House of Labor of St. John: “Establishment of the first Christians of the Apostolic times. The first house of industriousness and the lodging house "Labor house" Noy "" for the homeless

A collection of information on the Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, who was under Her Majesty's Augustus.

Report to the Trusteeship on Labor and Workhouses. - Issue. IV. - SPb., 1902. (Extracts)

Labor charity institutions

Adult work houses and mixed and similar institutions

The growth and development of houses of industriousness clearly shows that institutions of this kind, if they are intended only for labor charity, far from satisfying very many of the urgent needs of life and solely under the influence of such take completely different forms that are created for them theoretically.

The survey of industrious houses undertaken in the reporting year at the direction of the Committee gave quite definite confirmation of this.

The houses of industriousness at their establishment were understood by the founders themselves as institutions more or less simple, uncomplicated, designed to provide temporary work to persons who had, but then lost it due to unfortunate circumstances. They did not take upon themselves educational and corrective goals, did not undertake general charity tasks, and therefore, in their pure form, they should be closed for professional beggars, for children and for the disabled.

Meanwhile, as the survey of houses of industriousness in 1901 showed, this type of them in life found only very weak use: at present there are hardly many such houses that, with the correct development of their activities, would not turn into more complex institutions ...

This happened, on the one hand, because, under the influence of living conditions, it was necessary to open a number of auxiliary institutions under the influence of living conditions, on the other hand, because in some localities an urgent need, along with able-bodied adults in need of temporary earnings, was discovered. disabled, children and professional beggars, and, finally, with the third - that life has forced to attend to the consolidation of assistance provided in the home, and to make it preventative.

A clear example of the complication of the initial, simple type of house of industriousness can be at least the Oryol House, subordinate to the Trusteeship for Houses of Industry and Workhouses. September 22, 1901 marks exactly 10 years since the founding of the aforementioned labor assistance institution, which was opened on September 22, 1891 for the temporary care of the homeless poor in need of work and food; it was designed at the opening for 50 people. In the same 1891 the Guardianship Society filed a petition about him

• 0 supplementing the charter of the house of industriousness in the sense of giving the Society the right to open an overnight shelter at the house for the poor who do not work in the house, which shelter was opened to
• December 1. At the same time, at the suggestion of the Diocesan Committee, established to collect donations in favor of those affected by crop failure, a free canteen for 100 people has been set up in the shelter. In 1892, due to a poor harvest in 1891, the need for food and care for the poor residents of the city and peasants arriving to earn money became even more urgent, therefore, in addition to the mentioned free canteen, 4 more cheap canteens were opened at the expense of the Provincial Charity Committee, which were received under the jurisdiction of the Trust Society. In the same year, the leaders of the Society saw themselves compelled to open a children's department at the house for the temporary care of orphaned and generally street children. In view of the fact that the orphanage children, of which 50 people were adopted at first, could not be arranged for permanent jobs due to their unpreparedness for work, it became necessary to inform them of handicraft knowledge. This goal was pursued by the Guardian Society, teaching children in the shoe, box and hosiery workshops, at home, in the kitchen and bakery, which was also already open by that time, as well as sending them to the printing house, the bookbinder and the city locksmith's workshop. In addition, the Trusteeship Society for teaching children crafts arranged for them in the workshops of different workshops.

At the shelter, a school was established that enjoyed the rights of an elementary zemstvo school, under the direct supervision of a special teacher.

In 1893, the activities of the Guardian Society expanded even further, namely, in order to combat the cholera epidemic, a second shelter and a cheap canteen were opened. a check is given a portion of hot food or half a portion of porridge, for 3 checks - hot food, one and a half pounds of bread, and so on.

