The history of creation and analysis of the novel "Eugene Onegin" by AS Pushkin The history of the creation of the novel "Eugene Onegin"

The novel "Eugene Onegin" is a work of amazing creative destiny. It was created for more than seven years - from May 1823 to September 1830.But work on the text did not stop until the appearance of the first complete edition in 1833. The last author's version of the novel was published in 1837. Pushkin has no works that would have an equally long creative history. The novel was not written “in one breath,” but was formed from stanzas and chapters created at different times, in different circumstances, in different periods of creativity. Work on the novel covers four periods of Pushkin's work - from southern exile to the Boldinskaya autumn of 1830.

The work was interrupted not only by the twists and turns of Pushkin's fate and new ideas, for the sake of which he dropped the text of Eugene Onegin. Some poems ("The Demon", "The Desert Sower of Freedom ...") arose from the drafts of the novel. In the drafts of the second chapter (written in 1824), Horace's verse "Exegi monumentum" flashed, which became, 12 years later, the epigraph to the poem "I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ...". It seemed that history itself was not very supportive of Pushkin's work: from a novel about a contemporary and contemporary life, as the poet conceived of Eugene Onegin, after 1825 it became a novel about a different historical era. The "internal chronology" of the novel covers about 6 years - from 1819 to the spring of 1825.

All chapters were published from 1825 to 1832 as independent parts of a large work and, even before the completion of the novel, became facts of the literary process. Perhaps, if we take into account the fragmented nature of Pushkin's work, it can be argued that the novel was for him something like a huge “notebook” or a poetic “album” (the poet himself sometimes calls the chapters of the novel “notebooks”). For more than seven years, the recordings were replenished with sorrowful "notes" of the heart and "observations" of a cold mind.

It was covered with writing, painted

With Onegin's hand around

Between the incomprehensible maranya

Thoughts, remarks flashed,

Portraits, numbers, names,

Yes letters, mysteries of writing,

Excerpts, draft letters ...

The first chapter, published in 1825, pointed to Eugene Onegin as the main character of the conceived work. However, from the very beginning of the work on the “great poem”, the author needed the figure of Onegin not only to express his ideas about “modern man”. There was another goal: Onegin was assigned the role of a central character who, like a magnet, would “attract” heterogeneous life and literary material. Onegin's silhouette and the silhouettes of other characters, barely outlined plot lines, gradually cleared up as the novel was being worked on. The contours of the fate and characters of Onegin, Tatyana Larina, Lensky were visible (“painted over”) from under the thick layers of rough notes, a unique image was created - the image of the Author.

The novel "Eugene Onegin" is the most difficult work of Pushkin, despite the apparent lightness and simplicity. VG Belinsky called "Eugene Onegin" "an encyclopedia of Russian life", emphasizing the scale of Pushkin's "long-term work." This is not a critical praise for the novel, but a capacious metaphor for it. Behind the "variegation" of chapters and stanzas, a change in narrative techniques, there is a harmonious concept of a fundamentally innovative literary work - a "novel of life", which has absorbed a huge socio-historical, everyday, literary material.

Jan 24 2011

The novel "Eugene Onegin" was written by Pushkin for 8 years. It describes the events of the first quarter of the 19th century, that is, the time of creation and the time of action of the novel approximately coincide. Reading it, we understand what is unique, because before in the world there was not a single novel in verse. The lyric-epic genre of the work involves the interweaving of two plots - the epic, the main characters of which are Onegin and Tatiana, and the lyric, where the main character is a character called the Author, that is, the lyric hero of the novel. Eugene Onegin is a realistic novel. The method of realism presupposes the absence of a preset, an initial clear plan for the development of the action: the images of the heroes do not develop simply by the will of the author, the development is conditioned by those psychological and historical features that are embedded in the images. Concluding Chapter VIII, he himself emphasizes this feature of the novel:

• And the distance of a free romance
• I'm through the magic crystal
• I still didn’t clearly distinguish.

Defining the novel as a “collection of variegated chapters,” Pushkin emphasizes another essential feature of a realistic work: the novel is, as it were, “open” in time, each chapter could be the last, but it can also have a continuation. Thus, the reader's attention is focused on the independent value of each chapter.

