Romanticism in the works of M. Gorky.

Analysis of the story "The Old Woman Izergil"

Goals

1. Development of students' thinking abilities.

2. Ability to compare the characteristics of the main characters to reveal the main idea of ​​the work.

3. Formation of students' moral qualities of personality, views and beliefs.

Tasksslide

Continue acquaintance with the early works of M. Gorky;

Analyze the legends. Compare the main characters of the legends Larra and Danko;

To trace how the writer's intention is revealed in the composition of the story;

Consider the hallmarks of romanticism in the studied work.

During the classes.

"If only for yourself, then why are you?" slide

I. Organizational moment

In 1895 "Samarskaya Gazeta" published M. Gorky's story "Old Woman Izergil". Gorky was noticed, appreciated, enthusiastic responses about the story appeared in the press.

II. Main part

1. The early stories of M. Gorky are romantic in nature.

Reception basket "- Let's remember what romanticism is. Give a definition of romanticism, name its distinctive features. »

Romanticism- a special type of creativity, the characteristic features of which are the display and reproduction of life outside the real-concrete connections of a person with the surrounding reality, the image of an exceptional personality, often lonely and dissatisfied with the present, striving for a distant ideal and therefore in sharp conflict with society, with people.

Slide

2 ... The whole work is shrouded in romanticism. Romantic heroes appear in a romantic landscape. Give examples to prove this (working with text). Conversation on questions:

What time of day does the story take place? Why? (The old woman Izergil tells legends at night. Night is the most mysterious, romantic time of the day);

What natural images could you highlight? (Sea, sky, wind, clouds, moon);

What artistic means did the author use in depicting nature? (Epithets, impersonation, metaphor);

Why is the landscape shown in the story this way? (Nature is shown animated, it lives by its own laws. Nature is beautiful, majestic. The sea, the sky are endless, wide spaces. All natural images are symbols of freedom. But nature is closely connected with man, it reflects his inner spiritual world. That is why nature symbolizes the boundless freedom of the hero, his inability and unwillingness to exchange this freedom for anything).

CONCLUSION: Only in such a landscape, seaside, night, mysterious, can the heroine realize herself, telling the legends about Larra and Danko.

3. Composition of the story "The Old Woman Izergil".

What is the compositional solution of the story?

Slide

In your opinion, for what purpose did the writer use such a technique in his story? (In her legends, the heroine of the story expresses her idea of ​​people, about what she considers valuable, important in her life. Thus, a coordinate system is created by which one can judge the heroine of the story).

How many parts in the composition could you highlight? (Three parts: part 1 - the legend of Larra; part 2 - the story of the life and love of Old Woman Izergil; part 3 - the legend of Danko).

4 ... Analysis of the legend of Larra. Slide

How does M. Gorky portray Larra? (Portrait, speech)

Is it important that Larra is the son of a woman and an eagle?

What are the people his mother brought him to? What moral laws do they live by?

What is the essence of the conflict between people and Larra?

The "exposition" of the legend is the phrase: "This is what God can do to a man for pride!"

Slide Prove that it is pride, not pride, that characterizes Larra.

What is the tragedy of Larra's immortality?

5. Analysis of the legend of Danko. Slide

Portrait characteristics, details and their functions.

What is the difference between "strong" Danko and "strong" Larra?

Izergil calls both Larra and Danko “proud”. Is the epithet used in the same sense or not?

a) The legend of Danko is based on the biblical story of Moses. Let's remember it and compare it with the legend of Danko. Individual student message. (Students listen to the biblical story and compare it with the legend of Danko.)

God commanded Moses to lead the Jewish people out of Egypt. Jews have lived in Egypt for hundreds of years, and it is very sad for them to part with their homes. The carts were drawn up, and the Jews set off.

Suddenly the Egyptian king regretted that he had released his slaves. It so happened that the Jews came to the sea when they saw the chariots of the Egyptian troops behind them. The Jews looked and were horrified: in front of the sea, and behind an armed army. But the merciful Lord saved the Jews from death. He told Moses to hit the sea with a stick. And suddenly the waters parted and became walls, and in the middle it became dry. The Jews rushed along the dry bottom, and Moses again hit the water with a stick, and it closed again behind the Israelites.

