A summary of the story of the captain's daughter by chapters. Pushkin, Alexander Sergeyevich
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Chapter I
The story begins with a story about the family of Petrusha Grinev and his childhood. The father of the protagonist Andrei Petrovich, in order for his son to grow up as a literate person, trained in various sciences and languages, hired a French teacher Beaupré to study with him, who turned out to be a drunkard, which is why he was subsequently fired. After a little reflection, Grinev Sr. decides to make a real nobleman out of Petrusha and sends him to the service. The harsh character of Andrei Petrovich prepared for the protagonist not a brilliant career as a capital officer, but real trials in service in one of the fortresses on Yaik.
Having gone to his destination in Orenburg, the younger Grinev decided to stay for a short while in Simbirsk, where he met the hussar Ivan Zurin, who decides to teach the young officer to play billiards, and later, taking advantage of the protagonist's inexperience, wins 100 rubles from Peter. Despite the indignation of Savelich's uncle, who was sent to look after the young master, Grinev gives Zurin the money he lost.
Chapter II
Driving through the Orenburg steppe, the protagonist of the story finds himself in the center of a blizzard. The coachman cannot cope with the horses and find the way, but suddenly they meet a strange man who promises to show the travelers the right way. As a result, they manage to get on the road and, together with their savior, the travelers arrive at the inn. The man decides to talk with Grinev on various topics and, judging by the conversation, he can be attributed to the so-called "dashing people." The whole company stays to spend the night at the inn, and in the morning the main character decides to hit the road and gives the man who brought them out of the steppe a hare sheepskin coat.
Arriving in Orenburg, Grinev appears with an old friend of his father, General Andrei Karlovich, and he sends the young man to serve in the Belogorsk fortress, which is located on the border with the Kyrgyz, 40 miles from the city.
Chapter III
Petr Grinev arrives at the fortress, which turns out to be a small village. There he meets its inhabitants and first pays a visit to the commandant of the fortress. The main character easily converges with the cheerful officer Shvabrin, who was transferred to these parts from the capital, where he repeatedly violated discipline and killed someone.
Chapter IV
The main character settles in new conditions. He even has a special liking for the commandant's daughter Masha Mironova. Shvabrin is jealous of the girl for Grinev and slanders Masha in the eyes of Peter, after which the young man calls the officer to a duel, during which the young man is wounded.
Chapter V
The wounded Peter is looked after by the commandant's daughter and the regimental barber. The main character is recovering in speed and reconciles with Shvabrin, as he believes that the officer's pride is wounded because of Masha's preference for another. Grinev makes a marriage proposal to the commandant's daughter and the girl gives her consent. Peter writes a letter to his father, where he asks for his blessing for the marriage with Masha, but Andrei Petrovich learns about the duel, becomes ferocious and refuses his son's request.
Chapter VI
The commandant of the fortress from Orenburg receives a notification that Yemelyan Pugachev's "gang" is operating on the Yaik. He orders all personnel to be ready at any time to repel the alleged attack of the rebels, but Pugachev's trusted people are already in the fortress. One of them, who is a Bashkir, betrays himself. They seize him, but they cannot interrogate him, since the prisoner turns out to be dumb. Anxiety in the fortress is growing and the commandant decides to take his daughter out of this dangerous place.
Chapter vii
Masha cannot be sent to Orenburg, because before her departure, the fortress is surrounded by rebels. The commandant feels that they will not be able to hold on for a long time and says goodbye to his wife and daughter. In addition, he orders Masha to dress in the dress of a peasant woman in order to protect her from reprisals by Pugachev's people.
After the capture of the fortress, Emelyan Pugachev decides to judge everyone who does not worship him as a new sovereign. Shortly before this, Shvabrin goes over to the side of the rebels and advises Pugachev to betray the young Grinev to the execution, but his uncle Savelich stands up for his master, who on his knees asks to spare the "child".
Chapter viii
Emelyan Pugachev decides to pardon the protagonist, as he recognizes in him the person who gave him a rabbit sheepskin coat in due time. Peter immediately cannot recognize his guide as the leader of the rebels, but after Savelich's story, he is convinced that Pugachev is the very man who brought them out of the blizzard.
There is a ceremony of the local population swearing in to the self-proclaimed sovereign and Pugachev summons Grinev to him. During a conversation with a young officer, the chieftain invites him to join his army. Peter decisively refuses such a betrayal. Pugachev appreciates Peter's courageous deed and gives him a promise to let him go to Orenburg.
Chapter IX
A day after the above events, the main character receives an order from the leader of the rebels to transfer his demands to the generals in Orenburg and releases the officer. Immediately before setting off on the road, Savelich turns to Pugachev with a demand for compensation for losses for the property of his master plundered by the people of the ataman, but Emelyan threatens him with reprisals and the uncle calms down. Grinev observes this scene with a grin and sets off with Savelich on the road. He is worried that Shvabrin remains in the fortress as the new commandant.
Chapter X
Arriving in Orenburg, Peter spreads all the information he knows about Pugachev and his "army" to the general, and then appears at the military council, where he calls on the audience to conduct a surprise attack, but his ideas do not find support. There are military leaders who even offer “bribing tactics”. As a result, a general decision on the occupation of the defense in Orenburg is being worked out. A few days later, Pugachev's army besieges the city. Grinev makes a sortie behind its walls and receives a message from his bride with a prayer to protect her from the encroachments of Shvabrin, who does everything to make Masha his wife. Peter asks the general for a platoon of soldiers in order to liberate the fortress, but receives a negative answer. Then he looks for other options to save Masha.
Chapter XI
The main character secretly leaves Orenburg and goes to the Belogorsk fortress. Having not reached the final goal of several miles, Grinev and his uncle are captured by Pugachev's people, who take them to their chieftain. Peter tells the leader of the rebels about the purpose of his sortie, and Pugachev promises to arrange a wedding for them and bless the young. Grinev invites the impostor to repent and ask the empress for mercy. Having listened to the young officer, the leader of the rebels decides to tell him the Kalmyk tale of a raven and an eagle, comparing himself to a proud bird.
Chapter XII
Together with Pugachev, the protagonist of the story arrives at the Belogorsk fortress and the ataman demands from Shvabrin to bring Grinev's chosen one before his eyes. Shvabrin reluctantly obeys the order. As a result, it turns out that all this time Masha was under arrest, where she was fed only bread and water. Pugachev is extremely dissatisfied with Shvabrin's behavior and frees the girl from captivity, after which he gives the go-ahead so that Grinev can safely take Masha with him. He also forgives Peter for not telling him the truth about the girl's father.
Chapter XIII
On the way to Orenburg, near one of the surrounding settlements, Grinev and Masha are stopped by a guard. They are mistaken for Pugachev's scouts. But a major appears among the guards, who turns out to be the hussar Ivan Zurin. He does not advise the young to go to Orenburg and offers to stay with him, and send Masha to Grinev's father, which is what happens as a result. Peter's bride goes to his father with Savelich, and the main character with Zurin's regiment goes on a campaign against the rebels.
The hussars pursue scattered detachments of the Pugachev army and see devastated villages. After a while, Zurin receives an order to arrest Grinev and escort him to Kazan. The hussar is forced to comply with this order.
Chapter XIV
In Kazan, the commission of inquiry is conducting an inquiry into Grinev's case and is suspicious of his testimony. The protagonist does not want to involve his fiancée in the litigation, and he is charged with friendly relations with Yemelyan Pugachev. As a result, it turns out that Shvabrin gave evidence against Grinev.
