As the name of the father, the Tatars became a surname. Tatar surnames

04.03.2020

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The legacy of the Tatars [What and why was hidden from us from the history of the Fatherland] Enikeev Gali Rashitovich

Chapter 3 Tatar surnames (clans) in the Russian people

Tatar surnames (clans) in the Russian people

Western historians, who wrote their own version of the history of our Fatherland, tried to hide as much as possible the fact that in the formation of the ruling layer of the Russian state, and especially in the founding of the very system of unified statehood in a significant part of Eurasia, the Tatar khans and murzas played a huge role ( biy). True, later, with the coming to power of the pro-Western tsars of the Romanovs and their henchmen-Westernizers, the system of a unified state in the vastness of Russia-Eurasia was “rastatarized” and changed for the needs of the “Romanov-German yoke,” as the Eurasian prince N. S aptly called the regime of the Romanovs. Trubetskoy (see more about this in chapters 13-15 of this book). Therefore, in the kurk of the official history of Russia, it was hidden that in fact many and many modern Russians - and not only modern Tatars and many representatives of modern Turkic peoples - are descendants medieval Tatars... This is described in detail and reasoned in the book "The Great Horde: Friends, Enemies and Heirs" (36).

Few people know that before the establishment of the pro-Western Romano-German yoke, the Russian tsars wrote in their diplomatic letters to the West, in particular, that the power of the Tatar Great Horde, “ the throne of Kazan and Astrakhan was the royal throne from the very beginning» ( G.V. Vernadsky). Therefore, the Russian princes, and later the tsars of Muscovy, considered it an honor for themselves to become related to the Tatar nobility. For example, it is known that the mother of Alexander Nevsky, the wife of Grand Duke Yaroslav Vsevolodovich (XIII century), was a "Polovtsian". It must be clarified: in fact, the facts indicate that the wife of the great Russian prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, the mother of Alexander Nevsky, was precisely a Tatar.

Another example: in 1317, the Moscow prince Georgy Danilovich married the sister of Uzbek Khan (see Chapter 5). There are many such examples. Well, perhaps we will also mention Ivan the Terrible (Ivan IV), who, according to the statements of the Romanov Western historians, was “the worst enemy of the Tatars”. But even official historians admit that the mother of this tsar was of Tatar origin, from the clan of the Tatar Murza Mamai (see chapter 11 about him). Moreover, Ivan IV also married a Tatar. Information about this has been preserved by the English ambassador Jerome Horsey, who explained the marriage of Tsar Ivan to a Tatar princess by the fact that “the tsar's power increased as a result of the above marriage, which brought him the power and strength of these Tatars, more staunch warriors than themselves; he also used these Tatars to suppress and pacify those of his princes and boyars, who, as he believed, were unhappy and rebelled against him ... ”.

There is information that the Western Tsar Peter I also had Tatars in his family: his mother was from the Naryshkin princes, descended from the Tatar Murz (biys).

Let's pay attention to the content of the Tatar historical dastan "On the family of Chyngyz-khan" (39). From it you can learn very interesting information, which the official historians are silent about. For example, in this dastan it is said that "the khans (tsars) from the Chyngyz-khan clan still rule in the Moscow Horde." This copy of the dastan was written in the late 16th - early 17th centuries; there are copies of the dastan containing this information, and with a later dating (79). As you can see, the Tatar author of those times confidently writes that the Russian (Moscow) tsars had exactly Tatar origin... Of course, all this could not please the Romanov historians, who declared the Tatars a "unhistorical" people, so the content of this dastan was hidden from us for a long time and, as we learn from this book, a lot of other information about our true history - both of the Tatar people and the whole of Russia ...

As the Eurasian P.N.Savitsky reasonably argued, “40 or even more percent of the Great Russian nobility” are the descendants of the Horde Tatar Murzas, princes and their servants (31). It was they, together with other Tatars who from ancient times lived at the "latitude of the Moscow river and to the south of it" (3), and provided the Muscovy with "great prestige in the Tatar world "(G.V. Vernadsky). And these Tatars-Horde played a significant role in the fact that the authority of Russia-Muscovy turned out to be quite high not only in the Tatar, but also in the rest of the world (38).

That is, the Horde Tatars, up to the mid-end of the 17th century, until the significant increase in the power of the Romanovs and the onset of the “Romano-Hemansky yoke”, participated in a large number in the rule of the Moscow state, including being represented in the highest power. That is, the Tatars were part of the ruling class of Muscovy, moreover, as we will see now, as the first persons. According to the data obtained as a result of independent archival research, both during the "period of the reign of Ivan the Terrible" and after a long time, the Tatar tsars and Murza "enjoyed great honor at the court of the Russian sovereigns. In the system of the Moscow state and the troops, they occupied the first places. On acts that required the signatures of the highest officials of the state, their signatures are in front. At all court celebrations and meetings, they occupied the main places ”((39), see in more detail in Chapter 12). That is why it turned out that in the modern Russian people there are a lot of descendants of those same Tatar-Horde people. Moreover, they are always among the most active and advanced in all respects part of the Great Russian people. Further, in the following chapters, we will mention many of them and note their role in the history of our Fatherland.

Below are some of the Russian clans (surnames) of Tatar origin: their descendants were Tatars, possibly in not so distant generations. And what is more interesting - to this day, many of these surnames (genera) are found simultaneously among modern Russians and Tatars.

Abashevs(information about the surname from the 15th century). Abdulovs(information from the end of the 15th - the beginning of the 16th century. One of the families of the Abdulovs - the descendants of the Kazan Horde kings, khans). Agdavletovs(in translation "people of the White state" - "White state" called the Golden Horde, information about the surname from the XIV-XV centuries). Agishevs(information from the 16th century). Adashevs(from the 15th century). Azancheevs(from the 18th century). Aipovs(from the 16th century). Aydarovs(from the 16th century). Aytemirovs(from the 17th century). Akishevs(from the 17th century). Aksakovs(from the 15th century). Alaberdiev(from the 17th century). Alabins(from the 16th century). Alabyshevs(from the 15th century). Alaevs(from the 16th century). Alalykins(from the 16th century). Alashevs(from the 16th century). Alasheevs(from the 16th century). Almazov(from the 17th century). Alytkulachevichi(from the XIV century). Altyshevs(from the 18th century). Alymovs(from the 17th century). Alyabyevs(from the 16th century). Aminevs(from the 16th century). Amirovs(from the 16th century). Anichkovs(from the XIV century). Appakovs(from the 16th century). Apraksins(from the XIV century). Apseitovs(from the 17th century). Arakcheevs(from the 13th century, the Tatar Ostafy Arakcheev was one of the first leaders of the Treasury, already a serious state institution at that time, mentioned in the Russian chronicles). Arapovs(from the 17th century). Ardashevs(from the 18th century). Arsenievs(from the 16th century). Artakovs(from the 17th century). Artyukhovs(from the 17th century). Arkharovs(from the 17th century). Asmanovs(from the 15th century). Akhmatovs(from the XIII century). Akhmetovs(from the 16th century). Akhmylovs(from the XIV century).

Babichevs(from the 16th century). Baginins(from the 17th century). Bagrimovs(from the 15th century). Bazanins(from the 17th century). Bazhanovs(from the 18th century). Bazarovs(from the 16th century). Baybakovs(from the 17th century). Baikachkarovs(from the 16th century). Baikovs(from the 16th century). Baikulovs(from the 16th century). Bayteryakovs(from the 15th century). Bakaevs(from the 16th century). Bakakins(from the 16th century). Baklanovs(from the 16th century). Balakirevs(from the XIV century). Balashevs(from the 18th century). Baranov(from the 15th century). Barancheevs(from the 16th century). Lamb(from the 16th century). Barbashins(from the 16th century). Barsukovs(from the 18th century). Barykovs(from the 16th century). Baskakov(from the 16th century). Basmanovs(from the 16th century). Bastanovs(from the 16th century). Batashovs(from the 16th century). Baturyns(from the 15th century). Bakhmetovs(from the 16th century). Bakhmetyevs(from the 16th century). Bakhteyarovs(from the 16th century). Bachmanovs(from the 16th century). Bashevs(from the beginning of the 17th century). Bayushevs(from the beginning of the 17th century). Begichevs(from the 15th century). Beketovs(from the 17th century). Beklemishevs(from the 15th century). Bekleshevs(from the beginning of the 17th century). Beleutovs(from the 16th century). Belyakovs(from the XIV century). Berdyaevs(from the 16th century). Berkutovs(from the 16th century). Bersenevs(from the 16th century). Bibikovs(from the XIII century). Bizyaevs(from the 17th century). Bimirzins(from the 16th century). Birevy(from the 16th century). Birkins(from the 15th century). Bichurins (Michurins, from the 17th century). Blokhin(from the 15th century). Bogdanovs(from the 16th century). Boltins(from the XIV century). Buzmakovs(from the 16th century). Buzovlevs(from the 15th century). Bukryabovs(from the 17th century). Bulatovs(from the 16th century). Bulgakovs(from the XIV century - the descendants of the Horde kings). Bulgarins(from the 16th century). Bunins(from the 16th century). Burnashevs(from the 17th century). Busurmanovs(from the 16th century). Buturlins(from the XIV century). Bukharins(from the 16th century).