What makes this novel unique is the fact that the breadth of coverage of reality, the multiplot, the description of the distinctive features of the era, its color have acquired such significance and reliability that the novel has become an encyclopedia of Russian life in the 1920s. Reading the novel, as in an encyclopedia, we can learn everything about that era: how they dressed and what was in fashion (Onegin's “wide bolivar” and Tatyana's raspberry beret), the menu of prestigious restaurants that was shown in the theater (Didlot's ballets).

Throughout the action of the novel and in lyrical digressions, the poet shows all strata of Russian society of that time: the high society of St. Petersburg, noble Moscow, the local nobility, the peasantry. This allows us to speak of Eugene Onegin as a truly folk work. Petersburg of that time gathered the best minds of Russia. There “Fonvizin shone”, people of art - Knyazhin, Istomina. The author knew and loved Petersburg well, he is accurate in his descriptions, not forgetting either the "salt of secular anger" or "the necessary impudent people." Through the eyes of a resident of the capital, Moscow is also shown to us - a "fair of brides". Describing the Moscow nobility, Pushkin is often sarcastic: in drawing rooms he notices "incoherent, vulgar nonsense." But at the same time he loves Moscow, the heart of Russia: “Moscow… how much in this sound has merged for the Russian heart” (it should be doubly pleasant for a Muscovite to read such lines).

Russia, contemporary to the poet, is rural. This is probably why the gallery of characters from the local nobility in the novel is the most representative. Let's look at the characters presented to us by Pushkin. The handsome Lensky, "with a straight Göttingen soul," is a German-style romantic, "an admirer of Kant." But Lensky's poems are imitative. They are thoroughly parodic, but not individual authors are parodied in them, but the cliches of romanticism themselves. Tatiana's mother is tragic enough: "Without asking for advice, the girl was taken to the crown." She “was torn and cried at first,” but replaced with a habit: “Salted mushrooms for the winter, kept expenses, shaved her foreheads.” To retired adviser Flyanov, the poet gives a colorful description: “A heavy gossip, an old jester, a glutton, a bribe-taker and a rogue.” The appearance of Pushkin's novel Eugene Onegin had a tremendous impact on the further development of Russian literature. It is also important that the main character of the novel, as it were, opens a whole gallery of “superfluous people” in Russian literature: Pechorin, Oblomov will continue it.

With the title of the novel, Pushkin emphasizes the central position of Onegin among the other heroes of the work. Onegin is a secular young, metropolitan aristocrat who received a typical upbringing for that time under the guidance of a French tutor in the spirit of literature, torn from the national and folk soil. He leads the lives of “golden youth”: balls, walks along Nevsky Prospect, visits to theaters. Although Onegin studied "something and somehow", he still has a high level of culture, differing in this respect from the majority of the noble society. Pushkin's hero is a product of this society, but at the same time he is alien to him. The nobility of the soul, the “sharp chilled mind” set him apart from the midst of aristocratic youth, gradually lead to disillusionment with the life and interests of a secular society, to dissatisfaction with the political and social situation: No, early feelings in him cooled down, He was bored with the noise of the world ...

The emptiness of life torments Onegin, he is possessed by blues, boredom, and he leaves secular society, trying to engage in socially useful activities. The lordly upbringing, lack of habit to work ("hard work he was sick of") played a role, and Onegin does not complete any of his undertakings. He lives "without a goal, without work." In the village, Onegin behaves humanely towards the peasants, but he does not think about their fate, he is more tormented by his own moods, a sense of the emptiness of life.