Then the Jews walked through the desert, and the Lord constantly took care of them. The Lord told Moses to hit the rock with a stick, and cold water gushed out of it. The Lord showed many favors to the Jews, but they were not grateful. For disobedience and ingratitude, God punished the Jews: for forty years they wandered in the wilderness, in no way could they come to the land promised by God. Finally, the Lord took pity on them and brought them closer to this earth. But at this time their leader Moses died.

b) What are the main features of Danko? What is the basis of his actions? (love for people, desire to help them)

CONCLUSION: We see that Larra is a romantic anti-ideal, so the conflict between the hero and the crowd is inevitable. Danko is a romantic ideal, but conflict is also at the heart of the relationship between the hero and the crowd. This is one of the features of a romantic piece.

Why do you think the story ends with the legend of Danko? (This is an expression of the author's position. He praises the hero's feat. He admires the strength, beauty, courage, courage of Danko. This is the triumph of kindness, love, light over chaos, pride, selfishness).

6. After analyzing the legend of Larra and Danko, students' independent work. The students compare Danko and Larra, and write down their conclusions in a notebook. Checking the table.

Table 1

As a result of the work of students with the table, the following may turn out:

7. But the story is called “The Old Woman Izergil”. Why do you think M. Gorky titled his story this way? (the main heroine of the story is still the old woman Izergil, and the legend is needed in order to understand her character, to understand what is important for her, the main thing). Slide

Legends frame the story of the life and love of the old woman Izergil. Slide

Students mark their own check. Justify your choice. (The old woman Izergil considers herself to be Danko, since she believes that the meaning of her life was love)

Why do you think Gorky refers the old woman Izergil to Larra? (her love is inherently selfish. Having stopped loving a person, she immediately forgot about him)

Slide

III. Conclusion on the lesson. Summing up the lesson.

Slide Returning to the tasks of the lesson

Homework Slide

IV. Homework:

Reading a play

Consider the history of the creation of the play by AM Gorky "At the Bottom"; genre of the work, conflict.

"If only for yourself, then why are you?"

M. Gorky

Romanticism

It arose at the beginning of the 9th century and was gradually superseded by realism.

Romanticism - a special type of creativity, the characteristic features of which are the display and reproduction of life outside the real-concrete connections of a person with the surrounding reality, the image of an exceptional personality, often lonely and dissatisfied with the present, striving for a distant ideal and therefore in sharp conflict with society, with people.

Story composition

"Old Isergil"

The first part - the legend of Larra

The second part - Life of Izergil

The third part - The Legend of Danko

The Legend of Larra

• How does M. Gorky portray Larra? (Portrait, speech)

• Is it important that Larra is the son of a woman and an eagle?

• What are the people his mother brought him to? What moral laws do they live by?

• What is the essence of the conflict between people and Larra?

• The "exposition" of the legend is the phrase: "This is what God can do to a man for pride!" Please comment from the point of view of the meaning of the legend, from the point of view of Gorky's Nietzscheism.

• What is the tragedy of Larra's immortality?

Prove that it is pride, not pride, that characterizes Larra.

Pride -

• Self-esteem, self-respect.

• High opinion, excessive high opinion of oneself.

Pride- excessive pride.

The Legend of Danko

• Portrait characteristics, details and their functions.

• What is the difference between "strong" Danko and "strong" Larra?

• Izergil calls both Larra and Danko “proud”. Is the epithet used in the same sense or not?

The life of Izergil

Goals

1. Development of students' thinking abilities.

2. Ability to compare the characteristics of the main characters to reveal the main idea of ​​the work.

3. Formation of students' moral qualities of personality, views and beliefs.

Tasksslide

1. Continue acquaintance with the early works of M. Gorky;

2. Analyze the legends. Compare the main characters of the legends Larra and Danko;

3. To trace how the author's intention is revealed in the composition of the story;

4. Consider the hallmarks of romanticism in the studied work.

During the classes.

"If only for yourself, then why are you?" slide

I. Organizational moment

In 1895 "Samarskaya Gazeta" published M. Gorky's story "Old Woman Izergil". Gorky was noticed, appreciated, enthusiastic responses about the story appeared in the press.

II. Main part

1. The early stories of M. Gorky are romantic in nature.

Reception basket "- Let's remember what romanticism is. Give a definition of romanticism, name its distinctive features. »

Romanticism- a special type of creativity, the characteristic features of which are the display and reproduction of life outside the real-concrete connections of a person with the surrounding reality, the image of an exceptional personality, often lonely and dissatisfied with the present, striving for a distant ideal and therefore in sharp conflict with society, with people.