Valishevs (Velyashevs, from the 16th century). Velyaminov(from the XIV century). Velyaminovy-Zernovy(from the XIV century). Werdernikovs(from the XIV century). Folded(from the 15th century). Vyshinsky (Yushinsky, from the XIV century).

Garshins(from the 16th century). Gireyevs(from the 15th century - the descendants of the Horde kings). Glinsky(from the XIV century). Godunovs(the surname comes from the Tatar name "Gata", as well as Gatins, Katanovs, information is known from the XIV century). Golitsyn(from the 16th century). Gorchakovs(from the 16th century). Goryainovs(from the 16th century). Gotovtsevs(from the 16th century).

Davydovs(since the 15th century. Descendants of the Horde kings - khans. Lead their lineage from the Horde king, Khan of the Golden Horde Ulu Muhammad). Dashkovs(from the XIV century). Devlegarovs(from the 16th century). Dedenevs(from the XIV century). Dedulines(from the 16th century). Derzhavin(from the 15th century). Dolgovo-Saburov(from the XIII century). Duvanovs(from the 15th century). Dulov(from the 15th century). Dunilovs(from the 15th century). Durasov(from the 17th century).

Edigeevs(since the 15th century. Edigeev Fedor, a Moscow icon painter, by order of Vasily II, painted the walls of the Annunciation Cathedral in the Moscow Kremlin (Brockhaus)). Elgozins(since the 16th century), Elchins (Yeltsins, Yeltsins, from the 16th century). Elchaninovs(from the XIV century). Elychevs(from the 17th century). Enaklychevs(since the 16th century), Enaleevs(from the 16th century). Epancha-Bezzubov(from the 16th century). Epanchins(from the 16th century). Epishevs(from the 16th century). Ermolins(from the 15th century). Ermolov(from the 16th century).

Zhdanovs(from the XIV century). Zhemaylovs(from the 16th century).

Zagoskins(from the 15th century). Zagryazhskie(from the XIV century). The Zekeevs(from the 17th century). Zenbulatovs(from the 16th century). Spiteful(from the 15th century). Zmeevs(from the 15th century). Teeth(from the XIII century). Zyuzins(from the 15th century).

Ievlevs(from the 17th century). Izdemirov(from the 17th century). Izmailovs(from the 15th century). Isenevs(from the 17th century). Isupov(from the XIV century).

Kablukovs(from the 17th century). Kadyshevs(from the 16th century). Kazarinovs(from the 16th century). Kairovs (Kairovs, from the 17th century). Kaisarovs(from the 15th century). Kalitiny(from the 17th century). Kamaevs(from the 15th century). Kamynins (Komynins, from the 17th century). The Kancheevs(from the 17th century). Karagadymovs(from the 16th century). Karamzins(from the 16th century). Karamyshevs(from the 16th century). Karandeevs(from the 17th century). The Karateyevs(from the 17th century). Karaulov(from the 16th century). Karacharovs(from the 16th century). Karachevs (Karacheevs, from the 15th century). Karachinsk(from the 18th century). Karachurins(from the 16th century). Karbyshevs, Kartmazovs(from the 17th century). Kataevs(from the 17th century). Kashaevs(from the 17th century). Kashkarovs (Kashkarevs, Koshkarevs, from the 17th century). Keldysh(from the 15th century). Kiikovs(from the 16th century). Kireevs(from the 16th century). Kichibeevs(from the 15th century). Kobyakovs(from the XIV century). Kozhevnikovs (Kozhaevs, from the 16th century). Kozakovs(from the 17th century). Koznakov(from the 17th century). Kozlovs(from the 16th century). Kolokoltsevs(from the 16th century). Kolontai(from the XIV century). Kolupaevs(from the 16th century). Kolychevs(from the 15th century). Konakovs (Kunakovs, from the 17th century). Kondakovs(from the 16th century). Kondyrevs(from the 15th century). Kononovs(from the 16th century). Koncheevs(from the 15th century). Korobanovs(from the 16th century). Korobyins(from the 15th century). The Korsakovs(from the XIV century). Kostrovy (Kastrovy, from the 16th century). Kotlubey (Kotlubeyevs, Kotlubitsky, from the XIII century). Nomads (Nomads, from the XIV century). Kochubei(from the 16th century). Kremenets(from the 16th century). Krechetovs (Krechetnikovs, from the 16th century). Krichinsky(from the 17th century). Kryukovs(from the XIV century). Kugushevs(from the 17th century). Kudaykulovs(from the 16th century, descendants of the Horde kings). Kudinovs(from the 16th century). Kulaevs(from the 16th century). Kulomzins(from the 17th century). Kultykovs(from the 17th century). Kulushevs(from the 16th century). Kulychev(from the 17th century). Kuprins(from the 17th century). Kurakin(from the 15th century). Kurapovs(from the 16th century). Kuratov(from the 16th century). Kurbatov(from the 16th century). Kurdyumovs(from the 16th century). Kurkiny(from the 16th century). Kurmanovs(from the 16th century). Kutkins(from the 17th century). Kutuzovs(from the Tatar name "Kotdus": cat- "soul", doos- "friend". A distorted version of "Kutuz", information is known from the XIV century). Kutyevs(from the 16th century). Kuchkins(from the XII century). Kuchukovs(from the 17th century). Kushelevs(from the 15th century).

Lachinovs(from the 17th century). Leontievs(from the 15th century). Leshchinsky(from the 17th century). Likharevs(from the XIV century). Lodygins (Lodyzhensky, from the XIV century). Lubavskie(from the XIV century). Lyubocheninovs(from the 17th century).

Maksheevs(from the 17th century). Mamatovs(from the XIV century). Mamatov-Shumarovskiy(from the 16th century). Mom's(from the 16th century). Mamonovs(from the 17th century). Mamyshevs(from the 15th century). Mangushev(from the 17th century). Mansurovs(from the 15th century). Matyushkins(from the XIII century). Mashkovs(from the 16th century). Melikovs (Milyukovs, from the XIV century). Melgunovs(from the 16th century). Deadvago(from the 15th century, descendants of the Horde kings). Meshchersky (Shirinsky, from the XII century). Meshchersky (Tversky, from the 16th century). Meshcheryakovs(from the 15th century). Milkovsky(from the 17th century). Mikulins(from the 15th century). Minins(from the XIV century). Minchaks (Minchakovs, from the 15th century). Michurins(from the XIV century). Misherovanovs(from the 15th century). Mozharovs(from the 16th century). Molvyanikovs (Molvyaninovs, from the 16th century). Molostovy(from the 17th century). Mosalsky (Masalsky, from the XIV century). Mosolovy(from the XIV century). Muratovs(from the 16th century). Murzins(from the 16th century). Musiny(from the 16th century). Musin-Pushkin(from the XII century). Mukhanovs(from the 16th century). Myachkovs(from the 16th century).

Nagaevs(from the 16th century). Nude(from the 16th century). Narbekovs(from the 15th century). Narykovs(from the 16th century). Naryshkins(from the 15th century). Neklyudov(from the 15th century). Neplyuevs(from the 15th century). Novokreschenov(from the 16th century). Norovs(from the 16th century).

Monkey(from the 15th century). Obinyakov(from the 16th century). Obreimov(from the 17th century). Ogarev(from the 16th century). Ogarkovs(from the XIV century). Ozakovs(from the XIV century). Okulov(from the 16th century). Onuchins(from the 17th century). Ordyntsevs(from the 16th century). Orinkins(from the 15th century).

Pavlovs(from the XIV century). Pilyemovs(from the 15th century). The Peshkovs(from the 15th century). Petrovo-Solovovo(from the 16th century). The nemyannikovs(from the XIV century). Podolsk(from the 15th century). Pozharsky(from the 16th century). Polataevs (Poletaevs, from the 18th century). Polivanovs(from the XIV century). Poluektovs (Poluekhtovs, from the 15th century). Porous(from the XIV century). Prokudins(from the 15th century). Priklonsky(from the 16th century).

Radilov(from the 16th century). Radishchevs(from the 17th century). Razgildeevs(from the 16th century). Razgozins (Ragozins, from the 16th century). Rastovs(from the 17th century). Rastopchiny(from the 15th century). Rataevs(from the 15th century). Rachmaninovs(from the 15th century). Rezanovs(from the 16th century). Romodanovskie(from the XIV century). Rostopchiny(from the 15th century). Rtishchevs(from the XIV century). Ryazanovs(from the 16th century).

Sabancheevs (Savancheevs, from the 17th century). Sablukovs(from the 17th century). Saburovs(from the XIV century). Savlukovs(from the 15th century). Sadyrevs (Sodyrevs, from the 15th century). Sadykovs(from the 15th century). Sakmyshevs(from the 15th century). Saltanovs(from the 16th century). Saryhozins(from the 15th century). Sverchkovs(from the 15th century). Svistunovs(from the 17th century). Svishtovs(from the 16th century). Seitov(from the 17th century). Selivanovs(from the 15th century). Seliverstovs(from the 15th century). Semevs(from the 16th century). Serkizovs(from the XIV century). Sertyakins(from the 16th century). Scriabin(from the 15th century). Owls(from the 15th century). Soymonovs(from the 16th century). Somov(from the XIV century). Sonins(from the 16th century). Starkovs(from the XIV century). Stroganovs(from the XIV century). Suvorovs(from the 15th century). Suleshevs(from the 16th century). Sunbulovs (Sumbulovs, from the XIV century). Sytiny(from the 15th century). Chests(from the 16th century).

