"Noble Nest". AND

The first mention of the novel "Noble Nest" found in the letter of I.S.Turgenev to the publisher I.I.Panaev in October 1856. Ivan Sergeevich planned to finish the work by the end of the year, but did not realize his plan. Throughout the winter, the writer was seriously ill, and then destroyed the first sketches and began to come up with a new plot. Perhaps the final text of the novel differs significantly from the original one. In December 1858, the author made the last edits to the manuscript. The Noble Nest was first published in the January issue of the Sovremennik magazine in 1859.

The novel made a huge impression on Russian society. He immediately became so popular that not reading "The Noble's Nest" was considered almost bad form. Even Turgenev admitted that the work was a very big success.

The novel is based on the writer's reflections on the fate of the best representatives of the Russian nobility. The author himself belonged to this class and understood perfectly well that "Noble nests" with their atmosphere of sublime experiences gradually degenerate. It is no coincidence that Turgenev cites the genealogies of the main characters in the novel. Using their example, the writer shows that in different historical periods there were significant changes in the noble psychology: from "Wild nobility" to admiration for all alien. The great-grandfather of Fyodor Ivanovich Lavretsky is a cruel tyrant, his grandfather is a careless and hospitable hater of Voltaire, his father is an Anglomaniac.

Nest like homeland symbol, abandoned by its inhabitants. The writer's contemporaries prefer to spend time abroad, speak French, and thoughtlessly adopt other people's traditions. Lavretsky's aged aunt, obsessed with the style of Louis XV, looks tragic and caricatured. The fate of Fyodor himself is unhappy, whose childhood was mutilated by a foreign "Education system"... The generally accepted practice of entrusting children to nannies, governesses, or even giving them to someone else's family, breaks the link between generations, deprives them of their roots. Those who manage to settle in the old ancestral "Nest", most often lead a sleepy existence filled with gossip, playing music and cards.

Such a different attitude of the mothers of Liza and Lavretsky to their children is not accidental. Marya Dmitrievna is indifferent to raising her daughters. Liza is closer to the nanny Agafya and the music teacher. It is these people who influence the formation of the girl's personality. And here is the peasant Malasha (mother of Fedor) "Quietly fades away" after she is deprived of the opportunity to raise her son.

Compositionally the novel "A Noble Nest" is built in a straightforward manner. Its basis is the story of the unhappy love of Fedor and Liza. The collapse of their hopes, the impossibility of personal happiness echoes the social collapse of the nobility as a whole.

The main character novel Fyodor Ivanovich Lavretsky has many similarities with Turgenev himself. He is honest, sincerely loves his homeland, looking for a rational use of his abilities. Raised by a power-hungry and cruel aunt, and then by a peculiar "Spartan system" father, he acquired good health and a stern look, but a kind and shy character. Lavretsky finds it difficult to communicate. He himself feels the gaps in his upbringing and education, therefore he seeks to correct them.

The calculating Varvara sees in Lavretsky only a stupid bump, whose wealth is easy to take possession of. The sincerity and purity of the hero's first real feelings are broken against the betrayal of his wife. As a result, Fedor ceases to trust people, despises women, considers himself unworthy of true love. Having met Lisa Kalitina, he does not immediately dare to believe in the purity and nobility of the girl. But, having recognized her soul, he believed and fell in love for the rest of his life.

Lisa's character was formed under the influence of a nanny from the Old Believers. A girl from childhood was anxious about religion, "The image of the omnipresent, all-knowing God with some sweet power was pressed into her soul"... However, Lisa behaves too independently and openly for her time. In the nineteenth century, girls who sought to successfully marry were much more agreeable than Turgenev's heroine.

Before meeting Lavretsky, Liza did not often think about her fate. The official groom Panshin did not cause much rejection from the girl. After all, the main thing, in her opinion, is to honestly fulfill her duty to her family and society. This is the happiness of every person.

The culmination of the novel is the dispute between Lavretsky and Panshin about the people and the subsequent scene of Liza's explanation with Fyodor. In a male conflict, Panshin expresses the opinion of an official with pro-Western views, and Lavretsky speaks from positions close to Slavophilism. It is during this dispute that Lisa realizes how consonant her thoughts and judgments are with Lavretsky's views, realizes her love for him.

