Are there any happy people in Russia? Who lives well in Russia
From 1863 to 1877, Nekrasov created "Who Lives Well in Russia". The idea, characters, plot changed several times in the course of work. Most likely, the plan was not fully revealed: the author died in 1877. Despite this, "Who Lives Well in Russia" as a folk poem is considered a complete work. It was assumed that there will be 8 parts in it, but only 4 were completed.
The poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" begins with the presentation of the characters. These heroes are seven men from the villages: Dyryavino, Zaplatovo, Gorelovo, Neurozhayka, Znobishino, Razutovo, Neelovo. They meet and start a conversation about who lives happily and well in Russia. Each of the men has his own opinion. One thinks that the landowner is happy, the other that the official. Merchants, priest, minister, noble boyar, tsar are also called happy men from the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia". The heroes began to argue, lit a fire. It even came to a fight. However, they have not been able to reach an agreement.
Self-assembled tablecloth
Suddenly Pakhom completely unexpectedly caught the chick. The little warbler, his mother, asked the peasant to let the chick free. For this she suggested where you can find a self-assembled tablecloth - a very useful thing that will certainly come in handy on a long journey. Thanks to her, the men during the trip did not experience a shortage of food.
Priest's story
The next events continue the work "Who Lives Well in Russia". The heroes decided to find out at any cost who lives happily and cheerfully in Russia. They hit the road. First, they met a priest on the way. The men turned to him with a question about whether he lives happily. Then the pop talked about his life. He believes (in which the men could not disagree with him) that happiness is impossible without peace, honor, wealth. Pop believes that if he had it all, he would be completely happy. However, he is obliged both day and night, in any weather, to go wherever he is told - to the dying, to the sick. Every time the priest has to see human grief and suffering. Sometimes he even lacks the strength to take retribution for the service, since people tear the latter away from themselves. Once upon a time, everything was completely different. Pop says that rich landowners rewarded him generously for the funeral service, baptism, and wedding. However, now the rich are far away, and the poor have no money. The priest also has no honor: the peasants do not respect him, as evidenced by many folk songs.
Wanderers go to the fair
Wanderers understand that this person cannot be called happy, which is noted by the author of the work "Who Lives Well in Russia". The heroes set off again and find themselves on the road in the village of Kuzminskoye, at a fair. This village is dirty, albeit rich. There are a lot of establishments in which residents indulge in drunkenness. They spend their last money on drink. For example, the old man has no money left for shoes for his granddaughter, since he drank everything. All this is observed by wanderers from the work "Who Lives Well in Russia" (Nekrasov).
Yakim Nagoy
They also notice fairground entertainment and fights and talk about the fact that the man is forced to drink: this helps to withstand hard work and eternal hardship. An example of this is Yakim Nagoy, a man from the village of Bosovo. He works to death, "drinks half to death." Yakim believes that if there were no drunkenness, there would be great sadness.
The wanderers continue their journey. In the work "Who Lives Well in Russia" Nekrasov says that they want to find happy and cheerful people, they promise to give these lucky people free to drink. Therefore, all sorts of people are trying to pass themselves off as such - a former courtyard suffering from paralysis, who licked plates after a master for many years, exhausted workers, beggars. However, travelers themselves understand that these people cannot be called happy.
Ermil Girin
The men once heard about a man named Yermil Girin. His story is further told by Nekrasov, of course, he does not convey all the details. Yermil Girin is a burgomaster who was highly respected, a fair and honest person. He set out to buy out the mill one day. The peasants lent him money without a receipt, they trusted him so much. However, there was a peasant revolt. Now Yermil is in prison.
Obolt-Obolduev's story
Gavrila Obolt-Obolduev, one of the landowners, told about the fate of the nobles after they used to have a lot: serfs, villages, forests. On holidays, nobles could invite serfs into their homes to pray. But after that the master was no longer the rightful owner of the peasants. The pilgrims knew perfectly well how difficult life was during the days of serfdom. But it is also not difficult for them to understand that it became much harder for the nobles after the abolition of serfdom. And it’s no easier for the peasants now. The pilgrims understood that they would not be able to find a happy one among men. So they decided to go to women.
The life of Matryona Korchagina
The peasants were told that a peasant woman named Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina lives in one village, whom everyone calls a lucky woman. They found her, and Matryona told the peasants about her life. This story continues Nekrasov "Who lives well in Russia."
A summary of the life story of this woman is as follows. Her childhood was cloudless and happy. She had a hard-working, non-drinking family. Mother cared for and cherished her daughter. When Matryona grew up, she became a beauty. Once a stove-maker from another village, Philip Korchagin, approached her. Matryona told how he persuaded her to marry him. This was the only bright memory of this woman in her entire life, who was hopeless and dreary, although her husband treated her well by peasant standards: she almost never beat her. However, he went to the city to work. Matryona lived in her father-in-law's house. Everyone here treated her badly. The only one who was kind to the peasant woman was the very old grandfather Savely. He told her that for the murder of the manager he went to hard labor.
Soon Matryona gave birth to Demushka, a sweet and beautiful child. She could not part with him for a minute. However, the woman had to work in a field where her mother-in-law did not allow her to take the child. Grandfather Savely watched the baby. He once did not look after Demushka, and the child was eaten by pigs. We came to understand from the city, in front of the mother's eyes, they opened the baby. This was a hard blow for Matryona.
Then five children were born to her, all boys. Matryona was a kind and caring mother. One day Fedot, one of the children, was tending sheep. One of them was carried away by a she-wolf. This was the fault of the shepherd, who should have been punished with whips. Then Matryona begged them to beat her instead of her son.
She also said that one day they wanted to take her husband into the soldiers, although this was a violation of the law. Then Matryona went to the city, being pregnant. Here the woman met Elena Alexandrovna, the kind governor who helped her, and Matryona's husband was released.
The peasants considered Matryona a happy woman. However, after listening to her story, the men realized that she could not be called happy. There was too much suffering and misfortune in her life. Matryona Timofeevna herself also says that a woman in Russia, especially a peasant woman, cannot be happy. Her lot is very hard.
Survivor of the mind landowner
The way to the Volga is kept by peasant wanderers. Here is mowing. People are busy with hard work. Suddenly an amazing scene: the mowers are humiliated, they please the old master. It turned out that the landowner He could not realize what had already been canceled. Therefore, his relatives persuaded the peasants to behave as if it was still in effect. They were promised for this The men agreed, but were deceived once again. When the old master died, the heirs did not give them anything.
The story of Jacob
Repeatedly along the way, pilgrims listen to folk songs - hungry, soldier's and others, as well as various stories. They remembered, for example, the story of Yakov, the faithful servant. He always tried to please and please the master, who humiliated and beat the slave. However, this led to the fact that Jacob loved him even more. The master's legs gave out in old age. Jacob continued to look after him as if he were his own child. But he received no thanks for this. Grisha, a young guy, Jacob's nephew, wanted to marry one beauty - a serf girl. Out of jealousy, the old master sent Grisha into recruits. Yakov from this grief fell into drunkenness, but then returned to the master and took revenge. He took him to the forest and hanged himself in front of the master. Since his legs were paralyzed, he could not go anywhere. The master sat all night under the corpse of Yakov.
Grigory Dobrosklonov - people's defender
This and other stories make men think that they will not be able to find happy ones. However, they learn about Grigory Dobrosklonov, a seminarian. This is the son of a sexton, who saw the suffering and hopeless life of the people from childhood. He made a choice in his early youth, decided that he would give his strength to the struggle for the happiness of his people. Gregory is educated and smart. He understands that Russia is strong and will cope with all troubles. In the future, Gregory will have a glorious path, the loud name of the people's defender, "consumption and Siberia."
The peasants hear about this intercessor, but they do not yet have an understanding that such people can make others happy. This will not happen soon.
Heroes of the poem
Nekrasov portrayed various segments of the population. Simple peasants become the protagonists of the work. They were freed by the 1861 reform. But their life after the abolition of serfdom did not change much. The same hard work, a hopeless life. After the reform, moreover, the peasants who had their own land found themselves in an even more difficult situation.
The characterization of the heroes of the work "Who Lives Well in Russia" can be supplemented by the fact that the author has created surprisingly reliable images of peasants. Their characters are very accurate, although contradictory. Russian people have not only kindness, strength and integrity of character. They retained at the genetic level obsequiousness, servility, readiness to obey a despot and a tyrant. The advent of Grigory Dobrosklonov, a new man, is a symbol of the fact that honest, noble, intelligent people appear among the downtrodden peasantry. Let their fate be unenviable and difficult. Thanks to them, self-awareness will arise among the peasant masses, and people will finally be able to fight for happiness. This is what the heroes and the author of the poem dream about. ON. N. A. Nekrasov "Who Lives Well in Russia" was written with such sympathy for the people that today it makes us empathize with their fate at that difficult time.
