. " The magazine writes that the result amazed even the scientists themselves, who believed that the main difference between the carriers of the South Russian surnames was not the ability to lead a huge power, but the increased sensitivity of the skin of their fingers and palms. Scientific analysis of dermatoglyphics (papillary patterns on the skin of palms and fingers) of Russian people showed that the complexity of the pattern (from simple arcs to loops) and the accompanying skin sensitivity increases from north to south. "A person with simple patterns on the skin of his hands can hold a glass of hot tea in his hands without pain," Dr. Balanovskaya clearly explained the essence of the differences. "And if there are a lot of loops, then such people were unsurpassed pickpockets." Scientists publish a list of 250 most popular Russian surnames. Unexpected was the fact that the most massive Russian surname is not Ivanov, but Smirnov. This entire list is incorrect, it is not worth it, here are only 20 of the most massive Russian surnames: 1. Smirnov; 2. Ivanov; 3. Kuznetsov; 4. Popov; 5. Sokolov; 6. Lebedev; 7. Kozlov; 8. Novikov; 9. Morozov; 10. Petrov; 11. Volkov; 12. Soloviev; 13. Vasiliev; 14. Zaitsev; 15. Pavlov; 16. Semenov; 17. Golubev; 18. Vinogradov; 19. Bogdanov; 20. Vorobiev. All top all-Russian surnames have Bulgarian endings in -ov (-ev), plus several surnames in -in (Ilyin, Kuzmin, etc.). And there is not a single surname of “Eastern Slavs” (Belarusians and Ukrainians) in the -y, -ich, -ko among the top 250. Although in Belarus the most common surnames are in -iy and -ich, and in Ukraine - in -ko. This also shows deep differences between the "Eastern Slavs", for the Belarusian surnames in -iy and -ich are equally common in Poland - and not at all in Russia. The Bulgarian endings of the 250 most massive Russian surnames indicate that the surnames were given by the priests of Kievan Rus, who spread Orthodoxy among its Finns in Muscovy, therefore these surnames are Bulgarian, from holy books, and not from the living Slavic language, which the Finns of Muscovy just do not It was. Otherwise, it is impossible to understand why the Russians do not have surnames at all of the Belarusians living nearby (in -ii and -ich), but Bulgarian surnames - although the Bulgarians are not at all bordering Moscow, but live thousands of kilometers away. The massive nature of surnames with animal names is explained by Lev Uspensky in the book "Mysteries of Toponymy" (M., 1973) by the fact that in the Middle Ages people had two names - from their parents, and from baptism, and "from the parents" then it was "fashionable" to give names beasts. As he writes, then in the family the children had the names Hare, Wolf, Bear, etc. This pagan tradition was embodied in the mass character of "animal" surnames.

ABOUT BELARUSIANS

A special topic in this study is the genetic identity of Belarusians and Poles. This did not become the subject of attention of Russian scientists, because outside of Russia. But it is very interesting for us. The very fact of the genetic identity of Poles and Belarusians is not unexpected. The very history of our countries confirms it - the main part of the ethnic group of Belarusians and Poles are not the Slavs, but the Slavic Western Balts, but their genetic "passport" is so close to the Slavic that it would be practically difficult to find differences in the genes between the Slavs and Prussians, Mazurs, Dainova , Yatvyagami, etc. This is what unites the Poles and Belarusians, the descendants of the Slavic Western Balts. This ethnic community also explains the creation of the Union State of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The famous Belarusian historian V.U. Lastovsky in his “Brief History of Belarus” (Vilno, 1910) writes that negotiations on the creation of the Union State of Belarusians and Poles began ten times: in 1401, 1413, 1438, 1451, 1499, 1501, 1563, 1564, 1566, 1567. - and ended for the eleventh time with the creation of the Union in 1569. Where does such persistence come from? Obviously - only from the awareness of the ethnic community, for the ethnic group of Poles and Belarusians was created on the dissolution of the Western Balts. But the Czechs and Slovaks, who were also part of the first in the history of the Slavic Union of the Peoples of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, no longer felt this degree of closeness, for they did not have a "Baltic component" in themselves. And even more alienation was among the Ukrainians, who saw little ethnic kinship in this and eventually entered into complete confrontation with the Poles. The studies of Russian geneticists allow us to look at our entire history in a different way, because many political events and political preferences of the peoples of Europe are largely explained by the genetics of their ethnic group - which until now has remained hidden from historians. It was genetics and the genetic relationship of ethnic groups that were the most important forces in the political processes of medieval Europe. The genetic map of peoples, created by Russian scientists, allows you to look at the wars and alliances of the Middle Ages from a completely different angle.

