Characteristic and image of Radda (Makar Chudra Gorky) composition. "Plots and heroes of early romantic prose M

A romantic night by the sea, a fire is burning, an old gypsy Makar Chudra tells the writer a story about free gypsies. Makar advises to beware of love, for having fallen in love, a person loses his will. This is confirmed by the story told by Chudra.

There was Loiko Zobar, a young gypsy. Hungary, Czech Republic and Slovenia knew him. Dexterous was a horse thief, many wanted to kill him. He only loved horses, he did not value money, he could give it to everyone who needed it.

There was a gypsy camp in Bukovina. Danila the soldier had a daughter, Rudd, a beauty, not to say in words. Rudd broke a lot of hearts. One tycoon threw any money at her feet, asked to marry him, but Radda replied that an eagle had no place in a crow's nest.

Once Zobar came to the camp. He was handsome: “The mustache fell on his shoulders and mixed with the curls, his eyes shine like clear stars, and the smile is the whole sun. As if it was forged from one piece of iron with a horse. " He began to play the violin, and many began to cry. Radda praised Zobar's violin, he plays well. And he replied that his violin was made from the chest of a young girl, and the strings from her heart were entwined. Radda turned away, saying that people lie when they talk about Zobar's mind. He marveled at the girl's sharp tongue.

Zobar visited Danila, went to bed, and the next morning he went out with a rag tied on his head, said that the horse had hurt him. But everyone understood that it was Rudda, they thought that wasn’t worth Loiko Rudda? "Well, I do not! The girl, no matter how good she is, but her soul is narrow and shallow, and even though you hang a pound of gold around her neck, it’s still better than what she is, not to be her! ”

The camp lived well at that time. And Loiko is with them. He was wise as an old man, and played the violin in such a way that his heart sank. If Loiko wanted, then people would give their lives for him, they loved him so, only Radda did not love. And he loved her dearly. The people around him only looked, they knew, "if two stones roll at each other, you cannot stand between them - they will mutilate."

Once Zobar sang a song, everyone liked it, only Radda laughed. Danilo wanted to teach her a lesson with a whip. But Loiko did not allow, asked to give her to him as a wife. Danilo agreed: "Yes, take it if you can!" Loiko approached Rudda and said that she filled his heart, that he took her as his wife, but she should not contradict his will. "I am a free person and I will live the way I want." Everyone thought that Rudda had resigned herself. She wrapped her whip around Loiko's legs, pulled, and Zobar fell as if knocked down. And she walked away and lay down on the grass, smiling.

Zobar fled to the steppe, and Makar watched him, as if the guy did not do something over himself in the heat of the moment. But Loiko only sat motionless for three hours, and then Rudda came to him. Loiko wanted to stab her, but she put a gun to his forehead and said that she had come to make up, loves him. And she also told Rudda that she loves freedom more than Zobara. She promised Loiko hot caresses if he agreed to bow at her feet in front of the whole camp and kiss her right hand, like the eldest. Zobar shouted at the entire steppe, but agreed to Rudda's terms.

He returned to the Loiko camp and told the old people that he looked into his heart and did not see the former free life there. "One Radda lives there." And he decided to do her will, bow at her feet, kiss her right hand. And he also said that he would check if Radda had such a strong heart as she boasts.

Everyone did not have time to guess, but he stuck a knife into her heart right up to the handle. Rudda pulled out the knife, plugged the wound with her hair and said that she expected such a death. Danilo raised the knife thrown by Radda aside, examined it and stuck it in Loiko's back, right against the heart. Rudda is lying, clutching the wound with his hand, and the dying Loiko is spread at her feet.

The writer couldn't sleep. He looked at the sea, and it seemed that he saw the regal Radda, and Loiko Zobar was sailing at her heels. "They both swirled in the darkness of the night smoothly and silently, and the handsome Loiko could not catch up with the proud Radda."

Who has not heard the delightful stories about the life of nomadic gypsies who value freedom above all else! Whose soul strings did not care about gypsy songs ?! Who did not freeze in a daze watching the dances of this people ?!

Maxim Gorky in his wonderful story "Makar Chudra" told the reader the love story of two young gypsies.

Radda is a proud beauty who has broken more than one male heart. No one could resist the charm of a young gypsy woman.

Pride, love for freedom, will - these are the main qualities of a girl. She never cheats on them.

The character of Radda is sufficiently revealed when he meets one tycoon. Fascinated by the girl's dazzling beauty, the old man invites Rudda to kiss him. For this he promises her money. The gypsy's indifference makes the tycoon move on. A large purse is thrown at the feet of the proud beauty. However, after a moment, he is thrown into the mud. Radda's recalcitrance and intractability only provoke the old rich man. He seriously asks Danila to give him his daughter as his wife.