In a loud, festive crowd
Wanderers walked
They called out the cry:
"Hey! Where's the happy one?"
Show up! If it turns out
That you live happily
We have a bucket ready:
Drink as much as you like for free -
We will treat you to glory! .. "
To such unheard-of speeches
Sober people laughed,
And drunk and smart
Almost spat in the beard
Zealous screamers.
However, hunters
Take a sip of free wine
Enough was found.
When the strangers returned
Under the linden, calling out a cry,
The people surrounded them.
The fired deacon came
Skinny as a sulfur match,
And he dismissed the fringes,
That happiness is not in pastures,
Not in sables, not in gold,
Not in expensive stones.
"And in what?"
- "In good humor!
There are limits to possessions
Lords, nobles, kings of the earth,
And the wise possession -
The whole helipad of Christ!
Kohl will warm the sun
Yes, I will miss a kosushchechka,
So I'm happy! "
- "And where will you get a kosushechka?"
- "Yes, you promised to give ..."
"Get out! You are naughty! .."
An old woman came,
Pockmarked, one-eyed
And announced, bowing,
That she is happy:
What's her fall
Rap up to a thousand was born
On a small ridge.
"Such a turnip is large,
Such turnips are delicious
And the whole ridge is three fathoms,
And in front of them - an arshin! "
They laughed at the woman,
But they didn't give a drop of vodka:
"Have a drink at home, old one,
Have that turnip snack! "
A soldier came with medals,
Slightly alive, but I want to drink:
"I'm happy!" - is talking.
"Well, open it, old lady,
What is the happiness of a soldier?
Don't hide, look! "
- "And first of all, happiness,
That in twenty battles
I was, not killed!
And secondly, more importantly,
I and during a peaceful time
I walked neither full nor hungry,
But death was not given!
And thirdly - for offenses,
Great and small
I beat mercilessly with sticks,
And at least feel it - alive! "
"Come on! Have a drink, servant!"
There is nothing to argue with you:
You are happy - there is no word! "
Came with a heavy hammer
Olonchanian stonemason,
Shouldered, young:
"And I live - I do not complain, -
He said, - with his wife, with mother
We do not know the need! "
"But what is your happiness?"
"But look (and with a hammer,
He waved like a feather):
If I wake up to the sun
Yes, I'll speed up about midnight
So I will crush the mountain!
Happened I do not boast
To hammer up crushed stones
Five silver a day! "
Groin raised "happiness"
And, grunting decently,
Brought to the worker:
"Well, weighty! But won't there be
Carry about with this happiness
Is it hard in old age? .. "
"Look, do not boast of strength, -
Said the man with shortness of breath,
Relaxed, thin
(The nose is sharp, like a dead man's,
Like a skinny hand rake,
Like the spokes of a leg are long
Not a man - a mosquito) .-
I was - no worse than a bricklayer
Yes, he also boasted of strength,
Here is God and punished!
The contractor, the beast, took a glimpse
That the kid is simple
Taught me to praise
And I'm foolishly happy
I work for four!
Once I wear a kind
I laid bricks
And here it is, damned,
And apply the hard one:
"What is this?" He says.
I don’t recognize Tryphon!
Go with such a burden
Aren't you ashamed of the fellow? "
- "And if it seems a little,
Add your master's hand! "-
I said, angry.
Well, for half an hour, I think
I waited, and he added,
And he planted it, you scoundrel!
I can hear it myself - the craving is terrible,
Yes, I did not want to back away.
And brought in that damn burden
I'm on the second floor!
The contractor looks, marvels,
Shouts, scoundrel, from there:
"Ai, well done, Trofim!
You don't know what you did:
You took down one to the extreme
Fourteen poods! "
Oh, I know! heart hammer
Pounding on the chest, bloody
There are circles in the eyes
The back seemed to be cracked ...
Trembling, legs are loose.
Why have I since then! ...
Pour, brother, half a glass! "
"Pour? But where is the happiness?
We treat the happy
And what did you tell! "
"Listen! There will be happiness!"
"Yes, in what, speak up!"
"And here's what. In my homeland,
Like any peasant,
I wanted to die.
From Peter, relaxed,
Crazy, almost without memory,
I got into the car.
In the carriage - feverish
Hot workers
There are a lot of us,
I wished for one thing
How can I: get to my homeland,
To die at home.
However, you need happiness
And then: we drove in the summer,
In the heat, in the stuffy
Many have got confused
Completely sick heads
In the carriage, hell went:
He groans, he rolls,
Like a catechuver, across the floor,
He raves about his wife, mother.
Well, at the nearest station
And down with that!
I looked at my comrades,
He himself was on fire, he thought -
Not good for me too
In the eyes of the circles are crimson,
And everything seems to me, brother,
I cut the peuns
(We are also hunters,
Happened to fatten up in a year
Up to a thousand goiter).
Where did you remember, damned!
I tried to pray
No! everything goes crazy!
Would you believe it? whole party
Trembling before me!
Larynx slit
Blood gushes, and they sing!
And I with a knife: "Yes, you are full!"
How the Lord had mercy,
That I didn't scream?
I sit, I'm strong ... luckily,
The day is over, and by evening
It got colder, - took pity
God is over the orphans!
Well, that's how we got there,
And I got home,
And here, by God's grace,
And it became easier for me ... "
"What are you bragging about?
With your muzhik happiness? -
Screams, broken to his feet,
The yard man.
And you treat me:
I'm happy, God knows!
At the first boyar,
At Prince Peremetyev,
I was a beloved slave.
The wife is a beloved slave,
And the daughter together with the young lady
She also studied French
And all kinds of languages
She was allowed to sit down
In the presence of the princess ...
Ouch! how pricked! .. priests! .. "
(And started the right leg
Rub your palms.)
The peasants laughed.
"Why are you laughing, stupid, -
Pissed off unexpectedly
The courtyard shouted.
I'm sick, but should I tell you
What do I pray to the Lord,
Getting up and lying down?
I pray: "Leave me, Lord,
My honorable disease
According to her, I'm a nobleman! "
Not with your mean fondness,
Not hoarse, not a hernia -
Disease noble
What is there only
At the top officials in the empire,
I'm sick, man!
Yes, it’s called!
To get her -
Champagne, burgundy,
Tokay, Hungarian
Thirty years must be drunk ...
Behind the chair of the lord
At Prince Peremetyev
I stood for forty years
With the best French truffle
I licked the plates
Foreign drinks
He drank from the glasses ...
Well, pour! "
- "Spill it!
We have peasant wine,
Simple, not overseas -
Not on your lips! "
Yellow-haired, hunched over,
Shyly crept up to the strangers
Belarusian peasant,
There also reaches for vodka:
"Pour me a little manic too,
I'm happy! "- he says.
"And you do not go with your hands!
Report, prove
First, what are you happy about? "
"And our happiness is in bread:
I'm at home in Belarus
With chaff, with a fire
Chewed barley bread;
Writhing like a woman in labor
How to grab the bellies.
And now, the grace of God! -
Satisfied with Gubonin
They give rye bread
I chew - I don’t get rich! "
Came some kind of cloudy
A guy with a twisted cheekbone,
Everything looks to the right:
"I go after bears,
And great happiness to me:
My three comrades
Broke the bears
And I live, God is merciful! "
"Well, look to the left?"
I didn't look, no matter how I tried,
What scary faces
Neither the little peasant twisted:
"The bear rolled me
Manenichko cheekbone! "
- "And you measure yourself with the other,
Give her your right cheek -
Correct .... "- Laughed,
However, they brought it up.
The ragged beggars
Hearing the smell of foam
And they came to prove
How happy they are:
"We are at the door of the shopkeeper
Meets with alms,
And we will enter the house, so from the house
Escorted to the gate ...
We will sing a little song
The hostess runs to the window
With a crumb, with a knife,
And we are filling in:
"Come on, come on - the whole loaf,
Does not wrinkle or crumble
You hurry, and we hurry .... "
Our pilgrims realized,
That they spent vodka for nothing,
By the way, and a little bucket
End. "Well, it will be with you!
Hey, muzhik happiness!
Leaky, with patches,
Humpbacked with calluses
Get out home! "
"And you, dear friends,
Ask Ermila Girin, -
He said, sitting down with the pilgrims,
Dymoglotova villages
Peasant Fedosey.
If Yermil won't help out,
He won't be lucky
So there is nothing to stagger ... "
"And who is Yermil?
Is it a prince, a splendid count? "
"Not a prince, not a splendid count,
But he's just a man! "
"You speak more intelligently,
Sit down and we will listen
What is Yermil? "
"And here's what: an orphan
Yermilo kept the mill
At Unzha. By court
Decided to sell the mill:
Yermilo came with the others
To the ward for the auction.
