What number is written in roman. For everyone and everything

Despite the total dominance in our time of Arabic numerals and the decimal system of counting, the use of Roman numerals can also be found quite often. They are used in historical and military disciplines, music, mathematics and other areas where the established traditions and requirements for the design of materials inspire the use of the Roman number system, mainly from 1 to 20. Therefore, for many users it may be necessary to dial any number in Roman an expression that may cause some difficulty for some people. In this article, I will try to help such users and tell you how to type Roman numerals from 1 to 20, and also describe the features of the data set of numbers in the MS Word text editor.

As you know, the Roman number system dates back to ancient Rome, continuing to be actively used throughout the Middle Ages. Since about the 14th century, Roman numerals are gradually being replaced by the more convenient Arabic numerals, the use of which has become prevalent today. At the same time, Roman numerals are still actively used in some areas, quite successfully resisting their translation into Arabic counterparts.

Numbers in the Roman system are represented by a combination of 7 capital letters of the Latin alphabet. These are the following letters:

• The letter "I" - corresponds to the number 1;
• The letter "V" - corresponds to the number 5;
• The letter "X" - corresponds to the number 10;
• The letter "L" - corresponds to the number 50;
• The letter "C" - corresponds to the number 100;
• The letter "D" - corresponds to the number 500;
• The letter "M" - corresponds to the number 1000.

With the help of the above seven Latin letters, almost all numbers in the Roman numeral system are written. The characters themselves are written from left to right, usually starting from the largest digit to the smallest.

However, there are also two basic principles:

How to write Roman numerals on the keyboard

Accordingly, to write Roman numerals on the keyboard, it will be enough to use the characters of the Latin alphabet located on a standard computer keyboard. Roman numerals from 1 to 20 look like this:

Arab roman

How to put Roman numerals in the Word

You can write Roman numerals in from one to twenty and not only in two main ways:

1. Using the standard English keyboard layout, where Latin letters are represented. Switch to this layout, click on "Caps Lock" on the left to activate the capital letters mode. Then we type the number we need in letters;
2. Using a formula set. We place the cursor in the place where it is necessary to mark the Roman numeral, and click on the key combination Ctrl + F9... Two characteristic brackets will appear, highlighted in gray.

Between these brackets we enter a combination of symbols:

= X \ * Roman

Where instead of "X" there should be the required number, which must be presented in Roman form (let it be 55). That is, now this combination with the number 55 we have chosen should look like:

Then we press F9, and we get the required number in Roman numerals (in this case, it is LV).

Conclusion

Roman numerals from 1 to 20 can be written using just seven keys of your PC's English keyboard layout. At the same time, the text editor MS Word also has the ability to use a formulaic set of Roman numerals, although, as for me, the traditional, alphabetic method, which is used everywhere, is quite enough.

In contact with

The Roman letter numbering system has been common in Europe for two thousand years. Only in the late Middle Ages it was replaced by a more convenient decimal system of numbers for calculations, borrowed from the Arabs. But, until now, Roman numerals indicate dates on monuments, time on clocks and (in the Anglo-American typographic tradition) pages of book prefaces. In addition, in Russian, ordinal numbers are usually denoted by Roman numerals.

To designate numbers, 7 letters of the Latin alphabet were used: I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500, M = 1000. Intermediate numbers were formed by adding several letters to the right or left. At first, thousands and hundreds were written, then tens and ones. Thus, the number 24 was depicted as XXIV. The horizontal line above the symbol meant multiplication by a thousand.

Natural numbers are written by repeating these numbers. Moreover, if the larger digit is in front of the smaller one, then they are added (the principle of addition), if the smaller one is in front of the larger one, then the smaller one is subtracted from the larger one (the principle of subtraction). The last rule applies only to avoid repeating the same digit four times. For example, I, X, C are placed respectively before X, C, M for 9, 90, 900 or before V, L, D for 4, 40, 400. For example, VI = 5 + 1 = 6, IV = 5 - 1 = 4 (instead of IIII). XIX = 10 + 10 - 1 = 19 (instead of XVIIII), XL = 50 - 10 = 40 (instead of XXXX), XXXIII = 10 + 10 + 10 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 33, etc.

Performing arithmetic operations on multidigit numbers in this entry is very inconvenient. The system of Roman numerals is not currently used, with the exception, in some cases, of the designation of centuries (XV century, etc.), years A.D. NS. (MCMLXXVII etc.) and months when specifying dates (for example, 1. V.1975), ordinal numbers, and sometimes derivatives of small orders, greater than three: yIV, yV, etc.