Having broken with secular society and being cut off from the life of the people, he loses touch with people. He rejects the love of Tatyana Larina, a gifted, morally pure girl, unable to unravel the depth of her requests, the originality of her nature. Onegin kills his friend Lensky, succumbing to class prejudices, frightened of "the whisper, the laugh of fools." In a depressed state of mind, Onegin leaves the village and begins wandering around Russia. These wanderings give him the opportunity to take a fuller look at life, to re-evaluate his attitude to the surrounding reality, to understand how fruitlessly he wasted his life. Onegin returns to the capital and meets the same picture of the life of a secular society. Love for Tatiana, now a married woman, flares up in him. But Tatiana unraveled the selfishness and selfishness underlying feelings for her, and rejects Onegin's love. With Onegin's love for Tatyana, Pushkin emphasizes that his hero is capable of moral revival, that he is not a person who has cooled to everything, the forces of life are still boiling in him, which, according to the poet's plan, should have awakened Onegin's desire for social activity.

The image of Eugene Onegin opens up a whole gallery of “superfluous people”. Following Pushkin, the images of Pechorin, Oblomov, Rudin, Laevsky were created. All these images are an artistic reflection of Russian reality.

“Eugene Onegin” is a realistic novel in verse, as it presented to the reader truly vivid images of Russian people of the early 19th century. The novel provides a broad artistic generalization of the main trends in Russian social development. We can say about the novel in the words of the poet himself - this is, in which “the century and modern man are reflected”. VG Belinsky called Pushkin's novel "The Encyclopedia of Russian Life".

In this novel, as in an encyclopedia, you can learn everything about the era, about the culture of that time: about how they dressed and what was in fashion ("wide bolivar", tailcoat, Onegin's vest, Tatyana's raspberry beret), menus of prestigious restaurants (" bloody steak ”, cheese, fizzy au, champagne, Strasbourg pie), which was shown in the theater (Diderot's ballets), who performed (the dancer Istomin). You can even put together a precise daily routine for a young person. No wonder PA Pletnev, a friend of Pushkin, wrote about the first chapter of Eugene Onegin: “Your Onegin will be a pocket mirror of Russian youth”.

Throughout the action of the novel and in lyrical digressions, the poet shows all strata of Russian society of that time: the high society of St. Petersburg, noble Moscow, the local nobility, the peasantry - that is, the entire people. This allows us to speak of “Eugene Onegin” as a truly folk work.

Petersburg at that time was the habitat of the best people of Russia - the Decembrists, writers. There “Fonvizin, friend of freedom, shone,” people of art - Knyazhnin, Istomina. The author knew and loved Petersburg well, he is accurate in his descriptions, not forgetting either “about the salt of worldly anger”, “not about the necessary fools,” “starched impudents,” and the like.

Through the eyes of a resident of the capital, Moscow is shown to us - “the fair of brides”. Moscow is provincial, somewhat patriarchal. Describing the Moscow nobility, Pushkin is often sarcastic: in drawing rooms he notices "incoherent vulgar nonsense." But at the same time, the poet loves Moscow, the heart of Russia: “Moscow ... How much of this sound has merged for the Russian heart”. He is proud of Moscow in 1912: “Napoleon, intoxicated with his last happiness, waited in vain for Moscow kneeling with the keys of the old Kremlin”.

The poet's contemporary Russia is rural, and he emphasizes this with a play on words in the epigraph to the second chapter. This is probably why the gallery of characters from the local nobility in the novel is the most representative. Let's try to consider the main types of landowners shown by Pushkin. As the comparison immediately suggests itself with another great study of Russian life in the XIX century - Gogol's poem "Dead Souls".

Handsome Lensky, “with a straight Göttingham soul”, is a romantic of the German warehouse, “Kant's admirer”, if he didn’t die in a duel, he could, according to the author, have the future of a great poet, or in twenty years turn into a kind of Manilov and end his life as old Larin or Onegin's uncle.

The tenth chapter of Onegin is entirely devoted to the Decembrists. Pushkin unites himself with the Decembrists Lunin and Yakushkin, foreseeing "in this crowd of noblemen liberators of the peasants." The appearance of Pushkin's novel Eugene Onegin had a tremendous impact on the further development of Russian literature. The soulful lyricism inherent in the novel has become an integral feature of The Noble Nest, and the World, The Cherry Orchard. It is also important that the main character of the novel, as it were, opens a whole gallery of “superfluous people” in Russian literature: Pechorin, Rudin, Oblomov.