Empty buyers
Fell off quickly
One merchant Altynnikov
I entered the battle with Yermil,
Not lagging behind, bargaining,
Deals a pretty penny.
How angry Yermilo will be -
Grab five rubles at once!
The merchant is a pretty penny again,
They had a battle:
The merchant is his penny,
And that one with his ruble!
Altynnikov could not resist!
Yes, there was an opportunity here:
They immediately began to demand
The third part of the makings,
And the third part is up to a thousand.
There was no money with Yermil,
Has he done it himself,
Have the clerk cheated,
But it turned out to be rubbish!
Altynnikov cheered up:
"My, it comes out, the mill!"
"No!" Says Yermil,
Goes up to the chairman. -
Couldn't your grace
Wait half an hour? "
"What will you do in half an hour?"
"I'll bring the money!"
"Where will you find it? Are you in your mind?
Thirty-five versts to the mill,
And after an hour the presence
The end, my dear! "
"So, half an hour, excuse me?"
"Perhaps we will hesitate for an hour!"
Yermil went; clerk
We exchanged glances with the merchant,
Laugh, scoundrels!
To the area to the trade
Yermilo came (in the city
That day was a bazaar),
I stood on a cart, we see: he is baptized,
On all four sides
Shouts: "Hey, good people!
Be quiet, listen
I'll tell you a word! "
The crowded square has quieted down,
And then Yermil about the mill
He told the people:
"It has long been a merchant Altynnikov
Tied to the mill
Yes, I did not do it either,
I spent five times in the city,
They said: with overturning
Bidding is scheduled.
Idle, you know
Carry the treasury to the peasant
A country road is not a hand:
I arrived without a penny
Lo and behold - they have spoken
No rebidding bargaining!
The vile souls have cheated,
Yes, and the infidels laugh:
"What will you do in an hour?
Where will you find the money? "
Perhaps I will, God is merciful!
Cunning, strong clerk,
And the world is stronger than theirs,
The merchant Altynnikov is rich,
And still he will not resist
Against the worldly treasury -
Her, like a fish from the sea,
To catch a century is not to catch.
Well, brothers! God knows
I'll get it off that Friday!
The mill is not dear to me,
The offense is great!
If you know Yermila,
If you believe Yermila,
So help out, eh! .. "
And a miracle happened:
Throughout the marketplace
Every peasant
Like the wind, half left
Suddenly spun!
The peasantry forked out
They carry money to Yermila,
They give who is rich in what.
Ermilo is a literate guy,
Yes, there is no time to write down
Put on a full hat
Tselkovikov, lobanchikov,
Burnt, bat, battered
Peasant bank notes.
Yermilo took - did not disdain
And a copper nickel.
Still he would have disdained
When did I come across
Other copper hryvnia
More expensive than a hundred rubles!
Already the whole amount has been fulfilled,
And the generosity of the people
She grew up: "Take it, Ermil Ilyich,
Give it back, it won't be lost! "
Yermil bowed to the people
On all four sides
I walked into the ward with a hat,
Clutching the treasury in it.
The clerk was surprised,
Altynnikov turned green,
How he is full of the whole thousand
I put them on the table! ..
Not a wolf's tooth, so a fox's tail, -
Let's go play the clerk,
Yes, Yermil Ilyich is not like that,
I did not say an unnecessary word,
I didn't give them a penny!
The whole city came to look,
Like a market day, Friday,
After a week of time
Yermil in the same square
The people counted.
Where is everyone to be remembered?
At that time, the work was done
In a fever, in a hurry!
However, there was no controversy,
And give out an extra penny
Yermil didn't have to.
Also, he himself told,
An extra ruble - whose God knows! -
Stayed with him.
All day long open
Yermil walked around, asked:
Whose ruble? yes I did not find it.
Already the sun has set
When from the marketplace
Yermil was the last to move,
Having given that ruble to the blind ...
So that's what Yermil Ilyich is like. "
“Wonderful!” Said the pilgrims.
However, it is advisable to know -
What kind of witchcraft
A man over the whole neighborhood
Did you take such power? "
"Not by witchcraft, but by truth.
Have you heard about Hellschina,
Yurlov-prince fiefdom? "
"You've heard, well, so what?"
"It has the main manager
There was a gendarme corps
Colonel with a star
He has five or six assistants,
And our Yermilo is a clerk
I was in the office.
About twenty years old,
What will the scribe have?
However, for the peasant
And the clerk is a man.
You approach him first,
And he will advise
And he will bring you help;
Where there is enough strength - it will help out,
Will not ask for gratitude
And if you give it, it won't take it!
A thin conscience is needed -
To the peasant from the peasant
To extort a penny.
In this way, the whole fiefdom
At the age of five Yermilu Girin
I learned well
And then they kicked him out ...
They felt sorry for Girin,
It was difficult for the new,
Grabber, get used to,
However, there is nothing to do
Time adjusted
And to the new scribe.
He's not a line without a thrasher,
Not a word without a seven-ball,
Burnt out, from the couturiers -
God told him!
However, by the will of God,
He did not reign for long, -
The old prince passed away,
A young prince arrived,
Chased away that colonel
Chased away his assistant,
I drove the whole office,
And he told us from the fiefdom
To pick up the steward.
Well, we didn't think long
Six thousand souls, with the whole fiefdom
We shout: "Ermila Girin!" -
As a man is one!
They call Yermila to see the master.
After talking with the peasant,
From the balcony, the prince shouts:
"Well, brothers! Be it your way.
With my princely seal
Your choice is approved:
The man is agile, competent,
I'll say one thing: aren't you young? .. "
And we: "There is no need, father,
And young and smart! "
Ermilo went to reign
Over the entire prince's patrimony,
And he reigned!
At seven years old worldly penny
I didn’t pinch it under my fingernail,
At seven years old, he did not touch the right one,
Did not let the guilty one
I didn't twist my soul ... "
"Stop!" - shouted reproachfully
Some gray priest
The storyteller. - You sin!
The harrow went straight,
Yes, she suddenly waved to the side -
A tooth hit the stone!
If he undertook to tell
So don't throw out the words
From a song: or to wanderers
Are you telling a fairy tale? ..
I knew Yermila Girin ... "
"I suppose I didn't know?
We were one of the estates,
The same volost,
Yes, we were transferred ... "
"And if you knew Girin,
So knew brother Mitri,
Think about it, buddy. "
The narrator became thoughtful
And after a pause, he said:
"I lied: the word is superfluous
Failed on the fly!
There was a case, and Ermil the man
Crazy: from recruitment
Little brother Mithrius
He fended off.
We are silent: there is nothing to argue,
The master of the elder's brother himself
I wouldn’t tell you to zabrit,
One Nenila Vlasyeva
Crying bitterly for his son,
Shouts: not our turn!
It is known to have screamed
Yes, with that, and drove off.
So what is it? Yermil himself,
Having finished with the recruitment,
I began to yearn, to grieve,
Doesn't drink, doesn't eat: that's the end,
What's in the stall with a rope
His father found him.
Here the son repented to his father:
"Since the son of Vlasyevna
I put it out of line
The white light hates me! "
And he himself reaches for the rope.
Tried to persuade
His father and brother,
He is all one: "I am a criminal!
The villain! tie my hands
Lead me to court! "
So that it does not happen worse,
Father tied the heart
He posted a guard.
The world has come together, makes a noise, makes a noise,
Such a wonderful thing
Never came forever
Neither see nor decide.
Ermilov family
They tried not about that,
So that we give them peace,
And judge more strictly -
Give the boy back to Vlasyevna,
Otherwise Yermil will hang himself,
You can't see him!
Yermil Ilyich himself came,
Barefoot, thin, with pads,
With a rope in my arms
Came and said: "It was time
I judged you by conscience,
Now I myself am more sinful than you:
You judge me! "
And bowed at our feet.
Neither give nor take the holy fool,
Stands, sighs, crosses himself,
It was a pity for us to see
As he is before the old woman,
Before Nenila Vlasyeva,
Suddenly I fell to my knees!
Well, it's all over,
The lord of the strong
Hand everywhere: Vlasyevna's son
Returned, surrendered Mitriya,
Yes, they say, and Mitria
It's not hard to serve
The prince himself takes care of him.
And for the offense from Girin
We put a fine:
Penalty money for the recruit,
A small part of Vlasyevna,
Part of the world for wine ...
However, after that
Yermil did not manage soon,
For a year like a crazy walk.
No matter how the patrimony asked,
I quit my job
I rented that mill
And he became even worse than before
All people love:
I took for the grinding according to my conscience,
Did not detain the people,
Clerk, manager,
Wealthy landlords
And the men are the poorest -
All queues obeyed
The order was strict!
I myself am already in that province
Haven't been in a long time
And I heard about Yermila,
The people will not praise them,
You go to him. "
"In vain do you pass, -
Said already once arguing
Gray-haired pop.