The soldier Danila admires his beauty and does not want to limit her freedom. The answer must be given by Rudda. And she answered by comparing herself to an eagle and a tycoon to a raven. As birds of different character cannot get along in one nest, they will never be together.

However, pride does not prevent Rudda from loving at all. This feeling was born in her chest when the brave Loiko Zobar appeared in the camp. There was not a single gypsy who did not bow before the dexterity, stateliness and strength of this man. Legends were made about him.

With all my heart, Rudd fell in love with the handsome Loiko. And Zobar himself did not even try to hide his feelings for the girl. What became an obstacle to the reunification of lovers?

Pride! Yes, it is she who does not allow Rudda to submit to Zobar. She invites Loiko to bow at her feet in front of the whole camp and kiss her hand like an elder. In other words, it pushes a proud gypsy to public humiliation. "What kind of love is this that can trample on a loved one?" - another person who does not understand the freedom-loving nature may ask.

But Radda's act pursues a different goal: she wants to make sure herself and show everyone that a person who managed to win her rebellious heart is a person worthy of respect.

Could Rudd have foreseen how this behavior would turn out for her? Of course! Already with a knife in her chest, she says that this is exactly the answer she expected from the dashing Zobar. She would not have loved another! Never!

After reading the work, I was seized with sad thoughts caused by the tragic ending. Loiko Zobar and the beautiful Radda could enjoy their feelings for the rest of their lives, giving each other tenderness and care. What prevented the best representatives of the camp from becoming happy? What role did the daughter of old Danila play in the tragic denouement?

Essay about Raddu

In Gorky's work "Makar Chudra" there is a narrative. The main character of this work tells a legend about a couple of gypsies in love, Radde and Loiko, who never felt what happiness is. Glad - the daughter of a soldier, she is young, the way the writer describes her, you can understand that she has a very high self-confidence. "Nona cannot be compared to Rudda much honor to Nona." You can't just describe Radda in words. "Perhaps her beautiful appearance can be displayed on a violin, and even then only for those who know a lot about the violin." She is charming, unique, incomparable, and very proud. She has a lot of this, she stays with her even after her death.

Once, an elderly tycoon offered Rudda to kiss him for money, but she turned away completely, showing that she was not interested in it, and that she was not like that. Yes, and a huge wallet with money, she kicked into a puddle, as if by accident. Also, from this tycoon, an offer was made to his father's girlfriend, to marry Radd to him. But the father gave the right to choose his daughter. It is clear that the girl refused, because she said "that you cannot buy love for any money, and you need to act as your heart desires."

This beautiful girl loves to ridicule and mock, while putting a person in his place. She was the only one who did not look at the guy, and she was also joking at him. She tried not to show her feelings for Loiko, because she was very proud.

The main character traits of Radda are decisiveness and love of freedom. The gypsy tells Loiko bluntly that she loves him, but then explains how much: “I have never had such feelings as for you, but I love you, but I love freedom more. But I don’t want to live without you, and you cannot live without me. And even if you don’t turn around, everything will be exactly mine, I will conquer you. So do not waste time, under my kisses, you will forget about your life, and you will hum romantic songs to me ... ”- self-confidence is expressed. And for a reason. After all, the guy himself cannot resist this girl. He is ready for any actions for her sake, he completely obeys her, listens and fulfills all her whims. It is not for nothing that the narrator says that "Satan, not a girl", "a daring girl", these epithets emphasize that this girl is very cunning, she knows how to control people and use them.

The unhappy ending of the story is evidenced by Loiko's love for freedom, because for the sake of freedom he killed his beloved Radda. But the gypsy, dying, confirmed her pride, holding the wound, she said "Goodbye, I thought that you would do this." Loiko followed the girl.

This girl is a neo-romantic character in order to show that there is a strong love and love for freedom.

Option 3

Probably everyone knows that Rudda is the main heroine of Gorky's “Makar Chudra”. She is the daughter of a young, handsome and wealthy gypsy. In addition, she knew how to play the violin perfectly and very well and could beat any and even a professional musician. Once a rich man liked a girl, and he decided that money could buy everything and the kiss of this beautiful girl too. But he was wrong, and the girl showed it to him, just turning away from him. Then he decided to throw the whole wallet in which there was a lot of money and maybe after that she would agree to a kiss. But Rudda only pushed this wallet into the dirt. But the rich man was not going to give up and decided to talk to her father and hoped that his father would certainly not refuse him. But the father always takes into account the opinion of his daughter and does nothing across the board, and therefore the choice was left to the girl. The girl understood that they were not a couple, but she only wanted to kiss her beloved.