Tagaevs(from the XIV century). Tagaldyevs(from the 16th century). Tairovs(from the 16th century). Taishevs(from the 16th century). Talaevs(from the 16th century). Talychevs(from the 15th century). Taneyevs(from the 16th century). Taptykovs(from the 16th century). Cockroaches(from the 17th century). Tarbeevs(from the 15th century). Tarkhanovs(from the 15th century). Tatarinovs(from the 16th century). Tatishchevs(from the 15th century). Tevkelevs(from the 16th century). Tevyashevs(from the XIV century). Tyeglevs(from the 15th century). Temeevs(from the 16th century). Temirovs(from the 16th century). Teneevy(from the 16th century). Timiryazevs(from the 15th century). Togmachevs(from the 16th century). Tokmakovs(from the 15th century). Toxubins(from the 16th century). Tolbugins (Tolbuzins)(from the XIV century). Tonkachevs(from the 16th century). Tulubeevs(from the 15th century). Tumanskie(from the XIV century). Tumgenevs(from the 16th century). Turandaevs(from the 15th century). Turgenevs(from the 15th century). The Tutaevs(from the 16th century). Tutykhins(from the 15th century).

Uvarovs(from the XIV century). Ulanovs(from the 18th century). Urmanovs(from the 16th century). Urusovs(from the 16th century). Useinovy(from the XIII century). Uteshev(from the 15th century). Ushakovs(from the XIII century).

Fustov(from the 15th century).

Khankildeevs(from the 16th century). Khanykovs(from the 15th century). Khilchevsky(from the 15th century). Khitrov(from the 15th century). Khodyrevs (Khodyrevskys, from the 17th century). The hosts(from the 16th century). Khomyakovs(from the 16th century). Although theintsevs(from the 15th century).

Chaadaevs (Chagadaevs, Chegodaevs, from the 15th century). Chagin(from the 15th century). Chalymovs(from the 16th century). Chebotarevs(from the 15th century). Cheglokovs(from the XIII century). Chekmarevs(from the 17th century). Chelishchevs (Chelyshevs, from the 16th century). Chemesov(from the 16th century). Suitcase(from the 15th century). Chepchugovs(from the 16th century). Cheremisinovs(from the 16th century). Chirikovs(from the XIII century). Choglokovs (Cheglokovs, from the 16th century). Chubarovs(from the 16th century). Churikovs(from the 16th century). Chyuvatov(from the 18th century).

Shadrins(from the 15th century). Shalimovs (from the 16th century). Chamines(from the 15th century). Shamovs(from the 16th century). Shamshevs (Shamshevs, from the 16th century). Sharapovs (Sherapovs, from the 15th century). Shakhmatovs (Shakhmetovs, from the 16th century). Sheydyakovs(from the XIV century). Shimaevs(from the 16th century). Sheremetevs(from the XIII century). Sherefetdinovs(from the 16th century). Shishkins(from the 16th century). Shishmarevs(from the 17th century). Shuklins (Shuklins)(from the 17th century).

Shcherbakovs(from the XIV century).

Yurievs(from the XIII century). Yusupov(from the 16th century). Yushkovs(from the XIV century).

Languages(from the 15th century). Yakubovskie(from the 15th century). Yakushins(from the 16th century). Yamantovs(from the XIV century). Yanbulatov(from the 16th century). Yangalychevs(from the 18th century).

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Probably everyone has heard the saying: "Scratch a Russian - you will find a Tatar!" Russian and Tatar cultures were so closely related to each other that today we sometimes do not even suspect about the Tatar origin of some Russian surnames.

How did Tatar surnames appear in Russia?

Russian surnames of Tatar origin appeared, of course, during the period of the Tatar-Mongol yoke. Then many Tatars served at the court of Ivan the Terrible and other Russian tsars. Many mixed marriages took place between representatives of the Russian and Tatar nobility. As a result, specialists in anthroponymics count over 500 noble and noble surnames, originally of Tatar origin. Among them are the Aksakovs, Alyabyevs, Apraksins, Berdyaevs, Bunins, Bukharins, Godunovs, Gorchakovs, Dashkovs, Derzhavins, Ermolovs, Kadyshevs, Mashkovs, Naryshkins, Ogarevs, Peshkovs, Radishchevs, Rastopchins, Ryazanovs, Timidevs, Ulyazhevs Sheremetevs, Yusupovs and many others.

Examples of the origin of Russian surnames from the Tatars

Take, for example, the name of Anichkov. Its ancestors were from the Horde. The first mentions of them date back to 1495. The ancestors of the Atlasovs bore the common Tatar surname Atlasi. The Kozhevnikovs, according to one version, received this surname not at all from the profession of a tanner, but by their family name, which included the word “khoja” (in Tatar “master”). The representatives of this family were given a new surname after they entered the service of Ivan III in 1509.

The Karamzins descended from the Tatar Kara Murza (which literally means "Black Prince"). The surname itself has been known since the 16th century. At first, its representatives bore the name Karamza, and then turned into the Karamzins. The most famous descendant of this family is the writer, poet and historian N.M. Karamzin.

Types of Tatar surnames in Russia

Most of the Tatar surnames came from the name that was borne by one of the male ancestors in the family. In ancient times, the surname was given by the paternal name, but at the beginning of the 19th century, both children and grandchildren wore the same surname. After the arrival of Soviet power, these names were fixed in official documents and did not change anymore.

Many surnames were given by profession. So, the surname Baksheev came from bakshey (clerk), Karaulov - from "karavil" (guard), Beketov - from "beket" (the so-called teacher of the khan's son), Tukhachevsky - from "tukhachi" (standard-bearer).

The surname Suvorov, which we used to consider Russian, became known in the 15th century. It comes from the profession of a rider (in Tatar - "suvor"). The first who bore this surname was the serviceman Goryain Suvorov, who is mentioned in the annals for 1482. Subsequently, a legend was invented that the ancestor of the Suvorov family was a Swede named Suvore, who settled in Russia in 1622.

But the surname Tatishchev was assigned by the Grand Duke Ivan III to Ivan Shakh's nephew - Prince Solomersky, who was something like an investigator and was distinguished by his ability to quickly identify thieves, who were called "tats" in Tatar.

But much more often the distinctive qualities of their carriers lay at the basis of Tatar surnames. So, the ancestors of the Bazarovs received this nickname, since they were born on market days. The brother-in-law (husband's wife's sister) in Tatar was called "bazha", hence the surname Bazhanov. Respected people Tatars called "Veliamin", so the Russian surname Veliaminov was born, later converted into Velyaminov.

Proud people were called "Bulgaks", hence the surname Bulgakov. Loved ones and lovers were called "daud" or "dawud", later it was transformed into the Davydovs.

The surname Zhdanov became widespread in Russia in the XV-XVII centuries. Presumably it comes from the word "vijdan", which in Tatar meant both passionate lovers and religious fanatics.

The surname Akchurin stands apart. In the Russian version, Tatar surnames usually have the ending -ov (-ev) or -in (-yn). But individual generic names derived from the names of the Tatar Murzas were left unchanged even in the documents: Enikey, Akchurin, Divey. In the surname Akchurin "-in" is not a Russian ending, it is part of an ancient family name. One of the variants of his pronunciation "ak-chura" - "white hero". Among the representatives of the Akchurin family, whose ancestor is considered the Mishar-Mordovian prince Adash, who lived in the 15th century, there were well-known officials, diplomats, and the military.

Of course, it is simply impossible to list all Russian surnames with Tatar roots. To do this, you need to know the etymology of each specific surname.

Most Tatar surnames are a modified form of the name of one of the male ancestors in the family. In more ancient years, it came from the name of the father of the family, but at the beginning of the 19th century, this trend gradually began to change, and with the advent of Soviet power, not only the sons, but also the grandchildren of the eldest in the family was assigned a common surname. In the future, it did not change anymore and all descendants wore it. This practice continues to this day.

The formation of Tatar surnames from professions

The origin of many Tatar surnames (as well as surnames of other peoples) is due to the professions in which their carriers were engaged. So, for example, Urmancheev - urman (forester), Baksheev - bakshi (clerk), Karaulov - karavil (guard), Beketov - beket (educator of the khan's son), Tukhachevsky - tukhachi (standard-bearer), etc. Quite interesting is the origin of the Tatar surnames, which today we consider Russian, for example, "Suvorov" (known since the 15th century).

In 1482, the serviceman Goryain Suvorov, who received his surname from the profession of a rider (suvor), was noted for mentioning him in the annals. In subsequent centuries, when the descendants of the Suvorov family decided to somewhat exalt the origin of their surname, a legend was invented about the Swedish progenitor of the Suvor family, who arrived in Russia in 1622 and settled here.