I knew Ermila Girin,
I got to that province
Five years ago
(I've traveled a lot in my life,
Our Right Reverend
Translate priests
He loved) ... With Ermila Girin
We were neighbors.
Yes! was the only man!
He had everything he needed
For happiness: and calmness,
And money and honor,
Enviable honor, true,
Not bought by any money
Nor by fear: by strict truth,
With intelligence and kindness!
Yes, only, I repeat to you,
In vain you pass,
He sits in prison ... "
"How so?"
- "And the will of God!
Has any of you heard
How the fiefdom rebelled
Landowner Obrubkov,
Frightened province
Uyezd Nedykhaniev,
Village Tetanus? ..
How to write about fires
In the newspapers (I read them):
"Remained unknown
The reason "is the same here:
Until now, unknown
Not a zemstvo police chief,
Not to the highest government
Not to tetanus themselves,
Where did the opportunity come from?
But it turned out to be rubbish.
It took an army
The sovereign himself sent
I spoke to the people,
Then he will try to swear
And shoulders with epaulets
Will rise high
Then he will try it with affection
And the chest with the royal crosses
In all four directions
Will start to turn.
Yes, swearing was superfluous here,
And the weasel is incomprehensible:
"The Orthodox peasantry!
Mother Russia! tsar-father! "
And nothing more!
Beaten so enough
They wanted the soldiers
Command: Fell!
Yes to the volost clerk
A happy thought came here,
It is about Yermila Girin
He said to the chief:
"The people will believe Girin,
The people will listen to him .... "
- "Call him live!"
......................
Suddenly a cry: "Ay, ay! Have mercy!",
Resounding unexpectedly
Broke the priest's speech
Everyone rushed to look:
At the road roller
A drunken footman whipped -
Got caught stealing!
Where he is caught, here is his judgment:
There were about three dozen judges,
We decided to give on a vine,
And everyone gave a vine!
The footman jumped up and, spanking
Thin boots
Without a word, he gave cravings.
"See, I ran like a disheveled one! -
Our pilgrims joked,
Recognizing it as a baluster,
That he was bragging about some
A particular disease
From foreign wines.
Where did the agility come from!
That noble disease
Suddenly it took off, as if by hand! "
"Hey, hey! Where are you going, father!
Tell the story
How the fiefdom rebelled
Landowner Obrubkov,
Tetanus Village? "
"It's time to go home, dear ones.
God willing, we will meet again,
Then I'll finish it! "
In the morning, everyone drove away,
The crowd was amazed.
The peasants decided to sleep,
Suddenly a three with a bell
Out of nowhere,
Flies! and it sways
Some kind of round gentleman,
Mustached, pot-bellied,
With a cigar in my mouth.
The peasants rushed at once
To the road, they took off their caps,
They bowed low,
Lined up in a row
And a three with a bell
Barred the way ...
V chapter "Happy" a crowd of men and women will appear on the way of the men. Many of the peasants who met declare themselves "happy", but the peasants do not agree with everyone. The researchers noted an important feature in this list of “happy” - in general, they represent different peasant “professions”, their stories reveal “almost all aspects of the life of the working masses: here there is a soldier, a stonemason, a worker, a Belarusian peasant, etc. . ". In this episode, the wanderers themselves act as judges: they do not need to be convinced who is happy and who is not - they decide this issue on their own. And that is why they laughed at the “dismissed clerk”, who assured that happiness is “in complacency,” in the acceptance of little joy; laughed at the old woman, "happy" because "she had a turnip up to a thousand in the fall / On a small ridge." They took pity on the old soldier, who considered it fortunate that he "did not give up death," having been in twenty battles. They respected the mighty stonemason, who was convinced that happiness lies in the power, but still they did not agree with him: “<...>but will it not be / Carry about with this happiness / It's hard in old age? .. ”It is no coincidence that the story of a hero-man who has lost both his strength and health at hard work and who returned to his homeland to die immediately follows. Strength, youth, and health are precarious foundations for happiness. Nekrasov's peasants did not accept the "happiness" of the bear hunter, who rejoices that he did not die, but was only wounded in a fight with the beast, they do not recognize the happiness of the Belarusian, who received plenty of bread. In disgrace they drove away the footman, Prince Peremetyev, who saw happiness in his lackey. But the happiness of Yermila Girin, both to them and to many of the witnesses of these conversations, seems to be very justified.
The story of Ermila Girin it is no coincidence that it takes center stage in the chapter. His story is both instructive and really makes you believe that a man can be happy. What is the happiness of Yermila Girin? A native of peasants, he earned money with his mind and labor, at first he kept the "orphan's mill", then, when they decided to sell it, he decided to buy it. Deceived by the podyachim, Yermil did not bring money for the bargaining, but the men who knew Girin's honesty helped out: they collected the "worldly treasury" for a pretty penny. "Mir" has proved its strength, its ability to resist untruth. But the "world" helped Girin because everyone knew his life. And other stories from the life of Yermil Ilyich confirm his kindness and decency. Having sinned once, having sent a widow's son instead of his brother, Yermil repented before the people, ready to accept any punishment, any shame:
Yermil Ilyich himself came,
Barefoot, thin, with pads,
With a rope in my arms
Came and said: “It was time
I judged you by conscience,
Now I myself am more sinful than you:
You judge me! "
And bowed at our feet,
Neither give nor take the holy fool<...>
The journey of the men could have ended with a meeting with Yermil Girin. His life corresponds to the popular understanding of happiness and includes: calmness, wealth, honor, obtained by honesty and kindness:
Yes! was the only man!
He had everything he needed
For happiness: and calmness,
And money and honor,
Enviable honor, true,
Not bought by any money
Nor by fear: by strict truth,
With intelligence and kindness!
But it is no coincidence that Nekrasov ends the chapter with a story about the misfortune of the happy Girin. “If Nekrasov,” B.Ya. Bukhshtab, - wanted to recognize a person like Girin as happy, he could not introduce a prison situation. Of course, Nekrasov wants to show with this episode that happiness in Russia is hindered by the oppression of the people, which somehow deprives the happiness of people who sympathize with the people.<...>... The happiness of a merchant, who has acquired - albeit by legal means - a hefty capital, albeit a decent, kind person - is not the kind of happiness that could resolve the wanderer's dispute, because this happiness is not in the understanding that the poet wants to instill in the reader. " We can assume one more reason for such a chapter ending: Nekrasov wanted to show the insufficiency of all these terms for happiness. The happiness of one person, especially an honest one, is impossible against the background of general unhappiness.
Other Analysis Articles the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia".
Chapter 4
Happy
In a loud, festive crowd
Wanderers walked
They called out the cry:
"Hey! is there no happy one?
Show up! If it turns out
That you live happily
We have a bucket ready:
Drink as much as you like for free -
We will treat you to glory! .. "
To such unheard-of speeches
Sober people laughed,
And drunk and smart
Almost spat in the beard
Zealous screamers.
However, hunters
Take a sip of free wine
Enough was found.
When the strangers returned
Under the linden, calling out a cry,
The people surrounded them.
The fired deacon came
Skinny as a sulfur match,
And he dismissed the fringes,
That happiness is not in pastures,
Not in sables, not in gold,
Not in expensive stones.
"And in what?"
- “In complacency!
There are limits to possessions
Lords, nobles, kings of the earth,
And the wise possession -
The whole helipad of Christ!
Kohl will warm the sun
Yes, I will miss a kosushchechka,
So I'm happy! "
- "Where are you going to get a kosushechka?"
- "And you promised to give ..."
“Get out! you are naughty! .. "
An old woman came,
Pockmarked, one-eyed
And announced, bowing,
That she is happy:
What's her fall
Rap up to a thousand was born
On a small ridge.
“Such a turnip is big,
Such turnips are delicious
And the whole ridge is three fathoms,
And ahead of them - an arshin! "
They laughed at the woman,
But they didn't give a drop of vodka:
“Have a drink at home, old one,
Have a snack with that turnip! "
A soldier came with medals,
Slightly alive, but I want to drink:
"I'm happy!" - is talking.
“Well, open it up, old lady,
What is the happiness of a soldier?
Don't hide, look! "
- “And that, first of all, is happiness,
That in twenty battles
I was, not killed!
And secondly, more importantly,
I and during a peaceful time
I didn’t go hungry,
But death was not given!
And thirdly - for offenses,
Great and small
I beat mercilessly with sticks,
And at least feel it - alive! "
"On! have a drink, servant!
There is nothing to argue with you:
You are happy - there is no word! "
Came with a heavy hammer
Olonchanian stonemason,
Shouldered, young:
“And I live - I don’t complain, -
He said, - with his wife, with mother
We do not know the need! "
"But what is your happiness?"
