How to draw a 3D drawing on paper with a pencil step by step. How it is done, how it works, how it works

In order to get acquainted with the three-dimensional effect, it is enough to start with simple 3D-drawings. In our article you will find recommendations for novice artists on how to create light drawings, made taking into account the principles of 3D.

To implement even the simplest 3D drawings on paper, you need to have at least an initial idea of ​​what principles lie in 3D visualization. This is, first of all, perspective, chiaroscuro, and sometimes even.

Creating Basic 3D Shapes: Cube

The cube is constructed using an origin and three axes. The basic geometric shapes that make up this object are squares, which are the sides of a cube.

The point is that looking at a cube, we do not see all of its faces at the same time, but only three of them. It is important to understand how they are positioned relative to each other, how the shadow is distributed on the object itself, and how it casts a shadow.

You can read about how to build this three-dimensional shape, how to correctly determine the light source and apply shadow and penumbra to the object in our article on construction.

Image of a 3D sphere on paper

Earlier we learned how to create a cubic shape, taking into account the principles of 3D.

Unlike a cube, a sphere does not have a single starting point or axis from which to start working, so we need to apply a little common sense and imagination.

We learned about highlights, shadows, and midtones. We will use these concepts again, but include two more tones - the main shadow and the drop shadow. We will use these to create the shadow effect of the subject.

For training, you will need: a soft 2B pencil, a sheet of paper, a ruler, a glass, an eraser and shading (you can either buy it or make it yourself from a piece of paper by curling it into a cone). It is recommended to put a cloth, napkin or paper under your arm.

Place the glass upside down on a sheet and easily trace around it. You will be left with a perfect circle. Determine which side the imaginary light source will be located on. In our example, it is located on the top right side.

Using a ruler, drawing very lightly without pressure, draw a dotted line from the light source to the center of the circle, but going inside the circle only about an inch from the edge. Its end will be a reference point for the highlight. With a light outline, draw a small oval around the extreme point of the dotted line.

Take the glass again and place it so that the side opposite to the light is slightly visible, and a kind of eclipse effect is created. Draw the resulting arc inside the circle. The resulting "crescent" is the future shadow.

Repeat this process four more times, moving towards the light source and making the "crescent" slightly wider each time. You should stop when you have already reached about half of the circle. The “crescents” closest to the center will become semitones.

You will notice that the arcs that are closer to the middle do not follow the shape of the sphere. Therefore, you will have to correct them yourself a little, just wrap the ends inward a little. Follow the shape of the circle. You can also focus on the oval that we drew at the very beginning for the highlight.

Let's start making shadows. The very first "crescent", which is located farthest from the light, needs to be shaded most intensively. Try to keep your pencil also repeating the outline of the ball, do not make sharp perpendicular strokes.

Then move on to the next "crescents". Shading each subsequent segment, make it a tone lighter than the previous one. Eventually you should come up with the lightest shade, which will be on top of the sphere just below the light source. Remember that the lightest spot on the ball is the highlight.

To make the transitions softer and more subtle, use feathering. Move it in a little circular motion along the arcs we have drawn.

Now it's time to add the drop shadow. It is formed as a result of the object obstructing the passage of light. Accordingly, it must be positioned on the side opposite to the light source with respect to the object.

Then you can add the main shadow. This is the place in the image that absolutely no light can reach, for example, the very base of the subject.

When we have the main shadow and the approximate silhouette of the cast shadow, we can proceed to shading it. Its intensity will change symmetrically to the shadow on the subject, but the brightness of the shades here will be much lower.

Remember to use feathering to smooth out the transition from darker tones to lighter ones, as well as soften the edge of the shadow. It shouldn't be pronounced.

The sphere is almost ready. It remains to add a few more highlights with the eraser on top, perhaps slightly increase the light area on top. Another place to add highlights is on the left side of the sphere near the shadow. The fact is that light is reflected from the surface, thrown back and hits the object.

Volumetric pyramid in pencil

Let's draw an isosceles triangle. From its top, let us lower a line slightly longer than the height of the triangle. Connect its bottom point to the bottom two corners of the shape. You already have a pyramid almost ready, only too perfect.

