Evgenia Karpova my name is Ivan. Graduation essay
EVGENY VASILIEVICH KARPOV
At the end of 1967, Wolf Messing, after completing his performances in Stavropol, visited Evgeny Karpov. When Karpov's mother entered from the street, Messing suddenly became agitated, got up from the table and began repeating: “Oh, the long-liver has come! The long-liver has come! " and indeed: Baba Zhenya lived for several more decades, gladly telling everyone about the words of a telepathic wizard, and died at a ripe old age.
It is now becoming apparent that Messing could have made the same prediction for her son. But Karpov at that moment turned 48 years old (that is, he was almost twice younger than himself today), and Wolf Grigorievich did not look into such a distant future ...
A well-known writer in the Stavropol Territory was born on Monday, October 6, 1919 on the Esaulovka farm in the Rossoshansk District of the Voronezh Region. His father, hereditary railroad worker Vasily Maksimovich Karpov, the commander of a red armored train, was shot by soldiers of General Mamontov at the Talovaya station of the South-Eastern Railway on his son's birthday.
So, starting from the very first moments, the whole further life of E.V. Karpov will be inextricably linked with the fate and history of the country.
During the days of terror - he was in the camp: together with other prisoners, he was building a railway near Murmansk on the orders of L.P. Beria.
During the war - on the front line: a topographer at the headquarters battery on the Stalingrad front.
After the war - at the construction of the Volga giant named after V.I. XXII party congress: fitter, dispatcher, multi-circulation employee.
It was here, among the installers and builders of the hydroelectric power station, that Karpov the writer was truly born, although before that there was a Literary Institute named after V.I. A. M. Gorky, classes in the seminar of Konstantin Paustovsky. The living classic favored the former front-line soldier. After defending his diploma K. Paustovsky with the words: “Here, get acquainted. Maybe you will like something ”- put the Smena magazine into his hands. “I started leafing through,” recalls Karpov, “my dear mother! My story "Pearl". For the first time I saw my words printed, and even in the capital's magazine. "
In 1959, the Stalingrad Book Publishing House published the first book of Karpov's stories "My Relatives".
In 1960, the Leningrad magazine "Neva" in No. 4 publishes his story "Shifted Shores", which suddenly becomes the main publication of the year. Well-known literary critics write reviews in the magazines Don, Oktyabr, Znamya, In the World of Books. The story is published as a separate book in the Moscow publishing house "Soviet Russia". Reprinted in half a million circulation in Roman-Gazeta. Translated into Czech, Polish, French and Chinese. A film was shot based on it, in which Ivan Lapikov first appeared on the screen.
In 1961, Karpov was admitted to the Writers' Union of the USSR. The Neva magazine and the Sovetskaya Rossiya publishing house invite him to conclude contracts for a new story.
What is the reason for the official recognition and incredible success of "Shifted Banks"? I can assume the following ... At that time, the country was read by the books of V. Aksenov and A. Gladilin, whose heroes, city dudes with a touch of healthy cynicism, did not like the party and literary "generals" at all. And now a story appears, in the center of which the working youth with enthusiasm or, as the author himself writes, "coherently and energetically" is building a hydroelectric power plant. The ruling power wanted the people to read just such books, and they seized on it like a lifesaver. At that time it looked, if not funny, then at least naive. Where could she keep up with the "Star Ticket" or "The Chronicle of the Times of Viktor Podgursky." But what a trick-metamorphosis: a little more than half a century has passed and the once fashionable heroes of Aksenov and Gladilin have shrunk and faded away in our minds, and the heroes of Karpov, romantic creators, have acquired even greater significance, charm and necessity today.
Before moving to Stavropol, E. Karpov published two more stories: "Blue Winds" (1963) in the publishing house "Soviet Russia" and "Not Born Happy" (1965) - in "Soviet Writer". They are written about in the magazines Ogonyok, Oktyabr, Novy Mir, Zvezda, and in Literaturnaya Gazeta.
Since 1967, Karpov has been in Stavropol. From now on, the history of the Stavropol Territory, its people become for the writer the main theme of his work. "Chograyskie Dawns" (1967) is the first book by E. Karpov published in the Stavropol Territory. For two years he was the executive secretary of the Stavropol Writers' Organization.
His 50th anniversary was celebrated in the region not only with articles by A. Popovsky and V. Belousov in the press, but also with the publication of "The Chosen One" by the Stavropol Book Publishing House, the premiere of the play "Don't be Born Happy" on the stage of the Drama Theater. Lermontov, as well as awarding the hero of the day with the title "Honored Worker of Culture of the RSFSR".
In 1975, "Profizdat" publishes a documentary story by E. Karpov "High Mountain" - about the builders of the Great Stavropol Canal. The regional publishing house publishes the collection "Your brother": it contains a scattering of poetically subtle, deep and tragic stories - "Five poplars", "Brutus", "My name is Ivan", "Forgive me, Motya".
In 1980, the Sovremennik publishing house published the novel Sultry Field - a large-scale biography of the first secretary of the Izobilnensky district party committee GK Gorlov, where the fate of the country is explored through the fate of the hero.
The next year, a small but unique book "On Seven Hills" ("Soviet Russia") was published - essays about Stavropol and its eminent inhabitants, known throughout the Soviet Union. This book is like an old wine: its value and significance grow every year.
A quarter of a century later, Doctor of Philology, Professor of Stavropol State University Lyudmila Petrovna Egorova in the article "Literary Stavropoliana" published in the almanac "Literary Stavropol Territory", focused on the essays "On Seven Hills", explaining this by the fact that Karpov was able to issue a "new business card "To industrial Stavropol:" Of the writers of Stavropol, E. Karpov, perhaps, was the first to deduce the generalized human component of the city: "The city is the concentrated energy of human genius, its constant development, intense search." Therefore, human characteristics are necessarily present in the generalized definitions of the City: “Courage, courage, diligence, breadth of nature, her nobility - this is Stavropol, a city on seven hills, on seven winds. And they are all passing. "
In the early 90s, having released the novel "Buruny" (1989), E. Karpov moved to Moscow. In vain he does not take into account the bitter experience of Stavropol friends-writers who had moved to Moscow earlier - Andrei Gubin and Vladimir Gneushev. The latter publicly regretted their thoughtless move:
We must live in the homeland where they love
Where envy and lies are dead.
In Chuzhbin, where strangers are everywhere,
Milk, my friend Andryusha Gubin,
You can't even drink from a she-wolf.
In the fall of 1999, Karpov visits Stavropol for the last time. Journalist Gennady Khasminsky, after a meeting with him, publishes the material “They don’t renounce confession” in the newspaper “Stavropolskie gubernskiye vedomosti” for the 80th anniversary of the writer:
“I have the impression that I have come to my home,” said Evgeny Vasilyevich. - As for Stavropol, it has become much cleaner and more comfortable ... Many beautiful buildings have appeared. I walked along familiar streets, remembered my friends, visited the artist Zhenya Bitsenko's studio, and met with the writer Vadim Chernov. Vladyka Gideon received me, gave me a blessing for the book "The Link of Times" - about the revival of Orthodoxy, on which I am now working.
I don't think I have lived my life in vain. Any life is never wasted, except perhaps criminal. And a simple human life ... It is already so good that I saw the sun, met sunrises and sunrises, saw the steppe. I love the steppe more than the sea, because I am a steppe. And it’s not in vain that I have lived my life because I have children, grandchildren, and many friends. ”
Currently, E. Karpov lives in Kiev, where he has a daughter, Alena, and a son, Lev, who work in Ukrainian cinema. Published in the Russian-language magazine "Rainbow". Kiev publishing houses have published several voluminous volumes of the writer: "New Heaven" (2004), "Thy Will Be Done" (2006), "Everything Was as It Was" (2008).
Fortunately, his most important book is "Gog and Magog: Reporting-Chronicle, 1915-1991." was published in Stavropol in the magazine "South Star" in 2005. And here we all must express our gratitude to the publisher Viktor Kustov. He makes vigorous efforts to preserve the works of E. Karpov in the treasury of classical Russian literature.
Vadim Chernov, who for a long time appreciated only his own creativity, in his declining years honored Karpov with an unprecedented characterization: “His authority overshadowed mine and even Cherny, Usov, Melibeyev and other old people put together. Karpov is a bright star among writers not only in the North Caucasus ”.
Evgeny Vasilievich even today begins his day at the computer, working on the story "Baba Nastusya" - the story of the appearance in the Karpovs' house of a beautifully published tome "Bible". This book in a homemade oilcloth binding with a large yellow metal cross is familiar to many Stavropol writers.
Karpov is often visited by a priest from the nearby temple of Prince Vladimir. They have long, leisurely conversations.
And only if the conversation concerns Stavropol, Karpov cannot hold back tears ...
Nikolay Sakhvadze
// Stavropol chronograph for 2014. - Stavropol, 2014. - pp. 231–236.
My name is Ivan
At the very end of the war, the Germans set fire to a tank in which Semyon Avdeev was a tower shooter.
For two days, blind, burned, with a broken leg, Semyon crawled among some ruins. It seemed to him that the blast wave threw him out of the tank into a deep hole.
For two days, one step at a time, half a step, one centimeter per hour, he climbed out of this smoky pit towards the sun, into the fresh wind, dragging his broken leg, often losing consciousness. On the third day, sappers found him barely alive on the ruins of an ancient castle. And for a long time, the amazed sappers wondered how a wounded tanker could get to this ruin that no one needed ...
In the hospital, Semyon's leg was taken off to the knee and then they drove for a long time to famous professors so that they could restore his sight.
Only nothing came of it ...
While Semyon was surrounded by comrades like him, crippled, while a smart, kind doctor was with him, while nurses carefully looked after him, he somehow forgot about his injury, lived like everyone else lives. For laughter, for a joke, he forgot grief.
But when Semyon left the hospital on the city street - not for a walk, but completely, into life, he suddenly felt the whole world completely different from the one that surrounded him yesterday, the day before yesterday, and all his past life.
Although Semyon was told a few weeks ago that his vision would not return, he still held hope in his heart. And now everything has collapsed. It seemed to Semyon that he again found himself in that black hole where the blast wave had thrown him. Only then did he passionately want to get out into the fresh wind, to the sun, he believed that he would get out, but now there was not that certainty. Anxiety crept into my heart. The city was incredibly noisy, and the sounds were somehow elastic, and it seemed to him that if he took even one step forward, these elastic sounds would throw him back, hurt him painfully against the stones.
The hospital is behind. Together with everyone, Semyon scolded him for boredom, did not expect how to get out of him, and now he suddenly became so dear, so necessary. But you will not return there, although he is still very close. We must go forward, but it’s scary. Afraid of a seething, cramped city, but most of all, he is afraid of himself:
He brought Semyon Leshko Kupriyanov out of his torpor.
- Oh, and the weather! Now I would only take a walk with the girl! Yes, in the field, yes, to collect flowers, but to run.
I like to fool around. Well let's go! Why are you stuck?
They went.
Semyon heard how the prosthesis creaked and clapped, how Leshka breathed heavily, with a hiss. These were the only familiar, close sounds, and the clang of trams, screams of cars, children's laughter seemed alien, cold. They parted in front of him, ran around. The stones of the pavement, some posts got tangled underfoot, interfered with walking.
Semyon knew Leshka for about a year. Small in stature, he often served him as a crutch. Sometimes, Semyon lay on the bed and shouted: "Nurse, give me a crutch," and Leshka would run up and squeak, fooling around:
“I’m here, Count. Give your whitest pen. Place it, my lordship, on my unworthy shoulder.
So they walked in an embrace. Semyon was well aware of Leshkino's round, armless shoulder, and a cut, cut head by touch. And now he put his hand on Leschke's shoulder and his soul immediately became calm.