The main character ends up in prison and is sentenced to eternal settlement in Siberia. Learning about this, Masha goes to the capital to ask the empress for help. Arriving in St. Petersburg, the girl learns that the Empress is currently in Tsarskoe Selo. Masha goes to the queen, where she meets a lady, to whom she talks about her situation. The woman promises to help Masha and convey her petition to the Empress. As a result, it turns out that Catherine II herself met the girl on the way. She found out about this when she got to the palace at the invitation of the empress. The groom of Masha Mironova has been pardoned.
It should be noted that the story is told on behalf of the protagonist. At the end of the story, the author makes a number of notes, from which it becomes known about the release of Grinev in 1774 by order of the empress, and in January of the following year, the main character goes to the execution of Emelyan Pugachev, who gives a sign to Grinev before going up the block.
- Petr Andreevich Grinev- the son of a retired military man who puts honor above all else. Until the age of 16, he was undersized. Over the course of the story, it is shown how Peter grows up and changes, turning into a mature man. A big role in the formation of his character was played by the boyfriend's beloved Masha Mironova. For her sake, he risks his life, grows up spiritually and morally;
- Alexey Shvabrin- the complete opposite of Grinev. Serves in the Belogorsk fortress for 5 years, is punished for murder. A sarcastic, arrogant, sneaky, cunning guy was rejected by Masha Mironova. Because of this, he goes to a duel with Peter;
- Masha Mironova- a young girl, daughter of the commandant of the fortress. The story "The Captain's Daughter" is named after her. Masha personifies a highly moral and noble person, pure and gentle. Going through difficulties, Masha remains faithful to her principles;
- Pugachev Emelyan- the leader of the uprising, calls himself the "Great Emperor" Peter III. An impostor who ended up being executed.
Excursion into the past
At the beginning of the story, Pyotr Grinev tells the reader about his youth and childhood. He is the only one in the family who survived. There were 9 children in total. His mother was a noblewoman, and his father was a retired major. The family's income was average, although Peter lived on a family estate in the Simbirsk province. The little boy was brought up almost all the time by the servant Savelich. He pampered the boy like his own son, taught him based on stories about fairytale heroes. Together they observed changes in nature, went fishing, hunting. Savelich himself knew how to read, could write and was a real storyteller.
Peter's father did not raise his son and hired Beaupre, a French hairdresser, as a teacher, who was a rare reveler - a libertine and a drunkard. When it became clear that the mannered Frenchman could not teach the boy anything, he was kicked out.
At the age of seventeen, they decided to send Petrusha to the service for correction, since the boy's education was low. To give his son a versatile education, his father, Andrei Petrovich, exiled him to Orenburg. A servant Savelich was also attached to the boy. Peter was upset because he dreamed of leaving for Petersburg.
To the service!
According to the rules, young nobles were assigned to some kind of regiment for service. Peter's father sends his son to a remote garrison in the Orenburg province, as he was afraid that his son would go on a spree in St. Petersburg.
On the way to the service, they stopped at an inn. The entire treasury was kept by Savelich, since Peter was still too young to manage finances. Captain Zurin meets in the Petrusha tavern, who invites him to play billiards.
Then Zurin offers to play for money. The inexperienced young man agrees, believing that he has a good command of the cue. Peter loses one hundred rubles. At that time it was a lot of money. Savelich does not want to repay the debt and persuades the master to come to his senses and not compensate for the loss. But Grinev immediately puts everything in its place, hinting who is the servant and who is the master, and orders to pay the debt. Pyotr Grinev explained to the servant that paying the debt is a matter of honor.
Blizzard in the steppe
After paying the debt, Grinev promises Savelich not to gamble anymore, regretting his mistake. The ride is still long and the servant forgives the young master. Because of Peter's carelessness, they get into trouble - a strong storm is approaching. The young man orders the driver to continue the journey, and soon they get stuck in the steppe, where they will have to camp for the night.
Everyone understands that they have lost their way, and they are pretty frozen. A stranger, an old man, helped the travelers and led them to the nearest house. As a token of gratitude, Pyotr Grinev wanted to give the old man money, but Savelich did not allow it. And the master gave the hare sheepskin coat.
Petrusha fell asleep in the hut and had a dream, which he later calls prophetic. He dreamed of his mother and home, his mother said that his father was dying. Then he says that he sees a stranger man who sits on his father's bed and calls himself the mother's husband. The stranger wants to get his father's blessing, but Andrei Petrovich does not give it. A man grabs an ax and kills everyone. Peter remains the only living observer.
When Peter arrived in Orenburg, his father’s colleague sent him to a greater wilderness - the Belgorod Fortress. The guy is even more upset.
In the Belogorsk fortress
In the fortress, which was located forty miles from Orenburg, people were engaged in hunting, fishing, working in the garden. The officers trained on the parade ground and rarely fired a cannon.
The owner of the fortress was Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, although everything was ruled by his wife, Vasilisa Yegorovna. The commandant and his wife also had a daughter, Mashenka. The family was simple and sincere, which Peter immediately liked. True, on this day, the acquaintance of Mashenka and Petrusha did not take place.
In the fortress, which was very similar to the village, Peter met the young lieutenant Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin, who was sent into exile for a duel, where he killed his rival. Shvabrin constantly spoke unkindly about everyone, spoke sarcastically about Mashenka, making her look like a fool. That he reported to Grinev. But when Petya himself met Masha, he thought that Alexei was a liar.
Shvabrin's cunning
Peter was left to live with the Cossack Semyon Kuzov. The resettlement of Peter was handed down to Semyon as a punishment from the Mironov family for poisoning in their garden. Thus began the monotonous days of Peter's service. Soon Grinev noticed that Alexei Shvabrin began to scornfully and wary of him. This happened due to the fact that they both liked the commandant's daughter - Mashenka.
Shvabrin perceived Grinev as a rival. Masha herself refused to offer Alexei a marriage proposal. For refusal, he began to disgrace her in front of other people and put her in an unflattering light. Although in fact Masha was an honest and kind girl. The girl's father and mother were worried about their daughter, as they could not provide her with a dowry.
Duel and letter home
Once, inspired by thoughts of a girl, Grinev wrote a poem in which the name Maria was written. Alexey Shvabrin read Peter's work and began to mock him, advising him to win Mashenka's favor not with rhymes, but with material things. He offered to give her a pair of earrings. Grinev flared up and called Alexei a liar.
Shvabrin challenged Peter to a duel, since such an insult was inappropriate for an officer. The young men decided to fight with swords. In the end, it didn’t come to a duel. The wife of the commandant, Vasilisa, found out about the duel and forbade it to be held. The guys agreed, but later again made an attempt to fight with swords. But in the morning Ivan Ignatyevich and several other men brought the young men to Vasilisa Yegorovna. She scolded the young people again and let them go.
Masha found out about the duel, told Grinev that Shvabrin had wooed her. Peter understood why Alexei flared up and again appointed a duel in which Grinev was wounded. When he woke up, he saw that Mashenka was sitting in front of him.
Petya realized that he was in love with a girl and wrote a letter to his parents, in which he asked for a blessing for the wedding. However, Peter's father refuses, since he believes that his son is not yet ripe for marriage.
Unrest in the city, attack on the fortress
Trouble begins in the fortress. Mironov receives an order to prepare for defense from the rioters. Emelyan Pugachev allegedly testifies falsely and calls himself Peter III. He escaped from custody and instills fear in those around him. One hope is that the robbers will pass by the fortress.
Ivan Kuzmich asks to take Masha and his wife to Orenburg, where the defense in the fortress is stronger. Vasilisa Yegorovna refuses to leave and decides not to leave her husband alone. Mashenka says goodbye to Grinev, but she fails to leave. All roads are closed. Some of the people went over to the side of the robbers, they surrendered to the Belogorsk fortress.