Among the "Turgenev girls" the image of Lisa Kalitina- one of the brightest and most poetic. Her decision to become a nun is based not only on religiosity. Lisa cannot live contrary to her moral principles. In this situation, for a woman of her circle and spiritual development, there was simply no other way out. Lisa sacrifices personal happiness and the happiness of a loved one, because she cannot act "not right".

In addition to the main characters, Turgenev created in the novel a gallery of vivid images that reflect the noble environment in all its diversity. There is a lover of state money, a retired general Korobyin, an old gossip Gedeonovsky, a clever dandy Panshin and many other heroes of provincial society.

There are also representatives of the people in the novel. Unlike masters, serfs and poor people are portrayed by Turgenev with sympathy and sympathy. The ruined fates of Malasha and Agafya, Lemma's talent, which was never revealed due to poverty, and many other victims of the master's tyranny prove that history "Noble nests" far from perfect. And the main reason for the ongoing social decay, the writer considers serfdom, which corrupts some and reduces others to the level of a wordless creature, but cripples everyone.

The state of the heroes is very subtly conveyed through pictures of nature, speech intonations, glances, pauses in conversations. By these means, Turgenev achieves amazing grace in describing emotional experiences, soft and exciting lyricism. “I was shocked ... by the light poetry, poured in every sound of this novel,” Saltykov-Shchedrin said about the “Noble Nest”.

Artistic skill and philosophical depth provided Turgenev's first major work with outstanding success for all time.

The main character of the novel is Fyodor Ivanovich Lavretsky, a nobleman who has many of the features of Turgenev himself. Raised far from his father's home, the son of an Anglophile father and a mother who died in his early childhood, Lavretsky is brought up on a family country estate by a cruel aunt. Often, critics looked for the basis for this part of the plot in the childhood of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev himself, who was raised by his mother, known for her cruelty.

Lavretsky continues his education in Moscow, and while visiting the opera, he notices a beautiful girl in one of the boxes. Her name is Varvara Pavlovna, and now Fyodor Lavretsky declares his love to her and asks for her hand in marriage. The couple marries and the newlyweds move to Paris. There Varvara Pavlovna becomes a very popular owner of the salon and starts an affair with one of her regular guests. Lavretsky learns about his wife's romance with another only at the moment when he accidentally reads a note written from his lover to Varvara Pavlovna. Shocked by the betrayal of a loved one, he breaks off all contacts with her and returns to his family estate, where he was raised.

Upon returning home to Russia, Lavretsky visits his cousin, Maria Dmitrievna Kalitina, who lives with her two daughters, Liza and Lenochka. Lavretsky immediately becomes interested in Liza, whose serious nature and sincere devotion to the Orthodox faith give her great moral superiority, strikingly different from the flirtatious behavior of Varvara Pavlovna, to which Lavretsky is so accustomed. Gradually, Lavretsky realizes that he is deeply in love with Lisa and, having read a message in a foreign magazine that Varvara Pavlovna has died, declares his love to Lisa. He learns that his feelings are not unrequited - Lisa also loves him.

Learning about the sudden appearance of the living Varvara Pavlovna, Liza decides to go to a remote monastery and lives the rest of her days in monasticism. The novel ends with an epilogue, which takes place eight years later, from which it also becomes known that Lavretsky is returning to Lisa's house, where her grown-up sister Elena has settled. There, after the past years, despite many changes in the house, he sees the living room, where he often met his girlfriend, sees the piano and the garden in front of the house, which he remembered so much because of his communication with Lisa. Lavretsky lives with his memories and sees a certain meaning and even beauty in his personal tragedy. After his thoughts, the hero goes back to his home.

Later, Lavretsky visits Liza in the monastery, seeing her in those short moments when she appears for moments between services.