They sat all night, first in the dining room, and then in the restaurant at the station. When they walked to the dining room, Leshka said that they would drink a hundred grams each, have a good supper and leave with the night train. We drank as agreed. Leshka suggested repeating. Semyon did not refuse, although he rarely drank. The vodka went surprisingly easily today. The hops were pleasant, did not stupefy the head, but aroused good thoughts in it. True, it was impossible to concentrate on them. They were nimble and slippery, like fish, and, like fish, they slipped out and disappeared into the dark distance. This made my heart feel melancholy, but the melancholy did not linger for a long time. It was replaced by memories or naive but pleasant fantasies. It seemed to Semyon that one morning he would wake up and see the sun, grass, a ladybug. And then suddenly a girl appeared. He clearly saw the color of her eyes, hair, felt soft cheeks. This girl fell in love with him, with a blind man. They talked a lot about them in the ward and even read a book aloud.
Lesha did not have his right hand and three ribs. The war, as he spoke with a laugh, cut him into a nut. In addition, he was wounded in the neck. After the operation of the throat, he spoke intermittently, with a hiss, but Semyon was used to these, not very similar to human sounds. They annoyed him less than the accordion players who played waltz than the flirtatious cooing of the woman at the next table.
From the very beginning, as soon as they began to serve wine and snacks on the table, Leshka chatted merrily, laughed contentedly:
- Eh, Senka, I like nothing in the world so much as a well-arranged table! I love to have fun - especially to devour! Before the war, we used to go to the Bear Lakes in the summer with the whole plant. Brass band and buffets! And I - with an accordion. There is a company under every bush, and in every company I, like Sadko, are a welcome guest. "Stretch out, Alexey light-Nikolaevich." And what not to stretch if they ask and the wine is already poured. And some blue-eyed ham on a fork brings me ...
They drank, ate, drank, savoring, cold thick beer. Leshka continued to enthusiastically talk about his Moscow region. There, his sister lives in his own house. She works as a technician at a chemical plant. Sister, as Leshka assured, will surely fall in love with Semyon. They will get married. Then they will have children. Children will have as many toys as you want and whatever you want. Semyon will make them himself in the artel, where they will work.
Soon it became difficult for Leshka to speak: he was tired, and, it seemed, he stopped believing in what he was talking about. They were silent more, they drank more ...
Semyon remembers how Leshka wheezed: "We are lost people, it would be better if they kill us completely." He remembers how the head became heavier, how it got dark in it - the bright visions disappeared. Cheerful voices and music completely pissed him off. I wanted to beat everyone, smash, Leshka hissed:
- Don't go home. Who needs you there like that?
Home? Where is home? A long time ago, a long time ago, maybe
a hundred years ago he had a house. And there was a garden, and a birdhouse on a birch, and rabbits. Small, with red eyes, they confidently jumped towards him, sniffed at his sa-pogi, and funny moved their pink nostrils. Mother ... Semyon was called an "anarchist" because, although he studied well at school, he desperately hooligans, smoked, for organizing merciless raids on gardens and vegetable gardens with the lads. And she, mother, never scolded him. Father mercilessly flogged, and mother only timidly asked not to be a hooligan. She herself gave money for cigarettes and in every possible way hid Semyonov's tricks from her father. Semyon loved his mother and helped her in everything: chopping wood, carrying water, cleaning the barn. The neighbors were jealous of Anna Filippovna, looking at how cleverly their son handled the household,
“There will be a breadwinner,” they said, “and the seventeenth will wash away the boyish nonsense.
The drunken Semyon remembered this word - "breadwinner" - and repeated to himself, gritting his teeth so as not to burst into tears. What kind of breadwinner is he now? Collar for the mother's neck.
The comrades saw how Semyon's tank burned, but no one saw how Semyon got out of it. A notification was sent to the mother that her son had died. And now Semyon thought, should she remind her of her worthless life? Should I resent her tired, broken heart with new pain?
An intoxicated woman was laughing nearby. Leshka kissed her with wet lips and hissed something incomprehensible. The dishes rattled, the table turned over, and the earth turned over.
We woke up in the woodshed at the restaurant. Someone caring laid them straw, gave them two old blankets. The money has been spent on everything, the requirements for tickets have been lost, and it’s six days' drive to Moscow. I didn't have enough conscience to go to the hospital, to say that they were robbed.
Leshka offered to go without tickets, in the position of beggars. Semyon was even afraid to think about it. He suffered for a long time, but there is nothing to do. We must go, we must eat. Semyon agreed to go through the cars, but he would not say anything, he would pretend to be dumb.
We entered the carriage. Leshka briskly began his speech in his hoarse voice:
- Brothers and sisters, help the unfortunate cripples ...
Semyon walked bent over, as if through a cramped black dungeon. It seemed to him that sharp stones hung over his head. From afar came the rumble of voices, but as soon as he and Leshka approached, this rumble disappeared, and Semyon heard only Leshka and the clinking of coins in the pi-tray. Semyon shivered from this jingle. He lowered his head lower, hiding his eyes, forgetting that they were blind, unable to see reproach, anger, or regret.
The further they went, the more unbearable Leshka's crying voice became for Semyon. It was stuffy in the carriages. There was no longer anything to breathe, when suddenly a fragrant meadow wind smelled in his face from the open window, and Semyon was frightened of him, staggered back, hurt his head painfully on the shelf.
We went through the whole train, collected more than two hundred rubles and got off at the station for lunch. Leshka was pleased with the first success, boastfully talking about his happy "planid". Semyon wanted to cut off Leshka, hit him, but even more wanted to get drunk as soon as possible, to get rid of himself.
They drank cognac in three stars, ate crabs, cakes, since there was nothing else in the buffet.
Having got drunk, Leshka found friends in the neighborhood, danced with them to the accordion, bawled songs. Semyon cried at first, then somehow forgot himself, began to stamp, and then sing along, clap his hands and finally sang:
And we do not sow, but we do not plow, And an ace, an eight and a jack, And wave a handkerchief from prison, Four on the side - and yours are not ...,
... They again were left without a penny of money at someone else's distant station.
Friends traveled to Moscow for a month. Leshka had become so accustomed to begging that sometimes he even made a joke, singing vulgar jokes. Semyon no longer felt any remorse. He reasoned simply: you need money to get to Moscow - do not steal? And what they drink is temporary. He will come to Moscow, get a job in an artel and take his mother to him, be sure to take her, and maybe even marry. And well, happiness falls out for other cripples, and so does he ...
Semyon sang front-line songs. He held himself confidently, proudly raising his head with dead eyes, shaking his long, thick hair to the beat of the song. And it turned out that he was not asking for alms, but condescendingly taking the remuneration due to him. He had a good voice, the songs came out sincere, the passengers generously served the blind singer.
The passengers especially liked the song, in which it was told how a soldier was quietly dying in a green meadow, an old birch bent over him. She stretched out her arms to the soldier, as if she were a mother. The soldier tells the birch that a mother and a girl are expecting him in a distant village, but he will not come to them, because he is betrothed to "a white birch forever", and that she is now his "bride and mother". In conclusion, the soldier asks: "Sing, my birch, sing, my bride, about the living, about the kind, about people in love - I will sweetly sleep with this song."
It happened that in another carriage Semyon was asked to sing this song several times. Then they carried away with them in their caps not only silver, but also a bunch of paper money.
Upon arrival in Moscow, Leshka flatly refused to go to the artel. Wandering on electric trains, as he said, is not dusty and monetary work. Only and worries to sneak away from the policeman. True, this is not always a success. Then he was sent to a nursing home, but he safely escaped from there the very next day.
Visited the home for the disabled and Semyon. Well, he said, it was both satisfying and cozy, the supervision was good, the artists came, and it all seemed as if you were buried in a mass grave. I was also in the artel. "They took it like a thing that they don't know where to put it, and put it on the bench." All day he sat and spanked - stamped some cans. Right and left, the presses clapped, dryly, annoyingly. An iron box rattled across the concrete floor, in which the workpieces were dragged and the finished parts were dragged away. The old man, who was carrying this box, several times approached Semyon and whispered, breathing the tobacco fumes:
- You are here for a day, sit another, and ask for another job. If only for a quickdraw. You will earn there. And here the work is hard ", and the earnings are a little ... Don't be silent, but step on your throat, otherwise ... It would be better to take a liter and drink with the master. ...
Semyon listened to the angry talk of the shop, the teachings of the old man and thought that he was not needed here at all, and everything here was alien to him. Especially clearly he felt his restlessness during lunch.
The cars fell silent. I heard the talk and laughter of people. They sat down on workbenches, on boxes, untied their knots, rattling pots, rustling paper. It smelled of homemade pickles, garlic cutlets. Early in the morning, these nodules were collected by the hands of mothers or wives. The working day will end and all these people will go home. There they are expected, there they are dear. And he? Who cares about him? Nobody will even take you to the dining room, sit without lunch. And so Semyon wanted home warmth, someone's affection ... Go to his mother? “No, it's too late now. Go to waste everything. "
- Comrade, - someone touched Semyon on the shoulder. - Why did you embrace the stamp? Come and eat with us.
Semyon shook his head.
- Well, as you wish, or else let's go. Don’t blame.
It always happens like this again, and then you get used to it.
Semyon would have gone home at the same moment, but he did not know the way. Leshka brought him to work and in the evening he had to come for him. But he didn’t come. Semyon was waiting for him for an hour. He was escorted home by a changed watchman.
My hands ached out of habit, my back was breaking. Without washing, without having supper, Semyon went to bed and fell asleep in a heavy, anxious sleep. Leshka woke up. He came drunk, with a drunken company, with bottles of vodka. Semyon began to drink greedily ...
The next day I didn't go to work. Again we walked through the carriages.
A long time ago, Semyon stopped pondering over his life, ceased to be upset by his blindness, he lived as God laid down on his soul. He sang badly: he broke his voice. Instead of songs, it was a continuous scream. He did not have the same confidence in his gait, pride in the manner of holding his head, there was only impudence. But the generous Muscovites gave it anyway, so they read money from their friends.
After several scandals, Leshka's sister left for an apartment. A beautiful house with carved windows has turned into a den.
Anna Filippovna has aged greatly in recent years. During the war, a husband died somewhere while digging trenches. The announcement of the death of her son finally knocked her down, I think it would not rise, but somehow everything worked out. After the war, her niece Shura came to her (she had just graduated from college at that time, she got married), came and said: “Why, aunt, are you going to live here as an orphan, sell the house and come to me”. Neighbors condemned Anna Filippovna, they say, it is most important for a person to have his own corner. Whatever happens, but your house and live neither damned nor crumpled. And then you sell the hut, the money will fly by, and then who knows how it will turn out.
It may be that people spoke the truth, but only the niece from an early age got used to Anna Filippovna, treated her like her own mother, and sometimes lived with her for several years, because they did not get along with her stepmother. In a word, Anna Filippovna made up her mind. I sold the house and went to Shura's, lived for four years and didn’t complain. And she really liked Moscow.
Today she went to see the dacha, which the young people rented for the summer. She liked the dacha: a garden, a small vegetable garden.
Thinking that the boys need to fix their old shirts, trousers for the village today, she heard a song. In some ways she was familiar to her, and in what way, not to understand. Then I realized - a voice! Understood and shuddered, turned pale.
For a long time she did not dare to look in that direction, she was afraid that the painfully familiar voice would disappear. And yet she looked. She looked ... Senka!
Mother, as if blind, stretched out her hands and went to meet her son. Now she is already next to him, put her hands on his shoulders. And Senkina's shoulders, with sharp little bumps. I wanted to call my son by name and could not - there was no air in my chest and there was not enough strength to breathe.
The blind man fell silent. He felt the woman's hands and was alert.
The passengers saw how the beggar turned pale, how he wanted to say something and could not - suffocated. Have seen
passengers, as a blind man put his hand on a woman's hair and immediately pulled her back.
"Senya," the woman said softly, weakly.
The passengers got up and waited in awe for his answer.
The blind man at first only moved his lips, and then muffledly said:
- Citizen, you are mistaken. My name is Ivan.
- How! - exclaimed the mother. - Senya, what are you ?! The blind man pushed her aside and with a quick uneven gait
went on and did not sing any more.