All employees are offered to accept the new ruler, Pugachev, but they all refuse. For this, Masha's father and Ivan Ivanovich will be executed. Then they were supposed to kill Peter, but Savelich begged Pugachev to take pity and have mercy on the guy. The servant later tells Peter that the old man who saved them from the storm and the one to whom Grinev presented the sheepskin coat was Emelyan Pugachev.
Vasilisa Yegorovna learns that her husband was hanged and says that she cannot live without her husband. One of the rebels wounds her to death. Masha falls ill. Pugachev settles next to her. Pugachev is told that this is the priest's niece, so that he does not kill Masha.
Departure to Orenburg
Grinev is released from the fortress to convey that he demands to surrender the city. Before that, they talk for a long time, and Pugachev tells Peter the tale of an eagle and a raven. Peter makes a different conclusion about what he heard than Pugachev. Grinev does not agree to swear allegiance to Emelyan, saying that he is loyal to the empress.
Peter leaves for Orenburg, knowing that Masha remains in the fortress. He goes straight to the general and asks to recapture the fortress. A council is being assembled, on which the officials sit. It was decided not to risk and attack the fortress. Peter is confused and upset, does not know how to free Mashenka.
Pugachev is recruiting more and more people into his detachment and is trying to attack Orenburg. However, this time the city withstood and it was impossible to break through the defense. Once Peter receives a letter from Mashenka. He reads with excitement. It turns out that Shvabrin was put in charge of keeping order in the fortress and he gave Masha three days to think about it so that she would become his wife. To which Masha writes in a letter - "Better to die than to be with Shvabrin."
Grinev goes to the Belogorsk fortress together with Savelich. With great difficulty, with the permission of Emelyan, Peter manages to take Masha out of the fortress. Shvabrin, in pursuit, tells that Masha is the commandant's daughter. But Pugachev replies that it is not in his rules to cancel the pardon if he has already decided to do so.
Visit to family and military investigation
The uprising is defeated, Pugachev's troops retreat beyond the Urals. Grinev sent Masha to his parents and they greeted her as their own. The same captain Zurov, to whom Grinev gave a debt of one hundred rubles, helped to send Mashenka to Peter's parents.
Clouds thickened over Grinev. He was summoned to the investigator and accused of treason and relations with the rioters. Shvabrin wrote a denunciation of Peter. Peter tries to justify himself, but does not want to expose his beloved. The investigation finds Peter guilty and assigns a punishment - hanging. But later they replace the punishment with lifelong exile to Siberia. Masha understands that Peter was punished because of her, wanting to keep her safe.
Interchange
Mashenka goes to the Empress herself. Peter's parents believe that Masha does not want to marry a traitor to her homeland and sadly say goodbye to her. However, Masha comes back with a victory for pardon from the empress herself. Masha proved that Grinev was punished out of nobility. Mashenka becomes a rich bride, as she receives gifts from the empress herself. The Empress thus compensates her daughter for the death of Ivan Mironov's father.
The lovers get married and move to live in the Simbirsk province. Pugachev was executed on Red Square, and Grinev goes to the execution for the last time to look him in the eyes with gratitude. Their gazes meet at the end.
Test based on the story The Captain's Daughter
The story "The Captain's Daughter", the retelling of which is proposed in this article, was written by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in 1836. It tells the story of the Pugachev uprising. The author, creating the work, was based on the events that actually happened in 1773-1775, when the Yaik Cossacks, under the leadership of Peter Fedorovich Emelyan Pugachev, posing as Tsar, began taking villains, thieves and fugitive convicts as servants. Maria Mironova and Pyotr Grinev - however, the sad time of the civil war was truly reflected in their fates.
Chapter 1. Sergeant of the Guard
The story "The Captain's Daughter", the retelling of which you are reading, begins with the story of Pyotr Grinev about his life. He was the only child who managed to survive from 9 children of a poor noblewoman and a retired major, lived in a noble family with an average income. The old servant was actually the teacher of the young master. Peter received a poor education, as his father hired a Frenchman - the hairdresser Beaupre - as a tutor. This man led an immoral, dissolute lifestyle. For lecherous acts and drunkenness, he was eventually expelled from the estate. And Petrusha, a 17-year-old boy, his father decided to send to serve in Orenburg on old connections. He sent him there instead of Petersburg, where they were supposed to take the young man into the guard. To look after his son, he attached Savelich, an old servant, to him. Petrusha was very upset, because instead of the capital's festivities, a bleak existence awaited him in this wilderness. Alexander Sergeevich writes about these events in the story "The Captain's Daughter" (Chapter 1).
The retelling of the work continues. During one of the stops on the way, a young master meets Zurin, a rake-captain, because of whom he became addicted to playing billiards under the pretext of training. Soon Zurin invites the hero to play for money, and in the end Peter loses 100 rubles - a significant amount at that time. Savelich, who was entrusted with keeping the "treasury" of the master, protests that Pyotr Grinev should pay the debt, but the master insists on this. Savelich had to submit and give the money.
Chapter 2. Counselor
We continue to describe the events of the story "The Captain's Daughter". The retelling of the second chapter is as follows. Peter, in the end, begins to be ashamed of this loss and promises to the servant not to play for money anymore. A long journey awaits them, and Savelich forgives his master. But again, because of Peter's indiscretion, they are in trouble. Despite the impending storm, Grinev ordered the driver to continue on their way, and they got lost and nearly froze to death. However, luck was on the side of the heroes - they suddenly met a stranger. He helped the travelers get to
We continue our retelling of Chapter 2 of "The Captain's Daughter". Grinev recalls that he, tired after this unsuccessful trip, had a dream in the wagon, which he called prophetic: he saw his mother, who announced that Peter's father was dying, and his house. After that, Grinev saw in his father's bed a man with a beard, whom he did not know. The mother told the hero that this man is her named husband. Peter refuses to accept the "father's" blessing of the stranger, and then he grabs the ax, corpses appear everywhere. Grinev, however, he does not touch.
Now they are already driving up to the inn, which resembles a thieves' haven. A stranger frozen in one of his clothes asks for wine from Petrusha, and he treats him to it. An incomprehensible conversation in thieves' language begins between the owner of the house and the man. Peter does not understand its meaning, but what he hears seems very strange to the hero. Grinev, leaving the shelter, thanked, again to the displeasure of Savelich, his guide, giving him a hare sheepskin coat. The stranger bowed in response, saying that he would not forget this mercy forever.
When, finally, the hero gets to Orenburg, one of his father's colleagues, having read a letter with a request to keep the young man, sends him to serve in the Belogorsk fortress - an even more remote place. This upsets Peter, who has long dreamed of a guard uniform.
Chapter 3. Fortress
Chapter 3 of the story "The Captain's Daughter", the retelling of which is offered to your attention, begins with the following events. We meet the commandant of the fortress. Ivan Kuzmich Mironov was its owner, but in fact everything was ruled by the boss's wife, Vasilisa Yegorovna. Peter immediately liked these sincere and simple people. The middle-aged couple already had a young daughter Masha, but so far her acquaintance with the main character has not taken place. In the fortress, which turned out to be an ordinary village, the young man meets a lieutenant named Aleksey Ivanovich Shvabrin. He was sent here from the guard for participating in a duel that ended in the death of his opponent. This hero often sarcastically about Masha, the captain's daughter, portraying her as a fool, and generally had a habit of speaking unflattering about people. After Grinev himself met the girl, he expressed doubts about the lieutenant's remarks. Let's continue our retelling. The Captain's Daughter, Chapter 4, is summarized below.