Slide

2 ... The whole work is shrouded in romanticism. Romantic heroes appear in a romantic landscape. Give examples to prove this (working with text). Conversation on questions:

What time of day does the story take place? Why? (The old woman Izergil tells legends at night. Night is the most mysterious, romantic time of the day);

What natural images could you highlight? (Sea, sky, wind, clouds, moon);

What artistic means did the author use in depicting nature? (Epithets, impersonation, metaphor);

Why is the landscape shown in the story this way? (Nature is shown animated, it lives by its own laws. Nature is beautiful, majestic. The sea, the sky are endless, wide spaces. All natural images are symbols of freedom. But nature is closely connected with man, it reflects his inner spiritual world. That is why nature symbolizes the boundless freedom of the hero, his inability and unwillingness to exchange this freedom for anything).

CONCLUSION: Only in such a landscape, seaside, night, mysterious, can the heroine realize herself, telling the legends about Larra and Danko.

3. Composition of the story "The Old Woman Izergil".

What is the compositional solution of the story?

Slide

In your opinion, for what purpose did the writer use such a technique in his story? (In her legends, the heroine of the story expresses her idea of ​​people, about what she considers valuable, important in her life. Thus, a system of coordinates is created by which one can judge the heroine of the story).

How many parts in the composition could you highlight? (Three parts: part 1 - the legend of Larra; part 2 - the story of the life and love of Old Woman Izergil; part 3 - the legend of Danko).

4 ... Analysis of the legend of Larra. Slide

How does M. Gorky portray Larra? (Portrait, speech)

Is it important that Larra is the son of a woman and an eagle?

What are the people his mother brought him to? What moral laws do they live by?

What is the essence of the conflict between people and Larra?

The "exposition" of the legend is the phrase: "This is what God can do to a man for pride!"

Slide Prove that it is pride, not pride, that characterizes Larra.

5. Analysis of the legend of Danko. Slide

Portrait characteristics, details and their functions.

What is the difference between "strong" Danko and "strong" Larra?

Izergil calls both Larra and Danko “proud”. Is the epithet used in the same sense or not?

a) The legend of Danko is based on the biblical story of Moses. Let's remember it and compare it with the legend of Danko. Individual student message. (Students listen to the biblical story and compare it with the legend of Danko.)

God commanded Moses to lead the Jewish people out of Egypt. Jews have lived in Egypt for hundreds of years, and it is very sad for them to part with their homes. The carts were drawn up, and the Jews set off.

Suddenly the Egyptian king regretted that he had released his slaves. It so happened that the Jews came to the sea when they saw the chariots of the Egyptian troops behind them. The Jews looked and were horrified: in front of the sea, and behind an armed army. But the merciful Lord saved the Jews from death. He told Moses to hit the sea with a stick. And suddenly the waters parted and became walls, and in the middle it became dry. The Jews rushed along the dry bottom, and Moses again hit the water with a stick, and it closed again behind the Israelites.

Then the Jews walked through the desert, and the Lord constantly took care of them. The Lord told Moses to hit the rock with a stick, and cold water gushed out of it. The Lord showed many favors to the Jews, but they were not grateful. For disobedience and ingratitude, God punished the Jews: for forty years they wandered in the wilderness, in no way could they come to the land promised by God. Finally, the Lord took pity on them and brought them closer to this earth. But at this time their leader Moses died.

b) What are the main features of Danko? What is the basis of his actions? (love for people, desire to help them)

CONCLUSION: We see that Larra is a romantic anti-ideal, so the conflict between the hero and the crowd is inevitable. Danko is a romantic ideal, but conflict is also at the heart of the relationship between the hero and the crowd. This is one of the features of a romantic piece.

Why do you think the story ends with the legend of Danko? (This is an expression of the author's position. He praises the hero's feat. He admires the strength, beauty, courage, courage of Danko. This is the triumph of kindness, love, light over chaos, pride, selfishness).

6. After analyzing the legend of Larra and Danko, students' independent work. The students compare Danko and Larra, and write down their conclusions in a notebook. Checking the table.

