What are the features of a new person in the image. The Russian language is great and mighty

Famusov

That's it, you are all proud!
Would you ask how the fathers did?
They would study, looking at the elders ...
A. S. Griboyedov

In the 60s of the XIX century, a new type of hero appears in Russian literature, which is usually called the "new man". This hero replaced the "superfluous person", the protagonist of the works of the first half of the 19th century. "Superfluous people", intelligent, educated, are not satisfied with the life around them and the ideals of their contemporary society. All of them are dissatisfied with their life without meaning, but they cannot find a serious goal that would capture them, give meaning to their life. That is why they are called "superfluous people." NADobrolyubov gives a convincing characterization of "superfluous people" in his article "What is Oblomovism?"

The life position of "superfluous people" for their time was more or less clear: the heroes defiantly opposed themselves to the surrounding society and thus were a living reproach to this society: why do young, educated, capable people turn out to be "superfluous"? But during the first revolutionary situation and later, the position of exclusion from public life becomes already insufficient. In the new historical conditions, work must be done. New — active — heroes began to be called "new people" after NG Chernyshevsky, who so called the positive heroes of his social novel "What is to be done?"

The novel "Fathers and Sons" presents a "new man" - Bazarov. True, Turgenev calls him a "nihilist" and explains in detail what he means by this foreign word. Hearing him for the first time, Nikolai Petrovich says: "This is from the Latin nihil - nothing ... this word means a person who does not recognize anything" (V). Arkady immediately clarifies: “A nihilist is a person who does not bow before any authorities, who does not accept a single principle on faith, no matter how respectfully this principle is surrounded” (ibid.). In other words, it is not true that Bazarov does not believe in anything, he trusts "experience", "sensible truth", that is, he does not believe in "principles", but believes in frogs. DI Pisarev, who according to socio-political views should be attributed to real (and not literary) nihilists, approves of such beliefs of Bazarov: “It is in the frog itself that the salvation and renewal of the Russian people lies” (“ Motives of Russian Drama ", X). In the natural sciences, the critic explains his thought, phrases and authorities do not mean anything, empirical evidence is needed here, and only that scientist who “will live a full mental life and look at things judiciously and seriously” (ibid.) Can find them.

The conversation about nihilists ends with Pavel Petrovich's caustic remark: “Yes. Before there were Hegelists, and now there are nihilists. Let's see how you will exist in emptiness, in airless space ”(V). There is a reason for this causticity: no matter what Bazarov and his associates say, they cannot escape the knowledge and achievements of previous generations, that is, the “fathers”. This reveals one of the laws of dialectics (the transition from quantity to quality), formulated, by the way, by G. Hegel.

Bazarov as a “new man” is contrasted in the novel with the main ideological opponent - Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, who is very reminiscent of “superfluous people” both in his convictions and in his life history. In turn, Pavel Petrovich did not like the long-haired nihilist with bad manners and huge pride at first sight. Bad manners of Bazarov, carefully noted by the writer (careless answers through clenched teeth, stomping in flower beds, sitting on the table, careless posture “lounging” in a chair, yawning during a conversation), can be regarded as a deliberate challenge to aristocrats from the “medicinal son”: Bazarov neglects rules of decency and defiantly taunts the sleek hands and tight collars of the idler Pavel Petrovich.

Both the one and the other argue a lot in the novel and thus reveal their philosophical convictions, political views, life position. Turgenev cites in detail the statements of each of them about the people, state power, political struggle, the social structure of Russia, about Russian history, science, art, etc. Bazarov wins in these disputes, which proves the thoughtfulness, thoroughness of his convictions and, at the same time, the vulnerability of many views of Pavel Petrovich, who, due to his age and long village seclusion, has lagged behind life. The former secular lion does not understand that a new time is coming and it requires decisive action, and not only beautiful, albeit fair reasoning. About the new time in the novel, Bazarov says: “Before, in recent times, we said that our officials take bribes, that we have no roads, no trade, no proper court ... And then we figured out what to talk about, that's all just chatting about our ulcers is not worth the trouble (...) ”(X). Repeating this thought, Bazarov turns to Arkady: “Your brother, a nobleman, cannot go further than noble humility or noble boil, and this is nothing. For example, you don’t fight — and you already imagine yourself to be fine fellows — but we want to fight ”(XXVI).

Thus, two fundamentally different life positions are revealed to the reader. Bazarov is a democrat both by origin (his grandfather plowed the land, and his father was a regimental doctor), and by convictions (“Our dust will eat your eyes, our dirt will stain you, and you have not grown up to us ...” (XXVI), - says the main character to Arkady), and according to the working way of life. Pavel Petrovich is an aristocrat proud of his family, taking advantage of the fortune of his ancestors and demanding respect for himself "because he generally dined well, and once even dined with Wellinggon at Louis Philippe's" (VII). Bazarov's behavior proves that he is a purposeful, efficient, strong-willed person. Turgenev's hero is a poor student, just like Rodion Raskolnikov, but he does not despair, endures all the difficulties (lack of money, neglect of wealthy fellow students, enormous physical stress), which broke Raskolnikov, continues to study and is engaged in social activities. Bazarov is characterized by a materialistic outlook and serious studies of the natural sciences. The business spirit of the nihilist is to the liking of the author, who, however, does not forget that Bazarov formulated his main goal very clearly: to break everything old, “clear a place” (X).

Such "destructive" moods, of course, do not like Turgenev, but, being an honest writer, he shows that during the holidays in Maryino the nihilist continues to work persistently, cuts frogs, heals little Mitya. And Pavel Petrovich, in the same Maryino, pays great attention to his appearance, manners, but at the same time does not interfere in the management of the estate, leaving this prosaic concern to his brother, he consoles his broken heart, looking for features of similarity with Princess R. Bazarov in Fenichka's face. reasonably asks the elder Kirsanov his caustic question: “Excuse me, Pavel Petrovich, you respect yourself and sit with folded arms; what is the use of this for the bien public? " (X).

Turgenev portrayed Bazarov as a man with a strong character, which manifested itself, for example, in the hero's love story for Odintsova. Although the nihilist at the beginning of the novel confidently declares that there is no love, but there is a physiological attraction of the sexes, he quite romantically falls in love and is rejected by the “lady of his heart”. Thus, the story of Bazarov and Odintsova essentially repeats the story of Pavel Petrovich and Princess R. However, unhappy love “breaks” Kirsanov (“an extra person”): he loses interest in life, leaves for the village, where he completely surrenders to his sad memories and experiences. To Bazarov (the “new man”), unhappy love inflicts a severe mental wound, but cannot break him: he deliberately seeks distraction in his work, helps his father to heal the peasants, and so on.