The results of research by Russian scientists about the gene pool of the Russian people will be assimilated in society for a long time, because they completely refute all our ideas, reducing them to the level of unscientific myths. This new knowledge should not so much be understood as it is necessary to get used to it. Now the concept of "Eastern Slavs" has become absolutely unscientific, the congresses of the Slavs in Minsk, where not Slavs from Russia gather at all, but Russian-speaking Finns from Russia, who are not genetically Slavs and have nothing to do with the Slavs, are unscientific. The very status of these "congresses of the Slavs" has been completely discredited by Russian scientists. According to the results of these studies, the Russian people were named by the scientists of Russia not as Slavs, but as Finns. The population of Eastern Ukraine is also called Finns, and the population of Western Ukraine is genetically Sarmatian. That is, the Ukrainian people are also not Slavs. The only Slavs from the "Eastern Slavs" are genetically named Belarusians, but they are genetically identical to the Poles - which means they are not "Eastern Slavs" at all, but genetically Western Slavs. In fact, this means the geopolitical collapse of the Slavic Triangle of the "Eastern Slavs", for the Belarusians turned out to be genetically Poles, Russians - Finns, and Ukrainians - Finns and Sarmatians. Of course, propaganda will continue to try to hide this fact from the population, but you cannot hide an sewn in a sack. As well as not shutting your mouth to scientists, not hiding their latest genetic research. It is impossible to stop scientific progress. Therefore, the discoveries of Russian scientists are not just a scientific sensation, but a BOMB capable of undermining all the existing foundations in the ideas of peoples. That is why the Russian magazine Vlast gave this fact an extremely concerned assessment: “Russian scientists have completed and are preparing for publication the first large-scale study of the gene pool of the Russian people. The publication of the results may have unpredictable consequences for Russia and the world order. ”The magazine did not exaggerate.

Russian scientists have completed and are preparing for publication the first large-scale study of the gene pool of the Russian people. Correspondents of "Vlast"Daria LaaneandSergey Petukhovgot acquainted with the results of this study and realized that their publication could have unpredictable consequences for Russia and the world order. For a long time, the self-identification of the Russian people was hampered by the Soviet state ideology of internationalism. An additional obstacle was the defeat of genetics as a science in the Soviet Union and its replacement by Michurin's pseudoscience, according to which heredity did not exist in nature at all. The situation began to change only in the late 1960s, when American scientists published the sensational results of a study of the genotype of a typical American. The result of genetic screening of the US population really went beyond academic science and caused a real shock among American citizens. It turned out that in less than 200 years of American statehood, its reference citizen - white, of Anglo-Saxon origin and Protestant religion - became genetically 30% black. The results of the Americans interested Soviet officials, so the first laboratories for human population genetics were created in the USSR. They were engaged exclusively in the study of the heredity of small peoples, and most of the results obtained were immediately stamped "for official use." Studies of the titular nation could only be carried out by anthropological methods.

Entertaining anthropology

Over the course of several decades of intense research, anthropologists have managed to reveal the appearance of a typical Russian person. To do this, they had to translate into a single scale all the photographs from the photo library of the Museum of Anthropology with full face and profile images of typical representatives of the population of the Russian regions of the country and, combining them according to the pupils of the eyes, superimpose them on top of each other. The final photographs turned out, of course, blurry, but gave an idea of ​​the appearance of the reference Russian people. This was the first truly sensational discovery. After all, similar attempts by French scientists led to a result that they had to hide from the citizens of their country: after thousands of combinations of the obtained photographs of the reference Jacques and Marianne, they looked at gray faceless ovals of faces. Such a picture, even among the French, who are most distant from anthropology, could raise an unnecessary question: is there a French nation at all?
Unfortunately, anthropologists did not go further than creating photographic portraits of typical representatives of the Russian population of different regions of the country and did not superimpose them on each other in order to get the appearance of an absolute Russian person. They explained this to the "authorities" by the allegedly scientific lack of informational content of such work, but in the end they were forced to admit that for such a photo they could have gotten into trouble at work. By the way, the "regional" sketches of Russian people were published in the general press only in 2002, and before that they were published in small editions only in scientific publications for specialists. It is only in this issue that Vlast fills this gap in Russian anthropology and for the first time publishes photographs of absolutely Russian people, obtained by us by superimposing the faces of "regional" Russian people. Now you can judge for yourself how similar they are to the typical cinematic Ivanushka and Marya.