Let's extend one bottom face of the pyramid by a few millimeters, then connect the end point of this segment to the top of the pyramid. This will give us a new edge. It is also necessary to correct the other side of the pyramid visible to us.

Light and shadow are applied in a way we already know. You will see in more detail the process of drawing a pyramid in the video.

Secret trick for creating a 3D illusion

There is one trick that even completely non-drawing people can help create amazing three-dimensional illusions. In the video below, you will see that drawing 3D objects is a fairly easy process, the main thing is to know how to approach it.

To create a 3D illusion, you only need a piece of paper, a pen or pencils, and a ruler. Even a child can cope with technology, but do not think that adults will not be interested in trying this way of drawing. Believe me, everyone will like the result.

In the first step, you will need to find a suitable item. The fact is that first we will circle it, which means that not everything may be suitable for this. Those who can draw a little can independently draw the silhouette of an object.

Most often, this technique is used to depict a hand, because this is what is always with us. The hand has an interesting shape, it is relatively flat and can really be traced on paper. In addition, you can use something from cutlery (spoon, knife), some vegetables or fruits (banana, eggplant).

Trace the subject, leaving a non-greasy, very thin pencil outline on the paper. After that, take a ruler and a softer pencil and start drawing horizontal lines, but only up to the outline of the hand and between the fingers. Visually, it should look like the lines go behind the hand.

Then start adding volume to the object. To do this, it is necessary to connect with arcs passing along the hand, abutting against its contour of the line. Do the same operation on the fingers. This gives the image a bulge, that is, the impression of three-dimensionality is created.

Finally, on top and on the right, brighten the silhouette of the subject, mark the boundaries. Also add a shadow on the right to complete the object's sense of reality. If desired, at the very end, you can add colors to your drawing by coloring the stripes in different shades.

Three-dimensional or as they are now called 3D drawings cause the audience to feel a sense of reality, and novice artists have a misunderstanding of how the illusion of a three-dimensional image is obtained. It's actually not that difficult to create visual drawings, the main thing is to distribute the shadows and light correctly.

Do you want to learn how to draw in 3D? Follow our advice:

• at the first stage, work with a real object that can be touched, viewed up close and from afar;
• first make a sketch, scrupulously drawing out the contours of the subject;
• Decide on a light source and remember - only side lighting (right or left) highlights the volume, shape, texture of the object well, and the closer the object is to the light, the lighter it will be, the further away - the darker.

How to quickly draw a 3D drawing

Consider the easiest way to get a three-dimensional drawing using a pencil on a regular sheet of notebook paper. The object is a wooden spoon, the light is on the left.

• Place the spoon with the concave side on a piece of paper, hold it with one hand, and circle it with a pencil with the other.

• Draw the entire sheet, except for the object, with a ruler in strips 1 cm wide.

• Draw curved lines on the spoon - a continuation of the dangling, straight lines marking the sheet.

• Contour the spoon by tracing its right side with a pencil, and erase a thin strip on the left side so that the image visually takes a three-dimensional shape.

• Strengthening the skills, practice - circle your hand, line the outline in the same way, darken the drawing. If you feel that the brush has turned out to be voluminous, proceed to more complex creativity.

How to draw a 3D drawing with a simple pencil

Prepare an album sheet, a simple pencil, an eraser and draw using our picture tips:

• draw a parallelogram on a piece of paper, inside which draw parallel lines to each side of it;

• add 4 more lines in the resulting quadrilateral and two oblique lines in the upper right and lower left corners;

• circle the outline of the drawing with a bold line;

• draw lines according to the pattern;

• erase the basting;

• shade the rectangle with horizontal hatching, making smooth transitions from dark to light.

How to draw a 3D drawing - a complicated version

We will draw a ladder. For such work you will need: a pencil, a ruler, thick paper.

• Fold over the workpiece and draw two lines in opposite directions at an angle of approximately 40º. Mark the cross sticks - future steps.

• Connect the extreme points of the stairs with a slightly noticeable line. Draw a drop shadow from the crossbars using a soft lead.

• Take a sheet with a drawing and lift one side of it up so that the stairs are straight, then the drawn shadow will create the illusion of reality and volume.