Table 1

As a result of the work of students with the table, the following may turn out:

7. But the story is called “The Old Woman Izergil”. Why do you think M. Gorky titled his story this way? (the main heroine of the story is still the old woman Izergil, and the legend is needed in order to understand her character, to understand what is important for her, the main thing). Slide

Legends frame the story of the life and love of the old woman Izergil. Slide

Students mark their own check. Justify your choice. (The old woman Izergil considers herself to be Danko, since she believes that the meaning of her life was love)

Why do you think Gorky refers the old woman Izergil to Larra? (her love is inherently selfish. Having stopped loving a person, she immediately forgot about him)

Slide

III. Conclusion on the lesson. Summing up the lesson.

Slide Returning to the tasks of the lesson

Homework Slide

IV. Homework:

Reading the play Consider the history of the creation of AM Gorky's play "At the Bottom"; genre of the work, conflict.

If you are only for yourself, then why are you?

Interview with Eduard Georgievsky

Graduated from the Moscow Medical Institute. From 1966 to 1970 he worked as a doctor on the island of Sakhalin, and then thirty-five years in the Tula regional hospital. Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation. Author of several poetry and prose collections.

Published in the almanacs "Tula", "The Day of Tula Poetry", in the collection "Ivan Lake", in the interregional literary, art and journalistic magazine "Priokskie Zori". Founder, compiler and editor-in-chief of the literary almanac "On the Wings of Pegasus". Awarded with the medal “100 years since the birth of Musa Jalil”. Member of the Writers 'Union of Russia and the International Community of Writers' Unions

— Eduard Pavlovich, first of all, let me congratulate you on your anniversary and wish you good health, family well-being and creative success. You have a great life behind you. What is most memorable in her?

- Thank you for your congratulations, for the memory of me, because a lot of time has passed since that first interview. It seems to me that my memory keeps a lot of interesting things, and you cannot say everything in a short interview. But most of all I remember the beginning of my career as a doctor in the city of Uglegorsk, Sakhalin Region, where I was sent after graduating from the 1st Moscow Medical Institute in 1966. It would be correct to say not "directed", but arrived of his own free will, since the nature of Sakhalin Island has long attracted me as a tourist. I got the direction. I remember my first watch at the hospital, my first patient who was saved. By the way, this "Sakhalin" period is described in my autobiographical story "One's Path", which came out with an additional edition of 200 copies. in 2012. The events that cannot be forgotten remain in my memory - this is the awarding of the title "Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation" and the presentation of a ticket of a member of the Writers' Union of Russia. And, of course, my first book of poetry "I like unprecedented space."

— You have served medicine and literature all your life. Did the question arise when the question: To be or not to be? That is, to serve or not to serve? And are you satisfied with what you have done both in medicine and in literature?

- It's just that it's easy to teach a person to work for money - in institutes you can train enough competent specialists, be it a teacher, engineer or doctor. That is why there are higher educational institutions in society, in the state. But it seems to me that those who find themselves in some business become the best, i.e. went to study at the behest of the soul and heart, in a word, by vocation. True, there are many cases when a person graduated from one institute or even two, becomes in life a completely different specialist in the literal sense of the word. I explain this by the fact that human nature takes its toll, and I call this happiness when a person proudly says that this business is “mine”. And I answered the second part of the question above.

— In our last interview with you, you said, and I quote: - It is my deep conviction that the time is not far off when people will suffer from accumulated wealth. It won't be fashionable to be rich. And then the spiritual development of the individual will again come to the fore. Now spirituality has been pushed aside. Temporarily, I think. She will triumph again. Then new domestic giants of thought and word will appear. Five years have passed, has your opinion on this issue changed?

- On the contrary, it has strengthened even more. Look at what time we live. And in what kind of society. In a consumer society. This means that food and clothing come first, and spiritual development is not necessary. Where soulless people come from, it becomes clear. Even when Maxim Gorky said: "If you are not for yourself, then who is for you? ..." By this, he emphasized that a person should be independent. But then he continued: "But if you are only for yourself, then why are you?" And with this he emphasized the social significance of a person who, of course, should not be selfish, but should contain empathy, compassion, sympathy, etc. personality is when a person is spiritualized. Hence the words - assessments: a sincere person, a kind person, a soul-person.

— You have been the deputy head of the Pegasus literary association for several years. In 2016, by the way, in the Year of Literature, Tula writers lost their building - the House of Art on Kaminsky, in which you have been conducting classes with Pegasus people for several years. How are things today, are the classes being held?