In 1894, the idea of ​​arranging an almshouse for elderly women appeared, which was carried out in the next 1895. This year, women's workshops were especially developed, which, in addition to the execution of small orders from private individuals, began to accept contracts for the supply of products for different institutions. Special craftswomen were hired to train those in attendance. For the sale of stockings made in women's workshops, in addition to selling them at the workshop itself, a warehouse was opened at the store of a local merchant Vlasov. In May 1895, the Oryol Charitable Society for the House of Diligence came up with a proposal to transfer into its jurisdiction the "Yasli" shelter, which was at the Mariinsky Orphanage, with all the equipment; moreover, the Charitable Society undertook to provide the House of industriousness with an annual subsidy of 150 rubles. On such conditions, the Nursery orphanage was accepted by the Guardianship Society together with the three children who were in it. Actually, the nature of this orphanage does not fully correspond to the generally accepted concept of a shelter with the name "Nursery"; it would be more correct to call it a juvenile department of a children's shelter because children are left here not only for the daytime, but live permanently. In 1895, due to the cheapness of bread, the need for cheap canteens decreased so much that the board of the Society decided to close them in the future until a new need. Nevertheless, the Society, so that those in dire need were not deprived of the opportunity to receive cheap bread, arranged a department of a cheap canteen at the House of Industriousness itself.

In 1896, the number of children in care in the children's department of the House reached 80 children, and in the orphanage "Nursery" increased from 3 to 22.

Due to the fact that the orphans living at the House of Industriousness, the poor, the elderly were deprived of the opportunity, due to the remoteness of city churches and the lack of sometimes warm clothes and shoes, to visit the temple of God, there was a natural need to set up a home church at the House of Industriousness, which was built on donated money and consecrated on September 15, 1897 by Fr. John Sergiev.

In 1898, the activities of the women's workshop expanded even more, it brought a net profit of 2,200 rubles. In addition to the previous workshops, a brush for the haunted men was added.

In 1899, men's workshops were especially developed, which for the first time, instead of the usual deficit, had a small profit; at the same time, an expansion of the bakery at the House of Industriousness began.

In 1900, an intermediary office was established at the House of Industriousness to find jobs and jobs.

According to information from 1901, the Oryol House of Diligence with its subdivisions is a series of buildings near the city center, on the banks of the river, surrounded by gardens and constituting, as it were, a whole colony of charitable institutions, containing the following institutions: 1) a church; 2) a library; 3) the House of Diligence proper for the temporary care of adult men and women with workshops: hosiery, seamstress, box, package, shoemaker, carpentry, locksmith and bakery; 4) shelter "Nursery"; 5) a boys' shelter; 6) a girls' shelter; 7) school; 8) an almshouse for elderly women (one old man is also sleeping in a separate room);

9) an overnight house for the poor who come; 10) for them a cheap canteen and 11) an intermediary office for finding places and occupations.

The House of Diligence welcomes up to 225 people every day.

The value of the property of the Company exceeds 75,000 rubles. The parish received 20,877 rubles in 1901. 94 kopecks, for the same time 23,002 rubles were spent. 50 kopecks

The same - to a greater or lesser extent - complex institution of labor assistance is, for example, the Kronstadt House of Labor (not under the jurisdiction of the Guardianship), which has: 1) a church, 2) an orphanage, 3) an almshouse, 4) an overnight shelter, 5) dining room, 6) handicraft classes, 7) Sunday school, 8) bookshop, 9) cheap apartments, 10) intermediary office for hiring female servants, 11) hospital, 12) public school, 13) children's library and 14) organization of public readings ... The cost of the real estate of the Kronstadt house is 350,000 rubles, the amount of available capital is up to 490,000 rubles, the annual income is more than 77,600 rubles, the expense is 59,580 rubles.

Then, the 1st house of industriousness of the St. Petersburg metropolitan trusteeship society of the houses of industriousness (subordinate to the Trusteeship) was also built with its workshops: sewing, weaving, carpentry, wallpaper, cordage, metalwork and foundry, painting, shoe and rug workshop and tracks; it has: 1) a hostel, 2) a kitchen, 3) a dining room, 4) a library, 5) a labor center (free sewing workshop), 6) an office for finding places,

7) organization of external work, 8) laundry, 9) disinfection chamber, emergency room and first aid kit; it is also proposed to open a nursery and set up a bakery and an overnight shelter. The Metropolitan Guardianship Society has property for only 65,240 rubles. The arrival of the Society in 1901 was expressed in the amount of 24,611 rubles. 12 kopecks, consumption - 18 145 rubles. 65 kopecks. The total number of those taken up in 1 house of industriousness reached the figure of 30,907 rubles.