With these serious differences, the two antipode heroes are somewhat similar, for example, both know and understand poorly the life problems of men, although both are convinced of the opposite. Aristocrat Pavel Petrovich “always stands up for the peasants; true, speaking with them, he frowns and smells the cologne "(VII); the democrat Bazarov "did not even suspect that in the eyes of the peasants he was after all something like a pea jester" (XXVII). Turgenev cites a conversation between a young nihilist and a man who cannot answer the master's abstruse questions: the interlocutors do not understand each other at all. Having heard the absurdity that the earth stands on three fish, and the rural world lovingly obeys the strict master, Bazarov “shrugged his shoulders contemptuously and turned away, and the peasant wandered off, arguing that the master was“ chatting something; I felt like scratching my tongue. It is known sir; does he understand what? " (XXVII).

Summing up, it should be said that Turgenev made an attempt to truthfully describe the new hero of Russian public life at a time when the ideological and psychological "portrait" of the revolutionary democrats had not yet fully taken shape. And yet, as history has shown, many aspects of Bazarov's character were so correctly noted by the writer that they were repeated in the characters of real Russian revolutionary democrats (Dobrolyubov, Pisarev and others).

Depicting the "new man", Turgenev contrasted him with the hero of the previous era - "an extra man." The author showed that Bazarov has a stronger character than Pavel Petrovich: hard work, dedication, will, striving for action for the common good, breadth of life views and tasks distinguish the young nihilist favorably from the refined gentleman, selfish, immersed in personal experiences, submitting to external circumstances ...

At the same time, the writer is frightened by the too radical convictions of the “new people”, their contempt for universal values ​​(kinship, love), disregard for the cultural and scientific traditions developed by the “fathers and grandfathers”. A complex attitude towards the "new man" allowed Turgenev to create a multifaceted, interesting image of the protagonist.

Work on the main novel, Fathers and Sons, was completed by Turgenev in July 1861. By this time, a bitter event had taken place in his creative life - a break with Sovremennik, due to the disagreement of the writer with the article "When Will the Present Day Come?" N. A. Dobrolyubova on the novel "On the Eve".

The time has come for the 60s. Turgenev saw that much was changing in the alignment of social forces in Russian society, observed the reflection of this process in the editorial life of the journal, with which he was associated for many years, the development of which he contributed and where the star of his own literary fame rose.

He understood that the liberal nobles had been replaced by a younger generation of revolutionary democrats, including Dobrolyubov, who had appeared in Sovremennik together with Chernyshevsky in the late 1950s. And although the article itself contained a flattering review of the novel, Turgenev could not agree with its revolutionary conclusions. Dobrolyubov wrote that Russia also has its own enslavers, but not external (like the native country of the hero of the novel), but internal. And therefore she needs the "Russian Insarovs" to fight the "internal Turks". “When will they finally appear? When will the real day come? " - the meaning of the article was reduced to such questions.

Turgenev strongly disagreed with this interpretation of his novel. In addition, being a supporter of not a social revolution, but of reforms, he could not share the radical sentiments of the young critic. And therefore Turgenev asks Nekrasov "not to publish this article." He hesitates. Seeing this, Turgenev declares: "Choose: me or Dobrolyubov." Nekrasov takes the side of a person who is ideologically close to himself - Dobrolyubov and thereby predetermines Turgenev's departure from the magazine.

“The connection of times has broken up ...” - Even Turgenev, who assumed an indifferent attitude to his novel, did not count on the simmering passions around Fathers and Children. But most of all, he was discouraged by the striving for a one-sided interpretation of the essence of the conflict and the character of the protagonist of the novel, which was indicated in printed publications.

Russia at the end of the 1950s lived on the eve of a huge social event - the abolition of serfdom, which for the country was to become a turning point in all spheres of public life, including the breakdown of the worldview of advanced social strata.

As expected, the time "split up", separating the liberal nobles and the "new" people of Russia on opposite sides of the historical barrier - common democrats, fathers and children.

This has happened more than once in Russian history. Russian literature also knew the problem of fathers and children. Let us recall the moral split in the Russian nobility of the 20s of the XIX century, depicted by Griboyedov, or the noble spiritual opposition of the 30s - the central problem in The Hero of Our Time.

However, as for the novel by Turgenev, it was not only about the dispute of generations, but also about the breaking of the connection between times, so obvious to the writer. Therefore, the conflict in Fathers and Children was frankly dramatic.

"Fathers and Children". "Retired people" - and "heirs". In the novel, people found themselves face to face in the 40s and 60s of the 19th century. It was precisely this belonging to the time that was the source of the conflict between Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Yevgeny Bazarov.

The 1840s were sometimes liberal nobles. Then the concept of "liberal", according to Turgenev, meant "protest against everything dark and oppressive, meant respect for science and education, love for poetry and art, and, finally, above all love for the people, who, while still under the yoke of serfdom, needed the active help of his happy sons. " Liberal-minded people, full of faith in progress, humanity, civilization, were often called idealists, romantics. In general, an atmosphere of high spirituality in Russian society is associated with the 40s. This is the time of Belinsky, Stankevich, Turgenev, the Kirsanov brothers.

Like Turgenev, Nikolai Petrovich graduated from St. Petersburg University and "came out ... as a candidate." He, like Turgenev, could have ended up in Paris, if not for 1848, which, as you know, the writer witnessed. Like Turgenev, he loves Pushkin, music. In a word, these are people of the same blood. And Pavel Petrovich for the author is not only the embodiment of comme il faut and the personification of the guards-noble ideal, but a person who is capable of sacrificing his great ambition and all important career considerations as a sacrifice to all-consuming love-passion and, together with the loss of his beloved woman, lose all meaning of existence.

Behind the heroes-nobles in Turgenev's novel is a historically formed cultural tradition, which conditioned a very specific type of spirituality with its norms and values ​​- what we call noble aristocracy.

In the 60s, a new social group appeared on the cultural scene - the various intelligentsia.

The main "target" for the young, energetic generation of commoners was the aristocratic nobility. They refused to see aristocracy as the highest form of the culture of that time. Linking the noble aristocracy with the social consequences of the serf system - poverty and lack of rights of the people, lack of public human rights, the commoners categorically did not accept everything that was inherent in him, up to the aristocratic manner of dress and behavior in society. That is why Turgenev's Bazarov is so disgusted with the well-groomed nails, neatly shaved chin and "stone" collars of Pavel Petrovich.

As an ideological challenge to aristocracy, young people of different ranks cultivated negligence and even untidiness in their clothes. Therefore, a long robe with tassels, red hands, cheap tobacco, and Bazarov's swaggering behavior are quite significant, ideologically significant signs in the portrait of the sixties.

Turgenev from the first pages of the novel seeks to show the mutual rejection of the old and new generations. So, Bazarov is in no hurry to greet Father Arkady: "not right away" he gave him his hand. Pavel Petrovich, on the other hand, when meeting with the guest, did not give his hand at all and even put it back in his pocket. And by the way, Bazarov noticed this.

Both sides are emphatically impolite in their assessments of each other. "This hairy one?" - this is the first review of Pavel Kirsanov about Bazarov. Bazarov also does not skimp on the characteristics, calling Uncle Arkady "an archaic phenomenon", and Nikolai Petrovich "a retired person."