The surname Tatishchev is of a completely different origin. Her nephew Ivan Shah, Prince Solomersky, who served the Grand Duke Ivan III, was given for his ability to quickly and accurately identify thieves. Thanks to his unique ability, he received the nickname "tatei", from which his famous surname originated.

Adjectives as the basis for the emergence of surnames

But much more often Tatar surnames came from the adjectives with which one or another person was named for his distinctive characteristic qualities or special signs.

So, the surname Bazarovs originated from ancestors born on market days. The surname Bazhanov originated from the brother-in-law - the husband of the wife's sister, who was called "bazha". The friend, who was revered as highly as Allah, was called "Veliamin", and the surname Veliaminov (Velyaminov) derives from this word.

Men who have will, desire, were called Murads, the surname Muradov (Muratov) originated from them; the proud - the Bulgaks (Bulgakov); loved and loving - daud, davud, david (Davydov). Thus, the meaning of Tatar surnames has ancient roots.

In the 15th-17th centuries, the surname Zhdanov was quite widespread in Russia. It is believed that it bears its origin from the word "vijdan", which has two meanings at once. This was the name given to both passionate lovers and religious fanatics. Each of the Zhdanovs can now choose the legend that he likes best.

Differences in the pronunciation of surnames in the Russian and Tatar environment

The Tatar surnames that arose in antiquity have long been adapted in Russian society. Quite often, we do not even know about the true origin of our generic names, considering them to be primordially Russian. There are many examples of this, and there are some pretty funny options. But even those surnames that we consider unchangeable are pronounced with a slight difference in Russian and purely Tatar society. Thus, many Tatar composers, whose names and surnames will be given below, have long been perceived as primordially Russian. As well as actors, TV presenters, singers, musicians.

The Russian ending of Tatar surnames -in, -ov, -ev and others is often smoothed out in the Tatar environment. For example, Zalilov is pronounced as Zalil, Tukaev - as Tukai, Arakcheev - Arakchi. In official papers, as a rule, the ending is used. The only exceptions are the surnames of individual Misharsk clans and Tatar Murzas, since they differ somewhat from the usual Tatar generic names. The reason for this is the formation of a surname from those names that have not been found in widespread use for a long time or have been completely forgotten: Enikey, Akchurin, Divey. In the surname Akchurin "-in" is not an ending, but a part of an ancient name, which could also have several pronunciation options.

Tatar names of boys that appeared at different times

on the pages of ancient documents, children have not been called them for a long time. Many of them are of Arab, Persian, Iranian, Turkic origin. Some Tatar names and surnames consist of several words at once. Their interpretation is rather complicated and not always explained correctly.

Old names that have not been called for a long time in the Tatar environment of boys:

Babek - baby, toddler, small child;
Babajan is a respected, respectable person;
Bagdasar - light, a bouquet of rays;
Badak is highly educated;
Baibek is a powerful bey (lord);
Sagaidak - striking enemies like an arrow;
Suleiman - healthy, lively, prosperous, living in peace;
Magdanur - the source of rays, light;
Magdi - leading people along the path destined by Allah;
Zakariya - always remembering Allah, a real man;
Zarif - delicate, amiable, pleasant, beautiful;
Fagil - hard-working, doing something, diligent;
Satlyk is a purchased child. This name has a long-standing ritual meaning. After the birth of a child, to protect him from dark forces, he was given to relatives or friends for some time, and then “ransomed” for money, while the child was named Satlyk.

Modern Tatar names are nothing more than a Europeanized type of names formed in the 17th-19th centuries. Among them are Ayrat, Albert, Akhmet, Bakhtiyar, Damir, Zufar, Ildar, Ibrahim, Iskander, Ilyas, Kamil, Karim, Muslim, Ravil, Ramil, Raphael, Raphael, Renat, Said, Timur, Fuat, Hasan, Shamil, Shafkat, Edward, Eldar, Yusup and many others.

Ancient and modern girl names

Perhaps, in remote Tatar villages, you can still find girls named Zulfinur, Khadiya, Naubukhar, Nurinisa, Maryam, but in recent decades, women’s names have become more familiar to Europeans, as they are stylized like them. Here are just a few of them:

Aigul - moon flower;
Alsou - rose water;
Albina is white-faced;
Amina is gentle, loyal, honest. Amina was the name of the mother of the Prophet Muhammad;
Bella is beautiful;
Gaul - in a high position;
Guzel is very beautiful, dazzling;
Dilara - pleasing to the heart;
Zaynap - stout, full build;
Zulfira - superior;
Zulfiya - charming, beautiful;
Ilnara - the flame of the country, the fire of the people;
Ilfira is the pride of the country;
Kadriya is worthy of respect;
Karima is generous;
Leila - dark-haired;
Leysan is generous;
Naila - reaching the goal;
Nuria - light, radiant;
Raila is the founder;
Raisa is the leader;
Regina is the king's wife, queen;
Roxana - illuminating with bright light;
Faina - shining;
Chulpan is the morning star;
Elvira - protecting, protecting;
Elmira is conscientious and famous.

Famous and widespread Russian surnames of Tatar origin

Mostly Russian surnames appeared during the years of the conquest of Rus by the Mongol-Tatars and after the expulsion of the nomads far beyond the Slavic lands by the united Russian-Lithuanian army. Anthroponymic specialists count over five hundred surnames of noble and well-born Russians of Tatar origin. There is a long and sometimes beautiful story behind almost each of them. Basically, this list includes princely, boyar, and county names:

Abdulovs, Aksakovs, Alabins, Almazovs, Alyabyevs, Anichkovs, Apraksins, Arakcheevs, Arsenievs, Atlasovs;
Bazhanovs, Bazarovs, Baikovs, Baksheevs, Barsukovs, Bakhtiyarovs, Bayushevs, Beketovs, Bulatovs, Bulgakovs;
Velyaminovs;
Gireevs, Gogol, Gorchakovs;
Davydovs;
Zhdanovs;
Teeth;
Izmailovs;
Kadyshevs, Kalitins, Karamzins, Karaulovs, Karachinsky, Kartmazovs, Kozhevnikovs (Kozhaevs), Kononovs, Kurbatovs;
The Lachinovs;
Mashkovs, Minins, Muratovs;
Naryshkins, Novokreschenovs;
Ogarev;
Peshkovs, Plemyannikovs;
Radishchevs, Rostopchins, Ryazanovs;
Saltanovs, Svistunovs, Suvorovs;
Tarkhanovs, Tatishchevs, Timiryazevs, Tokmakovs, Turgenevs, Tukhachevs;
Uvarovs, Ulanovs, Ushakovs;
Khitrovs, Khrushchovs;
Chaadaevs, Chekmarevs, Chemesovs;
Sharapovs, Sheremetevs, Shishkins;
Shcherbakovs;
Yusupovs;
Yaushevs.

For example, the first descendants of the Anichkovs were from the Horde. Mention of them is dated 1495 and are related to Novgorod. The Atlasovs got their surname from a fairly common typical Tatar surname - Atlasi. The Kozhevnikovs began to be called so after they entered the service of Ivan III in 1509. It is not known for certain what their family name was before, but it is assumed that their surname included the word "khoja", which meant "lord".

The Tatar surnames listed above, considered as Russian, but by origin, the list of which is far from complete, are generally well known to the current generation. They were glorified by great writers, actors, politicians, military leaders. They are considered Russian, but their ancestors were Tatars. The great culture of their people was glorified by completely different people. Among them there are famous writers who are worth talking about in more detail.

The most famous of them:

Abdurakhman Absalyamov - writer and prose writer of the XX century. His essays, stories, novels "Golden Star", "Gazinur", "Inextinguishable Fire" were published in both Tatar and Russian. Absalyamov translated into Russian "Spring on the Oder" by Kazakevich, "Young Guard" by Fadeev. He translated not only Russian writers, but also Jack London, Guy de Maupassant.
Fathi Burnash, whose real name and surname Fatkhelislam Burnashev is a poet, prose writer , translator, publicist, theater worker. The author of many dramatic and lyrical works that have enriched both Tatar fiction and theater.
Karim Tinchurin, in addition to being famous as a writer, he is also an actor and playwright, is listed among the founders of the professional Tatar theater.
Gabdulla Tukai is the most beloved and revered poet, publicist, public figure and literary critic among the people.
Gabdulgaziz Munasypov - writer and poet.
Mirkhaidar Faizullin - poet, playwright, publicist, compiler of a collection of folk songs.
Zahir (Zagir) Yarulla ugyly is a writer, the founder of Tatar realistic prose, a public and religious figure.
Rizaitdin Fakhretdinov is both a Tatar and a scientist, religious figure. In his works, he repeatedly raised the problem of female emancipation, was a supporter of introducing his people to European culture.
Sharif Baygildiev, who took the pseudonym Kamal, is a writer, an outstanding playwright and translator, who was the first to translate Virgin Land Upturned into Tatar.
Kamal Galiaskar, whose real name is Galiaskar Kamaletdinov, was a true classic of Tatar drama.
Yavdat Ilyasov wrote about the ancient and medieval history of Central Asia.