So, to create a 3D drawing does not require special skill and knowledge, simple perseverance mixed with our advice will help you create a real masterpiece and amaze your friends and acquaintances with your work.

Before studying draw 3D Drawings you need to understand that the 3D effect is achieved by volume and shadows, so for those who want to learn how to draw objects so that they seemed real, you need to work hard first! The very first thing before learning is to learn how to draw a volume, try to draw a cube, ball or cone. It may take you a lot of time, but in the future it will be faster and faster. Further, after the volume, there are shadows and light. 3D objects cast shadows at the locations that define the light source. Before starting to create a three-dimensional drawing, you will need some time to study the object that you are going to draw - its shape, volume, shadows.

1.Sketch.

The first step to drawing a 3D image is to create a sketch. Satisfied just to create it, you should decide where the items will be on your sheet. After that, the object should be given a certain shape. Then you need to determine the light source in order to correctly display the shadows.

2.Shadows
I must say right away that it is better to adjust the shadows in layers. First create a shadow mask (light sketches) and then you can finish as you need. Where the shadows are very dark, try to make their outlines not clear, this will give the picture more reality.

Use an eraser to create additional highlights. Carefully avoid the dark areas of the shadow so as not to hit them with the eraser - smear only the drawing.

As we already know, now 3D-drawings have become very popular: we can see this live in the form of graffiti (on the walls of garages, houses and other structures), and all sorts of pictures from contests in social networks.

Volumes in 3D drawing

So, let's remember about - after all, it is with their help that you can create an illusory 3D effect... The volumes mentioned mainly depend on the characteristics of the shadows: how exactly the many colors are located from dark to light.

In 3D, objects cast shadows where light can be identified.

This was a short introduction, and now for general tips for creating a 3D image.

How to get 3D drawing effect?

1. Before proceeding directly to drawing, you just need to spend "Scaly-gigantic" a lot of time to carefully study what you are going to portray, namely: you need to take a closer look at all the features, notice the characteristics of the shadows and examine the shape with volume... Of course, you can take this advice literally, and start drawing with fingers trembling with old age and gray patches on your eyes - well, of course! You have to consider and check everything SO scrupulously. But, I think, if you spend at least a week on the consideration of your chosen object, it will be good.
2. Now about the shadows. As we already know, light and shadow are the main components of our 3D effect. In order to understand the very essence of the shadow (but how mysterious it sounds), it is recommended to perform something like the following ritual: on the night of the bloody moon, stand in front of the mirror and catch how the light falls ... But, actually, it is not necessary to wait for the night, and even more so to look for the bloody moon. It is enough just to stand under direct rays of light and look in the mirror - then, upon careful examination, you can notice that it is the shadows that draw the volume of the figure: they are both near the nose, and under it, and on other details of your, so to speak, construction.
3. Next is the natural environment. To make it clearer, take, for example, a tree: we all know that its trunk closer to the center will be darker, the closer to the crowns. By the way, this is also a pretty scientific example of shadow placement.

With the tips finished, let's move on to the more practical part, namely, to the algorithm for displaying a 3D drawing. Are you ready? They exhaled and calmed the joyful thrill of the heart. Everything…

Our 3D drawing algorithm

1. First, we need to do what? That's right, a sketch. so to speak. There should be no problems with this, we create a clear plan of action: what, where and how exactly the selected objects will be "inserted" on paper. This sketch will be something like a map: both the shape of the object and its location will be visible on it ( some kind of spy games ...)
2. Now - light, namely its source. An experienced, practicing draftsman only needs to know the location of the light ( say, the sun or the moon, or the same lanterns ... or light bulbs ... fireflies, finally!) to render the shadow correctly. That which is closer to the light source, of course, will be lighter, in contrast to what is located further... But the shadow should also be used carefully, carefully, because excessive use of shadows is not good. Well, look - overly light objects will not be difficult to darken, but overly dark objects are not so easy to lighten.
3. Layers aren't just found in cakes. So it's better to draw a 3D drawing using layers: first sketch out the shadows (make a shadow mask), and then darken at your discretion.
4. And finally, about the darkest deepest shadows. Better to shade them, depict unclear, blurry to make them look more realistic. Then you can use an eraser to lighten (if need be).