The passengers saw how the woman looked after the beggar and whispered: "He, he." There were no tears in her eyes, only pleading and suffering. Then they disappeared, and anger remained. The terrible anger of the offended mother ...
She lay in a heavy swoon on the sofa. An elderly man was bending over her, probably a doctor. The passengers in a whisper asked each other to disperse, to give access to fresh air, but did not disperse.
“Maybe she was wrong?” Someone asked hesitantly.
- Mother will not be mistaken, - the gray-haired woman answered,
- So why didn't he confess?
- But how can one admit it?
- Silly...
A few minutes later, Semyon entered and asked:
- Where is my mother?
“You no longer have a mother,” the doctor replied.
Wheels knocked. For a minute, Semyon, as if he had received his sight, saw people, was frightened of them and began to back away. The cap fell out of my hands; a little crumbled, rolled across the floor, coldly and uselessly tinkling ...
What arguments can you take from this interesting story?
First, of course, you need to write about the role of the mother in a person's life.It is possible that Semyon offended his mother, repented, but it was too late ...
Secondly, about the role of friends in our life. If this front-line soldier had not been next to Semyon, maybe he would have returned home to his mother ...
Thirdly, you can write about the harmful role of drunkenness ...
Fourthly, we can give an example in condemning the war, which so breaks human destinies.
Kassil Lev "The Tale of the Absent"
Topic: "Evgeny Karpov" My name is Ivan ". The spiritual fall of the protagonist "Goals:
educational: acquaintance with the text of the story;
developing: analysis of the work; to characterize the image of the main character in a difficult life situation; find out the reasons for the moral fall of the hero;
educational: to find out the reader's attitude to the main character of the story.
Introduction. A word about the writer.
The world of words and images of the writer Yevgeny Karpov is bright and sunny. What do you like about his works? That they were written by a good person with whom you can argue, disagree in views and tastes, because he presupposes a critical attitude towards himself.
Evgeny Vasilievich Karpov was born in 1919. Until the age of twenty, his peers remained boys, after twenty they left to fight. After going through the long miles of war, the writer comes to the maturity of life and decides to write about what has been done by his generation, which has risen from the soul and ignorance for the future.
Critics have the right to judge the skill and significance of a work. But only Time is the best judge in the world. Life dictates to create material values. What makes humanity create spiritual values? Evgeny Karpov tries to answer this question in his works.
^ Reading the story "My name is Ivan".
Read Conversation:
(The main character of the story, Semyon Avdeev, a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, caught fire in a tank and was seriously injured. He miraculously escaped: a blind man with a broken leg for two days crawled “one step”, “half a step”, “one centimeter per hour.” And Only on the third day did the sappers pick him up, barely alive, to the hospital, where his leg was taken off to the knee, and he also lost his sight.)
How did Ivan feel in the hospital?
(While there were comrades and caring people nearby, he forgot about his misfortune. But the time came, and he went out not for a walk, but, as they say, into life. He needed to take care of himself. And then he felt that he was again in "Black pit".)
Ivan Avdeev leaves the hospital. How does the new reality meet him without support and help?
(The city began to boil around Semyon and his friend Leshka Kupriyanov. It was necessary to live on.
The doctors did not promise that Semyon's eyesight would return, but he hoped to wake up one day and again see "the sun, grass, ladybug."
^ Lyosha also had bad traces of the war: “there was no right hand and three ribs”.
The comrades were left alone with reality, and very soon they ate, and even more, drank their small funds. They decided to go to the Moscow region, to the homeland of Lyoshka. But Semyon had his own house, garden, mother. But it all seems to have remained in a past life that cannot be returned.)
(But there was a time: Semyon was a hooligan, fighting boy, who often received a belt from his father. And his mother ... She did not scold her son for leprosy and said: “There will be a breadwinner.” The breadwinner did not come out of him.)
What path does Semyon and Lenka Kupriyanov choose?
(They start begging. "Brothers and sisters, help the unfortunate cripples ..."
With these words, Semyon and Lyoshka entered the carriage, and coins began to fall into the outstretched cap. At first Semyon shivered from this "tinkling", he tried to hide his blind eyes.
^ But the experience turned out to be successful, and the friends made good money. Lyoshka was pleased, and Semyon wanted to get drunk and forget himself as soon as possible.
And they drank again, then danced to the accordion, sang songs, and Semyon cried at first, and then forgot himself.)
Did fate give them a chance upon arrival in Moscow to choose a different path in life?
(Upon arrival in Moscow, Lyoshka refused to go to the artel - it was much easier to beg.
Semyon went to the House of Invalids, even worked one day in the shop, where "the press clapped, dryly and annoyingly." The workers sat down to dinner, and in the evening they would all go home. "They are expected there, there they are expensive." And Semyon wanted warmth and affection, but he thought it was too late to go to his mother.
^ The next day he did not go to work, because in the evening a drunk Lyoshka came with the company, and everything started spinning again. And soon Leshka's house turned into a brothel.)
How did the fate of Semyon's mother develop?
(And at that time, Semyon's mother, who had grown old, who had lost her husband and son, who raised her niece, continued to live, take care of her grandchildren and moved to Moscow.
One day she heard a voice so familiar. She was afraid to turn in the direction from which he heard: "Senka". The mother went to meet her son, she put her hands on her shoulders. "The blind man was silent." Feeling the woman's hands, he turned pale, wanted to say something.
“Senya,” the woman said quietly.
- My name is Ivan, - Semyon said and quickly walked on.)
Why did Semyon not confess to his mother that it was him?
What feelings do you have for the hero of the story?
What broke Semyon and his comrade, people who went through the war?
^ Homework : Tell us about the problem raised in the story "My name is Ivan".
LESSON №8
Topic: "The image of the mother in the works of I. Chumak" Mother "," Herods "," Strange "
Goals:
educational: to acquaint students with the works of I. Chumak;
developing: to reveal the greatness of the mother's image in the studied works; to give the concept of expressions "maternal feeling", "maternal heart"; develop monologue speech;
educational: to show the generosity, forgiveness of the mother, the ability to sympathize with people even in the most difficult moment of life, not to lose the presence of mind, to instill respect for the mother woman.
A word about the writer.
All that he wrote is based on genuine knowledge of life and people. In a brief annotation to the last lifetime book of the writer "Living Placers" it is said: "This is a collection of short stories - novellas. There is not a single line of fiction in the narrative. Everything is either experienced by the author himself or seen with his own eyes.
Ilya Chumak was a strict realist, but he did not copy reality. Artistic generalization is inherent in his works, making the real phenomena of life more colorful and vivid.
What attracted Ilya Chumak as a writer? He was a heroic writer.
Ilya Chumak, both as a writer and as a person, was sharp, but at the same time of a kind character. He was kind and open-minded towards those whom he saw in useful activities for the good of the Motherland.
^ Work on the topic of the lesson.
^ Reading and discussing the story "Mother":
Why did Maria Ivanovna, having received the first letter from her son, take to bed? (She lived next door to the airfield, and it was incomprehensibly scary to her to look at the turns and dead loops that the pilots made, because her son was also a pilot, and even fought.)
How do you understand the words of Marya Ivanovna: "When you become a mother, you will understand everything." (Even though the news from her son was good, the mother's heart was restless.)
Why didn't Maria Ivanovna rise to meet the postman? Has she stopped waiting for letters? (No. Her maternal feelings suggested that the postman would not bring her letters).
What else told her that the irreparable had happened? (Daughter's eyes).
How did Maria Ivanovna try to console her grief? (She knitted socks and warm mittens. And imposed so many that it turned out to be a whole package).
How did the mother behave when she heard a message from her daughter that her son had died? ("The old woman did not stagger, did not scream, did not clutch at her heart. She just sighed heavily.")
So why did the mother continue to knit, knowing that her son was dead? (She is a mother. And the fighters who defended her homeland from the enemy were as dear to her as her own son, they were also someone's sons. And having lost her son, she realized how close they are to her.)
What conclusion can be drawn from reading this story? (How much kindness and warmth there is in a mother's heart, how much courage and love there is.)
^ Reading and discussion of the story "Herods":
What offended Praskovya Ivanovna in relations with her sons? (When she raised them, she fought in her widow's share with all her might, and they, sons, having become adults, forgot about their mother and did not help her.)
Why did Praskovya Ivanovna not sue the children for "a year, two, or maybe all ten"? (These were her children, she felt sorry for them, she thought that the mothers themselves would think of helping).
What decision was made by the court? (Children were supposed to send mothers 15 rubles a month).
How did Praskovya Ivanovna react to the court decision and why? (She lamented, called the judges Herods, because their decision, in her opinion, was cruel towards her sons. No matter how they treated their mother, they were her children. probably, she forgave her unlucky sons, because mothers are always ready to forgive, protect their children, the most precious thing they have.)
What is the main idea of the novel? (A mother loves and is ready to forgive her children, to protect them from those who, as it seems to her, offend them. This special feeling is mother's love, all-forgiving love.)
^ Reading and discussing the story "Strange":
Who decided to visit their grief-stricken mother? (An old woman who heard of her grief.)
What did Ivan Timofeevich feel when he heard from a strange unfamiliar old woman about the decision to go to his wife? (He was worried that the old woman, with her consolation, would crush Masha's heart even more.)
What could the two mothers talk about? (About her grief, about losing her sons. Only Masha lost one son, and the old woman received a funeral for her seven sons. About the fact that you need to live, no matter what).
Why is the story called "Strange"? (She was strange, probably because she consoled a person she did not know, because she understood that she could comfort, because she experienced seven times more grief and understood well the suffering of this woman.)
^ Summing up the lesson:
And the question involuntarily arises: “Are we taking care of our mothers? Do we give them as much love and attention as they do to us, children who are infinitely loved? " It is worth thinking about it in order to upset our mothers, our only ones, less.
^ Homework: write an essay on the topic: "The image of the mother in the works of I. Chumak".
LESSON №9
Topic: “V. Butenko "The Wasp Year". The relationship of "fathers" and "children"
Goals:
educational: to introduce students to the story; determine the main idea of the work; explore the perennial problem of relationships between representatives of different generations;
developing: to form the ability to analyze the work, draw conclusions;
educational: instill respect for parents, sincerity and a true sense of kindness.
Organizational moment.
Reading and analysis of V. Butenko's story "The Wasp Year".
What impression did the story make on you?
Who does Eutrop Lukich live with? (He lives alone, but he has a son and daughter who live separately from his father. His loneliness is shared by his neighbor and friend Kupriyan and the cat.)
How is Eutrop Lukich's life? (“The day was leaving for business, a fresh evening was coming, he sat up with his friend Kupriyan, talked about life. When the neighbor left, grandfather Eutropus trudged into his courtyard, dined in a temporary house with the cat, listened to“ Latest news. ”Having learned the weather for tomorrow, the old man sat down to smoke. Thinking and dropping his hands with a cigarette to the very ground, and then rubbing his cigarette butt with the toe of his boot, he went to sleep under the awning. ")
What was Eutrop Lukich thinking, "dropping his hand with a cigarette to the very ground"? (Most likely, he was thinking about his life, about his loneliness in old age, although he had a son and a daughter).
What can you say about the son of Eutropus Lukich? (He lives in the city and does not want to return to his father in the village. He has a three-room apartment with all amenities, he has a family.)
With what proposal does Vasily come to his father? (He persuades Eutropus Lukich to move to live with him in a city where there is a good park, cinema, dancing, "doctors - first class".)
Does the father agree to go to his son? Why? (No. Lukich is accustomed to living on the land, doing housework, land. He loves to drink well water, eat fruits that he has grown himself. Lukich has everything: his honey, and tobacco. And while he has the strength, he wants to live in his house , in their home page.
^ The grandfather handed the gift to the city, escorted his son to the alley and smiled uncertainly. He promised to think about moving.)
What did Kupriyan tell Eutrop Lukich when he found out why Vasily came? (He told the story of another lonely father who went to visit his son in Stavropol.)