Turgenev acquaints the reader with the main characters of the "Noble Nest" and describes in detail the inhabitants and guests of the house of Marya Dmitrievna Kalitina, the widow of the provincial prosecutor, living in the city of O. with two daughters, the eldest of whom, Liza, is nineteen years old. More often than others, Marya Dmitrievna has a St. Petersburg official, Vladimir Nikolaevich Panshin, who has ended up in a provincial city out of state necessity. Panshin is young, dexterous, moves up the career ladder with incredible speed, while he sings, draws well and looks after Liza Kalitina N.S. Bilinkis, T.P. Gorelik. "The noble nest of Turgenev and the 60s of the nineteenth century in Russia // Scientific reports of the higher school. Philological sciences. - M .: 2001. - No. 2, pp. 29-37 ..

The appearance of the main character of the novel by Fyodor Ivanovich Lavretsky, who is distantly related to Marya Dmitrievna, is preceded by a brief background. Lavretsky is a deceived husband, he is forced to leave his wife because of her immoral behavior. His wife remains in Paris, Lavretsky returns to Russia, ends up in the Kalitins' house and imperceptibly falls in love with Lisa.

Dostoevsky in "The Noble Nest" pays great attention to the theme of love, because this feeling helps to highlight all the best qualities of the heroes, to see the main thing in their characters, to understand their soul. Love is depicted by Turgenev as the most beautiful, bright and pure feeling that awakens all the best in people. In this novel, like in no other novel by Turgenev, the most touching, romantic, sublime pages are devoted to the love of the heroes.

The love of Lavretsky and Liza Kalitina does not manifest itself immediately, she approaches them gradually, through many reflections and doubts, and then suddenly falls upon them with her irresistible force. Lavretsky, who experienced a lot in his lifetime: hobbies, disappointments, and the loss of all life goals, at first simply admires Liza, her innocence, purity, spontaneity, sincerity - all those qualities that are absent in Varvara Pavlovna, Lavretsky's hypocritical, depraved wife who abandoned him. Liza is close to him in spirit: “It sometimes happens that two people who are already familiar, but not close to each other, suddenly and quickly come together within a few moments, - and the consciousness of this closeness is immediately expressed in their looks, in their friendly and quiet smiles, in themselves their movements "Turgenev I.S. Noble Nest. - M .: Publishing house: Children's Literature, 2002. - 237 p .. This is exactly what happened to Lavretsky and Liza.

They talk a lot and understand that they have a lot in common. Lavretsky is serious about life, towards other people, towards Russia, Liza is also a deep and strong girl with her own ideals and beliefs. According to Lemma, Lisa's music teacher, she is "a fair, serious girl with high feelings." Liza is looked after by a young man, a capital official with a wonderful future. Lisa's mother would be happy to give her in marriage to him, she considers it a wonderful party for Lisa. But Liza cannot love him, she feels false in his attitude towards her, Panshin is a superficial person, he appreciates the external brilliance in people, and not the depth of feelings. Further events in the novel confirm this opinion about Panshin.

From a French newspaper, he learns about the death of his wife, this gives him hope for happiness. The first climax comes - Lavretsky confesses his love to Lisa in the night garden and learns that he is loved. However, the next day after the confession, his wife, Varvara Pavlovna, returned from Paris to Lavretsky. The news of her death turned out to be false. This second culmination of the novel, as it were, opposes the first: the first gives the heroes hope, the second takes it away. There comes a denouement - Varvara Pavlovna settles in the family estate of Lavretsky, Liza leaves for a monastery, Lavretsky is left with nothing.