Roman A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" is a very powerful poetic work that tells about love, character, selfishness and, in general, about Russia and the life of its people. It was created for almost 7.5 years (from May 9, 1823 to September 25, 1830), becoming for the poet a real feat in literary work. Before him, only Byron dared to write a novel in verse.

First chapter

The work began during Pushkin's stay in Chisinau. For her, the poet even invented his own special style, later called the "Onegin stanza": the first 4 lines rhyme crosswise, the next 3 - in pairs, from 9 to 12 - through a ring rhyme, the last 2 are consonant with each other. The first chapter was completed in Odessa, 5 months after the beginning.

After writing, the original text was revised by the poet several times. Pushkin added new and removed old stanzas from the already completed chapter. It was published in February 1825.

Chapter two

The initial 17 stanzas of the second chapter were written by November 3, 1923, and the last - on December 8, 1923. At this time, Pushkin was still serving under Count Vorontsov. In 1824, being already in, he carefully finalized and completed it. The work was published in print in October 1826, and was published in May 1830. It is interesting that the same month for the poet was marked by another event - the long-awaited engagement with.

Third and fourth chapters

Pushkin wrote the next two chapters from February 8, 1824 to January 6, 1825. The work, especially closer to completion, was carried out intermittently. The reason is simple - the poet at that time wrote, as well as several well-known poems. The third chapter was published in print in 1827, and the fourth, dedicated to the poet P. Pletnev (Pushkin's friend), was published in 1828, already in revised form.

Chapters Five, Six and Seven

The subsequent chapters were written in about 2 years - from January 4, 1826 to November 4, 1828. They appeared in printed form: 5th part - January 31, 1828, March 6 - 22, 1828, March 7 - 18, 1830 (in the form of a separate book).

Interesting facts are connected with the fifth chapter of the novel: Pushkin first lost it at cards, then won back, and then completely lost the manuscript. The situation was saved only by phenomenal memory: Leo had already read the chapter and was able to restore it from memory.

Chapter Eight

Pushkin began working on this part at the end of 1829 (December 24), during his trip along the Georgian Military Highway. The poet finished it on September 25, 1830, already in Boldino. About a year later, in Tsarskoe Selo, he writes that she got married. On January 20, 1832, the chapter comes out in print. The title page says that she is the last, the work is completed.

Chapter about Eugene Onegin's trip to the Caucasus

This part has come down to us in the form of small excerpts placed in the "Moskovsky Vestnik" (in 1827) and "Literaturnaya Gazeta" (in 1830). According to the opinions of Pushkin's contemporaries, the poet wanted to tell in it about Eugene Onegin's trip to the Caucasus and his death there during a duel. But, for unknown reasons, he never finished this chapter.

The novel "Eugene Onegin" in its entirety was published in one book in 1833. The reprint was carried out in 1837. Although the novel received amendments, they were very insignificant. Today the novel by A.S. Pushkin is studied at school and at the philological faculties. It is positioned as one of the first works in which the author managed to reveal all the pressing problems of his time.

"Eugene Onegin"(1823-1831) - a novel in verse by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, one of the most significant works of Russian literature.

History of creation

Pushkin worked on the novel for over seven years. The novel was, according to Pushkin, "the fruit of the mind of cold observations and the heart of woeful notes." Pushkin called the work on it a heroic deed - out of all his creative heritage only "Boris Godunov" he characterized with the same word. The dramatic fate of the best people of the noble intelligentsia is shown against the broad background of paintings of Russian life.

Pushkin began work on Onegin in 1823, during his southern exile. The author abandoned romanticism as the leading creative method and began to write a realistic novel in verse, although the influence of romanticism is still noticeable in the first chapters. Initially, it was assumed that the novel in verse would consist of 9 chapters, but later Pushkin reworked its structure, leaving only 8 chapters. He excluded from the work the chapter "Onegin's Journey", which he included as an appendix. After that, the tenth chapter of the novel was written, which is an encrypted chronicle from the life of the future Decembrists.