How did his relatives treat the old man? (They greeted him unfriendly, put him to bed on a "lame" cot, the son didn't even have anything to talk about with his father, "stared at the TV." Grandfather got ready and went to his village.)
What conclusion did Kupriyan and grandfather Lukich make? ("Blood is one, but life is different.")
How do you understand this expression? (Matured children have their own lives, especially if they live in a city. They are torn off from the earth, from their roots and no longer need their parents.)
So why did the son of Eutropus Lukich actually come? (He needs money, the queue for the Zhiguli is coming up, but there is no money. There is a way out: to sell his father's house and take him to his place.)
What is the main point of the story? (It is not out of a sense of filial duty that the son of his father is calling to live with him, it is not a feeling of compassion that motivates him, the reason is obvious - the need for money.)
What is your attitude to the problem raised in the story?
Generalization.
^ Homework: write an essay - a reflection on the topic: "And the tears of old people are a reproach for us."
LESSON №10
Topic: “Ian Bernard“ Peaks of Pyatigorye ”. Admiration for the beauty of native nature "
^ Objectives:
educational: to acquaint students with the poetic works of the author;
developing: continue to work on the formation of the ability to analyze a poetic work, to convey the feelings and moods of the author;
educational: to instill love for the native land, native land.
My peaks of Pyatigorye
And my cities are priceless.
Here, from the first to the last dawn, I
Painted your creations.
Ian Bernard
^ Lesson progress
Organizational moment.
A word about the author
When the Great Patriotic War ended, Ignat Bernard joined the Red Army as a construction battalion fighter and begged the commander to leave his sons with him.
Jacek and Stasik became the children of the battalion. The Bernard family remained in their second homeland.
Ian Bernard now lives in Stavropol. She conducts social work and continues her work.
In the preface to the collection Peaks of Pyatigorye, Ian Bernard wrote: “I have been circling Stavropol for more than twelve years. And only now, having become gray-haired, I realized: it is impossible to part with Stavropol - this is beyond my strength! I thank You, Lord, for your Light, thank you! "
Jan Bernard cares about the landscapes of Stavropol, meetings with noble readers who “cried and laughed to tears” at concerts of the author's poetry.
^ Reading and analysis of poems by Jan Bernard.
Mashuk, cut by fog,
Airy in a cloudy window.
In places the forest is like soot, black
Deep in the milky depth.
Already dressed in chain mail,
Cut through on the steepness.
And you, surprised by the landscape,
You are silent with the mountain alone.
What do you think tensely about
Rocks stroking the hump,
For a long time I wandered in the green paradise
On the lace of June trails?
Now you look mesmerized
As a branch falls into a snowdrift.
It is not without reason that I wanted to start a conversation about the works of Jan Bernard with this poem. It has so much lyricism and admiration for one of the most famous mountains of Pyatigorye - Mashuk. Mashuk is in the fog, it is airy, its peaks are covered with snow, and the author prefers to contemplate such beauty alone, "stroking the hump of the rock." What can delight in a cold winter landscape? Probably, the fact that quite recently the poet wandered "along the lace of June paths", and now his eye is fascinated by the cold, frozen beauty, dressed as if in chain mail.
In the poem, the author uses epithets and metaphors that convey the mood from the meeting with the winter landscape of Mashuk. This is not the only poem dedicated to Mashuk. And each is like a pearl of a precious necklace.
We turn over the page of the collection and here is a dedication to the Iron Mountain.
"Beauty of the Lord"(read by a student)
Around the healing mountain of Zheleznaya,
Along the ring forest alley
A walk in the wilderness of the Middle Kingdom
Any earthly bliss is sweeter.
Oh, how many times have I under the sheer cliff
The holy birds sang wonderfully.
In the grip of mental pain and bodily
I suddenly became brighter.
And the sailboat was already like,
And the maple looked like a mast
And I swam on the highbrow waves
And again I am looming in the green.
From the feelings that surged in their native thicket,
I weep before the Beauty of the Lord.
The author calls the Iron Mountain healing, i.e. healing, healing wounds, because at its foot springs of "living" water, generously donated by the earth, are beating. And these sources heal not only bodily pain, but also mental pain, because the holy birds sing wonderfully.
What does the poet compare the cliff with and why? What feelings does he have when looking at the Iron Mountain?
(The poet compares a cliff with a sailing ship, a maple with a mast, and one can imagine how the author floats away “along the high-browed waves” into “The Beauty of the Lord.” And tears of joy fill his soul, and it is brighter (soul) from earthly and unearthly beauty. )
"A moment of bloom"(read by a student)
I looked - what a beauty, -
Will it really be perishable?
Pure as a childhood dream -
Shines extraordinarily.
The Lord Himself kissed on the mouth,
And he called her Elena.
And in the eyes - the height shines,
And the spring of the universe itself.
God! Give the poet words
To sing of your Creation,
And so that the blue sparkles in them,
And they knew no decay
However, even the foliage of the stars withers,
But the moment of flowering is eternal.
In this poem one can feel the author's delight in the moment of flowering, which is pure, "like a childhood dream." The author again turns to the Lord, because this is his creation, which will not be decayed, it is eternal - “a moment of flowering”.
Poems by Jan Bernard are dedicated not only to nature, its beauty at different times of the year. There are declarations of love for familiar, dear dreams.
"Old street"(read by a student)
On a quiet old street
Almost deserted, like in a dream.
It was like I met a painting
Familiar to me long ago.
Here is a cloud hanging as an avalanche
Equal with a high tower
Another white ballerina
Deep in the green melts.
Houses are silent. And the dog is silent
He barely looked over me.
Roof stains in the attic
Keeping your palette for centuries,
The trees are wrapped like
By the mysterious shimmer of the day.
Find epithets, personifications in the text. What is their significance?
Generalization:
What fascinates him?
What is the mood of his poems?
What do you feel when reading the poet's poems?
Homework: prepare an expressive reading and analysis of any poem of the poet.
A. Gelasimov in his creation raises an important problem of misunderstanding of family relations.
The author tells how the hero met his mother and sister after a long time of their absence, but did not find the words to talk to them, and only at the end it is told that the character, having already gone down the subway, suddenly realized whom he had lost.
Andrei Valerievich is trying to convey to the reader that a mother is a creature dear to everyone, which we should not forget about in any case.
I completely agree with him, because indeed, spiritual kinship, understanding between family members should be maintained throughout their life.
A striking example is the work of Evgeny Karpov "My name is Ivan", which tells about a son who betrayed his mother: the son, who was blinded in the war, did not return to his home, to his mother. An unexpected meeting on the train, when Semyon shouts another name in the face of his mother, who recognized him by his voice, does his job. The son's betrayal, bitterness and resentment stop the heart of a loving mother ...
An opposite example of the behavior of a son can be seen in "The Son's Duty" by Irina Kuramshina. The main character, Maxim, donates his own kidney to a sick mother, despite the fact that she was, as the text says, a "bad mother"
Thus, we can conclude that it is the understanding, the spiritual relationship between children and parents that play an important role in the life of every person.
Updated: 2017-10-30
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Works from the Bookshelf that you can use when writing an essay 2014-2015
Theme | A comment |
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"It is not for nothing that the whole of Russia remembers ..." (200th anniversary of M.Yu. Lermontov) | The works of the poet studied at school. |
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Questions posed to humanity by the war | 1.E. Karpov "My name is Ivan" 2.V. Degtev "Cross" 3.I.Babel "Prischepa" 4.G. Sadullaev "Victory Day" 5. N. Evdokimov "Stepka, my son" 6.A.Borzenko "Easter" 7.B. Ekimov "Night of Healing" 8. A. Tolstoy "Russian character" |
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Man and Nature in Russian and World Literature | 1.B. Ekimov "The Night is Passing" 2. V. Shukshin "The old man, the sun and the girl" 3.V. Krupin "Drop the bag" 4. V. Rasputin "Farewell to Matera" 5. V. Shukshin "Zaletny" 6. V. Astafiev "The one who does not grow, dies ..." 7. V. Degtev "Reasonable beings" 8.V. Degtev "Dandelion" 9.I. Kuramshina "Equivalent of Happiness" |
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1.Yu.Korotkov "Headache" 2.L. Kulikova "We met" 3. B. Ekimov "Speak, Mom, Speak ..." 4.I.Kuramshina "Filial duty" 5.B. Ekimov "About foreign land" |
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How are people alive? | 1.L. Tolstoy "How do people live?" 2.B. Ekimov "About foreign land" 3.Yu.Buida "Khimich" 4.B. Ekimov "The night is passing" 5.L. Petrushevskaya "Gluck" 6.V. Degtev "Dandelion" 7.Yu. Korotkov "Headache" 8.I.Kuramshina "Teresa's Syndrome" 9.V. Tendryakov "Bread for a Dog" and other works |
Preview:
Sets of topics for the SUMMARY COMPOSITION 2014-2015 academic year.
Developed by N.A. Mokrysheva with the assistance of L.M. Bendeleva, O.N. Belyaeva, I.V. Mazalova.