Naki Isanbet, Ibrahim Gazi, Salikh Battalov, Ayaz Gilyazov, Amirkhan Yeniki, Atilla Rasikh, Angam Atnabaev, Shaikhi Mannur, Shaikhelislam Mannurov, Garifzyan Akhunov also glorified the Tatar surnames and left their greatest mark in their native literature. Among them there is a woman - Fauzia Bayramova - a writer, a prominent political figure, a human rights activist. The famous Henryk Sienkiewicz, who came from the Polish-Lithuanian Tatars, can also be added to this list.

Tatar writers, whose names and surnames are given above, lived and worked in Soviet times, but modern Tatarstan also has someone to be proud of.

Writers of Tatarstan of a later period

Undoubtedly, Shaukat Galliev earned the greatest fame among his compatriots for his high writing talent. The real surname of the writer is Idiyatullin, he took his pseudonym on behalf of his father. Galliev is an outstanding son of his generation, the brightest representative of Tatar writers of the second half of the 20th century.

Raul Mir-Khaidarov, who received high recognition in the Soviet and then Russian years, is also worthy of all the respect of the Tatar people. Like Rinat Mukhamadiev and Kavi Najmi.

Let us recall some more names and surnames of Tatar writers known outside the republic: Razil Valeev, Zarif Bashiri, Vakhit Imamov, Rafkat Karami, Gafur Kulakhmetov, Mirsai Amir, Foat Sadriev, Khamit Samikhov, Ildar Yuzeev, Yunus Mirgaziyan.

So, from 1981 to 1986 he headed the board of the Union of Writers of the USSR, from 1981 to the present - a member of the board of the Union of Writers of Tatarstan. And Foat Sadriev is the author of about twenty plays for the theater, a member of the Writers' Union. His works have long been of interest to Tatar and Russian theatrical figures.

Great Tatar composers and artists

Outstanding Tatar writers, whose names and surnames are highly valued by enlightened minds throughout the post-Soviet space, undoubtedly did their best to exalt the glory of their people, as well as the outstanding world-famous violinist Alina Ibragimova, and many famous athletes: football players, hockey players, basketball players , fighters. Millions are heard and watched by their performance. But after a while, their traces will be erased by new idols who have replaced them, who will be applauded by halls and tribunes, while writers, as well as composers, artists, sculptors have left their mark for centuries.

Talented Tatar artists left their legacy for posterity in their canvases. The names and surnames of many of them are known both in their native land and in the Russian Federation. It is enough to recall only Harris Yusupov, Lyutfulla Fattakhov, Baki Urmanche, so that true lovers and connoisseurs of modern painting understand who they are.

Famous Tatar composers are also worthy of a mention by name. Such as Farid Yarullin, who died at the front in the Great Patriotic War, the author of the famous ballet "Shurale", in which the incomparable Maya Plisetskaya danced; Nazib Zhiganov, who received the honorary title of People's Artist of the USSR back in 1957; Latyf Khamidi, among whose works there are opera, waltzes, favorite among the people; Enver Bakirov; Salikh Saydashev; Aydar Gainullin; Sonia Gubaidullina, who wrote music for the cartoon "Mowgli", 25 films, including "Scarecrow" by Rolan Bykov. These composers have glorified Tatar surnames all over the world.

Famous contemporaries

Almost every Russian knows Tatar surnames, the list of which includes Baria Alibasov, Yuri Shevchuk, Dmitry Malikov, Sergei Shokurov, Marat Basharov, Chulpan Khamatova, Zemfira, Alsu, Timati, whose real name is Timur Yunusov. Among singers, musicians, cultural figures, they will never get lost, and they all have Tatar roots.

The land of Tatarstan is also rich in outstanding athletes, whose names there is no way to list, there are so many of them. What kinds of sports they represent, it was mentioned above. Each of them glorified not only the name of their family, but also their entire region with its ancient history. Many of them also have very beautiful Tatar surnames - Nigmatullin, Izmailov, Zaripov, Bilyaletdinov, Yakupov, Dasaev, Safin. For each not only the talent of its bearer, but also an interesting story of origin.

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Tatar surnames. Meaning of Tatar surnames

ABASHEV. In the nobility since 1615. From Abash Ulan - the governor of the Kazan Khan, who in 1499 switched to the Russian service. In 1540 the Abashevs Alyosha, Chulok, Bashmak were mentioned as residents of Tver, in 1608 Abashev Avtal Cheremisin was noted in the Cheboksary district, the surname comes from the Tatar aba "uncle from the paternal line", abas "uncle". Subsequently, famous scientists, military men, doctors.

ABDULOV. A common surname from the Muslim name Abdullah "Servant of God; Servant of Allah". It was widely used by the citizens of Kazan; for example, the Kazan king Abdul-Letif, in 1502 was captured and Kashira was assigned to him as an inheritance. Subsequently, the Abdulovs were the famous surname of nobles, scientists, artists, etc.

ABDULOV. Landowners from the 18th century; maybe from the Turkic-Mongolian avdyl "changeable person". See in this connection the name of the Golden Horde king Avdul, known in the 1360s.

AGDAVLETOV. Noblemen from the 17th century. From the Golden Horde, cf .: Turkic-Arabic. akdavlet "white wealth".

AGISHEVS. Noblemen from the 17th century. From Agish Alexei Kaliteevsky from Kazan, in 1550 mentioned in Pskov; in the first half of the 16th century, Agish Gryaznoy was an ambassador to Turkey and the Crimea, in 1667 Agish Fedor was a messenger to England and Holland.

ADASHEVS. Noblemen from the 16th century. From Prince Adash, in the middle of the 15th century, was placed from Kazan in Poshekhonye. In 1510, Grigory Ivanovich Adash-Olgov was mentioned in Kostroma, from whom, according to S.B. Veselovsky, the Adashevs went. In the first half and middle of the 16th century, the Adashevs - active military and diplomats of Ivan IV, were executed by him in 1561 and 1563, respectively. They had estates in the vicinity of Kolomna and Pereyaslavl. Türko-Tatar adash means "tribesman", "companion". Known under the year 1382 Adash - Tokhtamysh's ambassador to Russia.

Azancheevs. Noblemen from the 18th century. Judging by the surname, the Volga-Tatar origin, cf. Tatar-Muslim. azanchi, that is, "muezzin".

AZANCHEEVSKY. Nobles from the 18th century, through the Polish gentry, from the azanchi (see 7). Composers, revolutionaries. ...

AIPOVA. From Ismail Aipov from Kazan, granted by the nobility in 1557.

AIDAROVS. Servants: Aidarov U raz, nobleman since 1578, estate in Kolomna; Aydarov Mina Saltanovich - since 1579, an estate in Ryazhsk. Perhaps from Aidar, a Bulgaro-Horde prince who entered the Russian service in 1430. Aydar is a typically Bulgar-Muslim name meaning "happily in power". From the Russified environment of the Aidarovs, engineers, scientists, and the military are known.

AYTEMIROV. Servants from the middle of the 17th century: Ivan Aitemirov - clerk in Moscow in 1660, in Verkhoturye in 1661-1662; Vasily Aytemirov - ambassador to Poland in 1696, in 1696-1700 - clerk of the Siberian Order

AKISHEVS. Servants from the middle of the 17th century: Gryaznoy Akishev - clerk in Moscow in 1637, clerk in 1648. See also Agishevs. The surname is transparently Turkic-Tatar - from Akish, Agish.

AKSAKOV. In the middle of the 15th century, Aksakov gave the village of Aksakov on the river. Klyazma, at the end of the 15th century "were placed in Novgorod". These Aksakovs are from Ivan Aksak, great-great-grandson of Yuri Grunk, and the thousandth Ivan Kalita. According to the Velvet Book, Ivan Fedorov, nicknamed "Oksak", was the son of Velyamin, who left the Horde. The Aksakovs were in Lithuania, where they appeared at the end of the XIV century. The Aksakovs are writers, publicists, scientists. In kinship with the Vorontsovs, Velyaminovs. From the Türko-Tatar aksak, oksak "lame".

AKCHURINS. Misharsko-Mordovian prince Adash in the 15th century, the ancestor of the Murzas and nobles of the Akchurins. In the XVII - XVIII centuries - famous officials, diplomats, military. The surname is from the Turkic-Bulgar ak chura "white hero".

ALABERDIEVS. From Alaberdiev, baptized under the name of Yakov in 1600, and placed in Novgorod. From the Volga-Tatar Alla Birde "God gave".

ALABINS. Noblemen since 1636. In the ХУ1-ХУП centuries they had estates near Ryazan (for example, the village of Alabino in Kamensky Stan - Veselovsky 1974, p. 11). According to N.A. Baskakov, from the Tatar-Bashkir. alaba "awarded", "granted". Subsequently, scientists, military men, the famous Samara governor.

ALABYSHEVS. A very old surname. Prince of Yaroslavl Fyodor Fyodorovich Ala-bysh is mentioned under 1428. According to N.A.Baskakov, the surname comes from the Tatar ala bash "motley head".

ALAEVS. In the 16th and early 17th centuries, several servicemen with this surname are mentioned. According to N.A. Baskakov, of Turkic-Tatar origin: Alai-Chelyshev, Alai-Lvov, Alai-Mikhalkov, received an estate near Periaslavl in 4574.