Complex houses of industriousness and, moreover, significant in terms of capital and real estate (over 30,000 rubles) also include the following institutions subordinate to the Trusteeship for houses of industriousness and workhouses: the house of industriousness in Vilna, in Rostov-on-Don named after P.R. Maksimov, in Kiev, in Nizhny Novgorod them. Mikhail and Lyubov Rukavishnikovs, in Yelets, in Poltava, in Rodoma, the 2nd house of industriousness of the St. Petersburg metropolitan guardian of the houses of industriousness of society, in Saratov, in Tula, in Kharkov, in Odessa and in Rybinsk, in total with the above two - 15 institutions.

The same houses of industriousness, but not under the jurisdiction of the Guardianship, are available: in Baku, Warsaw, Vyatka, Grodno, Kursk, Moscow named after N. A. and S. N. Gorbovs, in Moscow Sergiev's house of industriousness of the society “Moscow Muraveinik”, Samara, Simbirsk , St. Petersburg - the Evangelical House of Diligence and the House of Diligence of the Petrovsky Society for Helping the Poor; in Tsarskoe Selo, Tver, Torzhok, Chernigov, Revel and Yaroslavl - only 19 institutions.

Of the other existing houses of industriousness, some still remain simple and uncomplicated establishments for temporary earnings, but, apparently, most of them have already taken the path of complication. There is no doubt that the rest will follow these last ones, as life steadily directs them towards this. There is no doubt that in the future they all, or at least the vast majority of them, will turn to complex institutions and open the doors of their establishments not only to workers looking for temporary work in the workshops at home, but also to everyone who needs them - many facts prove this. ... That houses of hard work of a pure type are theoretical and that, on the contrary, houses of a complex type are vital, they came to the conclusion, among other things, that the heads of the aforementioned institutions of labor assistance and their caretakers, who were present at the Congress held from April 16 to 22 of this year, also came to the conclusion.

According to information from 1901, there are up to 130 trusteeships, circles and trusteeships for houses of industriousness (for adults and mixed ones). Of these, 77 labor assistance institutions operate on the basis of approximate charters adopted under the special charters, completely or not entirely consistent with the approximate ones.

In the reporting year, five houses of industriousness were reopened: the Annunciation house of industriousness for disadvantaged women in St. Petersburg; house of industriousness, established by the Society for the care of families of exiled convicts on about. Sakhalin; the house of industriousness for women established by the Krestov Charitable Society in St. Petersburg; the house of industriousness of the Menzelinsky society of benefits to the poor and the house of industriousness of the Society for helping the needy population of the Khvalynsky district, Samara province, in the village. Noble Tereshka, - the first three are subordinate to the Trusteeship, the last two operate on the basis of special charters. In addition, the following are supposed to be opened: the House of Diligence in the city of Vengrov, Sedletskaya province, the draft charter of which, agreed with the approximate one, is now being approved; then the house of industriousness - in the city of Czestochowa, Petrovsky province; in Cherkassy, ​​Kiev province; in St. Petersburg a house of industriousness for tailors and a house of industriousness in the city of Nikolaev, founded by the Nikolaev society for the arrangement of overnight houses.

Of the listed institutions, the house of industriousness on about. Sakhalin and the proposed to open house of industriousness in the city of Czestochowa.

The rules of the Sakhalin House of Industriousness were approved on December 5, 1901, while the very same institution actually began its activities in the middle of September of the same year.

The extremely difficult financial situation of a part of not only the exiled, but also the full-fledged population of Fr. Sakhalin Island, mainly explained by the lack of local demand for labor, has long pointed to the need for private philanthropy to intervene in this area to help at least those in need who do not give up work to support their own and their families' livelihood.

Imbued with the conviction of the urgent need for such intervention, the Society for the Care of Families of Exiled Convicts decided to take the initiative in this matter, and since the most rational type of assistance seemed to him to be labor, the general meeting of members of the society on March 17 last year decided to establish on Fr. Sakhalin in the post Aleksandroven House of industriousness.

The execution of this resolution was started without delay, for which the Sister of Mercy EK Mayer was sent by the Board of the Society on Sakhalin.

During the first two weeks after the opening of the House, 150 people worked in it. him subsequently to reduce this contingent to 70-60 people. in a day.

Work in the House of Industriousness consists of sewing linen, clothes and shoes, weaving carpets, weaving nets, making mops and mattresses, etc. earthen. Orders for products and their sale, at first insignificant, although they gave 800 rubles in September and October. income, should, in the opinion of the Board and on the recall of the sister of mercy EK Mayer, significantly increase in number, after the House of industriousness acquired greater fame among the administrations of prisons, hospitals, mines, etc.