Having just published the novel "Rudin" in the January and February books of "Sovremennik" for 1856, Turgenev conceives a new novel. On the cover of the first autographed notebook of the "Noble Nest" it is written: "Noble Nest", a story by Ivan Turgenev, conceived at the beginning of 1856; for a long time he did not take up her for a long time, kept turning her around in his head; began to develop it in the summer of 1858 in Spassky. It ended on Monday, October 27, 1858 in Spasskoye. " The last corrections were made by the author in mid-December 1858, and in the January book of Sovremennik for 1959, The Noble Nest was published. In terms of its general mood, The Noble Nest seems to be very far from Turgenev's first novel. In the center of the work is a deeply personal and tragic story, the love story of Liza and Lavretsky. The heroes meet, they develop sympathy for each other, then love, they are afraid to admit this to themselves, because Lavretsky is bound by marriage. In a short time, Liza and Lavretsky experience both hope for happiness and despair - with the knowledge of its impossibility. The heroes of the novel are looking for answers, first of all, to the questions that their fate puts before them - about personal happiness, about duty to loved ones, about self-denial, about their place in life. In Turgenev's first novel, there was a spirit of discussion. The heroes of "Rudin" were solving philosophical questions, the truth was born in their dispute.
The heroes of The Noble Nest are reserved and laconic, Liza is one of the most silent Turgenev heroines. But the inner life of the heroes proceeds no less intensely, and the work of thought is carried on tirelessly in search of truth - only almost without words. They scrutinize, listen attentively, reflect on the life that surrounds them and their own, with a desire to understand it. Lavretsky in Vasilievsky "seemed to listen to the flow of quiet life that surrounded him." And at the decisive moment Lavretsky again and again "began to look into his life." Poetry of contemplation of life emanates from the "Noble nest". Undoubtedly, the tone of this Turgenev novel was influenced by the personal moods of Turgenev in 1856-1858. Turgenev's pondering of the novel coincided with the moment of a turning point in his life, with a mental crisis. Turgenev was then about forty years old. But it is known that the feeling of aging came to him very early, and now he is already saying that “not only the first and second - the third youth have passed”. He has a sad consciousness that life has not worked out, that it is too late to count on happiness for himself, that the “time of flowering” has passed. Far from his beloved woman - Pauline Viardot - there is no happiness, but existence near her family, in his words, “on the edge of someone else’s nest,” in a foreign land is painful. Turgenev's own tragic perception of love was also reflected in the Noble Nest. Added to this are reflections on the writer's fate. Turgenev reproaches himself for the unreasonable waste of time, lack of professionalism. Hence the author's irony in relation to Panshin's amateurism in the novel - this was preceded by a period of harsh condemnation of himself by Turgenev. The questions that worried Turgenev in 1856-1858 predetermined the range of problems posed in the novel, but there they manifest themselves, naturally, in a different angle. “I am now busy with another, big story, the main face of which is a girl, a religious being, I was brought to this face by observations of Russian life,” he wrote to EE Lambert on December 22, 1857 from Rome. In general, questions of religion were far from Turgenev. Neither mental crisis nor moral quest led him to faith, did not make him deeply religious, he comes to portraying a “religious being” in a different way, the urgent need to comprehend this phenomenon of Russian life is associated with solving a wider range of issues.
In the "Noble nest" Turgenev is interested in topical issues of modern life, here he comes right upstream of the river to its sources. Therefore, the heroes of the novel are shown with their “roots”, with the soil on which they grew up. Chapter thirty-five begins with Lisa's upbringing. The girl did not have spiritual closeness either with her parents or with the French governess; she was brought up, like Pushkin's Tatyana, under the influence of her nanny, Agafya. The story of Agafya, twice in her life marked by lordly attention, twice endured disgrace and resigned to fate, could make up a whole story. The author introduced Agafya's story on the advice of the critic Annenkov - otherwise, in the latter's opinion, the end of the novel, Liza's departure to the monastery, was incomprehensible. Turgenev showed how, under the influence of Agafya's severe asceticism and the peculiar poetry of her speeches, Liza's strict mental world was formed. Agafya's religious humility brought up in Liza the beginning of forgiveness, obedience to fate and self-denial of happiness.
In the image of Lisa, freedom of view, the breadth of perception of life, the veracity of her image were manifested. To the author himself, by nature, nothing was more alien than religious self-denial, the rejection of human joys. Turgenev had an inherent ability to enjoy life in its most diverse manifestations. He subtly feels the beauty, feels joy from the natural beauty of nature, and from the exquisite creations of art. But most of all he was able to feel and convey the beauty of the human person, albeit not close to him, but whole and perfect. And that is why the image of Liza is fanned with such tenderness. Like Pushkin's Tatyana, Liza is one of those heroines of Russian literature who find it easier to give up happiness than to inflict suffering on another person. Lavretsky is a man with roots dating back to the past. No wonder his genealogy was told from the beginning - from the 15th century. But Lavretsky is not only a hereditary nobleman, he is also the son of a peasant woman. He never forgets this, he feels "peasant" features in himself, and those around him are surprised at his extraordinary physical strength. Marfa Timofeevna, Liza's aunt, admired his heroism, and Liza's mother, Marya Dmitrievna, blamed the lack of sophisticated manners in Lavretsky. The hero is close to the people both by origin and personal qualities. But at the same time, Voltaire, his father's Anglomancy, and Russian university education also influenced the formation of his personality. Even Lavretsky's physical strength is not only natural, but also the fruit of the upbringing of a Swiss tutor.
In this expanded prehistory of Lavretsky, the author is interested not only in the hero's ancestors, the story of several generations of the Lavretskys reflects the complexity of Russian life, the Russian historical process. The dispute between Panshin and Lavretsky is profoundly significant. It appears in the evening, at the hours preceding the explanation of Liza and Lavretsky. And it is not for nothing that this dispute is woven into the most lyrical pages of the novel. For Turgenev, personal destinies, the moral quest of his heroes and their organic closeness to the people, their attitude towards them on an “equal” basis are merged here.
Lavretsky proved to Panshin the impossibility of leaps and haughty alterations from the heights of bureaucratic self-consciousness - alterations that were not justified either by knowledge of their native land, or indeed by faith in an ideal, even a negative one; cited his own upbringing as an example, demanded, first of all, the recognition of "the people's truth and humility before it ...". And he is looking for this popular truth. He does not accept with his soul the religious self-denial of Liza, does not turn to faith as a consolation, but is experiencing a moral turning point. Lavretsky's meeting with his university friend Mihalevich, who reproached him for selfishness and laziness, was not in vain for Lavretsky either. Renunciation still occurs, although not religious, - Lavretsky "really stopped thinking about his own happiness, about selfish goals." His introduction to the truth of the people is accomplished through the rejection of selfish desires and tireless work, giving the peace of the fulfilled duty.
The novel brought Turgenev popularity in the widest circles of readers. According to Annenkov, “young writers starting their careers, one after another, came to him, brought their works and awaited his verdict ...”. Turgenev himself recalled twenty years after the novel: "The Noble Nest" had the greatest success that ever fell to my lot. Since the appearance of this novel, I began to be considered among the writers who deserve the attention of the public ”