“But look (and with a hammer,
He waved like a feather):
If I wake up to the sun
Yes, I'll speed up about midnight
So I will crush the mountain!
Happened, I do not boast,
To hammer up crushed stones
Five silver a day! "
Groin raised "happiness"
And, grunting decently,
Brought to the worker:
“Well, weighty! will not
Carry about with this happiness
Is it hard in old age? .. "
“Look, do not brag about strength, -
Said the man with shortness of breath,
Relaxed, thin
(The nose is sharp, like a dead man's,
Like a skinny hand rake,
Like the spokes of a leg are long
Not a man - a mosquito). -
I was - no worse than a bricklayer
Yes, he also boasted of strength,
So God has punished!
The contractor, the beast, took a glimpse
That the kid is simple
Taught me to praise
And I'm foolishly happy
I work for four!
Once I wear a kind
I laid bricks
And here it is, damned,
And apply the hard one:
"What is it? - is talking. -
I don’t recognize Tryphon!
Go with such a burden
Aren't you ashamed of the fellow? "
- “And if it seems a little,
Add your master's hand! " -
I said, angry.
Well, for half an hour, I think
I waited, and he added,
And he planted it, you scoundrel!
I can hear it myself - the craving is terrible,
Yes, I did not want to back away.
And brought in that damn burden
I'm on the second floor!
The contractor looks, marvels,
Shouts, scoundrel, from there:
“Oh, well done, Trofim!
You don't know what you did:
You carried one to the extreme
Fourteen poods! "
Oh, I know! heart hammer
Pounding on the chest, bloody
There are circles in the eyes
The back seemed to be cracked ...
Trembling, legs are loose.
Why have I since then! ..
Pour, brother, half a glass! "
“Pour? But where is happiness here?
We treat the happy
And what did you tell! "
“Listen! there will be happiness! "
"Yes, in what, speak up!"
“Here's what. In my homeland
Like any peasant,
I wanted to die.
From Peter, relaxed,
Crazy, almost without memory,
I got into the car.
Well, here we go.
In the carriage - feverish
Hot workers
There are a lot of us,
I wished for one thing
How can I: get to my homeland,
To die at home.
However, you need happiness
And then: we drove in the summer,
In the heat, in the stuffy
Many have got confused
Completely sick heads
In the carriage, hell went:
He groans, he rolls,
Like a catechuver, across the floor,
He raves about his wife, mother.
Well, at the nearest station
And down with that!
I looked at my comrades,
He himself was on fire, he thought -
Not good for me too.
In the eyes of the circles are crimson,
And everything seems to me, brother,
I cut the peuns
(We are also hunters,
Happened to fatten up in a year
Up to a thousand goiter).
Where did you remember, damned!
I tried to pray
No! everything goes crazy!
Would you believe it? whole party
Trembling before me!
Larynx slit
Blood gushes, and they sing!
And I with a knife: "Yes, you are full!"
How the Lord had mercy,
That I didn't scream?
I sit, I'm strong ... luckily,
The day is over, and by evening
It got colder, - took pity
God is over the orphans!
Well, that's how we got there,
And I got home,
And here, by God's grace,
And it became easier for me ... "
“What are you bragging about?
With your muzhik happiness? -
Screams, broken to his feet,
The yard man. -
And you treat me:
I'm happy, God knows!
At the first boyar,
At Prince Peremetyev,
I was a beloved slave.
The wife is a beloved slave,
And the daughter together with the young lady
She also studied French
And all kinds of languages
She was allowed to sit down
In the presence of the princess ...
Ouch! how pricked! .. priests! .. "
(And started the right leg
Rub your palms.)
The peasants laughed.
“Why are you laughing, you stupid ones, -
Pissed off unexpectedly
The courtyard shouted. -
I'm sick, but should I tell you
What do I pray to the Lord,
Getting up and lying down?
I pray: "Leave me, Lord,
My honorable disease
According to her, I'm a nobleman! "
Not with your mean fondness,
Not hoarse, not a hernia -
A noble disease
What is there only
At the top officials in the empire,
I'm sick, man!
Yes, it’s called!
To get her -
Champagne, burgundy,
Tokay, Hungarian
Thirty years must be drunk ...
Behind the chair of the lord
At Prince Peremetyev
I stood for forty years
With the best French truffle
I licked the plates
Foreign drinks
I drank from the glasses ...
Well, pour! "
- “Get out!
We have peasant wine,
Simple, not overseas -
Not on your lips! "
Yellow-haired, hunched over,
Shyly crept up to the strangers
Belarusian peasant,
There also reaches for vodka:
"Pour me a manenich too,
I'm happy!" - is talking.
“Don't bother with your hands!
Report, prove
First, what are you happy with? "
“And our happiness is in bread:
I'm at home in Belarus
With chaff, with a fire
Chewed barley bread;
Writhing like a woman in labor
How to grab the bellies.
And now, the mercy of God! -
Satisfied with Gubonin
They give rye bread
I chew - I will not cash in! "
Came some kind of cloudy
A guy with a twisted cheekbone,
Everything looks to the right:
“I go after bears,
And great happiness to me:
My three comrades
Broke the bears
And I live, God is merciful! "
"Well, look to the left?"
I didn't look, no matter how I tried,
What scary faces
Neither the little peasant twisted:
"The bear turned me up
Manenichko cheekbone! "
- "And you measure yourself with the other,
Give her your right cheek -
Correct ... "- Laughed,
However, they brought it up.
The ragged beggars
Hearing the smell of foam
And they came to prove
How happy they are:
"We are at the door of the shopkeeper
Meets with alms,
And we will enter the house, so from the house
Escorted to the gate ...
We will sing a little song
The hostess runs to the window
With a crumb, with a knife,
And we are filling in:
“Give, let's give - the whole loaf,
Does not wrinkle or crumble
You hurry up, but hurry up to us ... "
* * *
Our pilgrims realized,
That they spent vodka for nothing,
By the way, and a little bucket
End. “Well, it will be with you!
Hey, muzhik happiness!
Leaky with patches
Humpbacked with calluses
Get out home! "
“And you, dear friends,
Ask Ermila Girin, -
He said, sitting down with the pilgrims,
Dymoglotova villages
Peasant Fedosey. -
If Yermil won't help out,
He won't be lucky
So there is nothing to stagger ... "
“Who is Yermil?
Is it a prince, a splendid count? "
“Not a prince, not a splendid count,
But he's just a man! "
“You speak more intelligently,
Sit down and we will listen
What is Yermil? "
"And here's what: an orphan
Yermilo kept the mill
At Unzha. By court
Decided to sell the mill:
Yermilo came with the others
To the ward for the auction.
Empty buyers
Fell off quickly
One merchant Altynnikov
I entered the battle with Yermil,
Not lagging behind, bargaining,
Deals a pretty penny.
How angry Yermilo will be -
Grab five rubles at once!
The merchant is a pretty penny again,
They had a battle:
The merchant is his penny,
And that one with his ruble!
Altynnikov could not resist!
Yes, there was an opportunity here:
They immediately began to demand
The third part of the makings,
And the third part is up to a thousand.
There was no money with Yermil,
Has he done it himself,
Have the clerk cheated,
But it turned out to be rubbish!
Altynnikov cheered up:
"My, it turns out, the mill!"
"No! - says Yermil,
Goes up to the chairman. -
Couldn't your grace
Wait half an hour? "
"What will you do in half an hour?"
"I'll bring the money!"
“Where will you find it? Are you in your mind?
Thirty-five versts to the mill,
And after an hour the presence
The end, my dear! "
"So, half an hour, excuse me?"
"Perhaps we will hesitate for an hour!"
Yermil went; clerk
We exchanged glances with the merchant,
Laugh, scoundrels!
To the area to the trade
Yermilo came (in the city
That day was a bazaar),
I stood on a cart, we see: he is baptized,
On all four sides
Shouts: “Hey, good people!
Be quiet, listen
I'll tell you the word! "
The crowded square has quieted down,
And then Yermil about the mill
He told the people:
"For a long time the merchant Altynnikov
Tied to the mill
Yes, I did not do it either,
I spent five times in the city,
They said: with overturning
Bidding is scheduled.
Idle, you know
Carry the treasury to the peasant
A country road is not a hand:
I arrived without a penny
Lo and behold - they have spoken
No rebidding bargaining!
The vile souls have cheated,
Yes, and the infidels laugh:
“What will you do in an hour?
Where will you find the money? "
Perhaps I will find, God is merciful!
Cunning, strong clerk,
And the world is stronger than theirs,
The merchant Altynnikov is rich,
And still he will not resist
Against the worldly treasury -
Her, like a fish from the sea,
To catch a century is not to catch.
Well, brothers! God sees
I'll get it off that Friday!
The mill is not dear to me,
The offense is great!
If you know Yermila,
If you believe Yermila,
So help out, eh! ..