Unfortunately, mostly black-and-white old archival photos of the faces of Russian people do not allow to convey the height, physique, color of the skin, hair and eyes of a Russian person. However, anthropologists have created a verbal portrait of Russian men and women. They are of medium build and medium height, light brown-haired with light eyes - gray or blue. By the way, in the course of the research, a verbal portrait of a typical Ukrainian was also obtained. The standard Ukrainian differs from the Russian only in the color of his skin, hair and eyes - he is a dark-skinned brunette with regular facial features and brown eyes. A snub nose turned out to be absolutely uncharacteristic for the Eastern Slav (found only in 7% of Russians and Ukrainians), this feature is more typical for Germans (25%).
However, anthropological measurements of the proportions of the human body are not even the last, but the century before last of science, which has long received at its disposal the most accurate methods of molecular biology, which make it possible to read all human genes. And the most advanced methods of DNA analysis today are considered to be sequencing (reading by letter of the genetic code) of mitochondrial DNA and DNA of the human Y-chromosome. Mitochondrial DNA is passed down through the female line from generation to generation, almost unchanged since the time when the progenitor of humanity, Eve, climbed down from a tree in East Africa. And the Y chromosome is present only in men and therefore is also transmitted practically unchanged to the male offspring, while all other chromosomes, when transmitted from father and mother to their children, are shuffled by nature, like a deck of cards before being dealt. Thus, in contrast to indirect signs (appearance, body proportions), sequencing of mitochondrial DNA and DNA of the Y-chromosome indisputably and directly indicates the degree of kinship of people.

Entertaining genogeography

In the West, human population genetics have successfully used these methods for two decades. In Russia, they were used only once, in the mid-1990s, when identifying tsarist remains. The turning point in the situation with the use of the most modern methods for studying the titular nation of our country occurred only in 2000. The Russian Foundation for Basic Research has allocated about half a million rubles from state budget funds for the study of the gene pool of the Russian people. It is impossible to implement a serious program with such funding. But it was more a landmark than just a financial decision, indicating a change in the country's scientific priorities. For the first time in Russian history, scientists from the Laboratory of Human Population Genetics at the Medical Genetics Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, who received a grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, were able to fully focus on the study of the gene pool of the Russian people, and not small peoples, for three years. And limited funding only spurred their ingenuity. They supplemented their molecular genetic studies with an analysis of the frequency distribution of Russian surnames in the country. This method was very cheap, but its information content exceeded all expectations: a comparison of the geography of surnames with the geography of genetic DNA markers showed their almost complete coincidence.
Unfortunately, the interpretations of the family analysis that appeared in the media this summer (after the first publication of the data in a specialized scientific journal) could create the wrong impression about the goals and results of the enormous work of scientists. As the head of the project, Doctor of Sciences Elena Balanovskaya, explained to Vlast, the main thing was not that the surname Smirnov turned out to be more common among Russian people than Ivanov, but that for the first time a complete list of truly Russian surnames was compiled for the regions of the country. At the same time, scientists had to spend a lot of time collecting Russian surnames on their own. The Central Election Commission and local election commissions flatly refused to cooperate with scientists, arguing that only if the voter lists are kept secret, they can guarantee the objectivity and honesty of elections to federal and local authorities. The criterion for inclusion in the list of a surname was very mild: it was included if at least five carriers of this surname lived in the region for three generations. First, lists were compiled for five conditional regions - North, Central, Central-West, Central-East and South. In total, there were about 15 thousand Russian surnames in all regions, most of which were found only in one of the regions and were absent in others. When regional lists were superimposed on each other, scientists identified only 257 so-called "all-Russian surnames". Interestingly, at the final stage of the study, they decided to add the names of the residents of Krasnodar Territory to the list of the Southern Region, expecting that the predominance of the Ukrainian surnames of the descendants of the Zaporozhye Cossacks, evicted here by Catherine II, would significantly reduce the all-Russian list. But this additional restriction reduced the list of all-Russian surnames by only 7 units - to 250 (see the list). This led to the obvious and not for everyone a pleasant conclusion that the Kuban was inhabited mainly by Russian people. And where did the Ukrainians go and were there any Ukrainians at all - a big question.

An analysis of Russian surnames generally gives food for thought. Even the simplest action taken by "Vlast" - searching in it for the names of all the leaders of the country - gave an unexpected result. Only one of them entered the list of carriers of 250 top all-Russian surnames - Mikhail Gorbachev (158th place). The surname Brezhnev takes 3767th place in the general list (found only in the Belgorod region of the southern region). The surname Khrushchev is in 4248th place (found only in the Northern region, Arkhangelsk region). Chernenko took 4749th place (only the Southern region). Andropov is in 8939th place (only the Southern region). Putin ranked 14th 250th (South Region only). And Yeltsin was not included in the general list at all. Stalin's surname - Dzhugashvili - was not considered for obvious reasons. But on the other hand, the pseudonym Lenin was included in the regional lists under the number 1421, losing only to the first president of the USSR, Mikhail Gorbachev.
The result amazed even the scientists themselves, who believed that the main difference between the carriers of the South Russian surnames was not their ability to lead a huge power, but the increased sensitivity of the skin of their fingers and palms. Scientific analysis of dermatoglyphics (papillary patterns on the skin of palms and fingers) of Russian people showed that the complexity of the pattern (from simple arcs to loops) and the accompanying skin sensitivity increases from north to south. "A person with simple patterns on the skin of his hands can hold a glass of hot tea in his hands without pain," Dr. Balanovskaya clearly explained the essence of the differences. However, Vlast, in an interview with the country's chief geneticist, academician Sergei Inge-Vechtomov (see # 24, 2004), has already warned that underestimating human genetics in career guidance has brought and continues to bring huge losses to the country. And again draws attention to this: after all, it is absolutely clear that from the point of view of increasing labor productivity, it is more profitable to locate thin high-tech assembly plants in the south of Russia, where the fingers of the population are most suitable for assembling microprocessors, and hot and not requiring fine motor skills of the hands of production (steel and similar type) - in the north.