- More than 3 months. back from the writers 'organization a letter was sent to the Minister of Culture of the Tula Region with a request to offer premises for the further existence of the regional literary association "Pegasus" at the writers' organization. So far, no response has been received. I think that it was no coincidence that the Ministry of Culture and Education was renamed into the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. The fact is that this ministry spends all its efforts on the development of tourism. It’s necessary, but why forget culture. By the way, the word "culture" originally meant "education", but then it was transformed into "education." So why forget about it. Is the ministry's job only to travel to the districts of the region and present certificates of honor and letters of thanks? The gradual erosion of spirituality and culture is a direct path to the degeneration of the nation and state. The fact that the writers' organization and the regional literary association "Pegasus" lost the House of Creativity, and even in the Year of Literature, suggests that the ministry does not give a damn about everything. There is no other way to say.

— The next issue of the Pegasus almanac has recently been released. You are its permanent leader and compiler. But this work takes up a lot of time, during which you, perhaps, would write a new story or wonderful poems. Do you feel sorry for your time?

- It's a pity, of course. I still will not start the second book of the story "My Path". The first book was, in other words, about medicine, and the second, according to my plan, was about literature. Fate decreed that I existed in one hypostasis (doctor), and now I exist in another - as a writer. However, our almanac "On the Wings of" Pegasus "and" Pegasus "as an appendix to it is also an interesting work for me as editor-in-chief. After all, the manuscripts of 35-40 authors of each issue pass through me. I read their texts, sometimes I edit them with the consent of the author. This job gives me a lot. The approach is differentiated - someone needs help, someone needs to be criticized. As a rule, we find a consensus. After all, the main task of these publications is to popularize the creativity of members of the regional literary association "Pegas" at the Tula writers' organization.

— In our today's commercial time, everyone can publish books at their own expense, and then demand admission to the Writers' Union. Don't you think that today in literature there is a triumph of those who want to be a writer, and not those who can?

- Nowadays, you can print at your own expense as much and anything. Still, I deeply believe that truth always triumphs over falsehood. True, this sometimes takes a lot of time, but how else. Man lives by truth, by faith. As the Russian proverb says, "You can't hide an awl in a sack." Sooner or later (that's what the time factor means!) It becomes known who is who. The so-called "successful" writers, whose books are published in a circulation of 40-50 thousand copies, all this is foam that will be carried away by the wind or it will sink into oblivion. Still, classics are classics, and all these "fantasy" are nothing more than amusing reading matter, but not literature. The task of true literature is to educate (and subsequently nourish) in a person the feelings of goodness and justice, to fill the soul with bright thoughts, optimism, and faith in a bright future. People come to the Writers' Union voluntarily, at the call of their souls and hearts, who consider this to be their whole life's work, unconditionally creative people, in whom the spark of God has been kindled. So they are the driving force, and the "temporary workers" either become graphomaniacs, or "write off".

— Now in the literary media, the question of changing the head of the Writers' Union of Russia is often raised. Many Tula writers say that today the same need has ripened in Tula. Who today, in your opinion, should lead the writing community - a genius of the word, a person with a literary name, or a person, shall we say, in literature, a little talented, but behind-the-scenes inspirer and organizer of the literary process?

- Of course, staff rotation is a natural process. Don't just break over the knee. As for our writers' organization, I will frankly say that if it were not for Viktor Fedorovich Pakhomov, a well-known writer in Russia, our organization would have disbanded itself long ago in the period from the dashing nineties to the present day. Despite the difficulties, V.F.Pakhomov managed not only to preserve the writers' organization, but also to increase its efficiency. For more than 20 years, many new books have been written by poets and prose writers, meetings of writers with students, military personnel have been held, there have been trips to the regions of the region to meet with readers, etc., etc. And all this at a critical time for the country and on a voluntary basis. I remember well that in order to encourage me for my active work in a writers' organization, I had to buy the Certificate of Merit myself, the telephone was paid from my own funds - such was the lack of money for the organization. And the necessary attention from the regional administration has not been, and is not so far. In this regard, I would like to repeat that even in the Year of Literature, writers lost their House of Creativity. The question is: "For what?" In my opinion, in our country there is a creeping process of washing out spirituality, the activity of the so-called "soft power" is spreading. Our civil society is not yet ripe. If we add to this the time in which we live, it turns out that nowadays successful people are in “fashion”. There are really successful people, but they love their homeland, and she is proud of them. And there are people who want to "steer". As a rule, they are all administrators with a ticket of a member of the Writers' Union in their pocket. At the time of Tolstoy, Turgenev and others, there were no unions of writers. But there were geniuses from mother - nature. And they became classics, role models. And now everyone wants to lead, to become officials. It is the bureaucrats who do not allow to breathe freely in Russia. The leader of a writers' organization should be someone with a literary name and extensive experience with writers. His task is to pass on the accumulated experience to young writers, to prepare a worthy replacement for himself. He must identify a candidate for the leader and propose him to the writing organization, but in no case imposing from above. Everything is decided by the assembly - the supreme governing body. This is real rotation, this is how continuity is maintained, this is how the writers' organization is preserved.

