Spiritual impoverishment of people. Spiritual impoverishment as a cause

The characterization of Masha Mironova from The Captain's Daughter is important for understanding the specifics of the work: it was born in the work of the great Russian writer under the influence of the popularity of translated novels by Walter Scott.

The image of Maria Mironova in the story "The Captain's Daughter"

He evoked a peculiar attitude from various critics - the character was not perceived as deep and even remarkable.

A close friend of Pushkin, P. Vyazemsky, saw in the image a kind of variation of Tatyana Larina. Furious V. Belinsky called it insignificant and colorless.

The composer P. Tchaikovsky also noted the lack of interestingness and specificity. Formal and empty - the assessment of the poet M. Tsvetaeva.

But there were also those who did not attribute the image of the main character to the weak points of the story. Perhaps the most authoritative voice here is the opinion of N. Gogol, who appreciated Pushkin's novella for its artlessness, truly Russian characters and the simple grandeur of unremarkable people.

Characteristics and description of Masha Mironova

Some researchers see the prototype of Masha as the heroine of the novel "The Edinburgh Dungeon" by Walter Scott. However, the similarity here is only plot.

Defining the character briefly: this is a paradoxical (like history itself and life in general) combination of ordinary and simplicity with grandeur and exclusivity. Maria Ivanovna is the eighteen-year-old daughter of the captain of the Belogorsk fortress.

The modesty of the family status is combined in it with intelligence and kindness, which the protagonist of the story appreciated and loved. They had to overcome a lot in order to be together: the intrigues of a rival for the love of Masha, the refusal of the groom's father to bless the marriage, the Pugachev uprising and a military tribunal.

An ordinary girl became the cause of fatal trials for the protagonist and reaches the empress herself in the hope of saving him.

The moral beauty of the heroine

The author constantly emphasizes the noble naturalness of the heroine, the absence of coquetry, pretense, any pretense in feelings and speeches. In dealing with people, she is distinguished by sensitivity, tenderness and kindness - the wise Savelich calls her an angel, saying that such a bride does not need a dowry.

Her inherent sweet femininity encourages careful handling of weapons and, in general, with everything related to the war: a girl who grew up in a military fortress is terribly afraid of the sound of shooting.

Avoids conflicts and quarrels: does not say anything bad about Shvabrin, is immensely upset because of Grinev's duel and the disgrace of his father.

She is mentally wise, sees people with her heart. The witty and well-educated Shvabrin could not win a love victory over the stupid young lady in his own words - because there is no truly noble person behind the brilliant manners.

Loving Mary wants happiness above all for a dear person - even if it means marriage with another woman. And all this without romantic pathos and contempt for everyday life: he understands that for happiness a person needs not only love, but also peace and tranquility in the family, some kind of wealth and certainty.

The appearance of Masha Mironova in the story "The Captain's Daughter"

Pushkin deliberately sketched her portrait very schematically. In the face and figure of the girl who prompted the heroic deeds there is no subtlety or exotic features, expressive originality -

her appearance is not romantic and purely Russian.

Together with the main character, the reader sees for the first time a young girl with a chubby face and ruddy face. Light-blond hair is tidied up unfashionably - not curled into curls, completely removed from her face, revealing her ears, “which burned like that” (an expressive detail that characterizes both the first impression of a young man and a girl's sensitivity, which is far from enthusiasm).

Gradually, the reader, together with Peter Grinev, begins to perceive Masha with his heart. "Sweetheart", "kind", "angelic" are constant epithets when it comes to her.

The lover sees that the unfashionable young lady is dressing “simply and cute”, her voice seems “angelic”.

Masha's parents

Ivan Kuzmich and Vasilisa Yegorovna Mironovs are a married couple from poor nobles who treated the main character in a family way.

The commandant is a drunken officer with experience, served for almost 40 years. Kindness and carelessness of character do not help him in his work in a leading position and make him "henpecked" with his own wife. He is a man of honor, ingenuous and straightforward.

The elderly "commandant" is an excellent hostess, kind and hospitable. A lively and "brave" woman, she actually controls her husband and the entire garrison. Strength of character is combined with femininity: she does not know how to keep secrets, but she loves and regrets her husband.

In the face of death, the father touchingly and simply blesses his daughter, the husband and wife say goodbye to each other in such a way that all the tenderness, strength and depth of their love are visible.

Quotation characteristics of Masha Mironova

The speech characteristic of the character of the heroine can be expressed in two very significant quotes.