Escaping gene pool

PHOTO: DMITRY LEKAY

However, cheap indirect methods of studying the genetics of the Russian people (by surnames and dermatoglyphics) were only auxiliary for the first study of the gene pool of the titular nationality in Russia. Its main molecular genetic results are now being prepared for publication in the form of the monograph "Russian Gene Pool", which will be published at the end of the year by the "Luch" publishing house. Unfortunately, due to the lack of government funding, scientists had to carry out part of the study jointly with their foreign colleagues, who imposed a moratorium on many of the results until joint publications were published in the scientific press. The reason is valid, and Vlast, unfortunately, cannot provide original graphs and block diagrams of DNA analysis of Russian people and their neighbors in the Russian Federation, CIS countries and some European countries. But nothing prevents us from describing these data (which Vlast has at its disposal). So, on the Y-chromosome, the genetic distance between Russians and Finns is 30 conventional units. And the genetic distance between a Russian person and the so-called Finno-Ugric peoples (Mari, Vepsians, etc.) living on the territory of the Russian Federation is 2-3 units. Simply put, they are genetically almost identical. And the harsh statement of the Estonian Foreign Minister on September 1 at the EU Council in Brussels (after the Russian side denounced the state border treaty with Estonia) about discrimination of the Finno-Ugric peoples allegedly related to the Finns in the Russian Federation loses meaningful meaning. But because of the moratorium of Western scientists, the Russian Foreign Ministry could not reasonably accuse Estonia of interfering in our internal, one might even say closely related, affairs. The results of mitochondrial DNA analysis also fall under the same moratorium, according to which Russians and Tatars are at the same genetic distance of 30 conventional units, which separates us from Finns, but the genetic distance between Ukrainians from Lvov and Tatars is only 10 units. And at the same time, Ukrainians from the left-bank Ukraine are genetically as close to Russians as Komi-Zyryans, Mordovians and Mari. You can react as you like to these strictly scientific facts showing the natural essence of the reference electorates of Viktor Yushchenko and Viktor Yanukovych. But it will not be possible to accuse Russian scientists of falsifying these data: then the accusation will automatically spread to their Western colleagues, who have been delaying the publication of these results for more than a year, each time extending the moratorium.
The only thing that Vlast can do for the Russian people today is to publish a map indicating the area where truly Russian genes are still preserved. Geographically, this territory coincides with Russia during the times of Ivan the Terrible and clearly shows the conventionality of some state borders.
In conclusion, Russian scientists asked to publish their appeal to President Vladimir Putin, Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov and the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. "Huge megacities are, in fact, black holes that suck in the gene pool of the Russian people and destroy it without a trace," says Dr. Balanovskaya. there, due to lack of money, mothers give birth to fewer and fewer children. Meanwhile, against the background of huge government spending on other needs, the targeted direction of financial assistance to children for these women can save the Russian gene pool from further degradation. "

In continuation of the materials Types of Monads - Human Genome, theories about the origin of various races and our conclusions about the modification of various types of Monads (Consciousnesses) by Gods ..., laid out in the section "Studies of the Atlantean heritage"

For the first time in history, Russian scientists conducted an unheard-of study of the Russian gene pool - and were shocked by its results. In particular, this study fully confirmed the idea expressed in our articles "Country of Moxel" (No. 14) and "Non-Russian Russian Language" (No. 12) that Russians are not Slavs, but only Russian-speaking Finns.

“Russian scientists have completed and are preparing for publication the first large-scale study of the gene pool of the Russian people. The publication of the results may have unpredictable consequences for Russia and the world order "- this is how the publication on this topic in the Russian newspaper" Vlast "begins sensationally. And the sensation really turned out to be incredible - many myths about the Russian nationality turned out to be false. Including it turned out that genetically Russians are not “Eastern Slavs” at all, but Finns.