— In one of your interviews you said: - What time, such songs. Today, some scold our time, while others praise it. Who are you with - the first or the second?

- I think that our time is a kind of transition period. Fifty-fifty: a lot of positive and no less negative. There is an attack on classic solid conservatism on all fronts of literature and art. I want something new, and what - no one definitely knows. Some options are tried, which, it turns out, are not suitable, then new ones are put forward, etc. This is a period of experimentation that pushes healthy conservatism further and further away from humans. Where this transition period will lead, no one can say. In my opinion, we will return to the classics again, it's a pity for the wasted time. At the forefront of the writer's activity has always been a man with his strengths and weaknesses. The strong are praised, the weak are supported. This has always been the case in Russia. But if a person is still offended by the authorities, especially in the localities, then the writer takes the side of the offended, but this cannot be called confrontation. In a democratic society, fair, healthy criticism should be welcomed, supported, otherwise how to be in the midst of the people, for which then the Popular Front.

— What are you working on now?

- In my plans this year to publish an album of songs with scores for my poems called "From Heart to Heart - 2", to release another disc of songs on my poems and, finally, to write several chapters of the second book of the story "My Path".

— What would you, Eduard Pavlovich, wish the younger generation?

— We have a way for young people everywhere. You just need to choose the right road, your path. Let everyone go his own way, not forgetting the words of A. M. Gorky, I repeat: “If you are not for yourself, then who is for you? But if you are only for yourself, then why are you? "

Gennady Markin,

member of the Writers' Union of Russia,

Shchekino

teacher of Russian language and literature

MAOU "Secondary School No. 17"

Gubkin

Legends about Larra and Danko (from the story of M. Gorky "Old woman Izergil"). Problems of the story and the author's position.

Goals :

Revealing the artistic idea of ​​legends about Danko and Larra, mythological sources of legends, peculiarities of poetics. Development of skills for independent research work with text, textbooks, tables and terms.

The ability to compare the characteristics of the main characters to reveal the main idea of ​​the work.

Formation of students' moral qualities of personality, humanistic views and beliefs.

Tasks:

Continue acquaintance with the work of M. Gorky;

Analyze the legends. Compare the main characters of the legends Larra and Danko;

To trace how the writer's intention is revealed in the composition of the story;

Consider the distinctive features of neo-romanticism using the example of the work under study.

Equipment :

Epigraphs for the lesson:

(Ancient wisdom)

During the classes

Introductory part of the lesson. Creation of motivation, emotional attitude to the analysis of legends.

Lesson topic: "Legends about Larra and Danko (from the story of M. Gorky "Old woman Izergil"). Problems of the story and the author's position. "

You have already met the work of M. Gorky at home. Today we will try to understand its features. Let's outline the objectives of the lesson together.

Teacher. One of the most important questions in the work of M. Gorky is the question: "What is a man?" In his first stories, the writer looks closely at the person, seeks to understand him and takes the names of the hero-storytellers as titles for some works.

At the early stage of Gorky's work, he is interested not so much in character, personality, as a manifestation of the individual in a person, as in a certain universal concept of human nature, which the writer seeks to cognize. Thus, Gorky creates his first works as if under the sign of collecting truly human. In an effort to create life guidelines, Gorky in many early stories actively uses mythological, including biblical, images, motives, concepts.

AM Gorky's story "The Old Woman Izergil" was published in 1895 in the "Samara newspaper". From that moment on, Gorky declared himself as an exponent and bearer of romantic aesthetics, and the story became a masterpiece of the writer's early work.The problem of our lesson will be the question: “What is a man according to Gorky? "

As an epigraph to our lesson, in my opinion, the following words are suitable: "If only for yourself, then why are you?"

Let's remember what romanticism is. Give a definition of romanticism, name its distinctive features.

Note:

Romanticism – artistic methodat the beginningXIXcentury in Germany. Romanticism has a special interest

to the personality, its relation to the surrounding reality, as well as opposition to the real world - the ideal, "dual world".