The novel was published in verse in separate chapters, and the release of each chapter became a major event in modern literature. In 1831, the novel in verse was completed and in 1833 was published. It covers events from 1819 to 1825: from the foreign campaigns of the Russian army after the defeat of Napoleon to the Decembrist uprising. These were the years of development of Russian society, during the reign of Tsar Alexander I. The plot of the novel is simple and well known. In the center of the novel is a love affair. And the main problem is the eternal problem of feeling and duty. The novel "Eugene Onegin" reflects the events of the first quarter of the 19th century, that is, the time of creation and the time of action of the novel approximately coincide. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin created a novel in verse like Byron's poem "Don Juan". Defining the novel as a "collection of colorful chapters", Pushkin emphasizes one of the features of this work: the novel is, as it were, "opened" in time, each chapter could be the last, but it can also have a continuation. And thus the reader draws attention to the independence of each chapter of the novel. The novel became an encyclopedia of Russian life in the 20s of the century before last, since the breadth of the novel's coverage shows the readers the whole reality of Russian life, as well as the multiplot and description of different eras. This is what gave the basis for V.G.Belinsky in his article "Eugene Onegin" to conclude:
"Onegin can be called an encyclopedia of Russian life and an extremely popular work."
In the novel, as in the encyclopedia, you can learn everything about the era: how they dressed, and what was in fashion, what people appreciated most of all, what they talked about, what interests they lived. All Russian life was reflected in Eugene Onegin. Briefly, but quite clearly, the author showed a serf village, lordly Moscow, secular Petersburg. Pushkin faithfully depicted the environment in which the main characters of his novel - Tatyana Larina and Eugene Onegin - live. The author reproduced the atmosphere of the city noble salons, in which Onegin spent his youth.

Plot

The novel begins with a grumpy speech by a young nobleman, Eugene Onegin, dedicated to his uncle's illness, which forced him to leave Petersburg and go to the sick man's bed in the hope of becoming the heir to the dying man. The narration itself is conducted on behalf of an unnamed author, who introduced himself as a good friend of Onegin. Having thus designated the plot, the author devotes the first chapter to a story about the origin, family, life of his hero before receiving the news of a relative's illness.

Eugene was born "on the banks of the Neva", that is, in St. Petersburg, in the family of a typical nobleman of his time -

“Serving excellently - nobly, his father lived with Dolgami. Gave three balls a year And finally squandered. " The son of such a father received a typical upbringing - first the governess Madame, then the French governor, who did not bother his pupil with an abundance of sciences. Here Pushkin emphasizes that people who were strangers to him, moreover, foreigners, were involved in the upbringing of Eugene from childhood.
Onegin's life in St. Petersburg was full of love intrigues and secular amusements, but now he will be bored in the countryside. Upon arrival, it turns out that his uncle has died, and Eugene became his heir. Onegin settles in the village, and soon the blues really take possession of him.

Onegin's neighbor turns out to be eighteen-year-old Vladimir Lensky, a romantic poet who came from Germany. Lensky and Onegin agree. Lensky is in love with Olga Larina, the daughter of a landowner. Her pensive sister Tatiana does not look like the always cheerful Olga. Having met Onegin, Tatiana falls in love with him and writes him a letter. However, Onegin rejects her: he is not looking for a quiet family life. Lensky and Onegin are invited to the Larins. Onegin is not happy with this invitation, but Lensky persuades him to go.

"[...] He pouted and, indignant, vowed to enrage Lensky, And to take revenge in order." At the Larins' dinner, Onegin, in order to make Lensky jealous, unexpectedly begins to court Olga. Lensky challenges him to a duel. The fight ends with the death of Lensky, and Onegin leaves the village.
Two years later, he appears in St. Petersburg and meets Tatiana. She is an important lady, the wife of a prince. Onegin was inflamed with love for her, but this time he was already rejected, despite the fact that Tatyana also loves him, but wants to remain faithful to her husband.