Sister Mayer, with the assistance of local officials who offered their services, organizes folk readings with humane paintings in the House on Sundays, a gramophone and checkers are purchased. These readings are very readily attended not only by the workers of the House of Industriousness, but also by many of the inhabitants of the post of Aleksandrovsky. In addition to Sunday readings, evening literacy classes are organized at the House (3 times a week).

Since most of the workers who found employment in the House belong to the homeless and huddle in all kinds of brothels, where there can be no question of observing any hygienic conditions, some of the workers were placed in a bathhouse of one of the rented houses adapted for habitation. Over time, an overnight shelter will be established at the House.

In view of the extreme need for a referral office that would serve as an intermediary between employers and workers, it was proposed to open one in the city of Nikolaevsk, where every year, upon the opening of navigation, a significant number of job seekers accumulate, and employers, taking advantage of the servitude of many exiles, exploit their labor until extreme limits.

From the foregoing it can be seen that already the six-month existence of the House of industriousness under consideration has proved the extreme necessity of this institution on Sakhalin and that its activity should develop in the shortest time to a very significant size. The Committee of Trusteeship of Diligence Houses and Workhouses, which allocated to it at the beginning of this year, according to the All-Mercifully approved by Her Majesty Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna's magazine decree, a non-refundable allowance of 10,000 rubles, did not fail to come to help this young and so attractive labor aid institution. for the construction of your own building and 5,000 rubles. in a working capital education loan of a house of industriousness.

The need for a house of industriousness in Czestochowa was explained by its founders, on the one hand, by the fact that in Czestochowa, as a large factory town, a mass of working people - men and women - many of whom remain. positively without a piece of bread and are forced to earn their living by begging and other reprehensible means. For the delivery of temporary earnings to the aforementioned persons, the projected labor assistance institution is intended, which will be under the jurisdiction of the House of Labor and Workhouse Trusteeship. On the other hand, the need for the mentioned institution is motivated by a very important indication that the house of industriousness in the named city can serve to prevent all kinds of social democratic doctrines, which are spread in Czestochowa, as a border city, by workers coming from Prussia and Austria. The proletariat is especially sympathetic to the extremes of the teachings that have been said, in whose midst an element is created that is politically unreliable. The house of industriousness in a given locality, providing shelter and sustenance to the poor and thereby reducing the number of those suffering from unemployment, will undoubtedly be an institution that will help to curb the spread of the mentioned harmful teachings.

House of industriousness in the village. Noble Tereshka, Khvalynsky district, opened with private funds collected by subscription. In it matting and coolies for bark are made. Under the guidance of two craftsmen, in 1901 14 teenagers from local residents aged from 12 to 16 years old were engaged in weaving matting there. In the absence of handicraft and factory trades among the local population, which could provide any assistance in the economy, the consolidation of the existence of the House of Industriousness in the named village is highly desirable.

Menzelinsky, Ufa province, the house of industriousness was opened by the local society for the benefit of the poor in 1900, but the first information about it was delivered by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, 1 of which is in charge of the aforementioned society, only at the end of January of the reporting year. The House of Diligence in Menzelinsk is, in fact, insignificant in terms of the number of boys cared for in it (only 5 in 1900), a teaching and demonstration workshop. In it, to teach local residents useful skills in their everyday life, weaving of sarpinki on an airplane loom, weaving of carpets, matting, weaving of napkins was organized, works from white and black tin were organized, and, in addition, the Board of the society proposed to introduce joinery and locksmith skills.

The Annunciation House of Diligence in St. Petersburg aims to provide assistance and shelter to disadvantaged women and girls by training them as scientists and sisters of mercy.

The rules of the 1st House of Diligence for Women in St. Petersburg, established by the Krestov Charitable Society, were approved at the end of the reporting year. This institution has outlined the general tasks pursued by the houses of industriousness.

The statutes of the rest of the houses of industriousness expected to be opened are being worked out by the founders of these.

Following the example of the past years, the Committee of Trusteeship of Diligent Houses and Workhouses and its bodies took in 1901 a number of measures that served to develop and strengthen the activities of industrious houses.