Chapter 4. Duel
Grinev, benevolent and kind by nature, began to communicate more and more closely with the commandant's family, and gradually moved away from Shvabrin. Masha did not have a dowry, but she turned out to be a lovely girl. Peter did not like Shvabrin's sharp remarks. In the evenings, inspired by the thoughts of this girl, he began to write poems to her and read them to Alexei Ivanovich. But he only ridiculed him, starting to humiliate the girl's dignity even more, saying that she would come at night to anyone who would give her earrings.
In the end, the friends had a big fight, and a duel was to take place. Vasilisa Yegorovna found out about the duel, but the heroes pretended that they made up, and they themselves decided to postpone the fight for the next day. In the morning, as soon as they drew their swords, 5 invalids and Ivan Ignatyevich brought them to Vasilisa Yegorovna under escort. After scolding the duelists, she let them go. Alarmed by the news of this duel, Masha told Pyotr Grinev in the evening about Alexei Shvabrin's unsuccessful matchmaking to her. Then Grinev understood the motives of this person's behavior. The duel did take place. Peter turned out to be a serious opponent for Alexei Ivanovich. However, Savelich suddenly appeared in a duel, and, hesitating, Peter was wounded.
Chapter 5. Love
The retelling of the story "The Captain's Daughter" continues, we have already reached Chapter 5. Masha was leaving the wounded Peter. The duel brought them closer together, and they fell in love. Grinev, wanting to marry a girl, writes a letter to his parents, but does not receive a blessing. The father's refusal does not change the hero's intentions, but Masha does not agree to marry in secret. Lovers move away from each other for a while.
Chapter 6. Pugachevshchina
We bring to your attention a retelling of Chapter 6 ("The Captain's Daughter"). The excitement begins in the fortress. Mironov receives orders to prepare for an attack by robbers and rioters. Who calls himself Peter III escaped from custody and now terrifies the local population. He is approaching Belogorsk. There are not enough people to defend the fortress. Mironov sends his wife and daughter to Orenburg, where it is safer. The wife decides not to leave her husband, and Masha says goodbye to Grinev, but she can no longer leave.
Chapter 7. Massacre
Pugachev offers to surrender, but the commandant does not agree to this and opens fire. The battle ends with the transfer of the fortress into the hands of Pugachev.
Emelyan decides to inflict reprisals on those who refused to obey him. He will execute Mironov and Ivan Ignatich. Grinev decides to die, but not to swear allegiance to this person. But the servant Savelich rushes to the ataman's feet, and he decides to have mercy on Peter. The Cossacks drag Vasilisa Yegorovna out of the house and kill her.
Chapter 8. Uninvited guest
This is not the end of the retelling of the story "The Captain's Daughter". Grinev understands that Masha will also be executed if they find out that she is here. In addition, Shvabrin took the side of the rebels. The girl is hiding in the house of the priest. In the evening, Peter had a friendly conversation with Pugachev. He remembered goodness and in return gave the young man freedom.
Chapter 9. Parting
Pugachev ordered Peter to go to Orenburg in order to report his attack a week later. The young man leaves Belogorsk. Shvabrin becomes commandant and remains in the fortress.
Chapter 10. City siege
Grinev, upon arrival in Orenburg, reported on what was happening in At the council, everyone, except for the protagonist, voted not for the attack, but for the defense.
The siege began, and with it need and hunger. Peter secretly corresponds with Masha, and in one of the letters she informs the hero that Shvabrin is holding her captive and wants to marry. Grinev informs the general about this and asks the soldiers to save the girl, but he refuses. Then Peter alone decides to save his beloved.
Chapter 11. Rebellious settlement
Grinev on the way gets to the people of Pugachev, he is sent for interrogation. Peter tells Pugachev about everything, and he decides to have mercy on him.
They go to the fortress together, and they talk along the way. Peter persuades the troublemaker to surrender, but Emelyan knows that it is too late.
Chapter 12. Orphan
Pugachev learns from Shvabrin that Masha is the daughter of the former commandant. At first he is angry, but this time Peter manages to win Yemelyan's favor.
Chapter 13. Arrest
Pugachev lets the lovers go, and they go home to their parents. On the way, they meet Zurin, the former head of the outpost. He persuades the young man to stay in the service. Peter himself understands that duty is calling him. He sends Savelich and Masha to his parents.
In battles, Pugachev begins to suffer defeat. But he himself could not be caught. Zurin and his squad are sent to suppress a new rebellion. Then the news comes that Pugachev was captured.
Chapter 14. Court
We continue our brief retelling. Pushkin ("The Captain's Daughter") tells further about the following events. Grinev is arrested as a traitor, denounced by Shvabrin. The Empress pardoned him, taking into account the merits of her father, but sentenced the hero to exile for life. Masha decides to go to Petersburg to ask the Empress for her beloved.
By chance, a girl meets her for a walk in the garden and talks about her grief, not knowing who her interlocutor is. After this conversation, Maria Mironova was invited to the palace, where she saw Catherine II. She pardoned Grinev. Pugachev was executed. The lovers reunited and continued the Grinev family.
Only a brief retelling of the chapters has been offered to your attention. It does not cover all the events and does not fully disclose the psychology of the heroes, therefore, to form a more detailed understanding of this work, we recommend that you refer to the original.
The Captain's Daughter is a work by Pushkin, which certainly deserves reading, but if you want to recall the main points, then our summary will suit you.
Excursion into the past
The protagonist of the story, Pyotr Grinev, is the only child in the family of Major Andrei Petrovich and hereditary noblewoman Avdotya Vasilievna. His family was not poor: they had three hundred souls of peasants, a rich house and a lot of land.
Peter's brothers and sisters died in infancy. From an early age, the boy was raised by Arkhip Savelich, a devoted servant of the family. He told Peter about nature, about the heroes of epics, took him on a fishing trip. However, the father wanted his son to receive a good education, and invited for him a tutor from Moscow - Monsieur Beaupre; he was a hairdresser, but he knew French and the rules of conduct in society. Savelich was very upset and said that this idea would not lead to good - the old man did not immediately like the new teacher. He turned out to be right: the Frenchman did not study with the boy at all and led a dissolute lifestyle. Soon Andrei Petrovich expelled Monsieur Beaupre from his estate.
To the service!
According to the rules, young nobles from early childhood were assigned to any regiment of the imperial army. Pyotr Grinev's father replaced the regiment in which the young man was assigned: now he had to go not to the guard, but to a remote garrison in the Orenburg province. The officer believed that his son would not learn anything in St. Petersburg. Peter was upset: he wanted to go to the capital. Due to the fact that the young nobleman was only seventeen, Savelich went with him, who was entrusted with all the money and luggage.
During the first stop at the inn, Pyotr tells Savelich that he must obey him in everything, and demands that he be given money to cover the debt. It turned out that the young man had lost in a billiard competition to Captain Zurin, and now owes him one hundred rubles. Savelich asked Grinev to ask his opponent to forgive him for losing for the inexperience of years, but Peter stood his ground, saying that paying the debt is a matter of honor.
Blizzard in the steppe
After the debt was paid, Grinev promised Savelich not to make such mistakes again. A hurricane is coming; the young man orders the driver to continue the journey, and soon they get stuck in the steppe - they will have to stay for the night on the way. They were helped by a passing man, wrapped in an old army jacket; following him, Peter and his companions reached the nearest hut. As a token of gratitude, Grinev wanted to give him some money, but Savelich refused, and the young man presented the man with a hare sheepskin coat.