Block 1. Lermontov. | Block 2. War. | Block 3 Human and nature. | Block 4. Generational dispute. | Block 5 How are people alive? |
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TOPIC-QUESTION | 1. What is the role of M.Yu. Lermontov in the history of Russian culture? 2. "In our age, all feelings are only for a period." Is it possible to evaluate the emotional life of the generation of the information age with the aphorism of M. Yu. Lermontov? 3. What is the “strangeness” of the love of the lyrical hero of M.Yu. Lermontov's poems for the Motherland? 4. What is the originality of the love theme in the lyrics of M.Yu. Lermontov? 5. What is consonant and what is not consonant with my attitude in the lyrics of M.Yu. Lermontov? 6. Lyrics of M.Yu. Lermontov is incomprehensible to the modern reader. Is it so? 7. Who is he, "the hero of our time"? | 1. Why did children grow up early during the war? 2. What is the role of the Russian woman in the Great Patriotic War? 3. Is there a place for mercy and humanity in war? 4. Why is it necessary to preserve the memory of the defenders of the Fatherland who died during the Second World War? 5. What is the tragedy and greatness of a soldier's fate? 6.How does a person's attitude change in war? 7. Where did people get their moral strength during the Second World War? 8. What is the significance of simple human values in war? 9. Why is the value of life especially acute in war? 10. How do the concepts of “love” and “war” relate? 11. Russian character ... How was the spirit of our people manifested in the face of severe military trials? 12. What is the price of victory in the Second World War? 13. What lessons of the Second World War should humanity know and remember? 14. For whom does the bell toll? 15. What is the reason for mass heroism during the Second World War - fear of the system or patriotism? | 1. Is man the king of nature? 2. Is nature a temple or a workshop? 3. Is nature able to change a person, make him better? 4. Why is a person defeated by the forces of nature? 5. What are the consequences of a thoughtless, consumerist attitude of man to the natural world? 6. How does scientific and technological progress affect the relationship between man and nature? 7. How does nature affect the human soul? 8. What does nature teach a person? 9.Why is it important to be careful with nature? 10. How to teach a person to see the beauty in nature? | 1. What should family relationships be built on? 2.How to overcome the misunderstanding that sometimes arises in the relationship between parents and children? 3. What is the importance of home and family in a child's life? 4. Why do children suffer? 5. What should be a family? 6. Why shouldn't we forget our father's house? 7. Why is the lack of mutual understanding between generations dangerous? 8. How should the younger generation view the experience of the elders? 9. How does the era affect the relationship between fathers and children? 10. Is a conflict between fathers and children inevitable? 11. What does it mean to become an adult? 12. Is love and respect for parents a sacred feeling? | 1. What kind of people are easy prey for evil? 2. Why is love stronger than death? 3. What kind of person can be called a real hero? 4. What qualities allow a person to resist fate? 5.Money rules the world? 6. What does it mean to live by conscience? 7. What determines a person's moral choice? 8. What is the strength and weakness of a person? 9. Is nobility able to resist evil? 10. What is real happiness? 11. What should a real friend be? 12. What lessons of kindness and mercy does life teach us? 13. How important is self-esteem for a person? 14. Why is it necessary to be careful with people's feelings? 15. What is the true beauty of a person? 16. Does the end justify the means? 17. What are the goals in life that help a person live his life with dignity? 18. Why is indifference so terrible? 19. What are the origins of true patriotism? 20. Is there any sense in self-sacrifice? 21. Why does a person work? 22. Is happiness possible at any cost? 23. Hero - does it sound loud? 24. Good must be with fists? 25. Virtue, love, mercy, selflessness ... Atavisms? 26.What can help people find peace of mind in a difficult life situation? |
THEME- JUDGMENT | 1. "All Russia remembers about Borodin's day ..." 2. Lermontov's skill in revealing the "history of the human soul" 3. Confession as a means of self-characterization of the hero in the work of M.Yu. Lermontov. 4. "No, I am not Byron, I am another, yet unknown chosen one ..." 5. Lermontov's skill in creating the character of the hero. 6.Past, present and future on the pages of M.Yu. Lermontov | 1. War is a crime against humanity. 2. A childhood scorched by war. 3. "War does not have a woman's face" 4. Great and immortal is your feat, people. 5. War is not fireworks at all ... 6. War as a test of the spiritual qualities of a person. 7. "I will never tire of watching so that the Eternal Flame is not extinguished." | 1. "A man, even if he be a genius three times, remains a thinking plant ..." 2. "We are responsible for those we have tamed." 3. "Not what you think, nature: not a cast, not a soulless face ..." 4. Man and nature are one. 5. Love for nature - love for the Motherland. 6. Animals are our faithful friends and helpers. 7. Responsibility of man to nature. 8. "Understand the language of living nature - and you say: the world is beautiful ..." (IS Nikitin). 9. “God's light is good. Only one thing is not good - we are "(AP Chekhov). 10. Nature is a wise teacher. | 1. Loneliness with the family. 2. Loss of connection between generations - the way to moral decline of society. 3. "Upbringing is a great thing: it decides the fate of a person ..." (VG Belinsky). | 1. The moral power of good. 2. True and False Heroism. 3. A friend is known in trouble. 4. “The High Court - the Court of Conscience” (V. Hugo) 5. The uplifting power of love. 6. "To believe in goodness, you have to start doing it" (LN Tolstoy) 7. "Humanity cannot live without generous ideas" (F.M.Dostoevsky) 8. "Who did not suffer and who did not make mistakes, he did not know the price of truth and happiness." (N.A. Dobrolyubov) 9. "Happiness and joy in life in truth ..." (A.P. Chekhov) 10. "Patriotism does not consist in pompous exclamations ..." (V.G. Belinsky) 11. "Compassion is the highest form of human existence ..." (FM Dostoevsky) 12. "There is no happiness in inaction ..." (FM Dostoevsky). 13. "To live honestly, you have to break, get confused, fight, make mistakes ..." (Leo Tolstoy). 14. "Honor cannot be taken away, it can be lost ..." (AP Chekhov). 15. "Conscience, nobility and dignity - here it is, our holy army" (B. Okudzhava). 16. “You have to live, you have to love, you have to believe ...” (Leo Tolstoy) |
THEME- CONCEPT | 1. The artistic originality of Lermontov's lyrics. 2. Man and nature in the lyrics of Lermontov. 3. Reading Lermontov ... 4. The theme of loneliness in the lyrics of Lermontov 5. High society in the image of Lermontov 6. Civil motives in the lyrics of Lermontov. 7.The theme of love in the lyrics of Lermontov 8.The rebellious spirit of Lermontov's lyrics 9.The theme of poet and poetry in the lyrics of Lermontov 10. The theme of the homeland in the work of Lermontov 11.The theme of the Caucasus in the work of Lermontov 12.The image of a strong personality in the work of Lermontov 13. Folk-poetic motives in the lyrics of Lermontov. | 1. Children of war. 2. War without embellishment 3. War is the tragedy of the people. 4. Woman and war. 5. Moral origins of a man's feat in war. 6. Russian character in works about the Second World War. 7. Ordinary fascism. 8. War and motherhood. 9. Echo of War. | 1. Comprehension of beauty in nature. 2.Nature and scientific and technological progress. | 1. The world through the eyes of a child. 2. Family in the modern world. 3. The role of the family in the formation of personality. 4. The role of the family in the adolescent's determination of his place in society. 5. The role of childhood in human life. 6. Lonely old age. | 1 man in search of happiness 2. A person in search of the meaning of life. 3.Russian national character. 4. The nature of betrayal. 5. Tests of conscience. 6. Conflict of feeling and duty. |
The classification of topics is taken from the collection of I.K. Sushilina, T.A. Shchepakova "Methodological instructions and control tasks in literature (preparation for an essay)". Moscow State University, 2001
Preview:
Preparation for essay
Algorithm for preparing for the final essay
- Choose a direction. The first direction is the most knowledge-intensive and requires accurate knowledge. (For future philologists).
The rest of the directions in this respect are similar, although the most advantageous, in my opinion, is about the war.
- Read (where you can find, there are many of them on different sites) sample topics within the chosen direction and divide them into groups.
In the direction about the war, there are about three of them:
1) war is a tragedy;
2) feat, courage, heroism in war;
3) patriotism.
- Write a "basic" essay on one specific topic.
I propose to write according to the following scheme, the simplest one looks like this:
introduction - "1st argument" - "2nd argument" - personal opinion - conclusion.
"Arguments" should be understood as an analysis of the selected works.
4. And now we play "Lego". Just as one and the same cubes can be used to assemble an airplane and a horse, completely different texts can be composed from the basic parts of essays. You just need to be able to highlight accents. How to do it?
4.1. It is necessary to prepare several introductions of different types (in our case, three), which will contain the statement of problems for each group. How to do this, read the Alexandrovs' (although it will be possible to "meet" again)
4.2. Now we are working with the text. Typically, every good war book has material for every group of topics. But you can make it even easier: the same episode can be given different ratings depending on the topic. For example, if a hero dies while completing a task, then this deserves praise (heroism, patriotism), and negative assessment (war takes the best people).
4.3. But what if you have prepared an excellent composition, and the topic has fallen out completely "left"? For example, you prepared essays about the war for all three groups, and suggested the theme "Love in War". How to be? Play Lego between directions! An essay about feat and courage is easily altered for the 5th direction ("How people live ..."), if the topic is about the meaning of life, moral values or personal qualities ...
5. When writing, do not be lazy to re-read the essay after each paragraph, preferably in a whisper (and not to yourself). This helps you stay on topic and notice the tautology in time.
6. With the conclusion - everything is as usual. You repeat the main ideas, add a little "pathos". Just a little bit, don't be cunning!
To write this essay, you need to imagine how they used to live, what they thought, what was the main thing for them, then you can find out their morality and views on moral values. And in contrast to put Oblomov, whose name has already become a household name. Draw parallels between the great figures of that time and the life of Oblomov himself, see what Oblomov could achieve and why he became so indifferent. A person by himself does not become inert, it is clear that his aspirations were shattered at the very beginning of his youth, or maybe he just silently contemplated what was happening and drew conclusions. because sometimes you don't want to do anything when you understand that there is no point.
The conclusion may be in a general description of the characteristics of that environment and how it all can end, where will come a society in which soullessness and inertia of views flourish, is it time to wake up to loudly clap your hands, thereby waking up the thought and consciousness of others. The topic of morality is always acute in society, and you can tell your own philosophical views in an essay. how do you see what is happening, why it is bad and why it should not be so. At the same time, after all, Oblomov was not such a bad person, is not kindness part of the indifference to the struggle
So, how to write an essay on the topic: "how people live guided by" the novel "OBLOMOV". First: this is, of course, an introduction. (Briefly describe the issues that you will cover in your essay, but do it beautifully) Secondly: as I call it the main part of the essay. (Draw a parallel between the current aspects of society, which in your opinion is guided by this very society and what is described in the work. Indicate the points of contact and differences between these two worlds. Give modern examples of our time - Oblomovism. Even modern actors, critics, artists, which the press describes in the context of Oblomovism) And thirdly: the final part (summarize all of the above, express your opinion, both negative and sometimes compassionate. That is, make it clear to the teacher that you not only read the novel, but also really understand what he (even if this is not so) that you understand what drove Oblomov and that you feel sorry for him in some way: narrow-mindedness, selfishness and, as a result, hold on to nothing for anything, etc.)
As an introduction, I would say about the current relevance of this novel in terms of modern lazy people who also spend their whole lives on the couch in front of the TV. Then the main part would go, a comparison of Oblomov's life and the general state of the moral and ethical foundations of that time. Oblomov, like other heroes, turned out to be a hero of his time, since he was not alone, not sucked from the finger, it was a general trend. I would consider the question of Oblomov's happiness and unhappiness. As a conclusion, one can speculate about the general reasons for fleeing into the illusory world, falling out of reality. Express your thoughts on why people begin to feel redundant, are losing or not looking for the meaning of life, and why this happens at all times. Do not forget about the role of intelligence, because a simple peasant will not be sybaritic, he will simply die of hunger.
To write an essay on the topic"Than people live" , first you need to draw up his plan, and then reveal each point, carefully re-reading the novel itself"Oblomov" ... I can sketch out a plan, and you will already develop the idea further.
- Introduction. Here you can write about what the situation was at the time of writing the novel.
- Main part. In this part, describe the qualities of Oblomov and why such an intelligent, kind, honest person suddenly turned out to be unnecessary for society (laziness, instead of an active life - daydreaming, inaction). Write that a person does not live by dreams alone, you also need to do something, for yourself, for the people around, for nature, etc.
- In conclusion, write that you do not need to wait for someone to come and do something good, you need to have an active life position yourself.
In general, this is so brief.
In an essay on the topic "How do people live?" it is necessary to reveal the philosophical component of the life of mankind, if we take Goncharov's novel Oblomov as a basis, the thought should be developed in the direction of how urgent the problem of people like Ilya Ilyich is today. To speculate on the meaninglessness of the life of idlers who, by their unwillingness to do something, to change something, make their life unbearably gray and empty. To write that a person's life is constant growth, action, spiritual development. As soon as a person ceases to be interested in life, he wraps himself up in his cozy robe and grows roots to the sofa, he begins to degrade.
Option 3
Is war capable of destroying human reserves in a person? Or is it human nature to love even the enemy?It seems to me that it is these problematic issues that V. Tendryakov raises in his text. It is this moral problem that worries the author, and therefore he seeks to involve us in joint reasoning.
In his text V. Tendryakov describesfire in a German hospital. Despite the hostilities, at least a drop of compassion and empathy remains in people. “The tragedy taking place in plain sight was no stranger to anyone,” the author writes. Tendryakov gives specific examples of how former enemies are able to help each other. For example, the captain of the guard, Arkady Kirillovich, noticing how "a German with his head wrapped around his shoulder was trembling," took off his warm sheepskin coat and handed it to the German.Also, the author tells us aboutthe feat of a Tatar soldier who threw himself into the fire to save a disabled German.
Agreeing with this point of view of the author, I want to rememberthe work of V. Zakrutkin "Human Mother", which describes the events of the Second World War. Having occupied the farm where Maria lived, the main character of the story, her son Vasya and her husband Ivan, the Nazis ruined everything, burned down the farm, drove people to Germany, and Ivan and Vasyatka were hanged. Maria alone managed to escape. Lonely, she had to fight for her life and for the life of her unborn child. Experiencing a burning hatred of the Nazis, Maria, having met a wounded young German, throws herself at him with a pitchfork, wanting to avenge her son and husband. But the German, a defenseless boy, shouted: “Mom! Mama!" And the heart of the Russian woman trembled.