What are the hallmarks of romanticism in the story.

II. Analytical conversation. Collective search for a solution to the problem.

1. What is the composition of the story? (The story of Izergil consists of 3 parts: "The Legend of Larra", "The Story of the Life of Izergil", "The Legend of Danko." All three parts are united by a common idea, the author's desire to reveal the value of human life).

2. What technique is the basis of the construction of the story? (Reception of the antithesis: the legends of Larra and Danko reveal two concepts of life, two ideas about it. The story is based on the opposition of two characters - Danko and Larra).

3. Are they extraordinary personalities? (Danko and Larra are exceptional personalities. Danko is the embodiment of the ideal type, "Prometheus", declared by the author as "the best of all", and in the description of Larra there are epithets that are more suitable for describing the animal: "dexterous", "predatory", "cruel "," Selfish ".)

4 ... Analysis of the legend of Larra

Who is the protagonist of the first legend?

Is the story of a young man's birth important to understanding his character?

How does the hero relate to other people? (contemptuous, arrogant. He considers himself the first on earth)

A romantic work is characterized by a conflict between the crowd and the hero. What lies at the heart of the conflict between Larra and humans? (his pride, selfishness, selfishness)

How is pride different from pride?

Note:

Pride – self-esteem, self-esteem.

Pride – n Excessive pride, excessive self-esteem.

Prove that it is pride, not pride, that characterizes Larra.

What does the hero's selfishness lead to? (to the crime)

Group work. Staging of the episode "The trial of Larra" and its analysis.

Guys, now we will watch the scene of Larra's trial, which was prepared by the 1st creative group. This was their homework.

What punishment did Larra take for his pride? (loneliness and eternal existence, immortality).

Is this a fair punishment or does he deserve something else?

Now let's turn to the text and find the keywords that show Larra's state of mind after the punishment. The textual experts who prepared this task at home will help us with this.(... They stopped and laughed at him. And he trembled, hearing this laughter, and kept looking for something on his chest, grabbing at it with his hands ... And again he fell to the ground and beat his head against it for a long time. But the ground moved away from him, deepening from the blows of his head ... There was so much melancholy in his eyes that he could have poisoned all the people of the world with it ...)

This is such a life for a hero. Is this punishment or freedom? (Yes, this is a terrible punishment. Larra is doomed to immortality and the impossibility of deciding whether to live or die for himself. People have deprived Lara of what, in his opinion, it was worth living for - the right to live by her own law.)

What is the author's attitude to Larra? (He condemns the hero, in which the anti-human essence is embodied. For Gorky, Larra's lifestyle, behavior, character traits are unacceptable. Larra is an anti-ideal).

Let's recall the pages of the Bible and answer the question: which of the famous heroes was subjected to such a punishment? We will turn to the mythologists from the 3rd creative group for help.

Mythologists: It seems to us that the son of Adam and Eve, Cain, who commits the sin of fratricide, for which he is punished with loneliness, is subjected to the same punishment.

« And Cain said to the Lord [God]: My punishment is greater than it is possible to bear; behold, now you are driving me off the face of the earth, and from your face I will hide, and I will be an exile and a wanderer on earth. "

Using Larra's example, Gorky presented us with the hero's anti-ideal. And who is the spokesman for the idealistic concept of man?

6. Analysis of the legend of Danko.

a) The legend of Danko is based on the biblical story of Moses. Let's remember it and compare it with M. Gorky's legend about Danko. Let's turn to mythologists again.

God commanded Moses to lead the Jewish people out of Egypt. Jews have lived in Egypt for hundreds of years, and it is very sad for them to part with their homes. The carts were drawn up, and the Jews set off.

Suddenly the Egyptian king regretted that he had released his slaves. It so happened that the Jews came to the sea when they saw the chariots of the Egyptian troops behind them. The Jews looked and were horrified: in front of the sea, and behind an armed army. But the merciful Lord saved the Jews from death. “And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and the Lord drove the sea away with a strong east wind all the night, and made the sea dry land, and the waters parted. And the children of Israel went on dry land in the midst of the sea: the waters were a wall to them on the right and on the left. "

Then the Jews walked through the desert, and the Lord constantly took care of them. The Lord told Moses to hit the rock with a stick, and cold water gushed out of it. The Lord showed many favors to the Jews, but they were not grateful. For disobedience and ingratitude, God punished the Jews: for forty years they wandered in the wilderness, in no way could they come to the land promised by God. Finally, the Lord took pity on them and brought them closer to this earth. But at this time their leader Moses died. [ 1: II,3–18]

b) What fragments of the legend about Danko correspond to the biblical legend? The guys from the group of researchers who prepared the answer at home will share their discoveries with us.