In the Belogorsk fortress
After a while, Peter reached his garrison. The fortress was located forty versts from Orenburg, on the Yaitsky bank. The people living here were engaged in hunting, fishing, gardening. Those who served trained on the parade ground, and sometimes fired shots from a single cannon.
The family of the commandant of the fortress Ivan Kuzmich consisted of three people: himself, his wife Vasilisa Yegorovna and daughter Mashenka. Vasilisa Yegorovna was in charge of all the affairs; she was very different from Grinev's mother, who often cried because of Andrei Petrovich's severity.
Shvabrin's cunning
The days of the service were rather monotonous. Soon, Peter began to notice the open hostility shown towards him by his colleague Alexei Shvabrin - this was due to the fact that Shvabrin liked the commandant's daughter, and he perceived Grinev as a rival, especially since Masha refused Shvabrin's offer. He began to lower the girl in the eyes of Peter, but he saw that in fact Masha was a good and honest girl. Parents were worried about the fate of their daughter: she did not have a dowry, and therefore she could remain unmarried forever.
Duel and letter home
Once Peter wrote a verse in which the name Mary was encountered. Shvabrin, to whom he showed his work, laughed, saying that the heart of the commandant's daughter should be won not with poetry, but with material things, for example, a pair of new earrings. Grinev, angry, called Alexei a liar, and he challenged Peter to a duel - such an insult was serious for an officer. Young people decided to fight with swords. The second - Lieutenant Ivan Ivanovich - managed to prevent bloodshed, but the rivals met again. When Grinev turned to Savelich, who ran to them, Shvabrin inflicted a wound on him just below the shoulder. After that, Peter spent five days unconscious; when the young man came to himself, he saw that Masha was sitting next to him.
Grinev realized that he loved this girl very much. He writes a letter to his parents, in which he asks them to give a blessing for the wedding with Masha; she agrees to become his wife, provided that his parents do not mind. However, Andrei Petrovich refuses because of a duel - he thinks that his son has not yet matured if he is ready to risk his life for all sorts of trifles like poems.
Unrest in the city, attack on the fortress
There were rumors in the garrison about the troubled situation in the city: Emelyan Pugachev gathered the people and went to the tsar. The commandant began preparing for the defense, but he realized that the forces were small, and reinforcements were unlikely: the only hope was that the rebels would pass by. But that doesn't happen. Ivan Kuzmich asks to take his daughter away and says parting words to her and his wife, but the women did not manage to leave: the roads to Orenburg are closed. Part of the population goes over to the side of the rebels, and the Belogorsk fortress surrenders. The invaders offer the commandant and officers to swear an oath to the new ruler - Pugachev; they refuse. For this, the rebels will execute Ivan Kuzmich and Ivan Ivanovich. The next was to be Pyotr Grinev, but Savelich fell at the feet of Yemelyan Pugachev and began to beg the impostor to release the young officer and execute him instead of the young man. Pugachev said that he would let Peter go just like that. In the evening Savelich reminded the young man of the passer-by whom they met on the way. The one to whom Peter gave the hare sheepskin coat - Emelyan Pugachev.
Vasilisa Yegorovna asks the Cossacks to take her to her husband; she thinks he was taken prisoner. Then she sees him among the hanged; life is not dear to her without her husband. One of the rebels mortally wounds a woman. Masha, who is in the priest's house, has a fever; Pugachev stopped across the wall from her. He asks who is behind the partition. Popadya says this is her niece; if it is revealed that Masha is the captain's daughter, she cannot avoid death.
In the meantime, Savelich presents Pugachev with a bill for the spoiled things, having written down there a hare sheepskin coat. At first, the impostor refused him, but soon he sent a horse, a fur coat and half a dollar.
Departure from the fortress
Pugachev releases Grinev from the fortress. During the conversation, Emelyan told Peter a Kalmyk tale about an eagle and a crow. The young man goes to Orenburg; his soul is heavy - Masha remained in the fortress. Peter goes to the general, reports to him about what is happening in the fortress and declares the urgent need to move troops. But at the military council they decide that this is pointless: it is better to continue to defend Orenburg.
The rebels make attempts to attack the city, but he manages to withstand. Horsemen sometimes go on reconnaissance near Orenburg; on one of the trips Grinev meets a sergeant who went over to the side of Pugachev. He gives him a letter from Masha. It turns out that Shvabrin was appointed the new commandant, and he threatens to force the girl into his wife in three days. Masha writes that she would rather die than become the wife of Alexei.
After that, Peter and Savelich go to the Belogorsk fortress. Having received the personal permission of Pugachev, they take Masha out of the fortress. Shvabrin informs Yemelyan that the girl is the daughter of the former commandant, but the man, true to his word, does not change his mind.
Visit to family and military investigation
Soon the scattered detachments of the rebels retreated beyond the Urals. Peter sent Masha to his parents - they greeted the girl like a family. Captain Zurov helped to accomplish this.
After a while, the young man is called by the investigator. According to the denunciation, Grinev entered into a relationship with Pugachev, saw him several times and, possibly, was his spy. The author of the denunciation was none other than Shvabrin, who was recently arrested. Peter realizes that he cannot justify himself without mentioning Masha's name, and decides to remain silent. Grinev was sentenced to be hanged, but was soon replaced by a lifelong exile to Siberia. Grinev's parents were shocked that their son turned out to be a defector. Masha understands that Peter did not make excuses because of her: it was better for the young man to go to hard labor than to suspect his beloved.
Interchange
Masha decided to go to Tsarskoe Selo for an audience with the Empress. Peter's parents thought that she did not want to marry the traitor, and let her go, but a few days later the girl returned, bringing with her a paper with an imperial seal. It spoke of the complete innocence of Pyotr Grinev; he must be released and all charges of treason and espionage removed from him. Masha was able to prove to the Empress that the young man saw Pugachev only in order to save her from the fortress, that Peter was a noble and honest officer who never betrayed the Fatherland. The Empress presented Masha with a rich dowry, saying that this was the little she could do for the daughter of Captain Ivan Mironov. After a while they got married; the newlyweds decided to settle in the Simbirsk province.
Yemelyan Pugachev was soon brought to Red Square for execution on the place of execution. Peter came to Moscow to look the rebel in the eyes; the young man owed him a lot.
Pushkin, having written this work, undoubtedly created a masterpiece that is popular even today. The history of valiant warriors defending the honor of the Motherland, despite all the twists and turns of fate, always commands respect.
You can fully experience the customs that reigned in imperial Russia by reading the full work of Pushkin or his brief retelling. "The Captain's Daughter", retold by chapters, is an opportunity to significantly reduce the time that needs to be spent on reading. In addition, the reader gets to know the work without losing the original meaning of the story, which is an extremely important detail.
Chapter I - Sergeant of the Guard
You can find out about the most significant events from which this story begins by reading its brief retelling. "The Captain's Daughter" (Chapter 1) begins with a story about how the life of the parents of the main character, Pyotr Andreyevich Grinev, developed. It all started with the fact that Andrei Petrovich Grinev (the father of the protagonist), having retired as prime-major, left for his Siberian village, where he married a poor noblewoman Avdotya Vasilyevna. Despite the fact that 9 children were born in the family, all of them, except for the main character of the book, Pyotr Andreyevich, died in infancy.
While still in the mother's womb, the child was enrolled by his father in the Semyonovsky regiment as a sergeant, thanks to the good disposition of one influential relative, who was a major in the prince's guard, to the family. The father hoped that if a girl was born, he would simply announce the death of the sergeant who did not appear at the service, and the issue would be resolved.