The plot of the novel

The main character of the novel is Fyodor Ivanovich Lavretsky, a nobleman who has many of the features of Turgenev himself. Raised far from his father's home, the son of an Anglophile father and a mother who died in his early childhood, Lavretsky is brought up on a family country estate by a cruel aunt. Often, critics looked for the basis for this part of the plot in the childhood of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev himself, who was raised by his mother, known for her cruelty.

Lavretsky continues his education in Moscow, and while visiting the opera, he notices a beautiful girl in one of the boxes. Her name is Varvara Pavlovna, and now Fyodor Lavretsky declares his love to her and asks for her hand in marriage. The couple marries and the newlyweds move to Paris. There, Varvara Pavlovna becomes a very popular keeper of the salon, and starts an affair with one of her regular guests. Lavretsky learns about his wife's romance with another only at the moment when he accidentally reads a note written from his lover to Varvara Pavlovna. Shocked by the betrayal of a loved one, he breaks off all contacts with her and returns to his family estate, where he was raised.

Upon returning home to Russia, Lavretsky visits his cousin, Maria Dmitrievna Kalitina, who lives with her two daughters, Liza and Lenochka. Lavretsky immediately becomes interested in Liza, whose serious nature and sincere devotion to the Orthodox faith give her great moral superiority, strikingly different from the flirtatious behavior of Varvara Pavlovna, to which Lavretsky is so accustomed. Gradually, Lavretsky realizes that he is deeply in love with Lisa, and when he reads a message in a foreign magazine that Varvara Pavlovna has died, he declares his love to Lisa and learns that his feelings are not unrequited - Lisa also loves him.