“If you find yourself a betrothed, if you fall in love with another - God is with you, Pyotr Andreevich; and I am for both of you ... ", - she says to her beloved, having learned from her father-Grinev's letter about the prohibition of their marriage.

Everything is here: the effort to calmly accept the impossibility of one's own happiness, the dignity of humility, the desire for good for the beloved, sincerity of feeling without beautiful words.

“Whether we have to see each other or not, God alone knows that; but I will never forget you; until the grave, you alone will remain in my heart, ”said Masha, freed from captivity, going to Grinev's parents.

The faithful soul speaks almost in the common people - and naturally poetically. As in one of Pushkin's poems, the hearty "you" replaces the polite "you" - this change conveys the combination in Mary of heartfelt depth and self-esteem, natural spontaneity and good manners.

The capture of the Belogorsk fortress by Pugachev and the fate of the heroine

Pugachev's raid on the fortress happened faster than expected: the plan to evacuate his daughter to Orenburg from the Mironovs did not come true.

Both Masha's parents died after the capture of the Belogorsk fortress: the rioters hanged her father, and her mother died from a blow to the head with a saber, received in response to lamentations over her murdered husband.

The friend of the mother's mother hid the orphan sick from the shock at home, passing her off as her niece in front of Pugachev, who was lodging in the same house. Shvabrin knew and did not give out this secret.

Appointed as the new commandant of the fortress, he began to force her to marry, threatening to hand her over to the rebels.

Rescue of the captain's daughter

In Orenburg besieged by the Pugachevites, Peter receives a letter from Masha with a story about Shvabrin's unworthy behavior. The main character asks the military commandant to release him with a military detachment to Belogorsk. Having received a refusal, Grinev voluntarily leaves Orenburg together with the faithful Savelyich.

On the way to Belogorsk, they were seized by the rebels near the Berdskaya settlement. The nobleman asks to rescue his beloved to Pugachev himself. Pyotr Grinev found his beloved sitting on the floor, in a torn peasant dress, with disheveled hair, pale and thinner. She boldly and simply expresses contempt for Shvabrin.

After her release, Masha goes to Grinev's parents - they subsequently accepted and fell in love with her.

The love story of Masha Mironova and Peter Grinev

The fate of the relationship between two young people is complexly connected with a tragic episode in the history of an entire country. Love in this work is a circumstance, the main condition for the manifestation of the best human qualities of a man and a woman: kindness, loyalty, honor, thoughtful attitude towards oneself and others.

Conclusion

The upbringing novel or biography is titled "The Captain's Daughter" by no means accidental. Maria Mironova is just a woman and a man, but she remains herself and does not betray herself even in the face of death. She brings love, feelings of admiration for the kindness, courage and devotion of people to the life of the protagonist.

Masha Mironova the image and characteristics of the heroine in the story The Captain's Daughter

Plan

1. "Pushkin" heroine.

2. Masha Mironova. Characteristics and image in the story "The Captain's Daughter"

2.1. Masha and her parents.

2.2. The first love.

2.3. Firmness of spirit.

3. My attitude to the main character.

In his talented works, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin created the image of an ideal girl, to which he returned more than once, from novel to novel, from poem to poem. The standard of "Pushkin's" heroine was a meek and pretty young lady, a little romantic, a little dreamy, kind and simple, but at the same time full of inner fire and hidden strength. Such was Tatyana Larina, and such was Masha Mironova.

The girl spent her childhood and adolescence in the solitude of the Belogorodskaya fortress, in need and work. Her parents, though minor nobles, lived on one captain's salary. Therefore, they taught their daughter to a simple lifestyle and constant work. Masha, an eighteen-year-old young lady, did not shy away from helping her mother in the kitchen, cleaning the rooms, mending clothes. She did not receive a worthy education and upbringing, but acquired a more valuable and eternal one - a gentle heart, a kind disposition, spiritual beauty.

In the story, the girl appears before us as a respectful and polite daughter. She does not strive for balls and dresses, does not beg from her parents for a better, richer life. She is happy with what she has, she is very attached to her father and her mother and appreciates them. Masha knows that she dresses “simply and cute”, that she does not have a large dowry, which means that she is unlikely to be able to find a good match for herself. But that doesn't upset the main character. She does not cling to the first person she meets, who shows her attention. For the captain's daughter, sincere love and mutual sympathy is not an empty phrase. The girl refuses a rich gentleman, as she notices in him unfit character traits and low feelings. She is not ready to live with the unloved just because it will ensure her comfortable existence. “Whenever I think it will be necessary ... to kiss him. Never! No welfare! " - Masha explains her refusal in mental simplicity. And at the same time, the girl is capable of strong tender feelings.