And a miracle happened:
Throughout the marketplace
Every peasant
Like the wind, half left
Suddenly spun!
The peasantry forked out
They carry money to Yermila,
They give who is rich in what.
Ermilo is a literate guy,
Put on a full hat
Tselkovikov, lobanchikov,
Burnt, bat, battered
Peasant bank notes.
Yermilo took - did not disdain
And a copper nickel.
Still he would have disdained
When did I come across
Other copper hryvnia
More expensive than a hundred rubles !!
Already the whole amount has been fulfilled,
And the generosity of the people
She grew up: “Take it, Ermil Ilyich,
If you give it back, it will not be lost! "
Yermil bowed to the people
On all four sides
I walked into the ward with a hat,
Clutching the treasury in it.
The clerk was surprised,
Altynnikov turned green,
How he is full of the whole thousand
I put them on the table! ..
Not a wolf's tooth, so a fox's tail, -
Let's go play the clerk,
Congratulations on your purchase!
Yes, Yermil Ilyich is not like that,
I did not say an unnecessary word,
I didn't give them a penny!
The whole city came to look,
Like a market day, Friday,
After a week of time
Yermil in the same square
The people counted.
Where is everyone to be remembered?
At that time, the work was done
In a fever, in a hurry!
However, there was no controversy,
And give out an extra penny
Yermil didn't have to.
Also, he himself told,
An extra ruble - whose God knows! -
Stayed with him.
All day long open
Yermil walked around, asked:
Whose ruble? yes I did not find it.
Already the sun has set
When from the marketplace
Yermil was the last to move,
Having given that ruble to the blind ...
So that's what Yermil Ilyich is like. "
“Wonderful! - said the pilgrims. -
However, it is advisable to know -
What kind of witchcraft
A man over the whole neighborhood
Did you take such power? "
“Not by witchcraft, but by truth.
Have you heard about Hellschina,
Yurlov-prince fiefdom? "
"You've heard, well, so what?"
“It has the main manager
There was a gendarme corps
Colonel with a star
He has five or six assistants,
And our Yermilo is a clerk
I was in the office.
About twenty years old,
What will the scribe have?
However, for the peasant
And the clerk is a man.
You approach him first,
And he will advise
And he will bring you help;
Where there is enough strength - it will help out,
Will not ask for gratitude
And if you give it, it won't take it!
A thin conscience is needed -
To the peasant from the peasant
To extort a penny.
In this way, the whole fiefdom
At the age of five Yermilu Girin
I learned well
And then they kicked him out ...
They felt sorry for Girin,
It was difficult for the new,
Grabber, get used to,
However, there is nothing to do
Time adjusted
And to the new scribe.
He's not a line without a thrasher,
Not a word without a seven-ball,
Burnt out, from the couturiers -
God told him too!
However, by the will of God,
He did not reign for long, -
The old prince passed away,
A young prince arrived,
Chased away that colonel
Chased away his assistant,
I drove the whole office,
And he told us from the fiefdom
To pick up the steward.
Well, we didn't think long
Six thousand souls, with the whole fiefdom
We shout: "Ermila Girin!" -
As a man is one!
They call Yermila to see the master.
After talking with the peasant,
From the balcony, the prince shouts:
“Well, brothers! be your way.
With my princely seal
Your choice is approved:
The man is agile, competent,
I will say one thing: aren't you young? .. "
And we: “There is no need, father,
And young, but smart! "
Ermilo went to reign
Over the entire prince's patrimony,
And he reigned!
At seven years old worldly penny
I didn’t pinch it under my fingernail,
At seven years old, he did not touch the right one,
Did not let the guilty one
I didn't twist my soul ... "
“Stop! - shouted reproachfully
Some gray priest
The storyteller. - You sin!
The harrow went straight,
Yes, she suddenly waved to the side -
A tooth hit the stone!
If he undertook to tell
So don't throw out the words
From a song: or to wanderers
Are you telling a fairy tale? ..
I knew Yermila Girin ... "
“I suppose I didn't know?
We were one of the estates,
The same volost,
Yes, we were transferred ... "
“If you knew Girin,
So knew brother Mitri,
Think about it, buddy. "
The narrator became thoughtful
And after a pause, he said:
"I lied: the word is superfluous
Failed on the fly!
There was a case, and Ermil the man
Crazy: from recruitment
Little brother Mithrius
He fended off.
We are silent: there is nothing to argue,
The master of the elder's brother himself
I wouldn’t tell you to zabrit,
One Nenila Vlasyevna
Crying bitterly for his son,
Shouts: not our turn!
It is known to have screamed
Yes, with that, and drove off.
So what is it? Yermil himself,
Having finished with the recruitment,
I began to yearn, to grieve,
Doesn't drink, doesn't eat: that's the end,
What's in the stall with a rope
His father found him.
Here the son repented to his father:
“Since the son of Vlasyevna
I put it out of line
The white light hates me! "
And he himself reaches for the rope.
Tried to persuade
His father and brother,
He is all one: “I am a criminal!
The villain! tie my hands
Lead me to court! "
So that it does not happen worse,
Father tied the heart
He posted a guard.
The world has come together, makes a noise, makes a noise,
Such a wonderful thing
Never came forever
Neither see nor decide.
Ermilov family
They tried not about that,
So that we give them peace,
And judge more strictly -
Give the boy back to Vlasyevna,
Otherwise Yermil will hang himself,
You can't see him!
Yermil Ilyich himself came,
Barefoot, thin, with pads,
With a rope in my arms
Came and said: “It was time
I judged you by conscience,
Now I myself am more sinful than you:
You judge me! "
And bowed at our feet.
Neither give nor take the holy fool,
Stands, sighs, crosses himself,
It was a pity for us to see
As he is before the old woman,
Before Nenila Vlasyevna,
Suddenly I fell to my knees!
Well, it's all over,
The lord of the strong
Hand everywhere: Vlasyevna's son
Returned, surrendered Mitriya,
Yes, they say, and Mitria
It's not hard to serve
The prince himself takes care of him.
And for the offense from Girin
We put a fine:
Penalty money for the recruit,
A small part of Vlasyevna,
Part of the world for wine ...
However, after that
Yermil did not manage soon,
For a year like a crazy walk.
No matter how the patrimony asked,
I quit my job
I rented that mill
And he became even worse than before
All people love:
I took for the grinding according to my conscience,
Did not detain the people,
Clerk, manager,
Wealthy landlords
And the men are the poorest -
All queues obeyed
The order was strict!
I myself am already in that province
Haven't been in a long time
And I heard about Yermila,
The people will not praise them,
You go to him. "
"In vain do you pass, -
Said already once arguing
Gray-haired pop. -
I knew Yermil Girin.
I got to that province
Five years ago
(I've traveled a lot in my life,
Our Right Reverend
Translate priests
He loved) ... With Ermila Girin
We were neighbors.
Yes! was the only man!
He had everything he needed
For happiness: and calmness,
And money and honor,
Enviable honor, true,
Not bought by any money
Nor by fear: by strict truth,
With intelligence and kindness!
Yes, only, I repeat to you,
In vain you pass,
He sits in prison ... "
"How so?"
- “And the will of God!
Has any of you heard
How the fiefdom rebelled
Landowner Obrubkov,
Frightened province
Uyezd Nedykhaniev,
Village Tetanus? ..
How to write about fires
In the newspapers (I read them):
"Remained unknown
Reason "- and here:
Until now, unknown
Not a zemstvo police chief,
Not to the highest government
Not to tetanus themselves,
Where did the opportunity come from?
But it turned out to be rubbish.
It took an army
The sovereign himself sent
I spoke to the people,
Then he will try to swear
And shoulders with epaulets
Will rise high
Then he will try it with affection
And the chest with the royal crosses
In all four directions
Will start to turn.
Yes, swearing was superfluous here,
And the weasel is incomprehensible:
“The Orthodox peasantry!
Mother Russia! tsar-father! "
And nothing more!
Beaten so enough
They wanted the soldiers
Command: Fell!
Yes to the volost clerk
A happy thought came here,
It is about Yermila Girin
He said to the chief:
“The people will believe Girin
The people will listen to him ... "
- "Call him live!"
. . . . . . . . . .
* * *
Suddenly a cry: “Ay, ay! have mercy! " -
Resounding unexpectedly
Broke the priest's speech
Everyone rushed to look:
At the road roller
A drunken footman whipped -
Got caught stealing!
Where he is caught, here is his judgment:
There were about three dozen judges,
We decided to give on a vine,
And everyone gave a vine!
The footman jumped up and, spanking
Thin boots
Without a word, he gave cravings.
“See, I ran like a disheveled one! -
Our pilgrims joked,
Recognizing it as a baluster,
That he was bragging about some
A particular disease
From foreign wines. -
Where did the agility come from!