Frank disdain sounds in the question of Pavel Petrovich, addressed to his nephew: "Well, and Mr. Bazarov himself, actually, what is it?" - as if we are talking about an inanimate object, as well as to Bazarov regarding frogs: "Do you eat them or breed them?" Bazarov's behavior is also underlined, when he, yawning, lazily answers Pavel Petrovich.

Turgenev, despite the fact that he was accused of a biased attitude towards the heroes, tried to rise above the impending "battle". He is equally ironic in describing Pavel Kirsanov's village panache, all his fez, "colorful" morning shirts, dark English suites, Chinese red shoes, patent leather ankle boots, fragrant mustache and in the portrait description of "Mr. Nihilist", with a bag of frogs, in a hat, wrapped around a tenacious marsh plant striding through the flower beds.

In Turgenev's novel, the aristocratic arrogance of Kirsanov ("the medicinal son", but "not shy") and the morbid vanity of a commoner ("Rubbish, aristocratic") are self-evident. In a word, Turgenev was ready to talk about the main conflict of his time without prejudice.

To complete the task, select only ONE of the four proposed essay topics (17.1-17.4). Write an essay on this topic in the volume of at least 200 words (if the volume is less than 150 words, the essay is evaluated 0 points).

Expand the topic of the essay fully and multidimensionally.

Argument your theses by analyzing the elements of the text of the work (in an essay on lyrics, at least three poems must be analyzed).

Identify the role of artistic means that is important for the disclosure of the topic of the essay.

Think over the composition of the essay.

Avoid factual, logical, speech errors.

Write your essay clearly and legibly, observing the norms of written speech.

Explanation.

To complete the task of part 3, select only ONE of the proposed essay topics (17.1-17.4).

In the M2 answer form, indicate the number of the topic you have chosen, and then write an essay on this topic in the volume of at least 200 words (if the volume of the essay is less than 150 words, then it is estimated at 0 points).

Rely on the author's position and formulate your point of view. Argument your theses based on literary works (in an essay on lyrics, at least three poems must be analyzed).

Use literary-theoretical concepts to analyze the work.

Think over the composition of the essay.

Write your essay clearly and legibly, observing the norms of speech.

Commentary on the themes of the essays

S17.1. What is the originality of the conflict between Chatsky and Famus society? (Based on the comedy by A. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit".)

The images created by Griboyedov are bright and ambiguous, uncharacteristic for classic comedy; the play's conflict is also unconventional. Violent disputes flare up between Chatsky and Famusov about the acceptability of various methods for obtaining promotions and awards, the importance of public opinion, and education. This conflict is social; on the one hand - Chatsky and some non-stage characters (Skalozub's brother, Prince Fyodor, nephew of Tugoukhovskaya), on the other - the Moscow noble society headed by Famusov. This is not a confrontation between two people, but two worldviews, social positions; Chatsky and Famusov are only their most prominent representatives. From a historical point of view, this version of social conflict is insoluble: the confrontation between the old and the new cannot be resolved peacefully. However, in the comedy, the relationship of specific characters, Chatsky and Famus society, is fully clarified: they deeply despise each other, do not want to have anything in common; the conflict in the literary sense is solvable, in the universal human - not.

S17.2. What features of the "new man" in the image of Bazarov does IS Turgenev accept and which denies? (Based on the novel Fathers and Sons.)

“I dreamed of a gloomy, wild, large figure, half grown out of the soil, strong, vicious, honest - and yet doomed to perish, because she still stands on the threshold of the future,” Turgenev wrote about his hero. The writer himself has not decided on his attitude to Bazarov. On the one hand, he justifies and appreciates Bazarov at his true worth, quite sincerely admiring his intelligence, firmness, ability to defend his ideals and achieve what he wants; endows this image with features that it does not possess. But, on the other hand, the reader feels (there is no direct indication of this in the text, but it slips by itself, against the will of the author) that Bazarov is alien to the author, incomprehensible - the denial of art, nature, love is unacceptable for Turgenev. Turgenev sincerely wants to force himself to fall in love with his hero, "catch fire" with his idea, but to no avail. The author and his protagonist remain on opposite sides. That is why the image of the new man, Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov, turned out to be complex, contradictory, and, of course, very interesting.

S17.3. Why in poetry about Russia A. A. Blok refers to the historical past of the Motherland?

According to Blok himself, the theme of Russia is the main one in his poetry. Blok turned to this topic at the very beginning of his career and remained faithful to it until the end of his life. The poem "Gamayun, the Prophetic Bird" was the first work of the young Blok dedicated to the fate of Russia. Already in it the theme of the historical path of the homeland, its tragic history rises. Bird Gamayun

Broadcasts and sings

Unable to raise the confused wings ...

The cycle "On the Kulikovo Field" is entirely devoted to Russia. In the first poem of this cycle, the theme of the path arises, revealing itself in two planes: spatial and temporal. The timeline is an image of the historical path of Russia:

The holy banner will flash in the steppe smoke

And the khan's saber steel ...

And an eternal battle! We only dream about peace

Through blood and dust ...

It is the combination of the temporal plane with the spatial one that gives the poem a special dynamism. Russia will never freeze in deathly immobility; it will always be accompanied by changes.

The expectation of change is also permeated with the poem "Born in the Deaf Years ...", dedicated to Z. N. Gippius. The bloc realizes the doom of its generation, the generation of children of the “terrible years of Russia,” and calls for renewal.

S17.4. Images of the two capitals in Russian literature.

Russia has changed its capital more than once during its centuries-old history. Peter the Great, barely having time to found a new city - Petersburg - moved the capital there. Since then, the confrontation between St. Petersburg and Moscow began, claiming the title of the main city of the country. This struggle could not but be reflected in the works of writers who feel the spirit of the times. In addition, both cities are distinctive and not alike: Moscow is always boiling, life-loving, active; Petersburg is gloomy, proud, keeping traditions. Even having lost its official status, it remains the "cultural capital".

Alexander Pushkin admires the proud Moscow, which did not surrender to Napoleon: "Moscow ... how much in this sound has merged for the Russian heart!" But Petersburg is more dear to the poet:

I love you, Peter's creation,

I love your strict, slender look,

The sovereign current of the Neva,

Its coastal granite ...

Such poems could be written only by a person who truly loves Petersburg. For Pushkin, this city is the embodiment of the Peter's spirit.

We find a whole cycle of "Petersburg Tales" in Gogol. But the greatness of Petersburg fades into the background here, since Gogol writes not at all a guide to the city, but satirical works. Indifference, bureaucracy, depersonalization of a person - this is what worries the writer in the first place. Therefore, the image of the capital is bifurcated.

It is impossible not to recall the "Moscow tavern", sung by Sergei Yesenin. The nightlife is in full swing here, everything is in smoke, everything is in a drunken stupor. In this Moscow revelry, drunkenness reign, there is nothing sacred. The poet wants to escape from the stuffy atmosphere of taverns, see at least a piece of the clear sky, breathe in fresh air. But there is no way out, and this hopelessness, oppression affects the reader as well. How far is this Moscow from Pushkin's!