Roman numerals are often a problem for us.
But it is them that are customarily used when numbering centuries and book chapters, when designating clothing sizes and steps in music.
There are Roman numerals in our life. So it's too early to give them up. Easier to learn, understand and learn. Moreover, it is not difficult.
So, to designate numbers in Latin, combinations of the following 7 characters are accepted: I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), M (1000).
Why were Latin letters chosen to represent the numbers 5, 50, 100, 500 and 1000? It turns out that these are not Latin letters, but completely different signs. The fact is that the basis for the Latin alphabet (and, by the way, it exists in several versions - 23, 24 and 25 letters) was the Western Greek alphabet.

Thus, the three characters L, C, and M go back to the Western Greek alphabet. Here they denoted aspirated sounds, which were not in Latin. When the Latin alphabet was drawn up, it was they who turned out to be superfluous. And they were adapted to represent numbers in the Latin script. Later, they coincided in writing with the Latin letters. So, the sign C (100) became similar to the first letter of the Latin word centum (one hundred), and M - (1000) - to the first letter of the word mille (thousand). As for the sign D (500), it represented half of the sign F (1000), and then it already looked like a Latin letter. The V (5) sign was only the upper half of the X (10) sign.
In this regard, by the way, the popular theory that the name of the church office of the Pope (Vicarius Filii Dei), when replacing letters with Roman numerals, adds up to the "devil's number", seems funny.

So how do you figure out Latin numbers?
If the sign denoting a smaller number is to the right of the sign denoting a larger number, then the smaller is added to the larger; if on the left, then subtract:
VI - 6, i.e. 5 + 1
IV - 4, i.e. 5-1
LX - 60, i.e. 50 + 10
XL - 40, i.e. 50-10
CX - 110, i.e. 100 + 10
XC - 90, i.e. 100-10
MDCCCXII - 1812, i.e. 1000 + 500 + 100 + 100 + 100 + 10 + 1 + 1.

Different designations of the same number are possible. So, the number 80 can be represented as LXXX (50 + 10 + 10 + 10) and as XXC (100-20).
Basic Roman numerals look like this:
I (1) - unus (unus)
II (2) - duo (duo)
III (3) - tres (tres)
IV (4) - quattuor
V (5) - quinque
VI (6) - sex (seks)
VII (7) - septem
VIII (8) - octo (octo)
IX (9) - novem (novem)
X (10) - decem, etc.

XX (20) - viginti (viginti)
XXI (21) - unus et viginti or viginti unus
XXII (22) - duo et viginti or viginti duo, etc.
XXVIII (28) - duodetriginta (duodetriginta)
XXIX (29) - undetriginta
XXX (30) - triginta (triginta)
XL (40) - quadraginta
L (50) - quinquaginta
LX (60) - sexaginta
LXX (70) - septuaginta
LXXX (80) - octoginta
XC (90) - nonaginta
C (100) - centum
CC (200) - ducenti
CCC (300) - trecenti
CD (400) - quadrigenti
D (500) - quingenti
DC (600) - sexcenti
DCC (700) - septigenti
DCCC (800) - octingenti
CM (DCCCC) (900) - nongenti (nongenti)
M (1000) - mille (mille)
MM (2000) - duo milia
V (5000) - quinque milia
X (10000) - decem milia
XX (20,000) - viginti milia
C (1,000,000) - centum milia
XI (1,000,000) - decies centena milia (decies centena milia) "

Elena Dolotova.

This page contains beautiful Arabic numerals that cannot be typed from the keyboard. They can be copied and pasted where the font cannot be changed (in social networks). In addition to the numbers used by Europeans, there are real ones - those that are used by the Arabs themselves. And for the kit, let them lie down and Roman numerals and Indian. They won't ask for food, I hope. All of them are from Unicode, you can find out more about them by typing them into the search on the site.

Arab:

① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ ⑩ ⑪ ⑫ ⑬ ⑭ ⑮ ⑯ ⑰ ⑱ ⑲ ⑳

❶ ❷ ❸ ❹ ❺ ❻ ❼ ❽ ❾ ❿ ⓫ ⓬ ⓭ ⓮ ⓯ ⓰ ⓱ ⓲ ⓳ ⓴ ⓿ ❶ ❷ ❸ ❹ ❺ ❻ ❼ ❽ ❾ ❿

⓵ ⓶ ⓷ ⓸ ⓹ ⓺ ⓻ ⓼ ⓽ ⓾

¼ ½ ¾ ⅐ ⅑ ⅒ ⅓ ⅔ ⅕ ⅖ ⅗ ⅘ ⅙ ⅚ ⅛ ⅜ ⅝ ⅞ ⅟

⑴ ⑵ ⑶ ⑷ ⑸ ⑹ ⑺ ⑻ ⑼ ⑽ ⑾ ⑿ ⒀ ⒁ ⒂ ⒃ ⒄ ⒅ ⒆ ⒇

⒈ ⒉ ⒊ ⒋ ⒌ ⒍ ⒎ ⒏ ⒐ ⒑ ⒒ ⒓ ⒔ ⒕ ⒖ ⒗ ⒘ ⒙ ⒚ ⒛

𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓 𝟔 𝟕 𝟖 𝟗 𝟘 𝟙 𝟚 𝟛 𝟜 𝟝 𝟞 𝟟 𝟠 𝟡 𝟢 𝟣 𝟤 𝟥 𝟦 𝟧 𝟨 𝟩 𝟪 𝟫 𝟬 𝟭 𝟮 𝟯 𝟰 𝟱 𝟲 𝟳 𝟴 𝟵 𝟶 𝟷 𝟸 𝟹 𝟺 𝟻 𝟼 𝟽 𝟾 𝟿

Roman:

Ⅰ – 1 ; ⅩⅠ - 11

Ⅱ – 2 ; ⅩⅡ - 12

Ⅲ – 3 ; ⅩⅢ - 13

Ⅳ – 4 ; ⅩⅣ - 14

Ⅴ – 5 ; ⅩⅤ - 15

Ⅵ – 6 ; ⅩⅥ - 16

Ⅶ – 7 ; ⅩⅦ - 17

Ⅷ – 8 ; ⅩⅧ - 18

Ⅸ – 9 ; ⅩⅨ - 19

Ⅹ – 10 ; ⅩⅩ - 20

Ⅽ – 50 ; ⅩⅩⅠ - 21

Arabic for Arabs = Indian in Devanagari script = understandable to us

A bit of history. It is believed that the Arabic numeral system originated in India around the 5th century. Although, it is possible that even earlier in Babylon. Arabic numerals are called because they came to Europe from the Arabs. At first, in the Muslim part of Spain, and in the 10th century, Pope Sylvester II called for the abandonment of the cumbersome Latin notation. A serious impetus to the spread of Arabic numerals was the translation into Latin of Al-Khwarizmi's book "On the Indian Account".

Indo-Arabic notation for numbers is decimal. Any number consists of 10 characters. Unicode, by the way, uses hexadecimal numbers. It is more convenient than the Roman one because it is positional. In such systems, the value that the number denotes depends on its position in the number. In the number 90, the number 9 means ninety, and in the number 951, nine hundred. In non-positional systems, the position of the symbol does not play such a role. The Roman X stands for ten in both the XII and MXC numbers. Many peoples recorded numbers in a similar non-positional manner. Among the Greeks and Slavs, some letters of the alphabet also had a numerical meaning.

Roman numerals, invented more than 2500 years ago, were used by Europeans for two millennia, then they were replaced by Arabic numerals. This happened because Roman numerals are difficult to write down, and any arithmetic operations in the Roman system are much more difficult to perform than in the Arabic numeral system. Despite the fact that today the Roman system is not often used, this does not mean that it has become irrelevant. In most cases, centuries are denoted in Roman numerals, but it is customary to write years or exact dates in Arabic numerals.

Roman numerals are also used when writing ordinal numbers of monarchs, encyclopedic volumes, valences of various chemical elements. On the dials of wristwatches, the numbers of the Roman numeral system are also often used.

Roman numerals are specific signs used to record decimal places and their halves. Only seven capital letters of the Latin alphabet are used for this. Number 1 corresponds to the Roman numeral I, 5 - V, 10 - X, 50 - L, 100 - C, 500 - D, 1000 - M. When denoting natural numbers, these numbers are repeated. So 2 can be written using two times I, that is, 2 - II, 3 - three letters I, that is, 3 - III. If the smaller digit comes before the larger one, then the principle of subtraction is used (the smaller digit is subtracted from the larger one). So, the number 4 is depicted as IV (that is, 5-1).

In the case when a large number is in front of a smaller one, they are added, for example, 6 is written in the Roman system as VI (that is, 5 + 1).

If you are used to writing numbers in Arabic numerals, then some difficulties may arise when you need to write centuries in Roman numerals, any number or date. It is very easy and very fast to convert any number from the Arabic system to the Roman numeral system and vice versa, using the convenient converter on our website.

On the computer keyboard, it is enough to switch to English in order to easily write down any number in Roman numerals.

Apparently, the ancient Romans preferred straight lines, so all their numbers are straight and strict. However, Roman numerals are nothing more than a simplified representation of the fingers of a human hand. The numbers from one to four resemble outstretched fingers, the number five can be compared to an open palm, where the thumb is protruding. And the number ten resembles two crossed arms. In European countries, when counting, it is customary to unbend the fingers, but in Russia, on the contrary, to bend them.