Having met Grinev, she falls in love with him sincerely and ardently. This is not a fleeting feeling caused by momentary weakness or euphoria. Masha loves truly, selflessly. Feelings between the main characters do not immediately develop, the girl gradually begins to understand that she is carried away seriously and for a long time. Imperceptibly observing Grinev, noticing his positive qualities and habits, the captain's daughter begins to love with all her heart and with all her soul. But here, too, its deep moral foundation is visible. Without flirting, not playing with the feelings of a man, Masha “without any pretense” reciprocates the proposal of young Peter. Her love is pure and innocent, like herself. And although the girl is truly in love and “sensitive”, she values ​​her good name and unsullied honor.

The captain's daughter is also prudent and intelligent. She does not want to marry Grinev without the blessing of his parents and is even ready to return the promised word to him. “If you find yourself a betrothed, if you fall in love with another - God be with you, Pyotr Andreevich,” says Masha, crying, and later adds: “I will never forget you; until the grave, you alone will remain in my heart. " As you can see, the girl agrees to sacrifice her feelings for the well-being of the chosen one. In addition, she is ready to remain faithful and loyal to her beloved until her death.

But the best qualities of Marya Ivanovna are revealed to us during her terrible trials - the Pugachev rebellion. It was then that the main character shows those feelings and that strength of mind, which, it would seem, cannot be expected from her. Having lost her father and mother overnight, deprived of her freedom and her usual way of life, experiencing the betrayal of soldiers and going through the bullying of a cruel officer, the captain's daughter remained true to her principles and convictions, her concept of duty and honor. How much fortitude and courage she needed to survive the death of her beloved parents and her imprisonment. How much courage and courage it took a girl to resist Shvabrin's attempts to force her to marry him. Sick, destitute, starving, she steadfastly withstood the test of her love for the Motherland and for Grinev.

Much about Masha's character can be seen in the fact that she fell in love with Grinev's parents. The girl did not harbor anger at them because they did not immediately accept her as a daughter-in-law, did not torment them with lamentations and complaints. She behaved respectfully and meekly, so that soon the future father-in-law "sincerely attached to her, because it was impossible to recognize her and not love her." Courage and moral strength were necessary for these people who fell in love with each other when they learned about the arrest of Grinev and the terrible sentence that was passed on him.

Special courage and stamina were required from Masha. She remained faithful to her beloved both in her grief and in his misfortune. She did not abandon him, did not doubt his honor, did not take advantage of his absence to find herself a better and richer groom. No, Maria Mironova boldly decided to take the initiative into her own hands and turn to the Empress herself for pardoning the convicted person. In this act, one can see firm determination, absolute independence and skillful enterprise of a young girl. She sincerely and clearly explains everything to the empress, and she grants forgiveness to the innocent.

Having gone through difficult difficulties and trials, Masha Mironova and Pyotr Grinev did not stop loving each other. Having got married, they lived happily ever after, in peace and harmony. I am amazed at the firmness of spirit and moral purity of the main character. Her humility and sanity, respectful attitude towards elders and unyielding steadfast spirit is an example and a model to follow. Those who possess such qualities and character traits, regardless of whether it is a man or a woman, will certainly be rewarded by fate. After all, true happiness and success must be earned and conquered.

Tatyana Larina, Maria Troekurova, Liza Muromskaya, Lyudmila and others. However, one of the most unusual women in his prose was the main character of The Captain's Daughter. How did the image of Masha Mironova differ from others? Let's figure it out.

A little about the background of writing the story "The Captain's Daughter"

Although the story is named after the main character, the plot is centered on her lover - Peter Grinev and the rebel Emelyan Pugachev. Moreover, initially much more space was given to Pugachev's rebellion in the work, and the main character was to be an officer who joined the rebels (Shvabrin).

However, this plot structure represented rebellion on the positive side. And in Tsarist Russia during the time of Pushkin, censorship was very strict, and the story, in fact, praising the anti-monarchist uprising, could remain unpublished.

Knowing this, Alexander Sergeevich changed the mood of the protagonist, reduced references to the riot and its reasons, and focused the plot on a love story. As a result of all these alterations, the image of Masha Mironova was at the center of all events. Although the story is named in honor of this heroine, nevertheless, a lot of attention is paid to Grinev and his relationship with Pugachev in the work.