In case you are not particularly experienced in drawing 3D drawings, it is better to start with light exercises.

For example, again, let's take our old familiar geometric figures - ball, cone or cylinder- and try to depict them in three-dimensional format. Of course, this should take a lot of time for experienced artists, but! You should not throw pencil and paper in your hearts: this does not mean that you are a mediocrity, just over time you will be able to reach a good enough level to draw not only geometric shapes, and not only on paper. Most importantly, don't give up!

By the way, about “ ... not only on paper". The fact that it is possible to draw three-dimensional images both on asphalt and on other surfaces is, of course, no secret. But did you know that in order to start this, without a doubt, a new level of drawing 3D drawings, you first have to make friends not only with pencil and paper, but also with terrible and unpredictable monsters After Effects and Adobe Photoshop?

That's the same ... but while you are in a panic remember how to use it all, or you offer your computer a bribe in the form of additional free memory (unfortunately, the technician does not take cookies) , I will give an approximate algorithm for performing a three-dimensional drawing on, attention, - asphalt.

3D drawing algorithm on asphalt

1. First, we collect money and go for a walk around the city in search of inspiration ( no, it's not about pretty brunettes with blondes and not about brutal macho with cute nerds, but about the estimated location of your drawing). Found it? We click the place a certain number of times on your mobile phone. If the phone is equipped with a completely sad camera (or not equipped at all), we remember the place and fly home - behind a fotik.
2. Secondly, being in the same place (if you left - come back now) and think what exactly and how will you portray... We include imagination and look at what happened. Mentally, of course.
3. Coming home and poking a hot seagull ( coffee, chocolate, uzvar, mineral water, kefir), we sit down at our beloved PC and, holding our breath, load the photos into Photoshop (also known as Adobe Photoshop).
4. Further work in the program itself: insert a picture or a word (preferably censored - you must admit that it will be somehow tasteless if the streets are decorated with completely unacceptable words), then apply filters.
5. Now squeeze the window " Correcting perspective"And make the perspective we mentioned so that so that the grid covers our image entirely and then transfer (exporting) what came out in the program under the code name After Effects.
6. Of the three files that we get as a result (namely: vpe, 3ds and png), - choose the most readable one - png... After all, this is how our image will look from above.
7. And finally, we print the previous file, make a scale grid ( for our "place of work") and forward with a song. Drawings on asphalt, as you know, are made either with crayons or spray paints. As for me, spray paints last longer, and given how long you spend on the image of a three-dimensional drawing on the pavement, you are unlikely to be amused by the fact that it was washed away by the evening rain.

So that is all. Go for it!

Wrote in March 4th, 2015

In this post I will talk about the principles of creating 3d drawings on asphalt and not only on it. The word asphalt means a horizontal plane on which we walk every day, it can be concrete and a wooden base, glass and even sand, yes, now there is such a 3d drawing on the sand... It just so happened that we began to call him "on the pavement", apparently because in childhood we said: "Drawing with chalk on the pavement", although they were often painted more on concrete, it is possible that the word concrete does not sound. Abroad literally - 3d street painting in English. 3d street painting.

Many of you who are now reading this article are already familiar with this a kind of street art from photographs that were found on the Internet or maybe even one of you saw 3d drawings live, or maybe even tried to create it with his own hand, and most likely wondered how street artists seek 3d effect?
I am sure that some of you have already exclaimed: "Whoa, what's the secret!? ... This is an elementary projection of an image onto a plane! "And they will be right. I would clarify that this is a projection + perspective, although of course the concept projections cannot be split from perspectives, these are interacting concepts.

So where does work begin on 3d pattern? And the work begins, like all artists, with the definition of the plot and the development of a sketch, which depends on the size of the site on which it will be performed drawing... How does the plot depend on the size of the site, you ask?

To do this, you need to understand that the drawing on the asphalt is a projection onto a plane that is at an angle to us and has its own perspective reduction, and if you decide to depict an object that is larger than human growth, suppose an adult bear attacking a person, which will be the person being photographed, then such drawing in our country it will stretch for many meters, this is provided that the height at the point of inspection, from which a person looks at the drawing, is equal to the average height of a person. Therefore, sometimes artists can use a combination of a plane under their feet and a wall, or even two walls in which three and four planes (floor, ceiling and two walls) are involved - the corner part of the room.