Unfortunately, the cruel irony of fate does not allow Lavretsky and Liza to be together. After a declaration of love, the happy Lavretsky returns home ... to find there alive and unharmed Varvara Pavlovna, waiting for him in the foyer. As it turns out, the ad in the magazine was given by mistake, and Varvara Pavlovna's salon is going out of fashion, and now Varvara needs the money she demands from Lavretsky.

Learning about the sudden appearance of the living Varvara Pavlovna, Liza decides to go to a remote monastery and lives the rest of her days in monasticism. Lavretsky visits her in the monastery, seeing her in those short moments when she appears for moments between services. The novel ends with an epilogue, which takes place eight years later, from which it also becomes known that Lavretsky is returning to Lisa's house. There, after the past years, despite many changes in the house, he sees a piano and a garden in front of the house, which he remembered so much because of his communication with Lisa. Lavretsky lives with his memories, and sees a certain meaning and even beauty in his personal tragedy.

Plagiarism charge

This novel was the reason for a serious disagreement between Turgenev and Goncharov. D. V. Grigorovich, among other contemporaries, recalls:

Once - it seems, at the Maykovs - he told [Goncharov] the content of a new supposed novel, in which the heroine had to retire to a monastery; many years later Turgenev's novel "A Noble Nest" was published; the main female face in him was also removed to the monastery. Goncharov raised a whole storm and directly accused Turgenev of plagiarism, of appropriating someone else's thought, suggesting, probably, that this thought, precious in its novelty, could only appear to him, and Turgenev would not have enough talent and imagination to reach it. The case took such a turn that it was necessary to appoint an arbitration tribunal composed of Nikitenko, Annenkov and a third person - I don't remember who. None of this, of course, came of it, except laughter; but since then Goncharov stopped not only seeing, but also bowing to Turgenev.

Screen adaptations

The novel was filmed in 1914 by V.R. Gardin and in 1969 by Andrei Konchalovsky. In the Soviet tape, the main roles were played by Leonid Kulagin and Irina Kupchenko. See The Noble's Nest (film).

Notes (edit)

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See what a "Noble Nest" is in other dictionaries:

Noble Nest- (Smolensk, Russia) Hotel category: 3 star hotel Address: Microdistrict Yuzhny 40 ... Hotel catalog

Noble Nest- (Korolev, Russia) Hotel category: 3 star hotel Address: Bolshevskoe shosse 35, Korolev.

DOVORYAN'S NEST, USSR, Mosfilm, 1969, color, 111 min. Melodrama. Based on the novel of the same name by I.S. Turgenev. A. Mikhalkov Konchalovsky's film dispute with the genre scheme of the "Turgenev novel" that has developed in modern social and cultural consciousness. ... ... Encyclopedia of Cinema

Noble Nest- Outdated. About a noble family, a manor. The noble nest of the Parnachevs belonged to the endangered ones (Mamin Sibiryak. Mother, stepmother). A sufficient number of noble nests were scattered in all directions from our estate (Saltykov Shchedrin. Poshekhonskaya ... ... Phraseological dictionary of the Russian literary language

NOBLE NEST- Roman I.S. Turgenev *. Written in 1858, published in 1859. The main character of the novel is a wealthy landowner (see nobleman *) Fyodor Ivanovich Lavretsky. The main storyline is connected with his fate. Disappointed in marriage with the secular beauty Varvara ... ... Linguistic and Cultural Dictionary

NOBLE NEST- for many years the only elite house in the whole of Odessa, located in the most prestigious area of ​​the city to this day, on French Boulevard. Separated by a fence, with a line of garages, a house with huge independent apartments, front doors with ... ... Big semi-explanatory dictionary of the Odessa language

1. Spread. Outdated. About a noble family, a manor. F 1, 113; Mokienko 1990.16. 2. Zharg. shk. Shuttle. Teacher's room. Nikitina 1996, 39.3. Zharg. sea. Shuttle. iron. The front superstructure on the ship, where the command personnel live. БСРЖ, 129. 4. Zharg. pier Elite housing (house ... A large dictionary of Russian sayings