So, some institutions, according to the most mercifully approved journal decisions of the Committee, were released from the funds of the Trusteeship of benefits and loans; other institutions have converted previously issued loans into irrecoverable benefits, while others have paid such loans in installments. From the first group of labor assistance institutions, 1550 rubles were allocated to the Guardianship Society for the house of industriousness in the city of Yamburg for setting up a bath, laundry and disinfection chamber, the Laishevsky Guardian Society for the house of hard work for the needs of the weaving workshop maintained by this society, 413 rubles, for the Kiev House of Labor for expansion of the building occupied by him 10,000 rubles., Dvinsky house for the acquisition of the estate 1200 rubles., house of diligence in the village. Isaklakh for the expansion of the activities of this institution 1000 rubles., For the house of industriousness in the city of Khvalynsk, Saratov province, for the same subject 800 rubles. and according to the will of Nelelenova issued to the III house of industriousness of the St. Petersburg metropolitan trusteeship society about the houses of industriousness - 7967 rubles. 67 V 2 kopecks, so that this amount was turned into the inviolable capital of this institution and that the annual interest from it would go to the current expenses of the house. From the second group of institutions, loans were turned into irrecoverable benefits: the Oryol House of Industriousness (3000 rubles), the Volsky Society (3000 rubles) and the Saratov Guardian Society of the House of Industriousness from the issued to the society in the amount of 9000 rubles. loans credited 2500 rubles. In irrevocable benefit and deferred repayment of the rest of the loan in 6500 rubles. for three years, that is, until 1904. In addition, the payment of loans issued to the Vitebsk House of Industriousness in the amount of 2,500 rubles has been extended for 10 years. and the Radom Charitable Society in 5000 rubles.

Finally, regarding the particularly successful activities of the boards and individuals who served for the benefit of the houses of industriousness, the Committee brought it to the attention of Her Majesty Empress Alexandra Feodorovna in the journals of meetings, and the Most August Patroness of the Guardianship of the houses of industriousness and workhouses in all kindness deigned to announce Her complete Majesties of satisfaction to the Council of the Rostov-on-Don house of industriousness named after P.R. Maksimov, the Board of the Kiev House of Labor, the leaders of the Odessa House of Labor, and Mrs. Gorbova, the head of the house of hard work she built in Moscow. In addition, Her Imperial Majesty was pleased to deign to declare gratitude on behalf of Her Majesty to Mr. Konstantinovsky for his fruitful work for the benefit of the Pskov house of industriousness.

Orphanages of hard work

There were only ten purely orphanages of industriousness. Among them, two operated in villages, two in county towns, and the rest in provincial towns and capitals.

One of the largest institutions of this kind is the Galernaya Gavan 'house of industriousness for teenage boys in St. Petersburg. It employs 70-80 children between the ages of 12 and 15, distributed among workshops: shoemaking, carpentry, bookbinding and locksmithing. The latter is now closed. The most diligent and skillful boys receive a wage of 3 to 5 kopecks. per day, but the money earned is handed out to the children only when they finally leave the House of Diligence.

The orphanage for industriousness in Riga is also relatively large, in which over 60 girls were cared for. The wages in this institution are set only from the 2nd and 3rd year of the girls visiting the house of industriousness and, in general, is also small.

The house of industriousness in Kherson, maintained by a local charitable society, is almost the same in size. It consists of a school, workshops and a boarding school, where up to 30 boys live.

From the data on the orphanages of industriousness, it is seen that their type can hardly be considered established. In theory, this is an open (without a boarding school) institution designed primarily to provide income for children, when, instead of studying, they are forced to earn a living by the labor of their hands.

In fact, it turned out that many orphanages of industriousness turn, on the one hand, to closed institutions, thereby approaching orphanages, and, on the other, to institutions for vocational training, reminding the organization of their educational demonstration workshops. Providing the hardworking ones in orphanages with little or no earnings, these institutions do not achieve their goal in this respect and, under the influence of living conditions, develop into institutions of a completely different, in turn, very useful type. It is very likely that in the near future the orphanages of industriousness will retain only their name, but in reality they will turn to orphanages and workshops.

Nursery, day shelters and nursery shelters

These institutions were intended not only for the care of children, but also for the release of parents from caring for them in order to be able to relate exclusively to work without hindrance, at a time when work reaches its highest stress (for example, during a difficult time in the villages), and therefore, in in turn, can be viewed as institutions of direct labor charity.