That noble disease
Suddenly it took off, as if by hand! "
"Hey Hey! where are you, father!
Tell the story
How the fiefdom rebelled
Landowner Obrubkov,
Village Tetanus? "
“It's time to go home, dear ones.
God willing, we will meet again,
Then I'll finish it! "
* * *
In the morning I drove away,
The crowd was amazed.
The peasants decided to sleep,
Suddenly a three with a bell
Out of nowhere,
Flies! and it sways
Some kind of round gentleman,
Mustached, pot-bellied,
With a cigar in my mouth.
The peasants rushed at once
To the road, they took off their caps,
They bowed low,
Lined up in a row
And a three with a bell
Barred the way ...
CHAPTER 5
Landlord
Neighboring landlord
Gavril Afanasyich
Obolta-Oboldueva
That C was lucky.
The landowner was rosy,
Dignified, stocky,
Sixty years old;
Mustache gray, long,
Well done,
Hungarian with Brandenburs,
Wide pants.
Gavrilo Afanasevich,
He must have been freaked out
Seeing in front of the troika
Seven tall men.
He pulled out a pistol,
Like myself, just as plump,
And a six-barreled barrel
I brought the pilgrims:
"Don `t move! If you move,
Rogues! robbers!
I'll put it on the spot! .. "
The peasants laughed:
“What kind of robbers we are,
Look - we don't have a knife,
No axes, no pitchfork! "
- “Who are you? what do you want? "
“We have a concern,
Is such a care
Which survived from the houses,
Made us friends with work,
She beat me off from food.
Give us a strong word
To our peasant speech
Without laughter and without cunning,
In truth and reason,
How should I answer
Then your caretaker
We'll tell you ... "
"Excuse me: the word is honest,
I give a noble one! "
- "No, you are not noble to us,
Give a Christian word!
Noble with a curse,
With a push and a jaw,
That is unsuitable for us! "
“Hey! what news!
Anyway, be it your way!
Well, what is your speech? .. "
- “Hide the pistol! listen!
Like this! we are not robbers
We are humble men
Of those temporarily liable,
Tightened province,
Terpigorev County,
Empty parish,
From different villages:
Zaplatova, Dyryavina,
Razutova, Znobishina,
Gorelova, Neyolova -
Bad harvest, too.
Walking the way, the way
We agreed by chance
We agreed - and argued:
Who lives happily
Is it at ease in Russia?
The novel said: to the landowner,
Demyan said: to the official,
Luke said: the priest.
To the fat-bellied merchant, -
The brothers Gubins said,
Ivan and Mitrodor.
Pakhom said: to the most luminous,
To the noble boyar,
To the Minister of the Tsar,
And Prov said: to the king ...
A man that is a bull: will be blown
What a whim in the head -
Colom her from there
Can't knock it out! No matter how they argued,
We disagreed!
Having argued - quarreled,
Having quarreled - fought,
Having fought - have thought
Do not go apart
Do not toss and turn in the houses,
Not see any wives,
Not with little guys
Not with the old people,
As long as we dispute
We won't find a solution
Until we bring
As it may be for certain:
To whom it is pleasant to live,
Is it at ease in Russia?
Tell us godly
Is the life of a landowner sweet?
How are you - at ease, happily,
Landowners, do you live? "
Gavrilo Afanasevich
I jumped out of the tarantass,
I approached the peasants:
As a healer, a hand to everyone
I felt, looked into their faces,
Grabbed the sides
And he rolled with laughter ...
“Ha ha! ha ha! ha ha! ha ha! "
Healthy laughter of the landowner
In the morning air
Began to roll ...
Having laughed his fill,
The landowner is not without bitterness
Said, "Put on your hats,
Sit down, gentlemen! "
“We, gentlemen, are not important,
Before your grace
And let's stand ... "
- "No! No!
Please sit down, citizens! "
The peasants became stubborn,
However, there is nothing to do
We sat down on the shaft.
“And will you let me sit down?
Hey, Proshka! a glass of sherry,
Pillow and carpet! "
Sitting on the rug
And after drinking a glass of sherry,
The landowner began like this:
“I gave you my honest word
Keep the answer honestly,
And it is not easy!
Although you are respectable people,
However, not scientists
How to talk to you?
First you need to understand
What does the word mean:
Landowner, nobleman.
Tell me you dear ones
About the family tree
Have you heard anything? "
- “The forests have not been ordered to us -
We've seen all kinds of trees! " -
The men said.
“You hit the sky with your finger! ..
I'll tell you more intelligibly:
I am a renowned family
My ancestor Behold
Commemorated for the first time
In old Russian letters
Two centuries and a half
Back to that. Reads
That letter: "Tartar
Obolt-Obolduev
Given a good cloth,
At a cost of two rubles:
By wolves and foxes
He amused the empress,
On the day of the royal name-day
Descended a wild bear
With his own, and Oboldueva
That bear tore off ... "
Well, do you understand, dear ones? "
- “How not to understand! With bears
A lot of them stagger,
Scoundrels, and now. "
“You are all yours, dear ones!
Be silent! you better listen
What am I talking about.
That bewilder, amused
Beasts to the empress,
Was the root of our kind,
And it was, as it was said,
For too two hundred years.
My maternal great-great-grandfather
Was even that ancient:
"Prince Shchepin with Vaska Gusev
(Reads another letter)
Tried to set Moscow on fire
They thought to rob the treasury,
Yes they were executed by death ",
And it was that, dear ones,
At least three hundred years old.
So this is otkudova
That tree is noble
Coming, my friends! "
"And you are, approximately, a bull's-eye
Do you come out of that tree? " -
The men said.
“Well, the bull's-eye is so bull-eye!
Agree! Fortunately, we understood
You are the case at last.
Now - you yourself know -
Than a noble tree
Ancient, so eminent,
An honorable nobleman.
Isn't that so, benefactors? "
"So! - answered the pilgrims. -
The bone is white, the bone is black,
And look, so different, -
They are different and honored! "
“Well, I see, I see: they understand!
So, friends - and we lived,
Like Christ in the bosom,
And we knew the honor.
Not only Russian people,
The nature itself is Russian
Conquered us.
You used to be in a circle
Alone like the sun in the sky
Your villages are humble
Your forests are dense
Your fields are all around!
Will you go to the village -
The peasants fall at their feet,
You will go to forest dachas -
Centenary trees
Forests bow!
Will you go arable land, cornfield -
The whole cornfield is a ripe ear
Creeps to the feet of the master,
Caress your ears and eyes!
There is a fish splashing in the river:
"Fat-fat before the time!"
There a hare sneaks up on a meadow:
"Walk, walk until autumn!"
Everything amused the master,
Lovely weed each
She whispered: "I am yours!"
Russian beauty and pride,
The churches of God turned white
On the hills, on the hills,
And argued with them in glory
Noble houses.
Houses with greenhouses
With Chinese gazebos
And with English parks;
I played a flag on each
He played and beckoned to me,
Russian hospitality
And he promised affection.
The Frenchman will not dream
In a dream, what are the holidays,
Not a day, not two - for a month
We asked here.
Their turkeys are fat
Its liqueurs are juicy,
Its actors, music,
Servants - a whole regiment!
Five cooks and a baker,
Two blacksmiths, an upholsterer,
Seventeen musicians
And twenty-two hunters
I was holding ... my God! .. "
The landowner got screwed up,
Fell face down on the pillow
Then he got up, corrected himself:
"Hey, Proshka!" - shouted.
A lackey, according to the lord's word,
He brought a jug of vodka.
Gavrilo Afanasevich,
After eating, he continued:
“It used to be in the late autumn
Your forests, Mother Russia,
Animated the loud
Hunting horns.
Dull, faded
The woods are half-naked
They began to live again
We stood at the edges
Robber Borzers
The landowner himself stood
And there, in the forest, the survivors
Roaring, daredevils,
Hounds cooked with var.
Chu! calls the horn! ..
Chu! the flock howls! huddled together!
No way, by the beast red
Have you driven? .. ulyu-li!
Black fox,
Fluffy, mother
Flies, sweeps its tail!
Sit down, lurk
Trembling all over, zealous,
Shrewd Dogs:
Perhaps a welcome guest!
It's time! Oh well! don't give it out, horse!
Don't give it out, little dogs!
Hey! hoo-hoo! dear ones!
Hey! - hoo-lyu! .. hoo! .. "
Gavrilo Afanasevich,
Jumping off the Persian carpet,
Waving his hand, jumping up,
Shouted! He dreamed
What does he poison the fox ...
The peasants listened in silence,
They looked, admired,
They laughed in a mustache ...
“Oh you, hunting canine!
All the landowners will forget
But you, primordially Russian
Fun! you will not forget
Never forever!
We are not grieving about ourselves,
We are sorry that you, Mother Russia,
Eagerly lost
Its knightly, warlike,
A majestic view!