In Russian literature, as in life, there is no single answer: which city is better? Moscow and Petersburg are dear to the Russian heart, each in its own way.

Guest

You didn't go to school and your name is Mowgli?

What was the name of the titan who stole fire from Olympus and gave it to people?

The Titan who stole fire from Olympus was called Prometheus. He took pity on the people and gave them fire, for which he himself was punished by Zeus. Prometheus was chained to a rock. Every day an eagle flew to him and pecked out his liver. During the day, it was overgrown. The next day, everything was repeated from the beginning. Zeus betrayed his “companion” to such torment because he taught people to use fire. Prometheus was freed by Hercules, he killed the eagle that flew to the titan and cut the chains of Prometheus.

Like Prometheus carrying fire to humanity, the sculpture depicts a young, half-naked and mighty titan

Somewhere near Leninsky Prospekt?THIRD IS NOT EXTRA 1

What features of young contemporaries did Turgenev try to capture in the image of Bazarov?

Since Bazarov was a nihilist, he had a negative attitude towards traditional foundations and art, a skeptical attitude towards love and towards parents, but he was also frank and open, capable of mercy.

What empire that ever existed on earth was the largest and most powerful for its time?

The British Empire was the largest in the history of mankind with colonies on all continents (42.7 million km2). In second place is the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan. It is the largest continental unitary state in the history of mankind. It was founded by Genghis Khan in 1206 and included the largest territory in world history: from the Danube to the Sea of ​​Japan and from Novgorod to Cambodia.

Lesson number 1.
ROMAN I. S. TURGENEVA "FATHERS AND CHILDREN".
HISTORY OF CREATION.
CHARACTERISTIC OF THE EPOCH OF THE 60S OF THE XIX CENTURY

Goals: remind students of the position of the writer in the literary and social struggle during the period of work on the novel; to emphasize the peculiarities of Turgenev's talent to "capture" the present, to respond to everything new that has just emerged in Russian life; tell about the history of the novel, find out the meaning of the title, exchange initial impressions of the work read; on the material of the novel "Fathers and Sons" to characterize the era of the 60s of the XIX century.

Lesson progress

1. What is the significance of the Sovremennik magazine for I. S. Turgenev?

2. What is the reason for the gap between the writer and Sovremennik and N. A. Nekrasov?

3. Tell us about Russian social life in the 1860s.

(In the 60s of the XIX century, a new era of Russian life began. The warring forces of society were defined: conservatives defending the old order, liberals advocating gradual changes in the socio-political life of Russia (Turgenev himself is a supporter of gradual reformist transformations in the country), and democrats determined to immediately destroy the old and establish a new order (Turgenev's hero, Bazarov, belongs to these forces.)

I. S. Turgenev witnessed the triumph of the revolutionary democrats over the liberals. He admired the courage of the Russian revolutionaries, but didn't believe in the perspectives of their activities, therefore, he was especially acutely aware of the shortcomings and extremes of the revolutionary movement of the sixties, who received the name “nihilism” in the novel “Fathers and Sons”. Nihilists, according to the modern literary critic NI Prutsky, were really "ready to deny the beautiful, art, aesthetics ... Nihilists called themselves" terrible realists ", supporters of merciless analysis, fans of exact sciences, experiment."

The novel "Fathers and Sons" is a topical novel that largely explains the life of Russian society. Turgenev “captured and developed” in the novel the main conflict of the crisis era - the uncompromising struggle of the liberals with the revolutionary democrats. In the book, Turgenev reflects on the change of generations, on the eternal struggle between the old and the new, on the careful attitude towards cultural heritage. These eternal problems have found a capacious formulation in the title of the novel "Fathers and Sons" - this is "universal coverage of reality" in its entirety: from the past through the present to the future.)

II. Implementation of an individual task.

Student message.

history of writing a novel

Fathers and Sons was created in a troubled era. The novel was conceived in 1860 in England, during Turgenev's summer vacation. The writer continued to work on the novel in Paris. But, judging by the letters to friends, the case was progressing slowly. In May 1861, Turgenev came to Russia, to Spasskoye-Lutovinovo. Under the influence of immediate impressions, the work went well.

Fathers and Sons was completed by August 1861.

During the period of work on the book, Turgenev was disappointed. Breaks with people he valued followed one after another.

After the novel "On the Eve" and N. Dobrolyubov's article "When Will the Present Day Come?" Turgenev broke with Sovremennik, with whom he had many ties; he was its collaborator for fifteen years.

Then a conflict arose with I.A.Goncharov, which led to a break in relations, after which (in the summer of 1861) there was a quarrel with L.N. Tolstoy, which almost ended in a duel.

Turgenev's faith in the power of friendly feelings collapsed.

The novel "Fathers and Children" was published in the magazine "Russian Bulletin" in February 1862, dedicated to VG Belinsky, directed "against the nobility as an advanced class."

I. S. Turgenev: “At the base of the main figure, Bazarov, lay one personality that struck me as a young provincial doctor (he died shortly before 1860). In this wonderful person ... that barely born, still fermenting beginning, which later received the name of nihilism, was embodied. The impression made on me by this person was very strong and at the same time not entirely clear: I ... listened intently and looked closely at everything that surrounded me ... what seemed to me everywhere ... "

About prototypes Turgenev wrote: “Nikolai Petrovich [Kirsanov] is me, Ogarev and thousands of others; Pavel Petrovich [Kirsanov] - Stolypin, Esakov, Rosset, are also our contemporaries. "

In the character of Nikolai Petrovich, Turgenev captured a lot of autobiographical, the writer's attitude to this hero is sympathetic.

Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov had prototypes: Aleksey Arkadievich Stolypin, officer, friend and relative of M. Yu. Lermontov; brothers Alexander, Arkady and Klimenty Rosset, guards officers, close friends of Pushkin.

III. Analysis of the content of the novel "Fathers and Sons".

Questions and tasks:

1. When do events take place? Read the beginning of the novel.

2. Who is coming with Arkady?(Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov is awaiting the arrival of his son, but Arkady arrives with Bazarov, a commoner democrat, a hero of a new era.)

3. Analysis of the landscape (described in the 3rd chapter of the novel), presented to the eyes of Arkady and Bazarov on the way to Maryino.

Reading from the words: "The places they passed through could not be called picturesque ..."

4. What is the position of the peasants? What are the details of the landscape that speak of this?

5. Why, in your opinion, does Turgenev avoid bright epithets depicting the life of nature?(Before us is the social function of the landscape. The author selects in nature only that which is directly or indirectly connected with the living conditions of the peasants. Poverty, poverty in everything. Ponds with "thin dams", "villages with low huts", ruined cemeteries: living crushed by poverty they forgot about the dead ... "Arkady's heart was gradually squeezing.")

6. Analysis of the second part of the landscape (3rd chapter). Reading from the words: "And while he was thinking, spring took its toll ..." What feelings arise after reading?(The writer is full of optimism. The landscape is beautiful! The life of nature is captivating. There is not a single detail that darkens the mood!)