ALALYKINS. Ivan An-bayev, son of Alalykin, in 1528 "according to the letters of the sovereigns" had estates. Alalykin Temir in 1572, already in the Russian service, took prisoner Divey, a relative of the Crimean tsar De-vlet-Girey, for which he received estates in the Suzdadi and Kostroma districts. The names and surnames mentioned Alalykin, Temir are clearly of Türko-Tatar origin.

ALACHEVS. Mentioned in Moscow as noblemen since 1640. Natives of the Kazan Tatars around the middle of the 16th century. The surname from the Bulgaro-Tatar word "alacha" - pestryad.

ALASHEEVS. Noblemen from the middle of the 16th century: Yakov Timofeevich Alasheev, newly baptized. The estates in the vicinity of Kashira, where people from Kazan were usually accommodated. The surname from the Türko-Tatar alash is "horse".

Aleeva. Mentioned as nobles at the end of the 16th century as natives of the Meshcheryaks, i.e. Tatars-Mishars: Vladimir Nagaev, son of Aleev, in 1580 was recorded among the ten Meshcherians, children of the boyars, as was Koverya Nikitich Aleev in Meshchera and Kasimov under 1590. N.A. Baskakov considers them to be from the Turkic environment.

DIAMONDS. As evidenced by the UGDR, the surname comes from the Duma clerk Almaz Ivanov's son, a Kazan native, named Erofei by baptism, to whom a local salary was allocated in 1638. In 1653 he was the Duma clerk and printer of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. Among the Volga Tatars, the name Almaz - Almas roughly corresponds to the concept of "will not touch", "will not take". In this sense, it is close to the word olemas, which could form the similar surname of the Alemasovs.

ALPAROVS. From the Bulgaro-Tatar alt ir - ar, which, along with the spread of a similar surname among the Kazan Tatars, may testify to the Turkic-Bulgar origin of its Russian version.

ALTYKULACHEVICH. Under 1371, the boyar Sofoniy Altykulachevich is known, who entered the Russian service from the Volga Tatars and was baptized. The Türko-Tatar basis of the surname is clear: alty kul "six slaves" or "six hands".

ALTYSHEVS. Noblemen from the 18th century. From Abdrein Useinov Altyshev, a native of Kazan, who participated in the Persian campaign of Peter I in 1722, and then often visited the embassies in Persia and Crimea.

ALYMOV. Noblemen since 1623. From Alymov Ivan Oblaz, who in the first half of the 16th century owned land near Ryazan and Aleksin. Alim - Alym and Oblaz are names of Turkic origin. Alymovs in the XIX - XX centuries. - scientists, military, statesmen.

ALYABIEVA. From Alexander Alyabyev, who entered the Russian service in the 16th century; from Mikhail Olebey, who entered the Russian service in 1500. Ali-bei is the elder bey. The descendants of the military, officials, including the famous composer and contemporary of A.S. Pushkin - A.A. Alyabyev.

AMINEVS. Noblemen in the ХУ1-ХУИ centuries: Aminevs Barsuk, Ruslan, Arslan, estates near Kostroma and Moscow. These Aminevs are from the messenger - the kilichi Amin, who served in 1349 with the Grand Duke Semyon the Proud. The second version - the tenth knee from the legendary Radshi - Ivan Yuryevich nicknamed "Amen ?. The Türkic origin is confirmed by the names: Amen, Ruslan, Arslan. The well-known Turkish-Swedish surname" Aminof "is associated with them.

The AMIROVs were marked in 1847 by the Amirovs as a Russified surname; first mentioned from 1529-30: Vasil Amirov - clerk of the Local Order; Grigory Amirov - in 1620-21 - patrol of the palace villages of the Kazan district, like Yuri Amirov in 1617-19; Markel Amirov - clerk in 1622-1627 in Arzamas; Ivan Amirov - in 1638-1676 - a messenger to Denmark, Holland and Livonia. The origin of the surname is assumed to be from the Turkic-Arab. amir - emir "prince, general". The prevalence of the surname among the Kazan Tatars also indicates the Kazan output of the Russian surname.

ANICHKOVA. Supposed to have originated from the Horde in the 14th century. The Anichkovs Blokha and Gleb are mentioned under 1495 in Novgorod. Arab-Turkic. anis - anich "friend". Subsequently, scientists, publicists, doctors, military.

APPAKOV. The Crimean-Kazan Murza Appak entered the Russian service in 1519. Perhaps the origin of the surname from Kazan. Tatar. ap-ak "completely white".

APRAXINS. From Andrei Ivanovich Apraks, the great-grandson of Solokhmir, who passed from the Golden Horde to Olga Ryazansky in 1371. In the XV-XVI centuries. The Apraksins allocated estates near Ryazan. In the years 1610-1637. Fyodor Apraksin served as a clerk of the Order of the Kazan Palace. In kinship with the boyars Khitrovs, Khanykovs, Kryukovs, Verdernikovs, he cites three versions of the Turkic origin of the nickname Apraks: 1. "quiet", "calm"; 2. "shaggy", "toothless"; 3 "boast". In the history of Russia, they are known as associates of Peter I, generals, governors.

APSEITOV. Most likely, they came from Kazan in the middle of the 16th century. Granted estates in 1667. Surname from the Arab-Turkic Abu Seit "father of the leader".

ARAKCHEEVS. From Arak-chey Evstafiev, a baptized Tatar, who switched to the Russian service in the middle of the 15th century and became a clerk of Vasily II. Formed from the Kazan-Tatars. The nicknames of the arakychi are "moonshiner, drunkard". In the ХУШ-Х1Х centuries. temporary worker of Alexander I, count, estates near Tver.

ARAPOV. Granted to the nobility in 1628. From Arap Begichev, placed in Ryazan in 1569. Later, in the 17th century, Khabar Arapov was known with his estate in Murom. Judging by the names and surnames, as well as by the accommodation, most likely they are from Kazan. The descendants of the military, penziak writers.

ARDASHEVS. Noblemen from the 17th century. From Ardash - a native of Kazan, an estate in the Nizhny Novgorod province. The offspring are relatives of the Ulyanovs, scientists.

ARSENIEV. Noblemen from the 16th century. From Arseny, son of Oslan Murza, who went to Dmitry Donskoy. Upon baptism, Arseny Lev Procopius. Estate in the Kostroma region. The descendants are friends of A.S. Pushkin.

ARTAKOV. Noblemen from the 17th century. Artykov Sulesh Semyonovich was marked as a rifleman's head in 1573 in Novgorod. From Turkic. artyk - extra artyk.

ARTYUKHOV. Noblemen since 1687. From artyk - artyuk - artyuk.

ARKHAROVS. Noblemen since 1617. From Arkharov Karaul Rudin and his son Saltan, who left Kazan, were baptized in 1556 and received an estate near Kashira. In the descendants - military, scientists.

ASLANOVICHEV. In the Polish gentry and nobility in 1763, one of them was then awarded the rank of Royal Secretary. From the Türko-Tatar aslan - arslan.

ASMANOV. Vasily Asmanov is a boyar's son. Mentioned in Novgorod in the 15th century. Judging by the surname (the basis is the Turkic-Muslim Usman, Gosman "chiropractor" - see: Gafurov, 1987, p. 197), the Turkic output.

ATLASOV. Noblemen from the end of the 17th century, estates in the Ustyug area. Natives of Kazan in Ustyug. Atlasi is a typical Kazan Tatar surname. Atlasov Vladimir Vasilyevich in the XUP-early XVIII centuries - the conqueror of Kamchatka.

Akhmatov. Noblemen since 1582. Most likely, they came from Kazan, because under 1554 was marked near Kashira by Fyodor Nikulich Akhmatov. Akhmat is a typical Türko-Tatar name. Even under 1283, the Besermyan Akhmat is mentioned, who bought the Basque people on the Kursk land. Akhmatovs in the ХУШ-Х1Х centuries - military, sailors, prosecutor of the Synod.

AKHMETOVS. Noblemen since 1582, clerks in the 16th - 17th centuries, merchants and industrialists in the 18th and 20th centuries. ... At the heart of the Arab-Muslim word Ah-met - Ahmad - Akhmat "praised".

AKHMYLOVS. Noblemen from the 16th century. Fyodor Akhmil - in 1332 a mayor in Novgorod, and Andrei Semyonovich Akhmylov in 1553 - in Ryazan. Judging by their placement in Novgorod and Ryazan, the Akhmylrvas are Bulgaro-Kazan natives. Under 1318 and 1322 the Golden Horde ambassador Akhmil to Russia is known; possibly a Bulgarin who knew Russian well. language
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Round table "BUSINESS Online": Tatar murzas and their role in the formation of national identity

Today, the question of the formation of new elites in society is acute: what is the new Tatar elite, is it there? And how should it react to the issues of our time, to the challenges facing the Tatar nation, including those related to the problem of the loss of the Tatar language? Representatives of the ancient Tatar families - Murza from Kazan and Ufa were looking for answers to these and other questions in the editorial office of "BUSINESS Online".