From the age of 5, Peter was given to the upbringing of the stirrup Savelich, who for his sobriety was granted him an uncle. By the age of 12, the boy not only knew Russian literacy, but also learned to understand the dignity of greyhounds. Considering his son old enough to further master the sciences, his father wrote him a French teacher from Moscow, Monsieur Beaupré, who was kind, but had a weakness for women and guilt. As a result, several girls complained about him to their mistress, and he was expelled in disgrace.
Once the father of the main character of the book, rereading the Court calendar, which he subscribed annually, saw that his subordinates had risen to high ranks, and decided that Peter should be sent to the service. Despite the fact that the son was originally enrolled in the Semyonovsky regiment in St. Petersburg, his father decided to send him as an ordinary soldier to the army in order to save him from a riotous life. Having written a covering letter to Peter, he sent it, accompanied by Savelich, to his friend Andrey Karlovich in Orenburg.
Already at the first stop in Simbirsk, when the guide left for shopping, Peter, bored, went to the billiard room, where he met Ivan Ivanovich Zurin, who served in the rank of captain. After it turned out that the young man did not know how to play billiards, Zurin, promising to teach him, at the end of the game said that Peter had lost and now owed him 100 rubles. Since Savelich had all the money, Zurin agreed to wait for the debt and took his new acquaintance to entertainment establishments, having thoroughly drunk him.
In the morning, Peter was visited by a messenger boy with a letter in which Zurin demanded his money. Frightened by this behavior of his ward, Savelich decided that he needed to be taken out of the tavern as soon as possible. As soon as the horses were served, Peter drove off in the direction of Orenburg, without even saying goodbye to his "teacher".
Chapter II - The Counselor
It is noteworthy that even a brief retelling fully conveys the essence of the work written by Pushkin. "The Captain's Daughter" (Chapter 2) begins from the moment when Peter realizes all the stupidity and recklessness of his behavior. He decides to make peace with Savelich, promising not to spend a dime more without his knowledge.
I had to get to Orenburg through a snow-covered desert. After our heroes had covered most of the way, the driver suggested turning the horses to the place of their previous parking, as the storm was approaching. Considering his fears unnecessary, Peter decided to continue his journey, only speeding up the horses in order to quickly get to the next parking lot. However, the storm began much earlier than they had time to reach it.
Making their way through the snow drifts, they saw a road man in the snow, who showed them the way to the nearest village. While they were driving, Peter fell asleep, and he had a terrible dream, as if, having arrived home, he learned that his father was dying. However, approaching the bed, instead of his father, he found a terrible man there. Mother tried to persuade Peter to kiss his hand and receive a blessing, but he refused. Then the terrible man got out of bed, holding an ax in his hand, and the whole room was filled with corpses of people and blood. He did not manage to watch the dream to the end, since Savelich woke him up, announcing that they had already arrived at the inn.
After resting, Peter ordered to give them to yesterday's escort half a dollar, but after Savelyich resisted, he did not dare to break the promise made to him and decided to give the escort his new hare sheepskin coat, despite all the dissatisfaction of his older comrade.
Arriving in Orenburg, the young man went straight to the general, who looked like a real old man. Peter gave him a cover letter and his passport and was assigned to the Belgorod Fortress under the command of Captain Mironov, who was supposed to teach him all the military wisdom.
Analysis of the opening part of the story
Many will agree that one of the best creations that Pushkin created is "The Captain's Daughter". A brief retelling of the work allows you to fully familiarize yourself with the story. At the same time, you will spend a minimum amount of time reading it.
What is the next story of a short retelling? "The Captain's Daughter" (1 and 2 chapters) tells about how the comfortable childhood and youth of the master's son passed, who gradually begins to comprehend the world through his own trial and error. Despite the fact that he still does not have the proper life experience, the young man began to communicate with various people, recognizing their character traits, which are not always positive.
A brief retelling of the story "The Captain's Daughter" (Chapter 1) allows us to judge how much influence parents had on their offspring, whose decision was unquestioning and not subject to discussion. The second chapter shows the reader that the attitude towards people returns a hundredfold, because the usual sheepskin coat, granted to the poor man, in the future will have a great influence on the fate of the protagonist.
Chapter III - Fortress
A short retelling of the story "The Captain's Daughter" (Chapter 3) continues. Pyotr Grinev finally arrived at the Belgorod Fortress, in which, however, he was greatly disappointed due to the lack of large-scale buildings. He saw only a small village, in the middle of which a cannon was installed. Since no one came out to meet him, he decided to ask about where he needed to go from the nearest old woman, who, upon close acquaintance, turned out to be the captain's wife Vasilisa Yegorovna. She graciously received Peter and, calling the police officer, gave orders to give him a good room. The hut in which he was to live was located on the high bank of the river. He lived in it together with Semyon Kuzov, who occupied the second half.
Getting up in the morning, Peter was amazed at the uniformity of existence in a place where he was to spend many days. However, at that time a young man knocked on his door, who turned out to be an officer Shvabrin, discharged from the guard for a duel. The young people quickly became friends and decided to pay a visit to Captain Ivan Kuzmich, who was caught training the soldiers. He invited the young people to stay for lunch and invited them to come to his house. There they were kindly met by Vasilisa Yegorovna, who introduced them to her daughter Maria Ivanovna, the first impression of whom Peter had a negative impression. You can fully experience how the relationship of these young people began to form with just a short summary.
"The Captain's Daughter" - a chapters retelling of the work - allows you to significantly speed up the time that needs to be spent on reading. Peter Grinev immediately became a good candidate for husbands for Maria's parents, and they in every possible way encouraged the development of such relations, which at the initial stage did not develop very smoothly.
Chapter IV - Duel
A brief retelling of chapter 4 of "The Captain's Daughter" begins from the moment when Peter began to get used to the fortress and received the officer's rank. At the captain's house, he was now accepted as a family, and with Marya Ivanovna he developed strong friendly relations, which are strengthening every day against the background of mutual sympathy.
Peter begins to annoy Shvabrin more and more, however, since there was no other suitable interlocutor in the fortress, he continued to see him every day. Once, having heard a song composed by Peter, Shvabrin starts a skirmish, as a result of which he introduces Maria as a fallen girl and challenges Peter to a duel. As a second, the young people decided to invite Lieutenant Ivan Kuzmich. However, he not only refused, but also threatened to tell the captain everything. Peter barely managed to promise him to keep the future duel a secret. Despite this, on the day when the battle was supposed to take place, Vasilisa Yegorovna watched the young people, who, taking away their swords, ordered them to make peace.
However, as it turned out, the skirmish did not end there. Maria Ivanovna told Peter that Shvabrin had made her an offer a few months before his arrival, and she refused him. That is why he says hard-hitting things about her person. The essence of this person can be examined in detail by reading a short retelling. "The Captain's Daughter" is a story in which people first of all show their true essence, which in ordinary times is hidden under the mask of visible benevolence.
Peter Grinev, not wanting to put up with this state of affairs, decides to punish the impudent one at all costs. The very next day after the conversation described above between former friends, a fight takes place on the bank of the river, as a result of which the main character receives a blow with a sword in the chest, slightly below the shoulder.
Chapter V - Love
In this chapter, the reader can familiarize himself with the love story, as far as a brief retelling allows. "The Captain's Daughter" is a work in which the main characters are not so much revolutionaries striving for power, but two young people who are sincerely in love with each other.
The fifth chapter begins with the moment when Pyotr Grinev comes to himself after being wounded just at the moment when the barber was bandaging him. Marya Ivanovna and Savelich did not leave him while health returned to normal. On one of these days, left alone with Peter, Mary dared to kiss him on the cheek. Peter, who had not hidden his feelings before, made her an offer. Maria agreed, however, they decided to postpone and not tell their parents until the young man's wound was completely healed.