7. Using the material from the novel, tell us about the relationship between peasants and landowners.("The forest ... only I sold it", "... the land goes to the peasants ...", "... the rent is not paid ...", "he dissociated himself from the peasants ..." workers, cut down the forest, which should go to the peasants, does everything to protect their interests. The peasants resist in their own way - they refuse to perform the lordly duties.)

8. Who will carry out the necessary transformations?(Of course, new people of the new era, such as Bazarov, are a commoner in origin and convictions.)

Homework.

1. Reading a novel (chapters 11-15).

2. Make a description of NP Kirsanov.

3. Analysis of E. Bazarov's behavior at a party. His relationship with Arkady and P. P. Kirsanov.

Lesson number 2.
E. BAZAROV AMONG THE KIRSANOVS. IDEOLOGICAL
AND SOCIAL DIFFERENCES OF HEROES

Goals: work on the content of the novel, analysis of chapters II, IV, X; to draw the attention of students to the origin of E. Bazarov, his behavior at a party, attitude towards the Kirsanov brothers; based on the text, highlight the main lines of the dispute between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, determine the "winner" in these disputes.

Lesson progress

I. Interviewing students.

Questions:

1. Tell us about the history of the creation of the novel "Fathers and Sons". To whom did Turgenev dedicate his work?

2. Do the heroes of the novel have prototypes? Who are they?

3. What social conflict lies at the heart of the novel "Fathers and Sons"?

4. What is the position of the writer in the dispute between liberal nobles and common democrats?

5. What is the essence of the main conflict of the novel? How is this reflected in the work?

6. How do you understand the meaning of the title of the novel?

7. Tell us about the era of the 60s of the XIX century (based on the material of the novel).

II. Analysis of the content of chapter II of the novel. Evgeny Bazarov's meeting with Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov(face reading).

Questions:

1. How is Evgeny Bazarov dressed? What does "hoodie with tassels" mean?(Hoodie - loose clothing... The appearance of Bazarov in such a robe among the Kirsanovs is a challenge to aristocratic conventions.)

2. Bazarov's appearance. What did Nikolai Petrovich pay attention to?(Bazarov's "Naked Red Hand" is the hand of a man accustomed to physical labor.)

3. How did Bazarov introduce himself?("Evgeny Vasiliev" is a common folk form. This is how the peasants presented themselves.)

4. Why, when meeting with Nikolai Petrovich, Bazarov did not immediately give him his hand?(What if his hand hangs in the air? After all, the aristocrat Nikolai Petrovich might not have shaken his hand.)

III. Analysis of the content of chapter IV of the novel. Arrival of Bazarov to Maryino.

Questions:

1. What impression does the Maryino estate make?

2. How does Bazarov behave? Nikolai Petrovich?(Nikolai Petrovich tries not to notice the cheeky manners of the guest.)

3. Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. His looks, manners.(Appearance is striking in sophistication.)Turgenev sympathizes with the hero or sneers at him?

4. What assessment did Bazarov give to the Kirsanov brothers?

5. What did Evgeny Bazarov do in Maryino? Arkady?(“Arkady sybaritized, Bazarov worked.” The life of the nobles passes in idleness, and the content of Bazarov's life is work, even while visiting he continues his natural science studies.)

6. What is the attitude of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov to Bazarov?("Pavel Petrovich, with all the strength of his soul, hated Bazarov: he considered him arrogant, impudent, cynical, plebeian.")

7. How do ordinary people relate to Bazarov?

8. Bazarov is a "nihilist". How does Arkady explain the meaning of this word? What is the essence of Bazarov's nihilism?(Treat everything from a critical point of view, not taking anything for granted. Nihilism is a special worldview, which is based on the denial of social norms, rules, principles.)

Bazarov and Kirsanovs Nikolai Petrovich and Pavel Petrovich are different people. Bazarov is a "nihilist" and a democrat, a man who has gone through the harsh school of labor and hardship. The Kirsanovs are people of the “old age”. There can be no reconciliation and unity between them. A collision is inevitable.

(The chapter is dominated by dialogue. Turgenev is a master of dialogues.)

Plan:

1. Expressive reading of dialogues of characters in faces.

2. Trace what the characters say and how they speak. (How do you understand the word "principle" and why the heroes argue so violently about principles? Explain the point of view of the disputants. What is behind the principles: the demands of life or tradition? Is P. Kirsanov right when he reproaches the youth for lack of principle? How do the heroes relate to the existing system? Can Bazarov be considered a revolutionary? What is the weak side of Bazarov's political views? Do the disputants persuade each other?)

3. Views on nature and art. Revealing the author's position. Does Turgenev join Bazarov's statement that nature is not a temple, but a workshop? Does he completely deny Bazarov's credo? With what description of nature does the author end the novel and why?

The fight between Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov takes place over evening tea. The heroes argue about the Russian people, about the principles and activities of nihilists, about art and nature, about the nobility and aristocracy. Each of Bazarov's remarks is directed against any generally accepted principle. (P. Kirsanov talks about the need to follow the authorities, to believe in them. E. Bazarov denies the rationality of both. Pavel Petrovich argues that one cannot live without principles, Bazarov answers: “Aristocracy, liberalism, progress, principles, just think how many foreign and ... useless words! "Pavel Petrovich is touched by the backwardness of the Russian people and reproaches Bazarov for contempt for the people, the nihilist parries the reproach:" Well, if he deserves contempt! " talks about Schiller and Goethe, Bazarov exclaims: "A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet!" During this period of rapid development of science and technical thought, an underestimation of art was often observed among a part of society, and such extremes were characteristic of Bazarov. ov only recognized what was useful to his cause. The criterion of benefit is the starting position from which the hero approached various phenomena of life and art.)

In the duels between E. Bazarov and P. Kirsanov, the truth was not born. The participants in the dispute were motivated not by the desire for it, but by mutual intolerance. Both heroes were not entirely fair to each other.

Homework.

2. Answer the questions:

1) The attitude of the heroes to love, to women in general.

2) E. Bazarov and Anna Sergeevna Odintsova.

3) The love story of P.P. Kirsanov for Princess R.

4) Are Arkady and Katya happy?

Lesson number 3 FRIENDSHIP AND LOVE IN THE LIFE OF HEROES
(AFTER THE NOVEL OF I. S. TURGENEV "FATHERS AND CHILDREN")

Goals: analyze the relationship between Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov, try to understand the inevitability of the gap between the heroes, "catch" the social conditionality of the gap; find out what place love occupies in the life of the heroes of the novel, whether they are capable of strong feelings, whether they will withstand the tests of love; show the deep inner differences between Bazarov and Odintsova, with some similarity of their natures; to reveal (in the clash between Bazarov and Odintsova) Bazarov's superiority over the nobles in the sphere of feelings.

During the classes

I. Conversation with students on the topic "The relationship between Evgeny Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov."

Questions:

1. Reading and analyzing the text from the words: “... We say goodbye forever ... you were not created for our bitter, tart, booble life. You have neither insolence nor anger, but there is young courage ... "

2. How does Bazarov characterize the life of revolutionaries in these words?

3. Why did Arkady join the nihilists?("Young courage and young enthusiasm," while Bazarov pushes "insolence" and "anger" into the struggle.)