RUSSIANS WERE FINNS

Over the course of several decades of intense research, anthropologists have managed to reveal the appearance of a typical Russian person. They are of medium build and medium height, light brown-haired with light eyes - gray or blue. By the way, in the course of the research, a verbal portrait of a typical Ukrainian was also obtained. The standard Ukrainian differs from the Russian in color of skin, hair and eyes - he is a dark-skinned brunette with regular facial features and brown eyes. However, anthropological measurements of the proportions of the human body are not even the last, but the century before last of science, which has long received at its disposal the most accurate methods of molecular biology, which make it possible to read all human genes. And the most advanced methods of DNA analysis today are considered to be sequencing (reading by letter of the genetic code) of mitochondrial DNA and DNA of the human Y-chromosome. Mitochondrial DNA is passed down through the female line from generation to generation, almost unchanged since the time when the progenitor of humanity, Eve, climbed down from a tree in East Africa. And the Y chromosome is present only in men and therefore is also transmitted practically unchanged to the male offspring, while all other chromosomes, when transmitted from father and mother to their children, are shuffled by nature, like a deck of cards before being dealt. Thus, in contrast to indirect signs (appearance, body proportions), sequencing of mitochondrial DNA and DNA of the Y-chromosome indisputably and directly testifies to the degree of kinship of people, writes the magazine "Vlast".

In the West, human population genetics have successfully used these methods for two decades. In Russia, they were used only once, in the mid-1990s, when identifying tsarist remains. The turning point in the situation with the use of the most modern methods for studying the titular nation of Russia occurred only in 2000. The Russian Foundation for Basic Research has allocated a grant to scientists from the Laboratory of Human Population Genetics at the Medico-Genetic Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. For the first time in the history of Russia, scientists were able to fully concentrate on the study of the gene pool of the Russian people for several years. They supplemented their molecular genetic studies with an analysis of the frequency distribution of Russian surnames in the country. This method was very cheap, but its information content exceeded all expectations: a comparison of the geography of surnames with the geography of genetic DNA markers showed their almost complete coincidence.

The molecular genetic results of the first in Russia study of the gene pool of the titular nationality are now being prepared for publication in the form of the monograph "Russian Gene Pool", which will be published at the end of the year by the publishing house "Luch". The Vlast magazine cites some research data. So, it turned out that Russians are not "Eastern Slavs" at all, but Finns. By the way, these studies smashed to smithereens the notorious myth about the "Eastern Slavs" - that supposedly Belarusians, Ukrainians and Russians "constitute a group of Eastern Slavs." The only Slavs of these three peoples were only Belarusians, but it turned out that Belarusians are not “Eastern Slavs” at all, but Western ones, for they practically do not differ genetically from the Poles. So the myth of the "kindred blood of Belarusians and Russians" was completely destroyed: the Belarusians turned out to be virtually identical to the Poles, the Belarusians are genetically very far from the Russians, but very close to the Czechs and Slovaks. But the Finns of Finland turned out to be much closer genetically to the Russians than the Belarusians. Thus, according to the Y chromosome, the genetic distance between Russians and Finns in Finland is only 30 conventional units (close relationship). And the genetic distance between a Russian person and the so-called Finno-Ugric peoples (Mari, Vepsians, Mordovians, etc.) living on the territory of the Russian Federation is equal to 2-3 units. Simply put, they are genetically IDENTICAL. In this regard, the Vlast magazine notes: “And the harsh statement of the Estonian Foreign Minister on September 1 at the EU Council in Brussels (after the Russian side denounced the agreement on the state border with Estonia) about discrimination of the Finno-Ugric peoples allegedly related to the Finns in the Russian Federation loses meaningful meaning ... But because of the moratorium of Western scientists, the Russian Foreign Ministry could not reasonably accuse Estonia of interfering in our internal, one might even say closely related, affairs. " This philippic is only one facet of the mass of contradictions that have arisen. Since the closest relatives for the Russians are the Finno-Ugrians and Estonians (in fact, they are the same people, because the difference of 2-3 units is inherent in only one people), then the Russian jokes about the "inhibited Estonians" are strange, when the Russians themselves are these Estonians. A huge problem for Russia also arises in the self-identification of itself as supposedly "Slavs", because genetically the Russian people have nothing to do with the Slavs. In the myth of the "Slavic roots of the Russians", the scientists of Russia have put a fat point: there is nothing from the Slavs in the Russians. There is only a near-Slavic Russian language, but it also contains 60-70% of the non-Slavic vocabulary, so a Russian person is not able to understand the languages ​​of the Slavs, although a real Slav understands due to the similarity of the Slavic languages ​​- any (except Russian). The results of the analysis of mitochondrial DNA showed that one more close relatives of Russians, except for the Finns of Finland, are Tatars: Russians from Tatars are at the same genetic distance of 30 conventional units, which separates them from Finns. The data on Ukraine turned out to be no less sensational. It turned out that genetically the population of Eastern Ukraine is Finno-Ugric: Eastern Ukrainians practically do not differ from Russians, Komi, Mordovians, Mari. This is one Finnish people who once had their own common Finnish language. But with the Ukrainians of Western Ukraine, everything turned out to be even more unexpected. These are not the Slavs at all, just as they are not the "Russofinns" of Russia and Eastern Ukraine, but a completely different ethnic group: the genetic distance between the Ukrainians from Lvov and the Tatars is only 10 units.