Peter immediately wrote a letter to his parents, in which he asked for a blessing. Meanwhile, the wound began to heal, and the young man moved from the commandant's house to his apartment. Peter made up with Shvabrin in the very first days, asking the good commandant to release him from prison. Shvabrin, having come out, admitted that he was wrong and apologized.
Peter and Mary have already begun to make plans for their life together. They had no doubt that the girl's parents would give their consent to the marriage, but the letter received from Peter's father completely ruled out their plans. He was categorically against this marriage, and Marya Ivanovna was against marriage without a blessing.
Staying at the commandant's house after this news became a burden for Pyotr Grinev. The fact that Maria diligently avoided him drove the young man to despair. Sometimes he even thought that Savelich told his father everything, which caused his displeasure, but the old servant refuted his assumptions, showing an angry letter in which Andrei Petrovich Grinev threatened to subject him to the hardest work for not reporting what had happened in time. The good-natured old man tried to soften the anger of Andrei Petrovich Grinev, describing in his reply letter not only the seriousness of Peter's injury, but also the fact that he did not report it only because he was afraid to disturb the mistress, who, after receiving this news, fell ill.
Reading analysis
After reviewing the text set out above, the reader can be convinced that the whole meaning put into the work by Pushkin has absorbed this brief retelling. "The Captain's Daughter" (Chapter 1-5) fully reveals to the reader the world of the Russian Empire. For most people at that time, the concepts of honor and courage were inseparable, and Pyotr Andreevich Grinev owned them to the fullest.
Despite the outbreak of love, the young people did not dare to disobey the will of their parents and tried, if possible, to stop communicating. It is safe to say that if it were not for the rebellion raised by Pugachev, their fate could have turned out completely differently.
Chapter VI - Pugachevshchina
The political and military situation in the Orenburg province was very unstable. After Ivan Kuzmich received a state letter in which it was reported about the escape of the Don Cossack Pugachev, the guard in the fortress was tightened. Rumors began to spread among the Cossacks, which could induce them to revolt. That is why Ivan Kuzmich began to send scouts to them, informing him about the mood in their ranks.
After a very short period of time, Pugachev's army began to gain strength, he even wrote a message to Ivan Kuzmich, in which he announced that he would soon come to seize his fortress and invites everyone to go over to his side. The unrest was intensified by the fact that the neighboring Nizhneozersk fortress was taken by Pugachev, and all the commandants who did not submit to him were hanged.
After this message, Ivan Kuzmich insisted that Maria be sent to her godmother in Orenburg under the protection of stone walls and cannons, while the remaining people would defend the fortress. The girl, who learned about her father's decision, was extremely upset, and Peter, who saw this, returned after everyone had left, to say goodbye to his beloved, promising never to forget her.
Chapter VII - The Attack
The events that will be discussed in this chapter are fully described by a short retelling. "The Captain's Daughter" is a story that shows all the emotional anguish of the protagonist, torn between the Motherland and his beloved, which is in danger.
The chapter begins with the fact that Peter cannot sleep on the night before the battle. The news that Pugachev surrounded the fortress and Maria Ivanovna did not manage to leave it caught him by surprise. He hurriedly joined the men preparing to defend the structure. Some of the soldiers deserted, and when Pugachev sent the last warning to the defenders of the fortress, there were already very few of them. Ivan Kuzmich ordered his wife and daughter to flee from the battlefield. Despite the fact that the defense of the fortress was heroic, Pugachev captured it without much difficulty, since the forces were unequal.
The face of the rebel taking the oath of office in the square seemed vaguely familiar to Peter, but he could not remember exactly where he had seen him. All who did not want to submit to the leader, he immediately executed. Most of all, the protagonist was struck when he saw in the crowd of traitors Shvabrin, who was trying his best to get Peter to the gallows.
Our hero, who was already standing in a noose, was saved by a lucky break in the form of old Savelich, who threw himself at Pugachev's feet and asked for pardon for the master. The rebel pardoned the young man and, as it turned out, not in vain. It was Pugachev who was the very guide who brought Peter and Savelich out of the snowstorm, and it was to him that the young man presented his hare sheepskin coat. However, Peter, who had not yet managed to get away from the first shock, was waiting for a new one: Vasilisa Yegorovna, stripped naked, ran out into the square, scolding the invaders, and when she saw her husband killed by Pugachev, she showered him with curses, in response to which he ordered her to be executed, and the young Cossack struck her saber on the head.
Chapter XIII - The Uninvited Guest
You can fully feel the full degree of despair that gripped the protagonist by reading the full work of Pushkin or his brief retelling. "The Captain's Daughter" by chapter (Pushkin) allows you to significantly speed up the reading time without losing the meaning of the story. This chapter begins with the following moment: Peter stands in the square and watches as the surviving people continued to swear allegiance to Pugachev. After that, the area is empty. Most of all, Peter Grinev was worried about the unknown fate of Maria Ivanovna. Examining her room, plundered by the robbers, he found the servant Broadsword, who reported that Marya Ivanovna had fled to the priest, with whom Pugachev was having dinner at that moment.
Peter immediately went to her house and, having lured the priest, learned that she had called the girl her sick niece to save Mary from the robbers. A little reassured, Peter returned home, but was immediately summoned to an appointment with Pugachev. He still sat with the priest along with his closest officers. Pugachev, like Peter, was amazed at the vicissitudes of fate, which again brought their paths together, because, giving the sheepskin coat to the guide, Peter could not even think that he would one day save his life.
Pugachev asked again if Peter would swear allegiance to him, but he refused and asked to let him go to Orenburg. Since the rebel was in good spirits and was extremely pleased with Peter's honesty, he allowed him to leave the next day.
Chapter IX - Parting
In this chapter, the reader can familiarize himself with the robbery that Pugachev did in Russia. Even a brief retelling of his actions fully conveys. "The Captain's Daughter" is one of the first works that reveal the whole essence of that era. It shows without embellishment the robbery and devastation that reigned in the cities captured by the gangs of the self-styled sovereign.
The ninth chapter begins with the fact that in the morning Pyotr Grinev comes to the square again. The people who were hanged the day before are still hanging in noose, and the body of the commandant was just carried to the side and covered with matting.
At this time, Pugachev, under the beat of drums, goes out into the street along with all his entourage, in whose ranks Shvabrin was also standing. Calling Peter to him, he allowed him to leave for Orenburg and announce to the governor that the generals there prepare for his arrival and surrender in order to avoid bloodshed.
After that, he turned to the people and said that Shvabrin was now appointed commandant of the fortress, he needed to be obeyed unquestioningly. Peter was horrified, realizing that Maria Ivanovna remained in the hands of a traitor angry with her, but so far he could not do anything.
Having made this statement, Pugachev was about to leave, but Savelich approached him with a list of the stolen things. The leader, angry, drove him away, however, when Peter said goodbye to Marya Ivanovna, whom he already considered his wife, and he and Savelich retired from the fortress at a sufficient distance, they were overtaken by the police officer, who handed them a horse and a fur coat. He also said that he was carrying another half of the money from their benefactor, which he lost on the way. Despite the fact that neither Peter nor Savelich believed his words, they nevertheless gratefully accepted the gift and set off towards Orenburg.
Analysis
The central part of the narrative allows us to conclude that the life of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, due to his carelessness, was constantly in danger. After you analyze the shortest retelling, "The Captain's Daughter" will be presented not as an amusement story, but as a work that should direct young people on the right path and protect them from reckless actions. This happened to Peter Grinev, who, thanks to his kind and honest disposition, was able to win the respect of even such an unprincipled person as Pugachev.