4. Does A. Kirsanov at first share Bazarov's views sincerely?

5. Why, despite the desire, Arkady cannot become "strong, energetic"?

6. Why did the friends split up? Does Bazarov have followers?(Educated and wealthy liberal nobles strive for comfort (moral and physical). They want to feel that they are progressive people. But when they have to act, narcissism and selfishness make them incapable of consistent struggle (“... you involuntarily admire yourself, you enjoy yourself scolding ... "- says Bazarov to Arkady.) Arkady is a temporary companion of Bazarov. Arkady Kirsanov is not used to difficulties in the fight against which character is developed, Bazarov's ideas were not deeply felt by him.)

7. What is the role of Kukshina and Sitnikov in disclosing the ideas of nihilism?

II. Dispute or conversation with students on the topic "Love in the lives of heroes."

For Turgenev, a person's ability to love is the criterion of his viability. The writer must pass his heroes through this test.

Sample questions for discussion:

2. How do you assess the love story of Pavel Petrovich?(In the memory of Pavel Petrovich, Princess R. was imprinted as “an incomprehensible, almost meaningless ... image.” Turgenev emphasizes her “small mind,” hysterical behavior. Pavel Petrovich collapsed in love. He was “tormented and jealous, did not give her peace, follow her everywhere ... "Where did his self-respect and pride go?)

3. One of the problems of the novel is the conflict between Bazarov and the world of the nobility. The relationship of the hero with Madame Odintsova is just a ramification of this conflict. What are Bazarov's views on love and women in general?(Bazarov has a cynical consumerist view of a woman. Before meeting with Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, Bazarov did not love anyone, so he had a wrong idea of ​​this feeling.)

4. What attracted Evgeny Bazarov to Odintsovaya? How does he behave?(Anna Sergeevna charmed Bazarov with her beauty, feminine charm, ability to behave with dignity. But true love arose when Bazarov saw in Odintsova an intelligent interlocutor and a person who could understand him. Bazarov needs spiritual communication! Evgeny Bazarov's feelings are deep.)

5. What is the purpose of Madame Odintsova's life? What is her attitude towards Bazarov?(The purpose of Anna Sergeevna's life is material security, comfort and tranquility. Odintsova does not respond to Bazarov's love. She just wanted to see at her feet an interesting, intelligent person, unlike others. Politically, Bazarov was a person who did not believe in those foundations of life By his social position, Bazarov is a poor man, a future healer, at best a scientist. By nature, Turgenev's hero is harsh and straightforward. Bazarov's love for Odintsova is an event that shocks the foundations of his beliefs, which casts doubt on his philosophical system.)

6. Could the fate of Bazarov and Odintsova have developed happily? Could Anna Sergeevna change, go with Bazarov into his "bitter, tart, booby" life?(She would never have followed him, even if she fell in love.)

Conclusions. Bazarov is capable of love, of great and deep feeling. According to MM Zhdanov, comparing Bazarov with Odintsova and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov allows us to see the inner unity of the work, the connection between the love intrigue and the main conflict of the novel, and proves the "triumph of democracy over aristocracy" in the field of feelings.

Bazarov loves Odintsova and at the same time despises himself for the fact that he cannot cope with feelings. The loneliness of the hero is growing. Trying to fight his love for Anna Sergeevna, he plunges into work, but this does not save him either. The complex interweaving of conflicting feelings can no longer be untangled or cut.

7. Is Dostoevsky right when he saw in Bazarov "a sign of a great heart"?

8. Are Arkady and Katya happy?(Their feelings are natural and therefore beautiful.)

9. How should one understand Turgenev's words about love in the epilogue of the novel?

Homework.

2. Answer the questions:

1) Bazarov's attitude to his parents.

2) Analyze the scene of Bazarov's illness and death. What qualities of the hero manifested themselves in the last hours of his life?

3) Reflect on the fate of Bazarov, if he remained alive. Why didn't the novel end with the hero's death?

Lesson No. 4. ARTISTIC POWER OF THE LATER SCENES OF THE NOVEL
I. S. TURGENEVA "FATHERS AND CHILDREN" (CHAPTER 27 AND EPILOGUE)

Goals: show the emotional impact of the last chapters of the novel; to help students imagine the hopeless situation in which Bazarov found himself, whether the hero's illness and his death were accidental, what is the attitude of Turgenev to his hero; reveal the positive qualities of Bazarov, manifested with special force in the last hours of his life (courage, willpower, loyalty to one's convictions, love for life, a woman, parents, a mysterious homeland).

During the classes

I. Individual messages from students on the topic "Bazarov and parents" or conversation on the following issues:

1. Parents of E. Bazarov. Who are they?(The old men Bazarovs are simple people who live out their days in a small house under a thatched roof. They idolize and are proud of their son. Vasily Ivanovich Bazarov is a tall “thin man with disheveled hair.” He is a commoner, the son of a deacon who has become a doctor. Awarded with the plague epidemic. She is trying to keep up with the times, to get closer to the younger generation. Arina Vlasyevna is a “round old woman” with “chubby hands." She is sensitive and pious, believes in omens. ", Which should have lived" for two hundred years. "The arrival of dear" Enyushi "excited, filled her whole being with love and care.)

2. What role did parents play in raising their son? How do they view his activities now?(They helped Eugene as much as they could, they felt his singularity.)

3. How does Bazarov feel about his parents?(Bazarov understands that it is impossible to “remake” the parents. He loves them as they are (although the difference in views is obvious). Bazarov opposes the parents to the high light: “... You cannot find people like them in your big light in the daytime with fire "- he says to Odintsova. But nevertheless, in communication with his mother and father, the son is" angular and helpless ": neither to caress, nor to calm him down. He is often silent and does everything possible to hide away, to suppress the feeling of filial love. love, both filial and parental, according to Bazarov's concepts, is a "fake" feeling.

II. Expressive reading of an excerpt about the death of Bazarov(with small reductions).

III. Conversation with students about:

1. What thoughts and feelings does Bazarov evoke in the scene of death?(Admiration for strength of character, mental fortitude, courage, the ability to stick to the end.)

2. Establish the cause of illness and death of the hero.(It seems that infection during an autopsy is an accident, in fact it is not so. At work, in the pursuit of knowledge of the still unknown Bazarov, death overtakes.)

3.D.I. Pisarev: “The whole interest, the whole meaning of the novel lies in the death of Bazarov ... Description of the death of Bazarov isbest place in the novelTurgenev; I even doubt that there is anything remarkable in all the works of our artist. "

A.P. Chekhov: “What a luxury - Fathers and Sons! Just shout the guard at least. Bazarov's illness was so severe that I was weakened, and it felt as if I had contracted it from him. And the end of Bazarov? .. The devil knows how it was done. Simply brilliant. "

Do you agree with such statements of Chekhov and Pisarev?