The nurseries run by the Guardianship contain, firstly, societies and circles established mainly for the maintenance of other institutions, for example, educational workshops, orphanages, etc .; secondly, societies and circles specially organized for the establishment of nurseries; thirdly, zemstvo institutions, using subsidies from the Committee for this purpose, and, fourthly, individuals.

Societies and institutions that open creches as auxiliary institutions submit information about them, together with reports on their contents, to the main institutions.

Societies and circles specially established for the maintenance of nurseries draw up reports on the forms drawn up for them, which are annually sent to them by the Office of the Committee. There were 11 such societies and circles in the reporting year, of which 3 in cities (Simferopol, Akkerman and Syzran) and 8 in villages and villages. One of the county societies (Birsk) opened 6 crèches in the reporting year, the other (Menzelinskoe) - 5, the third (Nikolaevskoe) - 3, and the rest one by one, with the exception of the Buguruslansky Trust for crèches, which in 1901 did not open a crèche at all.

From the zemstvos, with the benefit of the Guardianship, the nursery in 1901 was maintained by the Malmyzhsky, Vyatka provinces, and the district zemstvo. For the 400 rubles allocated by the Committee. the named zemstvo opened a day nursery, which functioned during the summer in 6 locations.

As for the crèches opened under the jurisdiction of the Trusteeship by private individuals, there were 22 of them in the reporting year. Of these, 3 were maintained exclusively at the expense of private individuals who donated a total of 200 rubles to the crèche. 68 kopecks The remaining 19 nurseries were supported by private individuals who donated a total of 581 rubles. 39 kopecks, and for the allowances issued by the Trusteeship of the Houses of Industriousness and Workhouses in the amount of 1925 rubles. 2 kopecks (including 156 rubles 46 kopecks remaining after the closure of the nursery in the summer of 1900).

Each of the 19 managers of the nursery, who had general supervision over them, received for the entire period of operation of the nursery, about 13 rubles. 50 kopecks; each of the 41 nannies received about 6 rubles for the same time. 50 kopecks And each of the 23 cooks - about 5 rubles.

The nursery was housed in one or two rooms, which were allocated free of charge in zemstvo, parochial schools or schools of the Ministry of Public Education; where there were no schools, a hut was hired for the nursery or a barn was built; about 4 rubles were paid for renting premises in peasant huts. during the operation of the nursery.

The cost of food for children and employees in each orphanage-crèche averaged 44 rubles. 71 kopecks, including donated products; the total expense for each nursery shelter (with donated food) was equal to 88 rubles. 70 kopecks. The total expenditure per child per day was 10 kopecks, while food for each child was equal to 5 kopecks.

The required number of nannies for a given number of children cannot be established on the basis of average estimates for the nursery, because, as can be seen from the data for individual nurseries, there were cases when salaries were given to 4 nannies who had care for 11 children (v. B. Glushitsy, Nikolaevsky district of the Samara province), but there were also such cases when only 1 nanny was hired for 56 children (the village of Kamennaya Sarma, Nikolaevsky district of the Samara province). Approximately, we can say that one nanny can cope with 20 or even 30 children, in the latter case, of course, provided that older children are involved in caring for the younger children.

As in 1900, there were no crèches proper, that is, institutions for babies. There were either day shelters for children from 2 to 10 years old, or crèches-shelters, that is, mixed institutions for both the aforementioned children and infants.

Educational and correctional labor assistance institutions

Houses of hard work with an educational and correctional character

Among these, the most attention is paid to the Evangelical House of Diligence in St. Petersburg and the House of Diligence in Tver, then the Moscow and Mitavsky workhouses.

Workers voluntarily enter the Evangelical House of Diligence, but the condition for entering the house (with a boarding school) is compliance with a fairly strict regime, reminiscent of the regime of a medical institution. For alcoholics, for whom this regime is insufficient, there is a special hospital in Terioki. He has his own house worth over 50,000 rubles and over 7,000 rubles. in Terijoki. Annual income of 15 600 rubles, expenses in approximately the same amount. Contained in the year 326 men and in the department for the elderly 25. The size of the annual production is about 10,000 rubles, for which amount the products are sold, raw material is purchased for the amount of about 6,000 rubles. It employs 75 people, about 25,000 working days.