Such close kinship of Western Ukrainians with Tatars may be explained by the Sarmatian roots of the ancient inhabitants of Kievan Rus. Of course, there is a certain Slavic component in the blood of Western Ukrainians (they are more genetically close to the Slavs than the Russians), but these are still not Slavs, but Sarmatians. Anthropologically, they are characterized by wide cheekbones, dark hair and brown eyes, dark (and not pink, like Caucasians) nipples. The magazine writes: “You can react as you like to these strictly scientific facts showing the natural essence of the reference electorates of Viktor Yushchenko and Viktor Yanukovych. But it will not be possible to accuse Russian scientists of falsifying these data: then the accusation will automatically spread to their Western colleagues, who have been delaying the publication of these results for more than a year, each time extending the moratorium. The magazine is right: these data clearly explain the deep and permanent split in Ukrainian society, where in fact two completely different ethnic groups live under the name “Ukrainians”. Moreover, Russian imperialism will take this scientific data into its arsenal - as another (already weighty and scientific) argument to "augment" the territory of Russia with Eastern Ukraine. But what about the myth about the "Slavs-Russians"?

Recognizing these data and trying to use them, Russian strategists here are confronted with what is popularly called a "double-edged sword": in this case, they will have to revise the entire national self-identification of the Russian people as "Slavic" and abandon the concept of "kinship" with Belarusians and the whole Slavic World - not at the level of scientific research, but at the political level. The magazine also publishes a map showing the area where "truly Russian genes" (that is, Finnish) are still preserved. Geographically, this territory "coincides with Russia during the times of Ivan the Terrible" and "clearly shows the conventionality of some state borders," the magazine writes. Namely: the population of Bryansk, Kursk and Smolensk is not at all Russian (that is, Finnish), but Belarusian-Polish - identical to the genes of Belarusians and Poles. An interesting fact is that in the Middle Ages the border between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Muscovy was precisely the ethnic border between the Slavs and Finns (by the way, the eastern border of Europe passed along it then). Further imperialism of Muscovy-Russia, which annexed neighboring territories, went beyond the ethnic Muscovites and already seized foreign ethnic groups.

WHAT IS RUSSIA?

These new discoveries of Russian scientists allow us to take a fresh look at the whole politics of medieval Muscovy, including its concept of “Rus”. It turns out that Moscow's “pulling of the Russian blanket over itself” is explained purely ethnically, genetically. The so-called "Holy Russia" in the concept of the ROC of Moscow and Russian historians was formed by the rise of Moscow in the Horde, and, as Lev Gumilyov wrote, for example, in the book "From Russia to Russia", for the same fact, Ukrainians and Belarusians ceased to be Rusyns. ceased to be Russia. It is clear that there were two completely different Rus'. One, Western, lived its own life of the Slavs, united into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Russia. Another Russia - Eastern Russia (more precisely Muscovy - for it was not considered Russia at that time) - entered the Horde ethnically close to it for 300 years, in which it then seized power and made it "Russia" even before the conquest of Novgorod and Pskov into the Horde-Russia. It is this second Rus - Rus of the Finnish ethnos - that the Russian Orthodox Church of Moscow and Russian historians call “Holy Rus”, depriving Western Rus of the right to something “Russian” (forcing even the entire people of Kievan Rus to call themselves not Rusyns, but “outskirts” ). The meaning is clear: this Finnish Russian had little in common with the original Slavic Russian.