Story lines

1. Onegin and Tatiana:
   • Acquaintance with Tatiana
   • Conversation with the nanny
   • Tatyana's letter to Onegin
   • Explanation in the garden
   • Tatiana's dream. Birthday
   • Visit to Onegin's house
   • Departure to Moscow
   • Meeting at the ball in St. Petersburg in 2 years
   • Letter to Tatiana (explanation)
   • Evening at Tatiana's
2. Onegin and Lensky:
   • Meeting in the village
   • Conversation after the evening at the Larins
   • Lensky's visit to Onegin
   • Tatyana's birthday
   • Duel (Death of Lensky)

Characters

• Eugene Onegin- prototype Pyotr Chaadaev, a friend of Pushkin, was named by Pushkin himself in the first chapter. Onegin's story is reminiscent of Chaadaev's life. An important influence on the image of Onegin was made by Lord Byron and his "Byron Heroes", Don Juan and Child Harold, who are also mentioned more than once by Pushkin himself.
• Tatiana Larina- prototype Avdotya (Dunya) Norova, friend of Chaadaev. Dunya herself is mentioned in the second chapter, and at the end of the last chapter, Pushkin expresses his sorrow over her untimely death. Due to the death of Dunya at the end of the novel, the prototype of the princess, the matured and transformed Tatiana, is Anna Kern, Pushkin's beloved. She, Anna Kern, was the prototype of Anna Kerenina. Although Lev Tolstoy copied the appearance of Anna Karenina from Pushkin's eldest daughter, Maria Gartung, the name and history are very close to Anna Kern. So, through the story of Anna Kern, Tolstoy's novel "Anna Karenina" is a continuation of the novel "Eugene Onegin".
• Olga Larina, her sister is a generalized image of a typical heroine of a popular novel; beautiful outwardly, but devoid of deep content.
• Vladimir Lensky- Pushkin himself or rather his idealized image.
• nanny Tatiana- probable prototype - Yakovleva Arina Rodionovna, Pushkin's nanny
• Zaretsky, duelist - Fedor Tolstoy-American was named among the prototypes
• Tatiana Larina's husband, not named in the novel, "an important general", General Kern, husband of Anna Kern.
• The author of the work- Pushkin himself. He constantly interferes in the course of the story, reminds of himself, makes friends with Onegin, in his lyrical digressions he shares with the reader his reflections on a variety of life issues, expresses his worldview.

The novel also mentions the father - Dmitry Larin - and the mother of Tatyana and Olga; "Princess Alina" - the Moscow cousin of Tatyana Larina's mother; uncle Onegin; a number of comical images of provincial landowners (Gvozdin, Flyanov, "Skotinins, a gray-haired couple", "fat Trifles", etc.); Petersburg and Moscow light.
The images of provincial landowners are mainly of literary origin. Thus, the image of the Skotinins refers to Fonvizin's comedy "The Minor", Buyanov is the hero of the poem "Dangerous Neighbor" (1810-1811) by V.L. Pushkin. “Among the guests,“ Kirin is important ”,“ Lazorkina is a widow-oriental, ”“ fat Pustiakov ”was replaced by“ fat Tumakov, ”Pustyakov was called“ skinny, ”Petushkov was a“ retired clerk ”.

Poetic features

The novel is written in a special "Onegin stanza". Each such stanza consists of 14 lines of iambic tetrameter.
The first four lines rhyme crosswise, lines five to eighth - in pairs, lines nine to twelve are linked by a ring rhyme. The remaining 2 lines of the stanza rhyme with each other.

Sections: Literature

Class: 9

Lesson objectives:

• to acquaint with the history of the creation of the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin";
• trace the development of the plot and make observations regarding the composition of the novel;
• make the first observations regarding the genre;
• arouse students' interest in the novel.

Lesson Objective: application of modern information technologies.

Equipment: portrait of the writer, illustrations for the novel; multimedia installation.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Repetition

Biography of A.S. Pushkin: years of writing the novel "Eugene Onegin".

II. Vocabulary work

Realism, "Onegin stanza".

Realism (from Lat.realis - material) - an artistic method in art and literature, a truthful depiction of reality, a truthful reproduction of typical characters in typical circumstances.

Onegin stanza... The combination of iambic quatrains in the strict order of three types of their rhyme (cross, adjacent, encircling). Concluding a stanza with a couplet with adjacent rhyming lines.