Biography of Maria Mironova

Before considering in detail the image of Masha Mironova, it is worthwhile to briefly learn about the content of the story "The Captain's Daughter". At the same time, it is more expedient to present the events not from the point of view of Grinev the narrator, but as part of the heroine's biography.

Maria Ivanovna Mironova was the only daughter of the captain of the Belgorod garrison Ivan Kuzmich and his strong-willed wife, Vasilisa Yegorovna.

A little earlier, when she met Pyotr Grinev, officer Alexei Shvabrin wooed her. Considering that Mironova was a dowry, the young man was an excellent party for the girl financially and socially. However, Maria did not love him, so she refused.

The offended officer, holding a grudge, began to spread false rumors about the girl. These slander contributed to the fact that Grinev initially treated Masha negatively. But having got to know her better, he became interested in the girl, challenged the slanderous Shvabrin to a duel and was wounded.

Nursing him, Masha Mironova sincerely falls in love with Grinev, and he offers her his hand and heart. Having received the consent of his beloved, he sends a letter to his father, informing him of his intention to marry and asking for blessings.

But on the path of happiness for Masha and Peter, Shvabrin again becomes, who informs Grinev's family about the duel and its reason. Now the father is refusing the blessing to his son. Masha does not want to quarrel between her beloved and his family and refuses to secretly marry him.

Meanwhile, Emelyan Pugachev raises a riot, declaring himself Peter II. His army is moving towards the Belgorod fortress. The commandant, realizing that they are doomed, tries to save Masha: he dresses her in peasant clothes and hides her in the priest's house. When Pugachev's troops take the fortress, most of its inhabitants go over to the side of the rebel. However, several officers remain loyal to the oath. For this they will be executed.

The only one who manages to survive is Grinev, who once helped Pugachev, not knowing at the time who he was. Together with his faithful servant, Peter goes to the Orenburg fortress. But he has no opportunity to take Maria, left an orphan, with him, as she became seriously ill.

Shvabrin, who swore allegiance to Pugachev and was appointed commandant of the Belgorod fortress, becomes aware of Maria's shelter. The officer locks the girl up and demands that she marry him. Having received another refusal, he starves her.

The girl manages to convey the letter to her beloved, and he hurries to her aid. Although Grinev is again captured by Pugachev's supporters, the "resurrected Peter II" once again pardons the young man and helps him to reunite with his beloved.

Having overcome a lot of obstacles, Masha and Peter get home to the Grinevs. Personal acquaintance with the young man's bride had a beneficial effect on Andrei Grinev, and he agreed to the marriage.

But until the rebellion is suppressed, Peter considers it his duty to fight. Soon the riot is pacified. Among those arrested is Shvabrin, who, in order to take revenge on Grinev, slanders him. Peter was also arrested and sentenced to exile. Fearing for Masha's fate, he says nothing about the reasons for his relationship with Pugachev.

Upon learning of this, Masha travels to the capital on her own to tell the truth and save Grinev. Fate turns out to be merciful to her: she accidentally meets Tsarina Catherine. Not knowing who her interlocutor is, the girl tells the whole truth, and the empress has mercy on the young man. Then the lovers go home and get married.

The image of Masha Mironova in the story "The Captain's Daughter"

Having dealt with the biography, it is worth paying more attention to the character of the heroine. Throughout the story, Pushkin presents the image of Masha Mironova as the image of a girl from the people. It is for this reason that an epigraph from folk songs has been selected for each chapter in which she appears.

At the time of the beginning of the action, Masha was already 18 years old, and by the standards of those times, she had already sat up in girls. Despite this, the pretty creature did not turn into a greedy seeker for her husband. Masha does not try to preen herself, but dresses simply. He brushes his blond hair smoothly into a regular hairstyle, and does not construct intricate compositions out of them, as was customary among the noble young ladies of those times.

Humility and adventurism - two sides of the character of Maria Mironova

Although some researchers call Mironova a variation of the image of Tatyana Larina, this is a controversial statement. After all, girls are very different. So, Tatyana at first actively fights for her love, violating certain norms of decency (she confesses her love to a man first), but later she resigns herself, marries a rich and noble man chosen by her parents and refuses Onegin.

Everything is different with Maria Mironova. Having fallen in love, she is full of humility and is ready to give up her happiness for the benefit of Grinev. But when her beloved is threatened with exile, the girl shows unprecedented courage and goes to ask the queen herself for him.