4. What is the attitude of Turgenev to his hero?

I. S. Turgenev: “I dreamed of a gloomy, wild, large figure, half grown out of the soil, strong, vicious, honest - and yet doomed to perish - because it still stands on the threshold of the future.”

The attitude of the writer to Bazarov was not entirely clear: Bazarov was his "enemy", to whom he felt"Involuntary attraction"... The writer did not believe that the people of Bazarov's warehouse "will find a way to renew Russia."(D. K. Motolskaya).

I. S. Turgenev: “If the reader does not love Bazarov with all his rudeness, heartlessness, ruthless dryness and harshness, if he does not love him ... it's my fault and did not reach his goal. " In these words, in my opinion, the love of the writer for his hero.

5. Tell us how Bazarov's loneliness gradually grows in a collision with the people around him.(According to M.M. Zhdanov, Turgenev, depicting Bazarov's superiority over others, psychologically very subtly and convincingly shows his loneliness. by their nature, they are not capable of big things, the old people of the Bazarovs and their son are people of different generations, and the difference in their development is great, with ordinary people - alienation.

6.D. I. Pisarev considers Bazarov's death heroic, akin to a feat. He writes: "To die as Bazarov died is the same as to accomplish a great feat." "... But to look death in the eye, to anticipate its approach, not trying to deceive it, to remain true to oneself until the last minute, not to weaken and not to be cowardly - this is a matter of a strong character." Is Pisarev right in assessing Bazarov's death as a feat?

7. How could his fate be?

8. What qualities of Bazarov manifested themselves with particular force in the last hours of his life? For what purpose did he ask his parents to send for Madame Odintsova?(Probably, we can say that Bazarov is dying of loneliness. Being in a state of deep mental crisis, he admits negligence when opening a corpse and does not take nothing to reduce the possibility of infection. The courage with which Turgenev's hero meets his death testifies to the true originality of his nature. Everything superficial, external disappears in Bazarov, and a person with a loving and even poetic soul is revealed to us. Odintsova Bazarov admired, with a feeling of love he already not considers it necessary to fight.

In the image of Bazarov, Turgenev typifies such wonderful qualities of new people as will, courage, depth of feelings, readiness for action, thirst for life, tenderness.)

9. Why does the novel not end with the death of the hero?

10. Does bazarovism exist today?(In the epilogue, I. S. Turgenev writes: “No matter how passionate, sinful, rebellious heart is hidden in the grave, the flowers growing on it, serenely look at us with their innocent eyes; the tranquility of "indifferent" nature; they also speak of eternal reconciliation and endless life ... "

Excited voice of the author! Turgenev talks about the eternal laws of being, which do not depend on man. The writer convinces us that going against these laws is insane. In the novel, what is natural wins: Arkady returns to his parental home, families are created ... And the rebellious, tough, prickly Bazarov, even after his death, is still remembered and loved by aging parents.)

Homework.

2. After reading the article, answer the questions:

1) What are the fundamental properties of the Bazarov type?

2) What, according to Pisarev, is the author's attitude to the Bazarov type in general and to the death of the hero in particular?

3) What, from the point of view of Pisarev, governs Bazarov's behavior?

4) How does Bazarov compare with the heroes of the previous era?

3. Written answer (individual assignment): What is the interest of the novel by IS Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" and its hero to today's reader?

4. Write down interesting statements about the novel by literary critics NN Strakhov, V. Yu. Troitsky. Which of them, in your opinion, are closer to Turgenev's point of view on his hero? Which ones should you argue with?

Lesson number 5.
DISPUTES AROUND THE NOVEL OF IS TURGENEV "FATHERS AND CHILDREN".
CONTEMPORARIES ABOUT FATHERS AND CHILDREN

Goals: to acquaint Russian critics with assessments of Turgenev's novel; consider the main provisions of the article by DI Pisarev "Bazarov"; find out what the novel is of interest to today's reader, what is outdated in the work and what is modern; define your attitude to the Turgenev novel and its heroes.

During the classes

I. Repetition of what has been learned.

Sample questions:

1. Let's remember how the novel was created, where it was published, to whom it was dedicated, against whom it was directed.(The novel was conceived in 1860 in England, finished in Russia in 1861, published in the Russian Bulletin in 1862, dedicated to V. G. Belinsky, directed against the nobility.)

2. What events of the novel do you consider to be the main ones?

3. What is the essence of the main conflict?

4. For what purpose IS Turgenev confronts Bazarov with other heroes of the novel? What is "psychological couple reception"? What characters in the novel are involved in it?

5. What is "nihilism"?

6. What is the essence of Bazarov's nihilism?

7. What is the role of Madame Odintsova in identifying the main conflict of the novel?

8. Why did Turgenev "make" his hero die? Did Bazarov believe in the immortality of the soul?

9. What, in your opinion, is outdated in the novel and what is modern?

10. What is your attitude to the Turgenev novel and its heroes?

II. Discussion of the statements of Russian critics about the novel "Fathers and Sons".

I. S. Turgenev after the publication of Fathers and Sons, he wanted to leave literary activity forever and even said goodbye to the readers in the novel Enough.

Fathers and Sons made a splash in a way the author did not expect. With bewilderment and bitterness, he stopped before the "chaos of conflicting judgments"(Yu.V. Lebedev).

In a letter to A. A. Fet, Turgenev remarked perplexedly: “Did I want to curse Bazarov or extol him? I do not know this myself, for I do not already know whether I love him or hate him! "

1.D. I. Pisarev wrote two brilliant articles "Bazarov" (1862) and "Realists" (1864), in which he expressed his attitude to Turgenev's novel and the main character. The critic saw his task as “to outline the personality of Bazarov in large features,” to show his strong, honest and harsh character, to protect him from unfair accusations.

Pisarev's article "Bazarov". (Chapters 2-4, 10, 11.)

Conversation with students about:

1) What are the fundamental properties of the Bazarov type and what are they caused by?(Pisarev, with his characteristic aphoristic engraving, reveals the essence of the Bazarov type, which is generated by the harsh school of labor. It was labor that developed energy ... Pisarev explained Bazarov’s rudeness and harshness by saying that “from harsh labor, hands become coarse, manners coarser, feelings coarse”.)

2) What, according to DI Pisarev, governs Bazarov's actions?
(The reasons for vigorous activity, according to Pisarev, are “personal whim or personal calculations.” The critic, overlooking the revolutionary nature of Bazarov, could not clearly explain what “personal calculations.” Pisarev also impoverished the concept of “personal whim,” without filling it with revolutionary content.)

3) How does Bazarov compare with the heroes of the previous era?

(DI Pisarev wrote about the attitude towards Bazarov and his predecessors in Russian literature: one solid whole. ")

4) What does the critic say about Turgenev's attitude to the Bazarov type in general? What does he think about the death of the hero in particular?(For Turgenev, his hero stands “on the threshold of the future.” Bazarov dies, and his lonely grave makes one think that the democrat Bazarov has no followers and followers.