Speaking about the problem of the text, it comes to minda scene from Leo Tolstoy's epic novel "War and Peace", where the Russians and the French, who were at that time the worst enemies, made fun of and talked to each other. “After that, it seemed, it was necessary to unload the guns, detonate the charges and disperse as soon as possible for everyone to go to their homes,” the author says. But this does not happen, and Tolstoy regrets that the "reserves of the human" remained unused.
In conclusion, I want to say that the text of V. Tendryakov proposed for analysis prompted me to think aboutthat in every person there is a human, only someone has more of it, someone less, and in difficult situations this human will always show itself.
The question in the title of this essay is taken from the story of Leo Tolstoy. This question is, perhaps, relevant at all times. Especially in critical, crisis times. When some try to talk about some kind of "golden age" of Russian history, they simply do not know this story properly.
Everything in Russia has always been relative - with respect to people, politics, external and internal relations. And in general, everything depends on the inner attitude of each person: if you stand for good, if you want to bring peace and light to people, then good people will mainly gather around you. If on the contrary, then there will be more evil.
How are people alive today? Society is stratified into rich and poor. There is no full-fledged middle class. This leaves an imprint on the entire nation, on the entire people. But even in this not quite normal situation, there are always those who are content with their simple lot, who strive to live, not survive.
For example, those who are found in the provinces. This is a very specific environment: relations between people are still kinder and more cordial, the pull of the earth is stronger, and the breath of progress is felt much weaker than in capitals and centers. Here people are busy with their own household, spend a lot of time in the fresh air - they pick mushrooms and berries in the forest, then harvest them for the winter.
Communication may seem primitive: everyone knows each other, they meet often, several times a day. There are also feasts on the occasion of some holidays or even without them, when those gathered at the table sing in chorus old Soviet or Russian folk songs. This is how people live - by the memory of soul and heart, care for their neighbors, ineradicable optimism.
As for the rich, their lives seem to be more varied, but in reality they are much more boring. Money, as they say, chickens do not bite, there is enough for everything, the house is a full cup. And happiness - simple, human - as it was not, and is not. And all the entertainment and travel is just a way to dispel the melancholy of loneliness. And when it fails, the usual everyday drunkenness begins, and after it the degradation of the personality.
The middle class has a lot to lose. They achieved everything in life almost exclusively on their own, without bending or bowing. Therefore, they value what they have and are not going to part. They live mainly from paycheck to paycheck, but if they set themselves a goal, they can accumulate capital within a year for a trip abroad. And so - mainly work and home. There is a catastrophic lack of time for self-education, for reading long-postponed books.
Adolescents and young people are often on their own. Parents have little idea of what their child lives and breathes. It's good if there is a senior mentor nearby who can ignite and captivate - cycling, for example, or sports in general. Then the guys will not waste time. But for the most part, the younger generation learns through a stump-deck - because parents need it, they join bad habits, they have no clear moral principles.
People of creative professions live most interestingly. For those who are busy with their own creativity, it does not matter what is happening around. First, he “cooks in his own juice,” then goes out to people. And if there is a response, a dialogue arises - it means that a person is talented, he has something to say to others, to leave a particle of himself in this world.
A person is so constructed that he will never be satisfied with what he already has. Because otherwise - spiritual death much earlier than physical death, as in the well-known story of Chekhov "Ionych". While we are alive, we worry, rejoice, grieve. There is always something that makes us be active.
How to prepare for your graduation essay 2. Read (from the links above) sample topics within the chosen direction and break them into groups. In the direction about war, there are about three of them: 1) war is a tragedy; 2) feat, courage, heroism in war; 3) patriotism. 3. Write a "basic" essay on one specific topic. I propose to write according to the Aleksandrovs' system, only the composition needs to be slightly changed. The simplest one looks like this: introduction - "1st argument" - "2nd argument" - personal opinion - conclusion. "Arguments" should be understood as an analysis of the selected works. 4. Now let's play Lego. Just as one and the same cubes can be used to assemble an airplane and a horse, completely different texts can be composed from the basic parts of essays. You just need to be able to highlight accents. How to do it? 4.1. It is necessary to prepare several introductions of different types (in our case, three), which will contain the statement of problems for each group. How to do this, read the Alexandrovs' (although it will be possible to "meet" again) 4.2. Now we are working with the text. Typically, every good war book has material for every group of topics. But you can make it even easier: the same episode can be given different ratings depending on the topic. For example, if a hero dies while completing a task, then this deserves praise (heroism, patriotism), and negative assessment (war takes the best people). 4.3. But what if you have prepared an excellent composition, and the topic has fallen out completely "left"? For example, you prepared essays about the war for all three groups, and suggested the theme "Love in War". How to be? Play Lego between directions! An essay about feat and courage is easily altered for the 5th direction ("How people live ..."), if the topic is about the meaning of life, moral values or personal qualities ... 5. When writing, do not be lazy to re-read the essay after each paragraph, preferably in a whisper (and not to yourself). This helps you stay on topic and notice the tautology in time. 6. With the conclusion - everything is as usual. You repeat the main ideas, add a little "pathos". Just a little bit, don't be cunning! |
List of literature for the final essay. Literature for graduation essay
The works of M.Yu. Lermontov: "Mtsyri", "Hero of Our Time", 2. "Questions posed to mankind by the war"
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"A word about Igor's regiment" 3. "Man and Nature in Russian and World Literature."
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"A word about Igor's regiment" 4. "Dispute between generations: together and apart"
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A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" 5. "How are people alive?"
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I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" |
Fragment No. 1 What is literature for a person? A way to distract yourself from problems? The source of the world's knowledge? Empathy for the heroes? Each of us will answer this question differently (after all, we are people who are unlike each other). I can say with confidence that for me literature is the most faithful and honest adviser. In my favorite works, even rereading them many times, I always find for myself a kind of help, mutual understanding. For example, the works "Three Comrades" by Erich Maria Remarque and the dystopia "1984" by George Orwell helped me answer questions about true friendship and trust in people. But today I want to talk about the great writer of the twentieth century, Ray Bradbury. In 1951, Ray Bradbury wrote a short but gripping fantasy story "Tigers May Live Here." On a rocket, the speed of which "equals the speed of God himself," a team of researchers lands on a planet in a distant system to study it. But, unexpectedly for themselves, the astronauts realize that they have not just landed in a still unknown world. They landed in childhood itself. The planet gives them the ability to understand, makes them feel the lightest and most pleasant breath of wind, which reminds Driscoll and Captain Foster (one of the main characters) of that carefree distant time when they were still boys, when they could play peacefully on the summer lawn of their native land into croquet. “These are people who have always remained children, and therefore see and feel everything beautiful,” as if Bradbury tells us. But among the astronauts there is also Chatterton - a cruel and distrustful person, who eventually paid for his disrespectful treatment of the planet: he poisoned himself with clean water, lost the Boer with which he tried to drill the Earth, was torn apart by an unknown beast, the roar of which was like the roar of a tiger. It would seem that this is just a story about a space expedition, about the distant future, about the inexplicable wonders of the nation that were happening on the planet (mirages, lack of gravity, etc.). But in fact, the author created this work to show us different images of the human soul. Of course, in the story "Tigers Can Live Here" we are faced with several difficult questions: "How should you behave with nature?", "How should you be able to hear important advice in time?" But as the main problem, Bradbury calls the callousness and old age of the soul, as Chatterton had, he sets up Forester and Driscoll, sincere and honest people as an example. Ray Bradbury's story helped me understand where greed, mistrust and anger lead, those qualities that are so characteristic of adults, boring and boring people. And most importantly, I received an answer to the question "should a person grow up?" No, now I can say it with confidence. We grow up in body, mind, but, in my opinion, we must leave our souls forever in the world of childhood, we must be able to dream and truly enjoy life, endlessly desire to learn something new, be open, honest, as children do. And thanks to Ray Bradbury and his great writing for helping me completely with this problem. Administrator's note A fragment of the first work was written by a well-trained graduate who has his own reading preferences and is capable of deeply, sincerely, informally reasoning within a given topic, choosing a personal perspective for its disclosure (some speech shortcomings do not contradict this conclusion). He managed to make an interesting choice of reference text, problematize the material, think over the original thesis-proof part of the essay. Most graduates cannot be expected to have obvious literary talent. The second and third compositions are weaker than the first, but, undoubtedly, according to the first parameter (as well as according to other criteria) they deserve a "pass" grade. It is interesting to compare them, since graduates choose different ways of disclosing the topic. Fragment number 2 We are all different. Each of us is unique, inimitable. Each is destined to go through his own, sometimes thorny path. And, of course, life raises many questions that are difficult to answer on your own. A person needs to get answers to life's questions in order to become truly happy and begin to live fully. After all, as the famous English writer Jack London said, “the true purpose of man is to live; and not exist. " Therefore, we turn to the most important source of knowledge - literature, in which there is always an answer to any question. So, in the novel "Theater" by Somerset Maugham I discovered a lot of new things that I want to tell you about. A brief retelling of events is indispensable. Julia, an aspiring actress, falls in love with a handsome colleague who does not feel anything for her. It would seem that a normal person will not seek attention, much less marriage with someone who does not reciprocate. But not Julia. She achieved Michael, then a stunning success on stage, becoming the best actress in England. When Michael leaves for the war (World War I), she loses all her feelings for him and celebrates the victory - after all, now both spouses are equal. Now she is forty-six years old, she is known throughout the country, her marriage is considered ideal, she is the mother of an almost adult son ... Suddenly, a young accountant Thomas Fennell appears on the horizon, who falls madly in love with the main character, despite the fact that she is suitable for his mother. And Julia, oddly enough, responds to his confessions, even though she has a husband. An affair with a young boy raises her already high self-esteem and awakens in her even greater selfishness. She does everything for her boyfriend that would offend any man: she pays for his housing, buys clothes for him, makes expensive gifts ... And then Thomas falls in love with an inexperienced actress of his age - Avis Kraitan, who, in his words, is "very talented." ... On the day of Avis's debut, Julia celebrates her lack of feelings for Thomas - and turns the premiere into her triumphant performance ... “Is this all the life of one woman? Is it possible for a person fixated on his own person? " - involuntarily sweeps through my head. Julia is admirable for her ability to masterfully and with surprising ease play different roles. The image of the heroine would be almost perfect if not for self-centeredness. Julia Lambert helps answer many vital questions: what should be done in a given situation. First of all, you need to find yourself and your vocation, and you need to achieve success in this area. You need to be able to adapt to people, to be different for the occasion. It is necessary to achieve the goals set, however, deliberately and without harm to society. Finally, the main question in life - what is love? Thanks to Theater, you realize that the love described in it is false and not a role model. After all, this unique feeling should be sincere and by no means fleeting. Each of us needs to experience this magical state. Love teaches you to see the good in people and society as a whole, allows you to discover new, previously unknown talents and abilities of the individual. But how can we find it, if all the time we are surrounded by "theater"? ... Administrator's note Fragment 2 shows that the author of the essay builds a thought, relying on the retelling of the plot of the novel "Theater" by Somerset Maugham and including some laconic comments in it: reflections on the situation and a personal assessment of the heroine's moral choice (these comments are in bold). After a succinct retelling, the problems that the author of the essay thought about after reading the novel "Theater" are listed. One can disagree with the student's conclusions, but they are presented succinctly and consistently (we must not forget that the formulation of the topic of the essay presupposes a personal perspective of its disclosure). Fragment # 3 ... The depiction of war in War and Peace certainly raises the problem of humanity in war. In one of the battles Nikolai Rostov saw in his French enemy, whom he could not kill, an ordinary person, a "simple room face" with a hole in his chin. The same forced soldier, like himself, the same person who wants to live and suffers because of the ambitions of those in power. This thought was and will always be relevant. More than a hundred years later, the famous work of E.M. Remark "All Quiet on the Western Front." One of his heroes is also pondering this question, not understanding why he killed his opponent, because he is not only and not so much an enemy as a man, because he also breathed and loved, because he also had a family, wife, children. Remarque also expresses the idea of the equality of people, about the incorrectness of dividing them into "clean" and "unclean", worthy to live and not in another work "Night in Lisbon". Another war, and once again the same thought, which does not lose its significance, is repeated. The idea of an equal, "human" attitude towards people regardless of their origin, regardless of political beliefs and religion, regardless of what kind of passport they have and where they come from. Thus, we see how fiction asks us vital questions, makes us think about them and answer them at least to ourselves. In works, especially those based on historical facts and events, the writer, summarizing the experience of generations and his point of view, gives a possible answer to those questions to which, due to their nature, it is impossible to give a universal answer, forces us to recognize the answer that has become, perhaps, obvious on socially significant issues, which, although difficult, unpleasant and difficult, need to be discussed, thus contributing to the solution of pressing problems. Administrator's note In fragment number 3, the author of the essay reflects directly on the proposed problem, builds a statement on the basis of theses related to the topic, relying on works of art, but avoiding retelling. Literary material does not lead the student with him, but is used by him precisely as a basis for his own reflections. It should be noted that the episode from War and Peace was successfully compared with the novel by E.-M. Remarque, although the substantiation of the theses by references to the text of Remarque's novel could have been more detailed. __________________ |
Memo to the writer of the essay
2. Do you know the historical and literary background of the creation of the work, its history, the main facts of the life of the writer (especially those when the work was written)? 3. Is the meaning of the name clear and can you explain it? What about the theme and idea? 5. Can you retell the plot and highlight the main parts of the conflict? What is the nature of the conflict? (ideological - in "Crime and Punishment", social - in "Thunderstorm", psychological - in the story "After the Ball"). 6. What, in your opinion, are the peculiarities of the composition? Name its main parts and episodes that correspond to them. 7. Do you understand the system of characters in the work and how the characters relate to each other? (antipodes - Stolz and Oblomov, comparison - Prince Andrew and Pierre). 9. Will you be able to mark the main features of the style of this writer (laconicism, attention to detail, etc.)? 10. Study each word of the topic carefully. Perhaps there is a lead here for an introduction or some other piece of work. Change the narrative topic to the question topic. For example, the topic is "The image of Chatsky". a) With what artistic techniques did Griboyedov create the image of Chatsky? This will be the main idea of your work. 11. Write a plan a) Introduction (title it!): historical, biographical, comparative, analytical, quotation, personal. There should be no criticism here as a completion of the work. Summarize your reasoning: what did you see? noted? what is the significance, relevance, value of images, works for the history of literature? 12. Do not retell: this is not a presentation. Do not overload the essay with quotations, especially poetic ones. The virtue of a quote is brevity and relevance. At the same time, working without quotations will make you doubt your knowledge of the text. 13. Parts of the work should be proportionate, logically connected and consistent. Remember the role of paragraphs. 14. Do not "overpraise" the classics: "genius", "great national", etc. Avoid speech stamps and repetitions. __________________ |
Generational dispute: together and apart
At all times on all continents, among other material and spiritual values inherited from generation to generation, there is one that you really want to get rid of, as from an unhealed wound, because you cannot call it a value. This is a generational conflict. And it becomes a disaster if reason gives in to pride. How to build bridges between maturity and youth and cut the sword of Damocles of cold, strained (sometimes hateful) relationship between fathers and children? How to go through life: together or apart?