Loiko loved her more than anything else in the world, but the girl also constantly refused him and, at any opportunity, humiliated and offended him.

Zobar has always been a favorite among girls and found a new girlfriend almost every day. But only one Rudda did not want to become another of his girlfriend, and with this he could not do anything.

The girl sometimes came to Loiko herself and told everything about her feelings for him. And at the same time, more than anything in the world, she loved freedom and did not want to change it for anything. And no matter how much she mocks the guy, he will still compose songs, and in them he will touch her name.

And in order to emphasize her love for herself, she brings her beloved to the center and asks in front of everyone to kiss her hand right in public and then she will be with him. But Loiko also has pride and does not intend to humiliate himself to such an extent, and therefore he refuses. And so that no one else gets it, he kills her with a knife. And when the girl dies, she covers her wound with her hair. And some time later, the girl's father kills Loiko. And here Radda's prediction works that without each other they will not be able to live long.

In the center of the early works of Maxim Gorky are exceptional characters, strong-willed and proud people, who have "the sun in their blood." They are associated with the motive of fire, sparks, flame, torch. These heroes have burning hearts.

The hero's ideal world is opposed to the real world. The confrontation between romance and reality, romance and the world around them is the main feature of this literary movement.And the motive of rejection of reality, confrontation with fate, a daring challenge to the elements sounds. In the center is the figure of a strong, proud, courageous man who does not submit to anyone, inflexible. And all these works, like living gems, shimmer with unprecedented colors, spreading a romantic glow around.

Against the background of a romantic landscape, the old woman Izergil is also depicted: “The wind flowed in a wide, even wave, but sometimes it seemed to jump over something invisible and, giving birth to a strong gust, waving the hair of women into fantastic manes that billowed around their heads ".

It is in such a landscape - seaside, night, mysterious and beautiful - that the heroes of the stories of Maxim Gorky and the Old Woman Izergil can realize themselves. Their consciousness and characters with mysterious contradictions become the main subject of the image.

In the legends of the Old Woman Izergil, ideas about the ideal and anti-ideal in man are expressed, that is, the romantic ideal and the anti-ideal are presented. Danko and Larra, Radda and Loiko Zobar.The action of the legends takes place in ancient times - this is, as it were, the time that preceded the beginning of history, the era of primitive creation. However, in the present there are traces directly related to that era - these are blue lights left over from the heart of Danko, the shadow of Larra, whom Izergil sees; the handsome Loiko and the proud Radda, smoothly and silently circling in the darkness of the night.

In the characters of the heroes, the only beginning is the maximalist striving for freedom. Izergil is sure that her whole life was subordinated to only one thing - love for people. The same is embodied in the heroes of the legends told by them. For Loiko Zobar, the highest value is also freedom, openness and kindness. Radda is the highest, exclusive manifestation of pride, which even love for Loiko Zobar cannot break.

The insoluble contradiction between love and pride is thought of as completely natural, and it can be resolved only as it was resolved in the legend - by death. Old woman Iser-gil tells about Dan-ko and Larra. Danko embodies the extreme degree of self-sacrifice in the name of love for people, Larra - extreme individualism.

“A man will be born to learn what will is, the breadth of the steppe, to hear the talk of the sea wave”; "If you live - so as kings over all the earth."
This idea is illustrated by the legend of the love of Loiko Zobar and Rada, who did not become slaves to their feelings. Their images are exceptional and romanticized. Loiko Zobar has “eyes like clear stars shine, and a smile is a whole sun”. When he sits on a horse, it seems as if he was forged from one piece of iron along with the horse. The strength and beauty of Zobar are not inferior to his kindness. "You need his heart, he would have pulled it out of his chest and gave it to you, if only it would make you feel good about it." The beauty Rada is also matched. Makar Chudra calls her an eagle. “Words cannot say anything about her. Maybe her beauty could be played on a violin, and even someone who knows this violin as his soul. "

The proud Rada long rejected the feelings of Loiko Zobar, for the will was dearer to her than love. When she decided to become his wife, she set a condition that Loiko could not fulfill without humiliating himself. An insoluble conflict leads to a tragic ending: the heroes die, but remain free, love and even life are sacrificed to the will. In this story, for the first time, a romantic image of a loving human heart arises: Loiko Zobar, who could tear his heart out of his chest for the happiness of his neighbor, checks whether his beloved has a strong heart and plunges a knife into him. And the same knife, but already in the hands of the soldier Danila, strikes the heart of Zobar. Love and thirst for freedom turn out to be evil demons, destroying the happiness of people. Together with Makar Chudra, the narrator admires the strength of the characters' character. And together with him, he cannot answer the question that runs through the whole story as a leitmotif: how to make people happy and what is happiness.