The very centuries-old confrontation between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Muscovy (who seemed to have something in common in Russia, the Rurikovichs and in the Kiev faith, and the princes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Vitovt-Yuri and Yagailo-Yakov were Orthodox from birth, were Rurikovichs and Grand Dukes of Russia, no other language other than Russian knew) - this is a confrontation between countries of different ethnic groups: the Grand Duchy of Lithuania gathered the Slavs, and Muscovy - the Finns. As a result, for many centuries, two Rus' opposed each other - the Slavic ON and the Finnish Muscovy. This also explains the blatant fact that Muscovy NEVER, during his stay in the Horde, expressed a desire to return to Russia, to gain freedom from the Tatars, to join the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. And its seizure of Novgorod was caused precisely by the negotiations of Novgorod on joining the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. This Russophobia of Moscow and its "masochism" ("the Horde yoke is better than the GDL") can only be explained by ethnic differences with primordial Russia and ethnic closeness to the peoples of the Horde. It is this genetic difference with the Slavs that explains Muscovy's rejection of the European way of life, hatred of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Poles (that is, of the Slavs in general), a huge love for the East and Asian traditions. These studies of Russian scientists must necessarily be reflected in the revision of their concepts by historians. Including for a long time it is necessary to introduce into historical science the fact that there was not one Rus, but two completely different: Slavic Rus - and Finnish Rus. This clarification allows us to understand and explain many processes of our medieval history, which in the current interpretation still seem to be devoid of any meaning.

RUSSIAN SURNAMES

Attempts by Russian scientists to investigate the statistics of Russian surnames initially encountered a lot of difficulties. The Central Election Commission and local election commissions flatly refused to cooperate with scientists, arguing that only if the voter lists are kept secret, they can guarantee the objectivity and honesty of elections to federal and local authorities. The criterion for inclusion in the list of a surname was very mild: it was included if at least five carriers of this surname lived in the region for three generations. First, lists were compiled for five conditional regions - North, Central, Central-West, Central-East and South. In total, in all regions of Russia, there were about 15 thousand Russian surnames, most of which were found only in one of the regions and were absent in others.

When regional lists were superimposed on each other, scientists identified only 257 so-called "all-Russian surnames". The magazine writes: “It is interesting that at the final stage of the study, they decided to add the names of the residents of Krasnodar Territory to the list of the Southern Region, expecting that the predominance of Ukrainian surnames of the descendants of the Zaporozhye Cossacks, evicted here by Catherine II, would significantly reduce the all-Russian list. But this additional restriction reduced the list of all-Russian surnames by only 7 units - to 250. From which the obvious and not for everyone's pleasant conclusion followed that the Kuban was inhabited mainly by Russian people. And where did the Ukrainians go and were there any Ukrainians at all? It's a big question. " And further: “The analysis of Russian surnames generally gives food for thought. Even the simplest action - searching in it for the names of all the leaders of the country - gave an unexpected result. Only one of them entered the list of carriers of 250 top all-Russian surnames - Mikhail Gorbachev (158th place). The surname Brezhnev takes 3767th place in the general list (found only in the Belgorod region of the southern region). The surname Khrushchev is in 4248th place (found only in the Northern region, Arkhangelsk region). Chernenko took 4749th place (only the Southern region). Andropov is in 8939th place (only the Southern region). Putin ranked 14th 250th (South Region only). And Yeltsin was not included in the general list at all. Stalin's surname - Dzhugashvili - was not considered for obvious reasons. But on the other hand, the pseudonym Lenin was included in the regional lists under the number 1421, losing only to the first president of the USSR, Mikhail Gorbachev. " The magazine writes that the result amazed even the scientists themselves, who believed that the main difference between the carriers of the South Russian surnames was not the ability to lead a huge power, but the increased sensitivity of the skin of their fingers and palms. Scientific analysis of dermatoglyphics (papillary patterns on the skin of palms and fingers) of Russian people showed that the complexity of the pattern (from simple arcs to loops) and the accompanying skin sensitivity increases from north to south. "A person with simple patterns on the skin of his hands can hold a glass of hot tea in his hands without pain," Dr. Balanovskaya clearly explained the essence of the differences. "And if there are a lot of loops, then such people were unsurpassed pickpockets." Scientists publish a list of 250 most popular Russian surnames. Unexpected was the fact that the most massive Russian surname is not Ivanov, but Smirnov. This entire list is incorrect, it is not worth it, here are only 20 of the most massive Russian surnames: 1. Smirnov; 2. Ivanov; 3. Kuznetsov; 4. Popov; 5. Sokolov; 6. Lebedev; 7. Kozlov; 8. Novikov; 9. Morozov; 10. Petrov; 11. Volkov; 12. Soloviev; 13. Vasiliev; 14. Zaitsev; 15. Pavlov; 16. Semenov; 17. Golubev; 18. Vinogradov; 19. Bogdanov; 20. Vorobiev. All top all-Russian surnames have Bulgarian endings in -ov (-ev), plus several surnames in -in (Ilyin, Kuzmin, etc.). And there is not a single surname of “Eastern Slavs” (Belarusians and Ukrainians) in the -y, -ich, -ko among the top 250. Although in Belarus the most common surnames are in -iy and -ich, and in Ukraine - in -ko. This also shows deep differences between the "Eastern Slavs", for the Belarusian surnames in -iy and -ich are equally common in Poland - and not at all in Russia. The Bulgarian endings of the 250 most massive Russian surnames indicate that the surnames were given by the priests of Kievan Rus, who spread Orthodoxy among its Finns in Muscovy, therefore these surnames are Bulgarian, from holy books, and not from the living Slavic language, which the Finns of Muscovy just do not It was. Otherwise, it is impossible to understand why the Russians do not have surnames at all of the Belarusians living nearby (in -ii and -ich), but Bulgarian surnames - although the Bulgarians are not at all bordering Moscow, but live thousands of kilometers away. The massive nature of surnames with animal names is explained by Lev Uspensky in the book "Mysteries of Toponymy" (Moscow, 1973) by the fact that in the Middle Ages people had two names - from their parents, and from baptism, and "from parents" then it was "fashionable" to give names beasts. As he writes, then in the family the children had the names Hare, Wolf, Bear, etc. This pagan tradition was embodied in the mass character of "animal" surnames.