It used to be us in the fall
Up to fifty will be eaten
To the outgoing fields;
Every landowner
One hundred hounds in the slouch,
Each has a dozen
Borzovschikov on horseback,
At everyone with cooks,
Convoy with provisions.
As with songs and with music
We will move forward.
What is the cavalry
The division is yours!
Time flew by as a falcon
The landlord's chest was breathing
Free and easy.
During the boyar times,
In the orders of old Russian
The spirit was transferred!
No contradiction
Whom I want - have mercy,
Whoever I want - execution.
The law is my desire!
The fist is my police!
Sparkling blow,
The blow is furious,
Blow zykulovorrrot! .. "
Suddenly, as the string broke,
The landlord's speech stopped short.
Downcast, frowned,
"Hey, Proshka!" - shouted.
Said, "You yourself know
It is impossible without severity?
But I punished - in love.
The great chain has broken -
Now we do not beat the peasant,
But already fatherly
We do not have mercy on him.
Yes, I was strict in time,
However, more caress
I attracted hearts.
I'm on Sunday Light
With all my fiefdom
Christ himself!
It used to be covered
There is a huge table in the living room,
The eggs are red on it,
And Easter and Easter cake!
My wife, grandmother,
Sons, even young ladies
Do not disdain, kiss
With the last man.
"Christ is risen!" - "Truly!"
The peasants break their fast
They drink mash and wine ...
Before every worshiped
The twelveth holiday
In my front rooms
Pop served all-night vigil.
And to that home all-night vigil
The peasants were allowed
Pray - even break your forehead!
The sense of smell suffered
Knocked down after from the fiefdom
Bab to clean the floors!
Yes, spiritual purity
Thus, I saved
Spiritual relationship!
Isn't that so, benefactors? "
"So!" - answered the pilgrims,
And they thought to themselves:
"Colom knocked them down or something, you
Pray to the manor house? .. "
“But, I will say without boasting,
The man loved me!
In my Surminsk patrimony
The peasants are all contractors
They used to be bored at home,
All to the wrong side
They will take time off from spring ...
You wait - you can't wait for autumn,
Wife, little kids
And they are wondering, quarreling:
"What kind of present are they
The peasants will bring! "
And exactly: over the corvee,
Canvas, eggs and living creatures -
All that's on the landlord
Gathered from time immemorial, -
Voluntary hotels
The peasants carried us!
From Kiev - with jam,
From Astrakhan - with fish,
And the one who is more sufficient
And with silk fabric:
Lo and behold, I kissed the lady's hand
And he delivers the bundle!
Toys for children, treats,
And to me, a gray haired hawk,
From Peter's wine!
They found out a lot, robbers,
Probably not to Krivonogov,
Will run to the Frenchman.
Here you will roam with them,
You will talk like a brother
Wife with her own hand
Pour a glass for them.
And the kids are small right there
Suck on the gingerbread
Yes, listen to the idle
The stories of men -
About their difficult crafts,
The sides are alien
About Petersburg, about Astrakhan,
About Kiev, about Kazan ...
So that's how, benefactors,
I lived with my fiefdom,
Isn't it okay? .. "
- “Yes, it was for you landowners,
Life is much enviable
Do not die!"
“And everything is over! everything is over! ..
Chu! death knell! .. "
The wanderers listened,
And exactly: from Kuzminsky
In the morning air
Those sounds, aching chest,
They rushed: "Peace to the peasant
And the kingdom of heaven! " -
The wanderers spoke
And all were baptized ...
Gavrilo Afanasevich
He took off his cap - and devoutly
Crossed the identity:
“The call is not for the peasant!
According to the landlord's life
They call! .. Oh, wide life!
Sorry, goodbye forever!
Farewell to landlord Russia!
Now not that Russia!
Hey, Proshka! " (drank some vodka
And whistled) ...
“It's not fun
See how changed
Your face, unhappy
Native side!
Noble estate
As if everything was hiding
Has died out! Where
Do not go, come across
Some of the peasants are drunk
Excise officials,
Transit Poles
Yes, stupid middlemen
Yes, sometimes it will pass
Command. Guess:
Must have rebelled
An abundance of gratitude
The village is somewhere!
And before that rushed here
Strollers, three-wheel carriages,
Dormaz gears!
The landlord's family is rolling -
Here the mothers are respectable,
Here daughters are pretty
And frisky sons!
Singing bells
Cooing bells
You will listen to your heart's content.
And now what will you dissipate?
Outrageous picture
What a step - you're amazed:
The cemetery suddenly breathed,
Well, that means we're getting closer
To the estate ... My God!
Disassembled brick by brick
A beautiful landlord's house,
And folded neatly
The bricks are in the columns!
An extensive landowner garden,
Cherished for centuries
Under the ax of a peasant
All lay down, - the man admires,
How much firewood came out!
The soul of a peasant is callous,
Will he think
That the oak tree, now dumped by it,
My grandfather with his own hand
Once planted?
What's under that rowan tree
Our kids were frolicking
And Hanichka and Vera,
Did they backfire with me?
What is there, under this linden tree,
My wife confessed to me
That she is heavy
Gavryusha, our firstborn,
And hid it on my chest
Like a cherry reddened
Pretty face? ..
It would benefit him -
Radekhonek landlords
To harass homesteads!
I am ashamed to go to the countryside:
A man sits - he won't move,
Not noble pride -
You feel bile in your chest.
There is no hunting horn in the forest,
It sounds - a robber's ax,
Naughty! .. and what can you do?
Who will protect the forest? ..
The fields are incomplete,
Crops are undersowed,
There is no trace of order!
Oh mother! oh homeland!
We are not grieving about ourselves,
Sorry for you, dear.
You, like a sad widow,
You stand with a loose scythe,
With an uncleaned face! ..
The estates are being translated,
In return, they spread out
Drink houses! ..
The dissolute people are drinking,
They call for the services of the zemstvo,
They plant, teach to read, -
He needs her!
All over you, Mother Russia,
Essay text:
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov was one of the first Russian poets who was deeply concerned about the topic of peasant life. He created his works in difficult years for Russia. It was already clear to everyone that serfdom had outlived its usefulness and could no longer exist. But the reform of 1861 does not alleviate the plight of the peasants. As a man of revolutionary democratic views, Nekrasov perfectly understands the remaining enslaving dependence of the peasantry on the landowners.
In 1863, Nekrasov began work on one of his most significant works. This is a poem To whom it is good to live in Russia. The whole life of a peasant is traced in the poem. We see the birth of a child, and a wedding, and recruiting, and a funeral, and labor in the field. The poem reflects the spiritual world of the peasantry, its joys and sorrows, doubts and hopes. The question runs through the entire work: Who is happy on the Russian land?
There are many characters in the poem. But how different they are! The poor people, exhausted by hunger and want, who endure humiliation and lack of rights all their lives, are happy that they remained to live after all adversity, happy that they will die in their native land. Saveliy and Yermila Girin have completely different happiness. They are rebellious in spirit. They do not put up with adversity, trying to make life better in their own way. But their serfdom kills. Savely spent his whole life in hard labor, and his only joy in old age, Demushka, perishes. Yermilo Girin ends up in prison during a peasant revolt, and it is not difficult to imagine how his future fate will develop. But in the peasant world there is no unity: serfdom distorts not only the fate of human beings, but also individuals. We see happy slaves who are happy to be slaves to their masters. This is the lackey Ipat, who with joy and affection tells about the cruelty of his master towards him, this is also the lackey of Prince Peremetyev, a completely distorted personality in which absolutely no human dignity remains. But even among such slaves, protest is growing. An example of this is Jacob, who takes revenge on his master with his own death.
And the noble landowners are also unhappy in their own way. They feelҭ that their time is running out, I feelҭ that protest and discontent are arising among the peasantry. But they cannotҭ change themselves, I cannotҭ change their way of life.
There are no happy ones among the clergy either. Many priests understand that they are a burden for the peasants-STVR., Because even without them, the people are not easy to live. Just say so the pop, whom the men meet on their own path. He sympathizes with the peasants, but at the same time he is sorry that the landowners have died out.
Peasant women are also unhappy. The poet draws a beautiful image of the stately Slavic woman Matryona Timofeevna. Has she seen happiness in life? She was happy during her childhood, but from an early age she works, helps her parents. There was the happiness of motherhood, but life was cruel to her children. Whatever character of the poem you take, each has its own tragedy. Who is living well in Russia? The question remains unanswered.
Thus, it turns out that there are no truly happy people in the poem. They do not exist in life either. Serfdom broke destinies and personalities. It destroyed the human traits in many nobles, clergy and other people. What kind of happiness can we talk about if the peasantry is deprived of rights and life is full of hardships and misfortunes, and the serfs have inhuman souls.
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