In this image, you can see how the image is resized when projected onto a plane by the line of sight. And the sharper the angle of the line of sight to the plane of the asphalt, the more elongated our drawing will be.
Yes, everyone knew it without you, let's move on!

After you have decided on the sketch, you need to transfer it to the plane, in our case, the asphalt. How can this be done?
Some of you have already exclaimed, yes, with the help of a projector! Yes, I will answer, it is possible with the help of a projector, but there is one small condition,drawingyou need to perform during one daylight hours, as it can happen, suppose onfestival, in which the process of using the projector becomes impossible - the projected image is simply not visible in bright light. So how!? ...

To do this, I will introduce you a little bit into the course of the subject. perspective and the way of constructing geometric objects in space - architect method... Why geometric? Because first we need to build a mesh in space. This method is more familiar artists and architects relevant educational institutions, although someone came across the basics in the subject of drawing.

From the point of view 3d drawing should look exactly like your sketch.

At the same time, on the asphalt, the drawing of an apple will look like this (top view). It can be seen how the pattern is deformed on the plane, so on 3d drawing or as it can also be called anamorphic drawing, not to be confused with amorphous! :) you need to look from only one point.
The diagram shows the human field of view is prbl. 120 °.

The point of view for the viewer is indicated by such a sign (which I use) or by any other one that makes it clear to the person that it is necessary to be and shoot right here and in this direction. So what you need to look for for high-quality photography is just such a sign.

A couple of pictures to understand how much the drawing changes in size.
On this Photo through the camera lens from the designated viewing point.

That's how drawing transforms (view from the back side)
The drawn sewer manhole, which looks from the point of inspection (where the tripod stands) as a round lying pancake, the width of which is almost twice the length, actually has the shape of an elongated oval, which has opposite values ​​- the length is greater than the width.

An example of using two planes for 3d drawing

What does the deformation look like? drawing and from another point of view.

First you need to set the size of the rectangular area that will capture yourdrawing on the pavement and define perspective scale, namely length and width scale... To do this, on a sheet of paper you need to outline the horizon and draw a line H parallel to the horizon, this line is the edge of the picture plane in our drawing to which we will still reach, on the asphalt this line is the edge of a rectangular grid, which will be divided into squares 50x50 cm in size.

This size is set by the artist arbitrarily, depending on the complexity of the image, according to the principle, the more details, the smaller the squares, for a more accurate determination of the position of the lines in the drawing.
We all remember that the horizon passes at the level of a person's eyes, provided that the line of sight of the person looking at this figure is at the same height, that is, roughly speaking, if these figures are of the same height. And of course, if someone is higher or lower, our horizon line changes.

Thus, knowing the height of a person (take an average height of 170 cm), we can set the footage on the picture plane, that is, on the line H.
Next, we draw the center line, which is at an angle of 90° to the edge of the plane of the sky, in this case to the line H.

For convenience, I divide meter segments into floors and connect to a point P on the horizon thus obtainingvanishing point Pand the scale of the length of the segments, which we have equal to 50 cm.

Now the main thing, we need to define width scale or you can also say depth scale piece 50cm long. Simply put, we need to determine how visually our mesh will shrink in perspective, laid on the asphalt. I recommend that you initially stock up on a larger paper format for the drawing.

We set the distance to the main point of inspection (from which the public will take pictures3d drawing) that is, to the edge of your drawing (or rather, to the edge of your future grid on the asphalt) I set 2 meters, the artist arbitrarily sets the distance that he needs, but I don’t think it makes sense to make it less than 1.5 meters.
On the centerline of our drawing, from the edge of the picture plane, what the line is H , we postpone the distance of 2 meters, as a result, getting a segment C N. This point itself N does not play a role for the further construction of the drawing.