Roundtable participants:

Bulat Yaushev- the leader of the meeting of the Tatar Murzas of the Republic of Tatarstan;

Alexey von Essen- the leader of the noble assembly of the Republic of Tatarstan;

Rashid Gallam- Candidate of Historical Sciences, former researcher at the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan;

Gali Enikeev- independent historian, lawyer (Ufa);

Nail Chanyshev- a member of the Tatar noble assembly of the Republic of Belarus, a reserve officer (Ufa);

Farhad Gumarov- Candidate of Historical Sciences, head of the discussion club "Greater Eurasia";

Gadel Safin- Head of an IT company.

Moderators:

Farit Urazaev- Candidate of Historical Sciences, member of the collection of Tatar Murzas of the Republic of Tatarstan;

Ruslan Aisin- political scientist.

"THIS WAS AN ERA WHEN THE CONCEPT OF ELITE WAS OVERCOMED FROM FEET TO HEAD"

Who can be considered the elite of the Tatar society today? The answer to this question was sought by representatives of the Tatar nobility - Murza - at the round table "Tatar Murza and their historical role in the formation of national identity", this was the topic of the meeting in the editorial office of "BUSINESS Online". “Today there is an acute issue of forming new elites in our society. We lived in the big Russian state after the revolution for 100 years, and this was an era when the concept of elites was turned upside down: everything in society was mixed up, confused. And this had a detrimental effect on the state of the entire society, its socio-economic and political development, "- the leader of the meeting of Tatar murzas of the Republic of Tatarstan began the round table Bulat Yaushev.

Bulat Yaushev: “We lived in a big Russian state after the revolution for 100 years, and this was an era when the concept of elites was turned upside down”

At the same time, a representative of the oldest Tatar family added that there is a natural history, an understanding of what the elite of society is and how they should be formed correctly. “There are many examples of this concept from different countries and peoples, even there are mathematical theories that describe the process of the formation of elites. These historical laws cannot be violated, they inevitably make themselves felt. Today we would like these correct scientifically grounded processes to be born again and lead to our society returning to healthy, natural development, ”he said.

Rashid Gallyam: "The subject of murz is the most important layer of the history of the Tatar people and, at the same time, the history of Russia as a whole"

Candidate of Historical Sciences Rashid Gallam gave a short description of the concept of "murza". “The subject of murz is the most important layer of the history of the Tatar people and, at the same time, the history of Russia as a whole. The term "murza" means "son of the emir" - a member of the ruling dynasty. Among the Tatars, it was used in several versions, depending on the dialect - Morza, Mirza and Myrza, ”the scientist noted. This term, according to Gallam, was brought into the Golden Horde from Persia. "Murza is a large feudal lord, landowner, head of a clan, horde," he clarified and gave the names of all well-known Murza: this is the leader Idegei, Yusuf(the famous Russian noble family of the Yusupovs went from Yusuf Murza - approx. ed.) and his sibling Ismagil- the queen's father Syuyumbike... “Later this status was leveled. In 1713, under Peter I, during the Christianization of the Tatars, the Murzes were ordered to be baptized; if they refused, then their lands were taken away from them and transferred to the Russian feudal lords. At this time, many murzas were transferred to the tax-paying estate, although some of the murzas retained their title and some privileges. They were included in the nobility already at the time of Catherine II. Since then, some of the former Murzas have entered the nobility, and some have gone into trade. Famous mullahs, benefactors, industrialists and so on came from among the Murzas. The next stage begins in the Soviet and modern era, when the title “Murza” has a purely nominal meaning, a certain code of prestige, but does not carry a real social burden, ”the historian recalled. At the same time, the round table participants noted that "half of the noble families of Russia bore Tatar surnames."

“Adapting to persecution, many murzas became priests, imams, muftis, since they could not be baptized,” the moderator of the round table emphasized. Farit Urazaev... “Both in the Russian Empire and in Soviet times, people from these clans reached very serious heights, although the Soviet system harshly persecuted and repressed them. But many childbirth in Soviet times took place and kept this code. For example, more than 200 candidates and doctors of sciences came from the Chanyshev family. Phenomenal phenomenon! There is also the village of Tatar Kargaly in Bashkortostan, 250 outstanding personalities have emerged from it: composers, writers, artists, scientists, military men. This phenomenon has not yet been studied, ”added Urazaev and handed the floor over to the representative of the Chanyshev family. Nail Chanyshev from Ufa.

The former military man spoke about the history of his kind, from which, as Urazaev already noted, more than 200 scientists came out, as well as about their contribution to the development of Tatar society. In particular, Shaikhilislam Chanyshev took an active part in the public life of the Tatars of Moscow, with his direct participation, the Asadullaev House was returned to the Tatar public, now the Tatar cultural center of Moscow is located there. And the lieutenant colonel Shagiakhmet Rakhmetullin son of Chanyshev awarded the medal "For the capture of Paris" in the wars of 1812-1815. "The Chanyshevs, like many others, unlike the clan of the richest family of the Russian Empire, the Yusupovs, refused to be baptized, as a result of which they lost their estates, carried state duties, were subject to a capitation salary and lost their previous status and title, after which they moved to the Ufa province." , - said Chanyshev.

Gali Enikeev: "History is a part of ideology, it forms a worldview"

"ROMANO-GERMAN IGO ESTABLISHED IN RUSSIA"

Due to the fact that most of the ancient archives of Muslims have survived in Ufa, in 1993 Garden by Murza Yenikeev the Tatar noble assembly of the Republic of Bashkortostan was created for the first time. Since 1997, a regular newspaper "Dvoryanskiy Vestnik" ("Morzalar Khabarchese") has been published . Later in Kazan, in 2006, the "Collection of Tatar Murzas of the Republic of Tatarstan" ("Mejlis of Tatar Murzas") was registered .

“The organization began its work by studying the history of ancient families and clans. Murza have always been the most educated class and bearers of traditions and advanced knowledge. This has left its mark on many generations. An example of the Chanyshev family is striking, but not the only one; in many genera we observe similar manifestations. Studying the history of our families, our clans, we delve into the study of the history of the entire Tatar people - we find various documents in the archives. I would like the view of the modern generation to be directed deeper into its history. This is sorely lacking in modern life. Knowledge of the history of their people and their ancestors forms the national identity and self-identification of the individual. National identity, in turn, creates motivation to preserve the native language and culture. This direction in our activity is the most important, and we are trying to connect the younger generation to the knowledge of the real history of the Tatars, "said the leader of the meeting of Tatar Murzas of the Republic of Tatarstan Bulat Yaushev.

Gali Enikeev, another representative of the ancient Tatar family, a lawyer by profession, has written five books about the history of the Tatars ("The Crown of the Horde Empire", "Genghis Khan and the Tatars: Myths and Reality", "Legacy of the Tatars" and others), the sixth is being prepared. “I read the history of the USSR, translated from Russian into Tatar, completely in the 4th grade. History is a part of ideology, it shapes the worldview, ”he explained his interest. Even then, I had many questions about this story.

Murza and scientists noted the importance of studying the objective history of the Tatar people. So, the head of the discussion club "Greater Eurasia" in the Republic of Tatarstan, candidate of historical sciences Farhad Gumarov told how the Tatar Murzas and Eurasianism are connected as a specific concept. “The Golden Horde civilization played an important role in the fate of many peoples on the territory of Eurasia. However, its role was subsequently distorted. Since the time of Peter I, foreigners from Western Europe or their supporters have gradually begun to occupy important posts in the state. Both Klyuchevsky and Lomonosov spoke about this. According to one of the founders of the theory of Eurasianism, Trubetskoy, a Romano-Germanic yoke was established in Russia. And so, over time, they began to unfairly describe the Golden Horde heritage of Muscovy as a time of savagery and robbery, given that more than half of the noble families were associated with the Tatar murzas. And it was the Eurasians who were the first to question whether the history of Russia, written by Europeans, is true. And on the basis of a scientific base, they came to the conclusion that the Türks-Tatars acted in the Eurasian expanses as the leading state-forming nation and the keeper of the Eurasian traditions, ”he noted.

At the same time, all the participants in the round table agreed that representatives of some well-known Tatar families need to get away from the scale of microhistory, when the Murzas study only the histories of their surnames and go beyond these limits. "The history of the Murz is not generalized, there are separate articles by individual scientists, there are books on individual genera, but there is no generalizing work, there is still no fundamental book," Galli expressed his concern at the same time. At the same time, Urazaev added that the process of mobilization of Tatar murzas and scientists is underway in order to hold an international scientific and practical conference dedicated to the history of Tatar murzas and nobles.

"IF SOMEONE SOLVES THIS PROBLEM, HE WILL BE A REAL MURZA, A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE NATIONAL ELITE"

The participants of the round table did not pass by the topic of studying the Tatar language in schools, which is vital for everyone today. “What is the elite now? And how should the new Tatar elite react to the challenges facing the Tatar nation, including those related to the problem of the loss of the Tatar language. What is the new Tatar elite, is it there? If not, what should it be and how should it react to the issues of our time? " - asked another round table moderator, political scientist Ruslan Aisin... “The topic“ Tatar murzas and their historical role in the formation of national identity ”, in my opinion, is a very important defining topic, because what is a“ nation ”? A nation is, first of all, self-determination of itself. It must be understood that the mass of the people, the mass of the people, is not a collective mind. The nation is made by a few - just the representatives of the elite. It so happened historically that these elites, who made a nation out of the Tatars - an imperial nation, an advanced nation, which not only seized, as they said here, Eurasian territories, but reached Egypt, were made by the rulers of Egypt, the Mamluks ( Turks Kipchaks — approx. ed.). Therefore, we must say that we are crossing even these boundaries, because, being a nomadic civilization, we have no horizon, we are crossing the horizon. It is very important that it was the Murza who acted as the elite and the factor that built this pyramid of nation-building. Today, now, unfortunately, this topic is leaving, because we do not know our roots, our history, ”he said.