– What are the similarities between the biblical story and the legend of Danko?(Moses and Danko lead people out of dangerous places for further living. The path turns out to be difficult, and the relationship of Moses and Danko with the crowd becomes complicated, as people lose faith in salvation).

– How the plot of the legend of Danko differs from the biblical story? (Moses relies on the help of God, as he fulfills his will. Danko, feeling love for people, volunteers to save them, no one helps him.)

What are the main features of Danko? What is the basis of his actions? (Great love for people, a desire to help them, a willingness to sacrifice oneself for the sake of saving others.)

What act did the hero do for the sake of love for people? (Danko accomplishes a feat, saving people from enemies. He leads them out of darkness and chaos to light and harmony.)

How is the relationship between Danko and the crowd developing? Let's turn to textual experts again.

Work with text. (At first, people "looked and saw that he was the best of them all.". The people believe that Danko will overcome all difficulties on his own. Then they "began to murmur at Danko"since the path turned out to be difficult, many died on the way; now the crowd was disappointed in Danko. “People fell in anger at Danko” because they were tired, exhausted, but they are ashamed to admit it. People are compared to wolves, beasts, because instead of gratitude they hate Danko, they are ready to tear him to pieces. In Danko's heart "indignation boiled up, but from pity for people it went out." Danko pacified his pride, as his love for people is boundless. It is love for people that drives Danko's actions).

CONCLUSION: We see that Larra is a romantic anti-ideal, so the conflict between the hero and the crowd is inevitable. Danko is a romantic ideal, but conflict is also at the heart of the relationship between the hero and the crowd. This is one of the features of a romantic piece.

Why do you think the story ends with the legend of Danko? (This is an expression of the author's position. He praises the hero's feat. He admires the strength, beauty, courage, courage of Danko. This is the triumph of kindness, love, light over chaos, pride, selfishness).

7 . Independent work. Students compare the images of Danko and Larra by filling in the columns of the table. At the end of the work - self-check of the table. (An example is projected onto the screen).

table

Images of Danko and Larra in the story of M. Gorky

Criteria

Danko

Larra

1) Attitude

to people

"He loved people and thought that ... without him they would perish"

Contemptuously arrogant ("... except himself, he sees nothing ... he had no tribe, no mother, no cattle, no wife, and he did not want any of this")

2) The crowd is a hero

“Everyone followed him amicably - they believed in him.”

Open confrontation ("And he, boldly looking at them, replied that there are no more like him ...")

3) Distinctive character trait

Altruism

Excessive pride, complete freedom of action

4) Attitude towards life

Whoever does nothing, nothing will become of him.

"He had no tribe, no mother, no cattle, no wife, and he did not want any of this ... And so he began to live, free, like a bird."

5) Legend and modernity

What is meant?

Relevance of the image?

6) Actions performed by heroes

Feat, self-sacrifice of life in the name of saving people ("tore my chest with my hands and tore my heart out of it ...")

Crime, murder of the one who rejected the son of the eagle

"The proud daredevil Danko", the great burning heart of Danko.

"Handsome and strong," "his eyes were cold and proud, like the king of birds." "He was dexterous, predatory, strong, cruel ... And he has no place among people."

Let's return to the problematic question of the lesson: "What is a man according to Gorky?"

And how do you understand the words of the epigraph to the lesson:"If only for yourself, then why are you?"

8. Reflection

• Danko's feat is a great deed, he will remain an example and guideline for all of us. And may the light of his heart never fade away.

In memory of our lesson - these symbolic hearts.

And as a sign that together we have come to a common opinion about the essence of the issue raised, about what a person should be in life, let us kindle and raise our symbolic hearts.

Homework: write a miniature essay, choosing one of the themes: "Can Danko be called a hero?", "What kind of person can be called handsome?"

LITERATURE

Bible. - M .: Russian Bible Society, 1992.

Gorky, M. Selected Works.- M.: "Fiction", 19 86 .

Ozhegov, S.I. and Shvedova, N.Yu. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. - M .: Azbukovnik, 1997.

Solovyova, F.E. Literature lessons. - M .: "Russian Word", 2011.

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