Next, we need to get a remote point D1 on the horizon, from which the beam will cross the plane of the sky at an angle of 45 °, at the point C, this will help us determine the top of the square. To do this, we set the distance twice the height of the human figure, since the figure is the object from which we are measuring. Why 2 times from the plane of the sky? The reason is in the structure of the human eye, the angle of capture in width is greater than in height. For a more or less normal, not distorted perception, we need to be at a distance from the object twice its height)

Thus, we get the point Q(we will not need it on the site). From the main vanishing point P set aside (using a compass) a segment equal to PQ on the horizon, thus getting a point D1 and D2, most often it will go beyond the sheet of paper, so the segment PQ divisible by 2 to get a point D½ and four for the point D¼... Conducting a beam through the points D1,C we get a straight line that intersects the plane of the picture at an angle of 45 ° in perspective.

Received point B1 segment BPis the vertex of the square, segmentB, B1-sides 50cm long in perspective.

As I said above, the distance point D1 comes out of a sheet of paper, for convenience a cut D1, P is divided into four parts and we get a point D¼
Using distance point D¼keep in mind that in this case the rays cross the side of the square B1, C1 at a different angle (this in prbl. 75 ° ) to the picture plane. And to find the intersection point, the segment BC is divided into four equal parts like any other segment on the line of the picture plane, a straight line is drawn from the intersection point to the vanishing point P, from D¼ v WITH- the intersection point and will define the side B1, C1 as does the ray drawn from D1 v WITH.

In such a tricky way, at the intersections of rays from a distant point with rays of contractionsAP, BP, CP, DP, EPwe get a grid measuring 2 by 2 meters in perspective reduction with the size of square sections 50x50 cm. Voila!

The height of the figure of the person in the picture and the height of the beholder at the point of inspection is 170 cm, the distance to the point of inspection is 2 meters.
As you can see in the photo below, placing our apple sketch on the resulting mesh, 3d drawing from the point of view on the site should look exactly the same as on the sketch, i.e. without distortions and deformations.

Now we need to draw a mesh without distortion, this is our projection sketch, with which we will work on the site and transfer the image to the asphalt.
Our mesh is built on the edge of the picture plane, which is our straight line H, the grid will be parallel to the plane of the sky and perpendicular to the plane of the base, ie "asphalt". The size of the grid squares is still the same, 50 cm, in the drawing, of course, you have it in your chosen scale.

Then watch your hands ... We number the squares for convenience. Conducting a beam, I named it " beam projection ", from the point of view N, at the point of any intersection of our drawing with the grid, which lies in our perspective, I selected the edge of the apple leaf - it is on the line of our grid in perspective (the base of the square C2). Crossing our usual grid, which is parallel to us, the projection ray hits the point, which is the edge of our apple leaf.

In this tricky way, we find all the intersection points on our mesh. The points that fall on the centerline are found using the proportional calculation method.
To achieve a more accurate result of drawing parts and lines 3d drawing, the grid is specified by a smaller cell pitch.
We connect all the points with a smooth line, as it was in kindergarten once ...
3d drawing in the projection sketch is ready!
As you can see from the result obtained, the sketch turned out to be deformed. Now it remains to transfer it to the asphalt in nature, where you have already drawn the grid, sit and wait.

By the same principle, the image is built on the walls and ceilings. This is the end of the fairy tale.
And don't forget that 3d drawing this is primarily a drawing that requires drawing skills, color and composition, otherwise the work may not turn out to be spectacular.

Although 3d drawing is called a drawing, it can also be made with paint, where, logically, it would be more correct to call it 3d painting on asphalt, but it so happened that we began to call him a drawing, let me remind you abroad is most often called 3d street painting, although sometimes you can find the term 3d drawings like we have.

Taken from maksiov c The secret to creating a 3D drawing. Part1 and the Secret of creating a 3D drawing Part2

If you have a production or service that you want to tell our readers about, write to [email protected] Lera Volkova ( [email protected] ) and Sasha Kuksa ( [email protected] ) and we will make the best report that will be seen not only by the readers of the community, but also by the site http://bigpicture.ru/.

Subscribe also to our groups in facebook, vkontakte,classmates and in google + plus where the most interesting from the community will be posted, plus materials that are not here and videos about how things work in our world.

Click on the icon and subscribe!