“For me it was a painful topic all my life, because if a people does not have a language, they lose their face as a people. Why does this question offend everyone, because until the age of 17 I talked with my grandmother, and then I did not have the opportunity to practice and continue to learn the Tatar language. I believe that all efforts should be devoted to improving material well-being or solving some technical problem, but not forgetting about the search for new methods, forms, and they are there to raise the Tatar language to that level so that a person can think and speak in his native language. language. A person who will know two languages - Russian and Tatar - perfectly, will discover great opportunities for himself in the future in shaping the Eurasian worldview. If someone solves this problem, he will be a real murza. And if we make language secondary, then this is quiet assimilation, the same as Christianization, - Chanyshev supported the language theme and cited the Yusupov family as an example. "If you love money, convert to Christianity."

“Language is not just a linguistic construction, it is a style of thinking. Speakers of different languages formulate and structure their thoughts in different ways. This side of the language is the defining cultural portrait of the nation. The language must be preserved, because it is the property of our culture, because it is the method and style of our national thinking. If we lose it, we will lose our uniqueness. What is connected with the current language situation: external forces are trying to systematically make us an object of manipulation, and we all feel the pressure of this manipulation since childhood. In this case, the distorted perception of history from school textbooks is of decisive importance. An example is the history of the Golden Horde, the history of the so-called Tatar-Mongol yoke. This is, to put it mildly, not true. "Black legend", as Lev Gumilyov said. And this untruth, embedded in the consciousness of the majority of the population since school, is the basis of interfaith and interethnic conflict. We want to get away from him, but we just can't, consciousness keeps us, because it was formed from childhood. And now one of the most important tasks for all of us and the thinking part of our society is to start studying real history. Back to historical facts, books written by serious independent researchers. If we come to this, we will understand that there is no confrontation between the nations inhabiting the Russian Federation, we all have lived here for centuries, we must be friends and cooperate, as we have cooperated since ancient times. And in principle, there shouldn't be any problems. Russians should respect the fact that Tatars and other peoples know their language and history, and Tatars should watch with satisfaction how the Russian nation develops, flourishes and improves. After all, we live in a country that was jointly built by our ancestors, "added the leader of the meeting of Tatar murzas of the Republic of Tatarstan Yaushev.

And the moderator of the round table Urazaev, in order to draw closer attention of the participants of the round table, focused on the sad statistics. Since the 90s, after the collapse of the Soviet empire, the Russian people are basically experiencing a deep depression: in one day, 25 million Russians were left outside their homeland and do not want to go back; demographic indicators over the past 25 years record population decline; every year hundreds of villages disappear from the map of the country, lands are devastated, especially in central Russia and the Far East; in recent years, about 20 million people have appeared in Russia living below the poverty line; an increase in the retirement age and an outflow of young people with higher education from Russia (about 30%) to different countries can dramatically worsen the socio-economic situation of the population.

At the same time, in the Baltic countries, in the Ukraine and in the countries of Central Asia, the Russian language as a means of interethnic communication is removed from the school curriculum. This is a stressful factor for the Russian population. However, in the Russian Federation itself, in places of compact residence of Tatars, for the last quarter of a century, Tatar schools have been systematically closed. The ethno-cultural component remains - this is two or three hours of the Tatar language or literature per week, but in many areas this is not the case either. These problems, after the abolition of the agreement between the Republic of Tatarstan and the Russian Federation, came to our republic. “When the first Tatar gymnasiums opened, and this was the desire of the parents, I sent my children to Tatar kindergartens and schools. I had no problems. When already now I sent my grandson, who speaks the Tatar language, to kindergarten, within six months he lost his native language. That is, in Tatarstan, the education of my children and grandson in their native language at the present stage is not guaranteed by the state. Unfortunately, the assimilation of the nation does not begin at school, but straight from the kindergarten. We need not only to study history, but we will also have to rebuild the system of national education. These problems specifically excite me, as a grandfather, as a parent. We have one homeland, we have lived here and will live here. I am the same taxpayer, but for some people the conditions for learning their native language are provided, but for others they are not. At one time we wanted to be a “Soviet people”, but for certain reasons it was gone. Now they say: "We are the Russian people." But before becoming the Russian people, as a citizen of this country, as a representative of the Tatar nation, I must know whether the state guarantees my inviolable rights to preserve the Tatar language and culture on a legislative basis. The violation of constitutional rights, unfortunately, does not contribute to the formation of civil society, ”concluded Urazaev.

"NOW WE HAVE AN ELITE OF MONEY, ELITE OF CLANS"

At the same time, Aisin noted that here the role of the murz is very great. “And before the revolution it was not easy for the Tatars: they violated their freedom of religion. What did the Murza do? After all, these are people of serious great consciousness, because they were responsible for the fate of the nation, and thanks to them we now have our religion, Islam, which they brought to us, and the language, and history, and the cultural matrix. Now their role is greater than ever. Who if not them? When we talk about people, we must understand that this concept is rather abstract, amorphous. It is made by the people by certain people: specific historians who write books, specific murzas: the Chanyshevs, Yaushevs, and so on. They personify and lead this people. If they are not there, then the people will simply crumble, which we are now getting. Do we have a genuine elite or not? If there is no elite, then everything is pouring in. All that we have received in recent years is an elite identity crisis. Apparently, there is no stratum that could, like the Murzas in their time for 500 years, preserve this entire rich tradition. And now, unfortunately, we can lose all this very quickly, ”Aisin said.

“All the descendants of the nobility in Soviet times fell under the heavy influence of the state. Noblemen at that time were not allowed to enter higher educational institutions, "added one more participant of the round table, the leader of the noble assembly of the Republic of Tatarstan. Alexey von Essen... At the same time, von Essen is sure that in order to raise a new elite, it is not enough to teach a person good manners. “The tradition, which is passed on by the family, makes a person be cultured. To become a cultured person, it is not enough to learn how to properly hold a spoon and fork and smile. A family in two or three generations should live in prosperity and order, which is not present now. What do you mean by the Soviet and post-Soviet elite? The ta elite - murz, nobles - was a community of people who treated representatives of other classes with respect. Now we have an elite of money, an elite of clans. Every rich man considers himself an elite and creates groups around himself. We're going into the 1990s. Is this the elite? We must decide on this issue, ”he stressed.

“The question arose about what is the main value base of our society, not only Tatar, but wider,” Aisin agreed with him. - During the days of the World Cup, we saw that a certain value substitution was taking place: everyone shouted 'hurray, hurray.' When a nation or people that populates these spaces have no systemic values, they are replaced by some kind of ideological simulacrum. " “Such a hurray-patriotism,” the Murza agreed with him.

“The elite are people who have brought in some kind of ideological superstructure. What should be the main value orientation of the Tatars, their traditional historical elite - Murz? " - asked Aisin. And he himself, at the request of the participants of the round table, answered it. “What is the Tatar elite? What should it be composed of? What things should it be formed from? Unfortunately, a certain thread has been lost, a connection with the historical past, where there were great ancestors, some of this great is unknown, some have been brought to us. But, to our great regret, our current rulers are happy to squander this whole business, to profit simply economically. What should be the elite now? These are, first of all, those people who are ready to sacrifice for the benefit of society, are ready to invest their intellectual and existential resources in the development of the nation. These are the people who are ready to give, not take. Plus, these are people with an excess of certain internal passionary energy. These are people with a special seal who have been chosen to lead the people forward. There cannot be many such people, but without this elite you cannot go anywhere. I think that those present here are also representatives of the Tatar elite, because, firstly, they raise the question “why did this happen?”, And second, “what to do?”. If people ask such a question, they are already in the first step. Actually, the second step is action. " “That is, you will recognize them by their deeds,” Urazaev said.

Head of an IT company Gadel Safin noted that it is not so easy to unite young people under one idea now: “Among young people, the situation is deplorable, since there is social discord, differentiation: by nationality, by ethnicity and, most importantly, by religion. There are whole channels that kindle this discord, there are channels that, on the contrary, consolidate. I have nothing to do with Murzas, so it is difficult for me to say something on this topic. " “Each time puts forward its own murzas, intellectuals - this is the request of the time. Yes, there are hereditary Murzas who contribute, and there are intellectuals, they are also Murzas who have enormous potential and contribute their knowledge to the development of society. In this respect, you are a young Murza, the future of the Tatar nation; people of intellectual labor who are and will continue to do their bit, ”Urazaev objected to him. “Being a Murza is a great responsibility for oneself, for one's family, for one's clan, for one's nation, for the fatherland where we live,” he summed up.