It is worth noting that such an act for a young lady of the 19th century. was a real insolence. After all, not having the necessary connections in society, an unmarried girl, who has lived all her life in a remote province, goes to St. Petersburg. And in those days, except for the queen, the rest of the empire's women were not particularly allowed to interfere in "men's" affairs like politics. It turns out that Masha's act is a gamble.

Sometimes researchers compare this image with another Pushkin's heroine (Masha Mironova - "The Captain's Daughter"). We are talking about the heroine of the novel "Dubrovsky" Masha Troekurova, who in the very finale did not find the courage to achieve her happiness and surrendered to the will of circumstances.

Some literary scholars argue that the image of Masha Mironova is inconsistent. After all, showing a constantly docile nature and prudence, in the finale she takes extraordinary courage from nowhere, although logically she should have meekly gone into exile, like the wives of the Decembrists or Sonechka Marmeladov from Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. Such a change in disposition can be explained by the fact that the girl lost her beloved parents in a short time, went through a lot of shocks, and in order to survive, she was forced to change and become brave.

Masha's relationship with her parents

Considering the image of Masha Mironova, it is worth paying attention to her relationship with her family. The girl's parents were sincere and honest people. For this reason, his father's career did not work out particularly well, and the Mironovs did not manage to accumulate a fortune. Although they did not live in poverty, they did not have money for a dowry for Mashenka. Therefore, the girl had no special prospects in terms of marriage.

Ivan Kuzmich and Vasilisa Yegorovna, although they raised their daughter as a decent girl with a noble soul, did not provide her with either education or position in society.

On the other hand, they always took their daughter's opinion into account. After all, when she refused a wonderful groom (Shvabrin), who could provide for her future, the Mironovs did not reproach and bondage the girl.

The captain's daughter and Shvabrin

Relations with Alexei Ivanovich characterize Masha. Although this hero was ugly, he was sufficiently educated (spoke French, understood literature), was courteous and knew how to charm. And for a young provincial simpleton (who, in essence, was the heroine), he could seem like an ideal at all.

His matchmaking with Mironova looked like a great success for the "aged" woman without a dowry. But the girl suddenly refused. Perhaps Masha felt the vile essence of the failed groom or learned some rumors about his behavior. After all, he once offered Grinev to seduce a girl for a pair of earrings, which means he could have had the experience of similar seduction of other young ladies. Or maybe Shvabrin just didn't like the young and romantic Masha. Such naive girls tend to fall in love with handsome and slightly silly guys like Grinev.

Why did her refusal hurt the man so much? Perhaps he wanted to marry her in order to become the successor of her father in the future. And since the bride was without a dowry and had an agreeable disposition, the hero hoped that she would be grateful to him until the end of her days. But the provincial homeless woman suddenly refused, ruining his ambitious plan.

The image of Masha Mironova, in particular, her high morality, is revealed in more detail in the light of further relationships with the failed groom. She never made excuses when he spread gossip about her. And once in his power, when Shvabrin tried to morally break her, she bravely stood the test.

Masha Mironova and Petr Grinev

The relationship of these characters is also very revealing. Their love story looks very traditional: poetry, a duel, parental prohibition and overcoming a lot of obstacles on the way to their happiness. But through this story, the whole depth of Masha's spiritual nobility is shown. Her feelings are more meaningful and profound than those of Grinev. In particular, loving her parents very much, the girl does not want a quarrel between Peter and his father.

She endures the first parting more stoically than Grinev, who rushes about and finds himself on the verge of either losing his mind or indulging in debauchery.

After the capture of the fortress by Pugachev and the murder of Masha's parents, the love of the heroes only grows stronger. At some point, each of them, risking their lives, saves the other.

Captain's daughter prototypes

Masha Mironova had several prototypes, on the basis of which Pushkin created this image. So, in those days, a joke was spread about the meeting of the German ruler Joseph II with the daughter of an unknown captain. Subsequently, Alexander Sergeevich adapted it to the story of the meeting with Catherine II and even called the story “The Captain's Daughter”.

Mironova owes her simplicity and closeness to the people to the heroine of Walter Scott - Jeanie Deans ("Edinburgh Dungeon"). For the sake of saving her sister, this modest and noble Scottish peasant woman went to the capital and, having achieved an audience with the Queen, saved the unfortunate woman from the death penalty. By the way, from the same novel, Pushkin borrowed the idea of ​​using the words of folk songs as epigraphs.