In the story "Makar Chudra" two different understandings of happiness are formulated. The first is in the words of a "strict person": "Submit to God, and he will give you everything you ask." This thesis is immediately debunked: it turns out that God did not give the "strict man" even clothes to cover his naked body. The second thesis was proved by the fate of Loiko Zobar and Rada: will is more precious than life, happiness is in freedom. The romantic worldview of young Gorky goes back to the well-known words of Pushkin: "There is no happiness in the world, but there is peace and will ..."

Danko

The conflict between love and a sense of pride that Rudda and Loiko Zabar experience can be resolved only by the death of both of them. A romantic cannot compromise either love that knows no boundaries or absolute pride. But love presupposes humility and mutual ability to submit to a loved one. This is something neither Loiko nor Rudda can do.

How does Makar Chudra assess this position? He believes that this is how a real person, worthy of imitation, should perceive life, and that only with such a life position can one preserve one's own freedom.

The end of the story, where the narrator, looking into the darkness of the steppe, sees how the handsome gypsies Loiko Zobar and Radda, the daughter of the old soldier Danila, “circled in the darkness of the night smoothly and silently, and the handsome Loiko could not catch up with the proud Radda” ...

In these words - the author's admiration for their beauty and uncompromising, the power of their feelings, the understanding of the impossibility for the romantic consciousness of a different resolution of the conflict. At the same time, this is the realization of the futility of such an outcome of the matter: after all, even after the death of Loiko, in his pursuit he does not equal the proud Radda.

Creating the image of the old woman Izergil, Gorky gives her the opportunity to present both the romantic ideal, expressing the highest degree of love for people (Danko), and the anti-ideal, which embodied individualism and contempt for others (Larra) brought to its apogee.Larra's exceptional individualism is due to the fact that he is the son of an eagle who embodies the ideal of strength and will.

“He has already become like a shadow — it's time! He lives for thousands of years, the sun dried his body, blood and bones, and the wind sprayed them. This is what God can do to a man for pride! .. "- Izergil tells about Larra.

The images of Lara and Danko are in sharp contrast, although both of them are brave, strong and proud people. Lara lives by the laws of the strong, to whom "everything is permitted." He kills the girl, since she did not submit to his will, and steps her foot on her chest. Lara's cruelty is based on the sense of superiority of a strong personality over the crowd. Anyone who professes the morality "everything is allowed to the strong," awaits loneliness, which is more terrible than death. "The punishment for him is in himself." Lara, doomed to eternal life and eternal wandering, turns into a black shadow, dried up by the sun and winds. Condemning the egoist who only takes from people, giving nothing in return, the old woman Izergil says: "For everything that a person takes, he pays with himself, with his mind and strength, sometimes with his life."
Danko pays with his life, performing a feat in the name of the happiness of people. The blue sparks that flare up at night in the steppe are the sparks of his burning heart, which illuminated the road to freedom. An impenetrable forest, where giant trees stood like a stone wall, the greedy mouth of a swamp, strong and evil enemies gave birth to fear in people. Then Danko appeared: “What will I do for people,” Danko shouted louder than thunder. And suddenly he tore open his chest with his hands and tore his heart out of it and raised it high above his head. It blazed as brightly as the sun, and brighter than the sun, and the whole forest fell silent, illuminated by this torch of great love for people, and the darkness scattered from its light ... "

Makar Chudra is the hero of the story of the same name by Maxim Gorky, the narrator of the story about Radda and Zobar. He is 58 years old, he is a gypsy and wanders around the world. Despite his age and gray hair, he looks good, and the interlocutor compares him to an old, but still strong oak tree. He has a daughter named Nonka.

His main slogan in life is that you need to walk around the world and look, and as soon as you've seen enough, you can go to bed and die. He also tells the interlocutor different things about other people, for example, that people are strange, live in crowds, huddle together, although there is so much space on the planet, or that they work, giving all their vitality drop by drop to the ground, and then they will die and even their graves will not have time dig out.

Makar Chudra, according to him, went around the whole earth and was everywhere, never and nowhere lingered for a long time. Once, when he was in prison, he almost committed suicide, because of the inability to go where he wanted.

Makar tells a sad story about the beautiful Radda and the dashing gypsy Loiko Zobar, who could not give up their personal freedom by marrying each other, but chose death.