Pisarev seems to be in solidarity with Turgenev, as he believes that Bazarov "has no activity." But what if “there is no reason for him to live; so it is necessary to see how he will die. " The critic analyzes in detail the chapter on the illness and death of Bazarov, admires the hero, shows what gigantic forces and opportunities there are in this new type. "To die as Bazarov died is the same as to accomplish a great feat.")

5) What statements of the Russian critic do you find interesting?

2.D.D. Minaev 1. The poem “Fathers or Sons? Parallel "(1862).

For many years without fatigue

Two generations have been waging war

Bloody war;

And nowadays in any newspaper

"Fathers" and "Children" enter the battle.

They smite each other,

As before, in the old days.

We carried out as best we could

Two generations of parallels

Through the mist and through the fog.

But a vapor of fog scattered:

Only from Ivan Turgenev

Waited for a new romance -

Our dispute was resolved by a novel.

And we exclaimed in fervor:

"Who can resist in an unequal dispute?"

Which of the two?

Who has won? Who is the best rule?

Who made themselves respect:

Whether Bazarov, Pavel Kirsanov,

Caressing our ears?

Take a closer look at his face:

What tenderness, thinness of the skin!

The hand is white like light.

In speeches, in receptions - tact and measure,

The greatness of the London sir, -

After all, without perfume, without a vanity case 2

And life is hard for him.

And what morality! Oh Gods!

He is in alarm before Fenechka,

Shivers like a schoolboy;

Standing up for a peasant in an argument,

Sometimes he is with the whole office,

Drawing with my brother in conversation,

"Calm, calm!" - repeats.

Raising your body,

He does business idle,

Captivating old ladies;

Sits in the bath, goes to bed,

Feeds terror to a new race

Like a lion on Brühl's terrace

Walking in the morning.

Here is the old press representative.

Can you compare Bazarov with him?

Hardly, gentlemen!

The hero can be seen by the signs

And in this dark nihilist

With his medicines, with a lancet,

There is no trace of heroism.

* * *

As the most exemplary cynic,

He Stan Madame de Odintsova

He pressed it to his chest.

And even, - after all, what impudence, -

Hospitality is right without knowing

Once Fenya, hugging,

I kissed him in the garden.

Who is dearer to us: old man Kirsanov,

Lover of frescoes and hookahs,

Russian Togenburg 3 ?

Or he, a friend of the rabble and the bazaars,

The reborn Insarov, -

Cutting frogs Bazarov,

A slob and a surgeon?

The answer is ready: we are not without reason

We have a weakness for Russian bars -

Bring them crowns!

And we, deciding everything in the world,

These questions were resolved ...

Who is dearer to us - fathers or children?

Fathers! Fathers! Fathers!

Conversation with students about:

2) What are the features of the form of the poem?(Minaev's ironic poem is reminiscent of Lermontov's "Borodino." ! ")

3. M. A. Antonovich "Asmodeus 4 of our time "(1862).

Maxim Alekseevich Antonovich - publicist, literary critic and naturalist, belonged to the revolutionary-democratic camp, was a student of N. A. Dobrolyubov and N. G. Chernyshevsky. He carried his reverent attitude towards Chernyshevsky and Dobrolyubov throughout his life. Antonovich had a difficult relationship with Nekrasov.

According to his daughter's recollections, Antonovich had a very proud and intolerant character, which aggravated the drama of his fate in journalism.

In the article "Asmodeus of Our Time" Antonovich spoke negatively about Ivan Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons". The critic saw in the novel the idealization of the fathers and the slander of the children. In Bazarov Antonovich found immorality and "mess" in his head. Evgeny Bazarov is a caricature, slander against the younger generation.

Some excerpts from the article.

“From the very first pages ... you feel a kind of deadening cold; you do not live with the characters of the novel, do not become imbued with their life, but begin to reason coldly with them, or, more precisely, follow their reasoning ... This shows that the new work of Mr. Turgenev is extremely unsatisfactory in artistic terms ... the new work does not have ... psychological analysis , no ... artistic images of pictures of nature ...

... in the novel ... there is not a single living person and living soul, and all are only abstract ideas and different directions ... He [Turgenev] despises and hates his main character and his friends with all his heart ...

In disputes he [Bazarov] is completely lost, expresses nonsense and preaches absurdities, unforgivable to the most limited mind ...

There is nothing to say about the moral character and moral qualities of the hero; this is not a man, but some terrible creature, just a devil, or, to put it more poetically, asmodeus. He systematically hates and persecutes everyone, from his kind parents, whom he loathes, and ending with frogs, which he slaughters with merciless cruelty. Never a single feeling creeps into his cold heart; not a trace of any hobby or passion is visible in him ...

[Bazarov] is not a living person, but a caricature, a monster with a tiny head and a giant mouth, with a small face and a big nose, and, moreover, the caricature is the most vicious ...

How does the modern young generation of Turgenev imagine? He, apparently, is not disposed towards him, he is even hostile towards children; he gives full advantage to his fathers ...

The novel is nothing more than a merciless and destructive criticism of the younger generation ...

Pavel Petrovich [Kirsanov], a single person ... endlessly immersed in worries about smartness, but an invincible dialectician, at every step amazes Bazarov and his nephew ... "

Some statements from Antonovich's article are written on the board, students are invited to challenge the critic's opinion.

- "The new work of Mr. Turgenev is extremely unsatisfactory in artistic terms."

- Turgenev "despises and hates his main character with all his heart," and "gives full advantage to his fathers and tries to elevate them ..."

- Bazarov "is completely lost, expresses nonsense and preaches absurdities." Pavel Petrovich "amazes Bazarov at every step."

- Bazarov "hates everyone" ... "not a single feeling creeps into his cold heart."

4. Nikolay Nikolaevich Strakhov- literary critic, author of the article “I. S. Turgenev. "Fathers and Sons"". The article is devoted to exposing nihilism as a theory that is supposedly divorced from Russian life.

The critic believed that Bazarov is an image of a person trying to subjugate the "forces of life" that gave birth to him and dominate over him. Therefore, the hero denies love, art, the beauty of nature - these are the forces of life that reconcile a person with the world around him. Bazarov hates reconciliation, he longs for a fight. Strakhov emphasizes the greatness of Bazarov. According to Strakhov, Turgenev's attitude towards fathers and children is the same. "This is the same measure, this common point of view for Turgenev is human life, in its broadest and fullest meaning."

III. Implementation of individual homework.

Reading the written answer to the question "Why is Turgenev's novel" Fathers and Sons "and its hero interesting to today's reader?"

Homework.

1. Composition based on the novel by Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". (Writing time - a week).

Sample Topics:

1) The meaning of the title of Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons".

2) Russian nobility in the image of Turgenev.

3) What is the strength and artistic appeal of Bazarov?

4) What do I love and what do not I accept in Bazarov?

5) "So you deny everything?" (Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov.)

6) The attitude towards women of the heroes of the novel.

7) The role of landscape in Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons".

8) "Superfluous people" in the literature of the XIX century and the "new hero" I. S. Turgenev.

9) Analysis of an episode from the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" (at the option of students).

2. Biography of the poet F. I. Tyutchev.

3. Reading the poet's poems.