The answer to this question is painfully sought in the family by parents, whose children are moving further and further, while suffering no less than them. And, of course, writers are trying to penetrate into the most remote corners of human suffering from a lack of understanding of the closest people. Among the masters of the word, this is I.S. Turgenev, who told us about the grief of the parents of his only beloved son, Enyushka. This is the fate of the author himself, whose mother was a despotic woman who did not reckon either with her son's writing abilities or with his own point of view on anything, including personal life. Of course, L.N. Tolstoy, I.A. Bunin, who told us about the problems of adolescence. Among my contemporaries, my beloved English writer Nicholas Sparks, whose book will be discussed in my discussions on this problem.
Generational dispute: together and apart
(based on the novel by the English writer Nicholas Sparks "The Last Song")
At all times, on all continents, among other material and spiritual values inherited from generation to generation, there is one that you really want to get rid of, as from an unhealed wound, because you cannot call it a value. This is a generational conflict. And it becomes a disaster if reason gives in to pride. How to build bridges between maturity and youth and cut the sword of Damocles of cold, strained (sometimes hateful) relationship between fathers and children? How to go through life: together or apart?
The answer to this question is painfully sought in the family by parents, whose children are moving further and further, while suffering no less than them. And, of course, writers are trying to penetrate into the most remote corners of human suffering from a lack of understanding of the closest people. Among the masters of the word, this is I.S. Turgenev, who told us about the grief of the parents of his only beloved son, Enyushka. This is the fate of the author himself, whose mother was a despotic woman who did not reckon either with her son's writing abilities or with his own point of view on anything, including personal life. Of course, L.N. Tolstoy, I.A. Bunin, who told us about the problems of adolescence. Among my contemporaries, my beloved English writer Nicholas Sparks, whose book will be discussed in my discussions on this problem.
The novel "The Last Song" is a hymn to love that manifests itself in everything: in a look, in a gesture, in a word, in music - and spreading to family, friends, and our smaller brothers. But you need to grow up to such love, making your way, and sometimes wading through the unexpected obstacles that life throws at you at every step. To reach, discarding arrogance and pride, learning to listen and understand the language of people close to you. As the heroine of the novel Ronnie did. Eight months ago, an eighteen-year-old girl, who dreamed of a vacation with friends in Manhattan, had to go at the request of her mother for all summer holidays to her father in North Carolina, all the same, what to hell on the middle of nowhere. On the way there she asked herself questions: "why ... her mother and father hate her so much," "why did she have to go to her father, to this hopeless southern wilderness, to hell with the horns?" She didn’t even want to listen to the mother’s arguments that it was so necessary that her daughter had not seen her father for three years, that she did not answer the phone when her father called, etc.
So I touched on Ronnie's first mental trauma - the divorce of his parents. How could it be explained that the mother fell in love with another? There were no such words in the soul of the closest person, but she easily referred to the failure of her father, to his “failure” in life. "As a result, the marriage broke up, the daughter runs away from him like from fire, and the son grows up without a father." The daughter considered her father's departure a betrayal for one single reason: the mother did not find the courage and wisdom to tell the whole truth. As a result, two children suffer: growing up daughter Ronnie and wonderful little boy John.
And now, three years later, the daughter and father are again together in a god-forsaken place, where drafts roamed in the father's house as well as in their souls. “Hello sunshine. I'm glad to see you". But instead of the sun there was not the old "typical American girl", but a young woman with a purple strand in long brown hair, black nail polish and dark clothes, "who did not deign to him with her attention. And for almost all three summer months, this shocking girl, what she seemed to me at first, to the friendly words of her father, to his concern for her food, to the desire not to interfere with her (if only she was there) responded with either silent coldness or heart-wounding antics. She ran away from home, spoke with hatred of the piano, plugged her ears when my father played it. And once she even rapped out, setting a condition not to interfere in her life: “I will not just go home. I won't talk to you anymore in my life. "
And in return - love. As if there were no these words, there was no cop, there was no her impudent behavior. There was a fenced-off piano, the belief that the daughter could not steal, and more often - a silent presence, multiplied by the care and affection for their children suffering from divorce. Such is the power of the love of a wise man who understood that the whole truth of human existence lies "in the love that he feels for children, in the pain that torments him when he wakes up in a quiet house and realizes that they are not here." There is also another pain that the children do not know about - he has not long to live. What courage Steve had to have in order not to throw the burden of his physical suffering on his son and daughter, but to take care of them with such dedication that only a loving heart is capable of.
There will be many victims on the part of the father. Highly! But the most important thing will be the last song. A melody composed by him and completed by his talented daughter. Music that has become a bridge of love and friendship in their destiny. How important it is to understand in time that parental love and faith in their children is the force that can melt any ice of relationships, as, fortunately, happened with the main characters of the novel by Nicholas Sparks.
Russian language and literature teacher
Tsarakova Nadezhda Radionovna, 2014
MCOU "School No. 15, item Svetly"
Mirny district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Preview:
Artistic and expressive
means of poetic speech (tropes)
Trope | Characteristic | Example from text |
Epithet | A figurative definition that gives an additional artistic characteristic of an object or phenomenon in the form of a comparison | Below us with a crash cast iron Instant bridges thunder. (A. Fet) |
Permanent epithet | One of the tropes of folk poetry: a definition word that is consistently combined with one or another defined word and denotes some characteristic, always present generic sign in the subject | Leaves the village yes a good fellow, Old Cossack and Ilya Muromets ... |
Simple comparison | A simple type of trail, which is a direct comparison of one object or phenomenon with another for some reason | Road, like a snake's tail, (A. Pushkin) |
Metaphor | Type of trail, transferring the name of one object to another based on their similarity | I do not regret, do not call, do not cry, (S. Yesenin) |
Impersonation | A special type of metaphor, transferring the image of human features to inanimate objects or phenomena | The grass crumbles with pity, and the tree bowed to the ground with grief. ("The Word about Igor's Regiment") |
Hyperbola | A type of path based on the exaggeration of the properties of an object, a phenomenon in order to enhance the expressiveness and imagery of artistic speech | And half-asleep shooters are lazy Tossing and turning on the dial And the hug does not end. (B. Pasternak) |
Litotes | A figurative expression, which contains an artistic understatement of the properties of an object in order to enhance the emotional impact | Only in the world is there that shady Dormant Maple Tent. (A. Fet) |
Metonymy | View of a path, transfer of a name from one object to another, adjacent (close) to it; artistic identification of objects, concepts, phenomena according to the principle of contiguity | God forbid me to go crazy. No, the staff and the bag are lighter; No, labor and smoothness are easier. (A. Pushkin) |
Synecdoche | A kind of metonymy, replacement of a word or concept with another in the relationship "less - more", "part - whole" (quantitative metonymy) | The sail of the lonely grows white In the fog of the blue sea! .. (M. Lermontov) |
Oxymoron | A kind of trail, a combination of incongruous, opposite words in meaning | I sent you a black rose in a glass As golden as the sky, ai. (A. Blok) |
Periphrase | Type of trail, replacement of the name of an object or phenomenon with a description of its signs | And after him, like a storm noise, Another genius rushed away from us, Disappeared, mourned by freedom Leaving the world with your crown. Noise, worry about the bad weather: He was, oh sea, your singer. (A. Pushkin) |
Irony | A kind of artistic trope, the use of a word or expression in the opposite sense of what is actually implied, for the purpose of ridicule | “Did you all sing? this case: So go and dance!» (I. Krylov) |
Varieties of epithet
Metaphorical | You are my cornflower blue word (S. Yesenin) |
Metonymic | Road longing, iron Whistling, breaking my heart ... (A. Blok) |
Deployed (close to periphrase) | Rhyme, sonorous girlfriend Inspirational leisure, (A. Pushkin) |
Synonymous series of epithets | Nineteenth century, iron, (A. Blok) |
Paired epithets-antonyms | .