III. Expressive reading of the poem "Labor"

The longed-for moment has come: my work for many years is over.
Why is this incomprehensible sadness secretly disturbing me?
Or, having accomplished my feat, I stand like an unnecessary day laborer,
Having accepted his wages, alien to the work of another?
Or do I feel sorry for the work, the silent companion of the night,
A friend of Aurora the golden one, a friend of the penates of the saints?

- What feelings does A.S. Pushkin have?
- A.S. Pushkin is both proud and sad.

IV. Literary controversy around the novel "Eugene Onegin"

(Writing on the board)

Belinsky: Onegin is a "suffering egoist" who is suffocated by "inactivity and vulgarity of life."

Herzen: Onegin is “clever uselessness”, the hero of the time, whom you constantly find near you or in yourself.

Dobrolyubov: in Onegin there is a resemblance to Oblomov, both are the product of the landlord-serf system.

Pisarev: Onegin - "Mitrofanushka Prostakov of a new formation."

- What caused such a lively controversy around "Eugene Onegin"?
- The controversy is associated with the image of Onegin.
- Whose position is closer and more understandable to you, and why the author, being the hero of the novel, shows his spiritual relationship with Onegin?

V. The creative history of the creation of the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"(student message)

– The novel "Eugene Onegin" was begun by the poet in southern exile (May 9, 1823) and ended in the autumn of Boldin (September 25, 1830). But the work on the novel did not stop there. In 1831, the poet revised the last, eighth chapter and wrote a letter from Onegin to Tatiana.
Quite naturally, the plan of the novel changed over the course of seven years. The last draft of the plan for "Eugene Onegin" (September 26, 1830) includes ten chapters. The eighth chapter was supposed to become the ninth, and instead of it, after the seventh chapter, Pushkin intended to describe in detail the journey of Onegin. The novel was concluded with the tenth chapter, which spoke about the emergence of secret Decembrist societies. The tenth chapter and Onegin's Journey were not completed by the poet, although he attached great importance to his idea and later returned to it more than once. The contemporaries to whom Pushkin read the tenth chapter, and the poet himself, understood that for censorship reasons it could not appear in print. On October 19, 1830, on the day of the next lyceum anniversary, Pushkin burned the tenth chapter, as evidenced by the litter on the manuscript "Blizzard". But, apparently, Pushkin left at his disposal some copies of the tenth chapter, because he read excerpts from it to P.A.Vyazemsky and A.I. Turgenev. In addition, the text of the initial quatrains of the first sixteen stanzas, carefully encrypted, and an unfinished draft of three stanzas (XV, XVI and XVII) were found in Pushkin's papers. The Pushkinists found the key to Pushkin's cipher and now we know in fragments and with gaps seventeen stanzas of the tenth chapter.

However, neither Onegin's Journey, nor the tenth chapter were included in the final text of the novel, although Pushkin published excerpts from Onegin's Journey in a note to the novel. Thus, "Eugene Onegin" consists of eight chapters and is a complete work.

The action of the novel develops from 1819 to 1825. It was at this time, saturated with major political events in the history of Russia and Europe, that a type of person similar to the hero of Pushkin's work took shape and took shape.

In Russia and in Europe, the pre-storm atmosphere of revolutionary and national liberation movements thickened and at the same time the reaction intensified. Pushkin wanted to recreate the spiritual atmosphere in which the type of Eugene Onegin was born, with all the truthfulness and consistency.

For seven years, Pushkin himself did not remain unchanged. The poet captured in Eugene Onegin both his own spiritual growth and the development of his heroes. Pushkin looked at them through the eyes of a contemporary and through the eyes of a person for whom they had already become historical types. So, in Pushkin's novel, history and modernity are combined. In "Eugene Onegin" the really moving history of Russian society appeared.

Thinking about the form of the plan, Pushkin at the beginning of work on the novel did not know what amendments life would bring to the course of the narrative:

And the distance of a free romance
I'm through the magic crystal
Not yet clearly distinguished. (8, L)

Vi. Reading excerpts from the novel "Eugene Onegin"(illustrations are displayed on the screen)

1. Conversation on the contents of the first chapters

Chapter 1.