Chapter X - Siege of the City
After Peter finally arrived in Orenburg, he spoke at a special military meeting about how things are in the army of Pugachev and the Belgorod fortress, and called for the immediate sending of troops to disperse the rioters, but his opinion was not supported. It was decided to withstand the siege for the sake of the safety of the inhabitants of the city, repelling the forays of the enemy, but the city was not at all prepared for it. Prices immediately rose to the maximum level, there was not enough food for everyone, and hunger was brewing in Orenburg.
Pyotr Andreevich repeatedly made sorties to the enemies during this time, shooting with Pugachev's assistants, but the advantage was almost always on their side, since neither horses nor people experienced a shortage of food. On one of these sorties, Peter caught up with a straggling Cossack and was about to hack him to death, when he recognized him as a sergeant who brought him a horse and a sheepskin coat when he and Savelich were leaving the Belgorod fortress. The same, in turn, handed him a letter from Marya Ivanovna, which said that Shvabrin was forcing her to marry and, if she refused, would send her straight to Pugachev. She asked him for 3 days to think about it and begged Pyotr Andreyevich to make every effort to save her, since she no longer has loved ones except him. The young man immediately went to the governor of Orenburg, to whom he told about the state of affairs and asked to give him soldiers, promising to release the Belgorod fortress and Maria Ivanovna with them, but the governor refused him.
Chapter XI - Rebellious Freedom
Upset by the refusal of the governor, Peter returned to his apartment and asked Savelich to give him a part of the hidden money, and let the remaining money go to his own needs without hesitation. He was going to go alone to the Belgorod fortress to save Marya Ivanovna. Despite such a generous gift, Savelich decided to follow him. On the way, they were stopped by the Pugachev patrolmen, and, despite the fact that Peter managed to slip past them, he could not leave Savelich in their hands and returned back, after which he was also tied up and taken for interrogation to Pugachev.
Left alone with him, Peter asked to release the orphan girl, whom Shvabrin is holding in captivity and demands that she marry him. The angry Pugachev decided to personally go to the fortress and free the hostage.
Chapter XII - The Orphan
When Pugachev drove up to the commandant's house, Shvabrin saw that Peter had come with him, he was scared, for a long time did not want to show the girl to them, referring to the fact that she was sick and in delirium tremens, and also that he would not allow an outsider to enter to his wife.
However, Pugachev quickly tempered his ardor, saying that as long as he was the sovereign, everything would be as he decided. Approaching the room where Marya Ivanovna was kept, Shvabrin made another attempt not to let visitors to her, saying that he could not find the key, but Pugachev simply knocked down the doors.
A sad sight opened up to their eyes. Marya Ivanovna, pale and disheveled, was sitting in a simple peasant dress on the floor, and next to her lay a piece of bread and water. It turned out that the girl was not going to give Shvabrin her consent to the marriage, and his deception greatly angered Pugachev, who, however, being in a complacent mood, decided to pardon him this time. Peter, who once again risked resorting to Pugachev's mercy, asked to let them and Marya Ivanovna go to all four directions and, having received approval, began to prepare for the road. And Maria went to say goodbye to her murdered parents.
Chapter XIII - Arrest
A short retelling of the story "The Captain's Daughter" allows us to assess the strength of Pugachev's influence at that time. Thanks to a letter of protection, which he wrote out to Peter Grinev, he and Maria easily passed all the oncoming posts until he was captured by the sovereign's soldiers, who took him for an enemy. Imagine Peter's surprise when it turned out that the head of the soldier was Ivan Ivanovich Zurin, the one to whom he lost 100 rubles in billiards. They decided to send Maria along with Savelich to Peter's parents. The young man himself had to stay and continue with Zurin the campaign against the robber Pugachev. Maria immediately agreed with his proposal, and the old man Savelich, being stubborn, agreed to accompany her and take care of her as his future mistress.
Peter began his duties in Zurin's regiment and even received his first leave, which he was going to spend with his loved ones. But suddenly Zurin came to his apartment with a letter, which ordered the arrest of Peter, wherever he was, and transfer him under investigation in the Pugachev case.
Despite the fact that the young man's conscience was clear, and he was not afraid to be accused of a crime, the thought that he would not see his family and Mary for several months more poisoned his existence.
Chapter XIV - The Court
A brief retelling of the work "The Captain's Daughter" (Chapter 14) continues with the fact that Peter was taken to Kazan, completely destroyed by Pugachev, in custody. They put him in chains as a criminal and the very next day they began to interrogate him with the participation of the commission. Peter indignantly rejected all accusations and told the commission his version of the events that had taken place.
Despite the fact that the judges began to gain confidence in Peter's story, after the speech of Shvabrin, who was also arrested and told the commission about Peter's espionage activities for the good of Pugachev, his affairs, already unimportant, deteriorated significantly. Peter was taken to a cell and was no longer summoned for interrogation.
The rumor about his arrest struck the whole family, which was imbued with sincere love for Marya Ivanovna. Andrei Petrovich Grinev received a letter from his relative, in which he reported that the evidence of treason by his son was too solid, but thanks to his influence it was decided to replace the execution with exile to Siberia.
Despite the fact that Peter's relatives were inconsolable, Marya Ivanovna did not lose her presence of mind and decided to go to Petersburg in order to turn to the most influential people for help. She arrived in Sofia and, stopping near the location of the royal court, told one young lady her story, asking the Empress to put in a word for her. Despite the fact that at first the young lady did not believe her story, the more Maria Ivanovna told her the details, the more favorable the lady became to her, promising to put in a word for her before the Empress.
As soon as the girl returned to her room, which she was renting, a carriage was brought to the house, and the chamberlaine declared that the Empress demanded her to be at court. Appearing in front of the empress, the girl recognized in her the very lady with whom she had recently talked and asked for help, she handed her a letter to her future father-in-law and said that Peter would be fully acquitted. To celebrate, Marya Ivanovna immediately went to the village, not staying in Petersburg for a single day.
Summing up
Many will agree that one of the best works that Pushkin wrote is "The Captain's Daughter". A brief retelling of the previous chapters fully shows the hopelessness of the situation of the protagonist. Having managed to avoid most of the dangers and delivering his beloved to a safe place, under the protection of his parents, Pyotr Grinev finds himself in a very difficult situation, as a result of which he can be recognized as a traitor to the Motherland and even executed.
If it were not for the dedication of the young girl, who was not afraid to appear before the tsarina with a request for clemency, the current situation for Pyotr Grinev would have ended not in the best way.
Epilogue
Reading a brief retelling of the story "The Captain's Daughter" by chapters, we were able to fully imbued with the atmosphere of that time.
Despite the fact that Pyotr Andreevich Grinev's notes break off at this, it is known that he was fully acquitted and released, attended the execution of Pugachev and nevertheless married Maria Ivanovna, with whom he lived happily until his death, carefully keeping the tsarina's letter sent to him father.
The whole essence of the story is conveyed regardless of whether you have read the whole story or just a short retelling of it. "The Captain's Daughter", chapters transmitted, allows us to examine in detail how the life of the protagonist has developed, without prejudice to the meaning of the narrative. The selfless young man did not bow under the blows of fate, with due courage enduring all the misfortunes that fell to his lot.
Without a doubt, even a very short retelling can fully convey the whole meaning that Pushkin put into his creation. "The Captain's Daughter" is still a work that makes people proud. It is these heroes who faithfully serve their Fatherland.