.. Take a collection of colorful chapters, (A. Pushkin) |
Functions of artistic and expressive means (tropes):
System | Characteristic | Example |
Syllabic | The system of versification, in which the rhythm is created by the repetition of verses with the same number of syllables, and the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables is not ordered; rhyme is required | Thunder from one country Thunder from another country Vaguely in the air! Terrible in the ear! The clouds were falling The sky was closed They have muddied them into fear! (V. Trediakovsky) |
Tonic | The system of versification, the rhythm of which is organized by the repetition of stressed syllables; the number of unstressed syllables between stresses varies freely | The street-snake winds. Houses along the snake. The street is mine. The houses are mine. (V. Mayakovsky) |
Sillabo- tonic | The system of versification, which is based on the evenness of the number of syllables, the number and place of stress in verse lines | You wanna know what i saw |
The size | Characteristic | Example |
Horey | Two-syllable foot with stress on the first syllable in the syllabo-tonic versification system | Terek howls, wild and vicious, His cry is like a storm, Tears are splashing. (M. Lermontov) |
Iamb | Two-syllable foot with stress on the second syllable in the syllabo-tonic versification system | In the front there is a crush, anxiety; A meeting of new faces in the living room; Lai mosek, smacking girls, (A. Pushkin) |
Dactyl | Three-syllable foot with stress on the first syllable in the syllabo-tonic versification system | Whoever calls - I don't want To fussy tenderness I trade hopelessness And, closing myself, I am silent. (A. Blok) |
Amphibrach | Three-syllable foot with stress on the second syllable in the syllabo-tonic versification system | It is not the wind that rages over the forest, Frost-voivode with patrol Bypasses his possessions. (N. Nekrasov) |
Anapaest | Three-syllable foot with stress on the third syllable in the syllabo-tonic versification system | I will disappear from longing and laziness, Lonely life is not sweet (A. Fet) |
- RHYME
- Rhyme (Greek rhythmos - proportionality, rhythm, consistency) - sound repetition in two or more poetic lines, mainly in poetic endings.
- TYPES OF RHYMES
by the place of the last stressed syllable in the line
Rhyme | Characteristic | Example |
Mens | With stress on the last syllable in a line | Am I talking to you In the sharp cry of birds of prey From white, matte pages? (A. Akhmatova) |
Womens | With stress on the penultimate syllable in a line | I stopped smiling The frosty wind chills your lips One less hope One more song will be. (A. Akhmatova) |
Dactylic | With stress on the second syllable from the end of the line | And Smolenskaya is now the birthday girl, Blue incense spreads over the grass, And the funeral song flows, Not sad today, but bright. (A. Akhmatova) |
- TYPES OF RHYMES
- by consonance of line endings
Rhyme | Description | Example |
Cross | ABAB | Whisper, timid breath anye, Trills of nightingales, Silver and kolykh anye Sleepy brook ... (A. Fet) |
Steam room | AABB | The sun's ray between the lindens was burning and you juice , In front of the bench you drew a brilliant ne juice , I gave myself up to golden dreams not , - You didn’t answer anything m not . (A. Fet) |
Shingles (circular) | ABBA | Your luxurious wreath is fresh and fragrant All the flowers of incense in it are loud, Your curls are so abundant and n are loud, Your luxurious wreath is fresh and fragrant. (A. Fet) |
- STANZA
- Stanza - (Greek strophe - circle, turn) - a group of a certain number of poetic lines repeated in a work, united by a common rhyme and representing a rhythmic-syntactic whole, sharply separated from adjacent verse combinations by a large pause.
- TYPES OF STROPHES
Stanza | Characteristic | Example |
Distich (couplet) | An independent couplet expressing a complete thought | Kind people, you lived calmly, They loved their dear daughter dearly. (N. Nekrasov) |
Terza rima | A stanza consisting of three lines linked by a chain of rolling rhymes. An additional final line rhymes with the middle line of the last three-verse ABA - BVB - HBV, etc. | Halfway through earthly life, Having lost the right path in the darkness of the valley, What he was, oh, how I will pronounce it. That wild forest, dense and threatening, Whose old horror in my memory I carry! (Dante A. "Divine Comedy") |
Quatrain | Quatrain, four-line stanza; the most common stanza of Russian poetry | You can't understand Russia with your mind, Arishnom cannot be measured by the common: She has a special become - You can only believe in Russia. (F. Tyutchev) |
Five-verse | A verse of five syllabic lines that rhyme: ABAAB - ABBBA - AABBA | For the last time your image is cute I dare to mentally caress Awaken the dream with heart power And with bliss, timid and dull Remember your love. (A. Pushkin) |
Sextina | A stanza consisting of six lines of verse with the rhyme AABVVG or ABABVV | I sit thoughtful and alone On a dying fireplace I look through tears - Longingly thinking about the past And words in my gloom I don’t find it. (F. Tyutchev) |
Semistichie | A stanza consisting of seven lines of poetry; practically not used by Russian poets | Bobaobi sang lips, Veeomi sang the eyes, Lieeei sang the guise, Gzi-gzi-geo the chain was sung. So on the canvas of some correspondence Beyond the stretch lived a face. (V. Khlebnikov) |
Octave | A stanza of eight lines of verse with rhyme ABABABVV; alternation of male and female endings is mandatory It happens * Lyric * Lyric-satirical | Obol to Charon: I pay tribute at once To my enemies. - In reckless courage I want to write a novel in octaves. From harmony, from their wonderful music I'm crazy; I will conclude a poem In the cramped boundaries of the measure is difficult. Let's try - at least our free language I'm not used to octave triple chains. (D. Merezhkovsky) |
Nona | A stanza consisting of nine lines of verse, representing an octave with an extended line before the final couplet; rarely used | He came and sat down. I pushed it with my hand The face of a flaming book. And a month to crying son Gives the evening stars to the rug. “Do I need a lot? Loaf of bread And a drop of milk Yes this is heaven Yes, these clouds! " (V. Khlebnikov) |
Decimal | A stanza consisting of ten lines of verse | Classic odes of the 18th century |
Sonnet | Complex stanza type; a poem consisting of 14 lines, divided into two quatrains (quatrains) and two three verses (tertsins); in quatrains only two rhymes are repeated, in terzines - two or three. The arrangement of rhymes allows for many variations | Once I sat at home all evening. Out of boredom I took the book - and the sonnet opened to me. Well, I wanted to make poetry myself. He took a leaf, started to stain it without mercy. He was sweating for half a dozen hours over the attack. But the attack was difficult - and no matter how much I rummaged I did not find it there in the archive. With annoyance I groaned, kicked, got angry. I poked my head towards Phoebus with a stishy entreaty; Phoebus sang to me at once on a golden lyre: "Today I am not receiving guests." It was annoying to me - but there was no sonnet. "So damn it a sonnet!" - said - and start To write a tragedy; and wrote a sonnet. (I. Dmitriev) |
Onegin stanza | A stanza consisting of 14 lines: three quatrains, each of which has its own rhyme (cross, pair, ring) and the final couplet. Created and used by A. Pushkin in the novel "Eugene Onegin" | Always modest, always obedient, Like a kiss of love is sweet Smile, linen curls, Everything in Olga ... but any romance Take it and find it right Her portrait: he is very nice, I used to love him myself, But he bothered me immensely. Let me, my reader, (A. Pushkin) |
Analysis of a lyric work
1. The history of the creation of a lyric work.
2. Features of the genre of this lyric work.
3. Ideological and thematic originality of the lyric work.
4. Features of the lyrical hero of the work.
5. Artistic and expressive means used in the work; their role in revealing the poet's intention.
6. Lexical means used in the poem; their ideological and artistic significance.
7. Syntactic figures used in a lyric work; their ideological and artistic role.
8. Phonetic means of expression used in the poem, their role.
9. The poetic size of the lyric work.
10. The place and role of the work in the context of the poet's work, in the literary process as a whole.
Episode analysis
1. The location of this episode in the text of a literary work.
2. The significance of this episode within the framework of a work of art.
3. Type of episode.
4. Events depicted in the episode.
5. Characteristics of the characters of the episode.
- Appearance, clothing.
- Demeanor.
- The actions of the heroes.
- Speech characteristics of the characters.
- Interaction of heroes in this episode.
6. Artistic and expressive, lexical means used in this episode, their meaning.
7. Features of using compositional elements in an episode.
- Landscape.
- Diary.
- Internal monologues.
8. The role of this episode in the context of a complete literary work.
Analysis of the literary image
1. Type of literary hero.
2. The place of the hero in the system of images and his role in the disclosure of the author's intention.
3. Typical character of a literary hero; presence or absence of a prototype.
4. Characteristics of the literary hero.
5. Means of creating a literary image.
Landscape functions | Example |
Illustrative (creates a background against which various events in the work take place) | It happened in the fall. Gray clouds covered the sky: a cold wind blew from the harvested fields, carrying red and yellow leaves from the oncoming trees.I arrived in the village at sunset and stopped at the post house ... (A. Pushkin "Stationmaster") |
Psychological (conveys the inner state of the characters, their experiences) | Looking around, listening, remembering, I suddenly felt anxiety in my heart ... raised my eyes to the sky -but there was no rest in the sky either: speckled with stars, it kept moving, moving, shuddering; I bent down to the river ... but there, and in this dark, cold depth, the stars also swayed, trembled; I saw anxious revival everywhere- and anxiety grew in myself. (I. Turgenev "Asya") |
Lyric (creates a certain mood for the hero; sets the general tone of the story) | Below, fat, dense-green, flowering meadows are spread, and behind them, through yellow sands, a bright river flows, agitated by the light oars of fishing boats or rustling under the steering wheel of heavy plowswho sail from the most fruitful countries of the Russian Empire and endow greedy Moscow with bread.On the other side of the river, an oak grove is visible, near which numerous herds graze; there young shepherds, sitting under the shade of trees, sing simple, sad songs ...On the left side one can see vast fields covered with bread, fir-trees, three or four villages and in the distance the high village of Kolomenskoye with its high palace. I often come to this place and almost always meet spring there; I come there and grieve with nature on the gloomy days of autumn. (N. Karamzin "Poor Liza") |
Symbolic (acts as an image-symbol) | In the evenings over restaurants The hot air is wild and deaf Spring and pernicious spirit ... And every evening, behind the barriers, Breaking the bowlers Tried and tested wit. Oarlocks creak over the lake And there is a woman's screeching And in the sky, accustomed to everything, (A. Block "Stranger") |
Preview:
Analysis of the final rehearsal composition
for literature from 13.11. 2017
The final rehearsal essay on literature was completed by all 11 grade students - 10 people, which is 100%. The topics presented to the students reflected all 5 directions of the final essay. As a result, the composition of the three students did not meet requirement # 2 (independent writing of the work), therefore, their work, in general, was not credited. Typical mistakes made by students (4 people) in the work are logical (criterion number 3). According to criterion # 4 (literacy), tests were given to everyone, with the exception of Tatiana Sergienko.
Conclusions:
- Continue work on preparing for the final essay in five areas.
- To work on the mistakes made in the work.
- Draw the students' attention to the conclusions after the example arguments in accordance with the chosen topic.
- Conduct one more rehearsal final essay, taking into account correctional work.
Teacher Kachanova O.V.
Preview:
To use the preview, create yourself a Google account (account) and log into it: https://accounts.google.com I can prove my point of view by referring to the works (work) of fiction (journalistic) literature.
For evidence, we turn (turn) to works of fiction
Reflecting on the fact that ..., I cannot but refer to the work of the full name, in which ...
To be convinced of the correctness of the stated thesis, it is enough to give an example from fiction.
This is easy to verify by referring to fiction.
In the work (name) I found (found) a reflection (confirmation) of my thoughts ...
Fiction convinces me of the correctness of this point of view.
If the thesis is formulated in the main part, then the "bridges" should be different.
1. To be convinced of the correctness of the stated thesis, it is enough to give an example from fiction (written in the first paragraph, that is, in the introduction).
2. Each thesis begins:
First, (thesis + argument)
Second, (thesis + argument)
1. Written in the first paragraph, that is, in the introduction:
This is easy to verify by referring to fiction (journalistic) literature
2. Each thesis begins:
For example , (thesis + argument)
Besides, (thesis + argument)
2. Inside the main body (transition from one argument to another)
Let's remember another work, which also says (the question is raised) that ...
Another example can be cited.
I will give another example that proves my point of view - this is a work (name, title) ...
As the first argument confirming my idea of ..., I will take the work ...
As a second argument proving the thesis put forward by me, I will cite a story ...
The same topic is considered in the work ...
3. Brace connecting the main part and the conclusion
What conclusion did I come to (came to), reflecting on the topic "..."? I think we should ...
Finally, I would like to say that ...
Concluding my essay, I want to turn to the words of a famous Russian writer who said: "..."
In conclusion, one cannot but say about the relevance of the raised topic, which still sounds modern, because ...
In conclusion, I want to call people ...
Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that