- How does the author feel about Onegin?
- How are the author and Onegin close and what is their difference?
- Attitude to light, labor, art, nature, love.
- The direct relationship of the author to Onegin.
- Against the background of what appears Onegin?
- Onegin appears against the background of a picture of Russian life.
- Try to explain Pushkin's concern about illustrations for the first chapter. Why did he not only create a sketch of the illustration, but also ask the artist to preserve the exact location of Onegin and the Author against the background of the Peter and Paul Fortress?
- Working with the epigraph: reading, comprehension.

And he is in a hurry to live and in a hurry to feel. (KN. Vyazemsky)

Chapter 2.

- Find the verses that show the environment that Onegin is facing?
- Why didn't Onegin become close to the landlord neighbors?
- How does Onegin's comparison with the local nobility set off the author's image?
- Why did Onegin and Lensky become close?
- What was the nature of their friendship?
- Why does Pushkin say about the friendship of Onegin and Lensky: "Friends have nothing to do"?
- How is the lyrical digression (stanza XIV) connected with the poet's reflections on the relationship between Onegin and Lensky?

Output: The well-known intellectual closeness of Onegin and Lensky does not hide their largely fundamentally different perceptions of the world. On the one hand, idyllic ideas about people, about their relationships, not based on actual knowledge of life; on the other, a chilled outlook on the world, sometimes deliberately devoid of poetry and therefore also incorrect. The average romantic Lensky, who is always enthusiastic and has lost faith in Onegin's life, is opposed in the second chapter by an author who is open to the whole world.
- In the second chapter, the storyline of Tatiana - Onegin also begins. How does Pushkin portray the Larins family?
- What is the meaning of opposition between Tatyana and Olga (their appearance, tastes, interests, upbringing)?
- Why did Tatiana "in her own family" seem like a stranger to a girl, and Lensky was accepted by the Larins as a family?

2. Working with illustrations for the novel

- Title illustrations with lines from the novel.

Vii. Lesson summary

- What is the genre of the work?
- In the novel, the heroes are placed in their familiar surroundings - in Petersburg or Moscow society and in the rural, provincial wilderness. And the love of heroes is also devoid of exclusivity. Each of the heroes has his own biography, his own habits, his own understanding of life. The historical life of Russian society emerges through the thoughts, feelings and actions of the heroes. Consequently, Pushkin strives for an objective realistic depiction. Since the novel reflects the historical era, this work is a novel, but a poetic novel.

VIII. Homework

1. Reading and analyzing the chapters of the novel.
2. Individual tasks:

• Review of the catchphrases of the novel.
• The realism of the novel.

Group assignments:

Group 1: What is the relationship between chapter 1 and subsequent chapters?
Group 2: In the first chapter, there are ellipses that indicate missing lines or stanzas. For Pushkin, this is a compositional technique that creates the diversity of the artistic space of the text, helps to move from one episode to another. Analyze this technique.
Group 3. Prepare a story about Onegin.
Group 4. How to explain that in his plan Pushkin called the first chapter "Blues"? Does this name refer only to Onegin's state, or does it also apply to the thoughts and feelings of the Author?
Group 5. Describe the "Onegin stanza". How is its rhythmic structure related to the composition of the novel?
Group 6. Make a quotation plan for chapters 3 and 4.
Group 7. Determine the role of lyrical digressions.
Group 8. How is the duel scene related to all previous and subsequent events in the novel?
Group 9. Explain the epigraphs.
Group 10. Prepare a description of the surrounding landowners: their appearance, interests, entertainment and activities.
Group 11. For Pushkin, Tatiana is the ideal of a Russian woman. What in her appearance and character is especially appreciated by the author?
Group 12. The landscape in the novel occupies an important place and has an important property - psychologism. Prove it.
Group 13. The well-known formula: "Eugene Onegin" - an encyclopedia of Russian life ". Prove the correctness of VG Belinsky's statement.