ABOUT BELARUSIANS

A special topic in this study is the genetic identity of Belarusians and Poles. This did not become the subject of attention of Russian scientists, because outside of Russia. But it is very interesting for us. The very fact of the genetic identity of Poles and Belarusians is not unexpected. The very history of our countries confirms it - the main part of the ethnic group of Belarusians and Poles are not the Slavs, but the Slavic Western Balts, but their genetic "passport" is so close to the Slavic that it would be practically difficult to find differences in the genes between the Slavs and Prussians, Mazurs, Dainova , Yatvyagami, etc. This is what unites the Poles and Belarusians, the descendants of the Slavic Western Balts. This ethnic community also explains the creation of the Union State of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The famous Belarusian historian V.U. Lastovsky in his “Brief History of Belarus” (Vilno, 1910) writes that negotiations on the creation of the Union State of Belarusians and Poles began ten times: in 1401, 1413, 1438, 1451, 1499, 1501, 1563, 1564, 1566, 1567. - and ended for the eleventh time with the creation of the Union in 1569. Where does such persistence come from? Obviously - only from the awareness of the ethnic community, for the ethnic group of Poles and Belarusians was created on the dissolution of the Western Balts. But the Czechs and Slovaks, who were also part of the first in the history of the Slavic Union of the Peoples of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, no longer felt this degree of closeness, for they did not have a "Baltic component" in themselves. And even more alienation was among the Ukrainians, who saw little ethnic kinship in this and eventually entered into complete confrontation with the Poles. The studies of Russian geneticists allow us to look at our entire history in a different way, because many political events and political preferences of the peoples of Europe are largely explained by the genetics of their ethnic group - which until now has remained hidden from historians. It was genetics and the genetic relationship of ethnic groups that were the most important forces in the political processes of medieval Europe. The genetic map of peoples, created by Russian scientists, allows you to look at the wars and alliances of the Middle Ages from a completely different angle.

The results of research by Russian scientists about the gene pool of the Russian people will be assimilated in society for a long time, because they completely refute all our ideas, reducing them to the level of unscientific myths. This new knowledge should not so much be understood as it is necessary to get used to it. Now the concept of "Eastern Slavs" has become absolutely unscientific, the congresses of the Slavs in Minsk, where not Slavs from Russia gather at all, but Russian-speaking Finns from Russia, who are not genetically Slavs and have nothing to do with the Slavs, are unscientific. The very status of these "congresses of the Slavs" has been completely discredited by Russian scientists. According to the results of these studies, the Russian people were named by the scientists of Russia not as Slavs, but as Finns. The population of Eastern Ukraine is also called Finns, and the population of Western Ukraine is genetically Sarmatian. That is, the Ukrainian people are also not Slavs. The only Slavs from the "Eastern Slavs" are genetically named Belarusians, but they are genetically identical to the Poles - which means they are not "Eastern Slavs" at all, but genetically Western Slavs. In fact, this means the geopolitical collapse of the Slavic Triangle of the "Eastern Slavs", for the Belarusians turned out to be genetically Poles, Russians - Finns, and Ukrainians - Finns and Sarmatians. Of course, propaganda will continue to try to hide this fact from the population, but you cannot hide an sewn in a sack. As well as not shutting your mouth to scientists, not hiding their latest genetic research. It is impossible to stop scientific progress. Therefore, the discoveries of Russian scientists are not just a scientific sensation, but a BOMB capable of undermining all the existing foundations in the ideas of peoples. That is why the Russian magazine Vlast gave this fact an extremely concerned assessment: “Russian scientists have completed and are preparing for publication the first large-scale study of the gene pool of the Russian people. The publication of the results may have unpredictable consequences for Russia and the world order. ”The magazine did not exaggerate.

Vadim Rostov, "Analytical newspaper" Secret Research "