At the opening of the Tver House of Industriousness, the head of the local charitable society “Dobrohotnaya Kopeyka” aimed to eradicate or weaken begging in the city of Tver, as a result of which various measures were designed in agreement with the governor. It was planned to establish in the city police department a registration of persons detained for begging, of whom those with residence permits should be sent to their places of registration, and those who do not have to be treated like vagrants; urban beggars, capable of work, to transfer to the council of the Society for placement in the house of industriousness; the local governor expressed his readiness to assist in the establishment of an almshouse by the Tver bourgeois Society for the Tver bourgeois who are incapable of work, engaged in begging; the detention of the beggars was supposed to be carried out not in the center of the city and not on church porches, and this measure should not be carried out suddenly, but on its outskirts, so as not to cause any disturbances on the part of the beggars; it was planned to ask the residents of Tver to stop the manual distribution of alms and instead of this distribution to contribute a certain amount of money to the Society's cash desk for the maintenance of the house of industriousness. These measures were introduced too hesitantly and did not meet the expected sympathy from the residents of Tver. The house of industriousness was attended almost exclusively by persons detained by the police for begging or beggars who did not have clothes for the winter.

Since March 1895, the named Society, recognizing that the purpose of the House of Industriousness is not so much to eradicate begging as to warn it that the House of Industriousness should provide urgent, if possible, short-term assistance to the disadvantaged, released from hospitals, released from prison, to those who arrived in the city of Tver and who did not find a place for themselves, the residents of the city of Tver, who have no earnings, and generally fell into poverty, by providing them with work and shelter, until a more durable arrangement of their fate, took measures to attract such persons to the house of industriousness ... To accomplish this, the latter was divided into two departments: in one of them, different workshops were opened, master-leaders were invited, and persons who were not engaged in begging, or, although they were engaged, but for a short time and who expressed a desire to leave this profession, were admitted to this department. ; the second department admitted professional beggars and persons whose moral stability seemed doubtful; at the same time, some of the second department, in the case of a desire to start a working life and study the craft and with completely moral behavior while in the second department, were transferred to the first. Particular attention was paid to the persons of the second department who have not reached the age of majority, who, if they wish, are transferred to workshops and learn the craft. Simultaneously with the arrangement of workshops, a special building was built for the shelter. An overnight shelter for newcomers was transferred to the new building, and for those living in the House of Industriousness in this latter, special rooms were allocated for overnight, and in them, just like during work, the people in attendance were placed in groups, depending on age, moral qualities and partly by origin and former profession.

Workshops are organized in the House of Industriousness: carpentry, metalwork and blacksmith, shoemaker, tailor, sewing, suitcase binder, weaving of baskets, carpets, straw products, filling of rubber galoshes, gluing paper bags, cardboard boxes, plucking shingles, feathers, containers, washcloths, ropes and hair, dyeing, painting and painting, ash sifting, all kinds of work for laborers; in addition, in the event that persons familiar with a particular craft enter the House of Industriousness, the Society will seek for them a job corresponding to this craft. For all these crafts in the House of Industriousness, orders are executed, and if they are not available, products are made for the store in the House of Industriousness. Both foremen and workers are allowed to go home to fulfill orders in their specialties, as well as for chopping firewood, cleaning yards from snow and debris, carrying things, unloading boats, doing earthworks, etc. Due to the fact that most artisans and those studying in the house of industriousness, joinery and locksmith's craft, go to places in a carriage plant or factories near Tver, where all machines are set in motion by electricity or steam power, a kerosene engine is started in the house of industriousness, with the help of which some machines - drilling, turning, band saw and so on - are set in motion in order to train workers in this way to handle tools set in motion by mechanical force.

The Mitava House of Diligence largely implements the idea of ​​the German workers' colonies. In his use is the estate "Shtathof", set aside by the city of Mitavoy at a distance of half a verst from it (on a long-term basis), in which there are about 1000 dessiatines. Of this number, only 10 acres are cultivated by the priest, and the rest of the space is rented out on small plots. The general impression made by Stathoff is quite favorable: here there is both order and discipline in a religious and moral spirit, and at the same time a loving attitude towards people who are often, through no fault of their own, involved in an abnormal lifestyle and have avoided a common work path. During 1901, up to 52 people stayed in the house. In general, the type of people who visit Shtathof are workers with weakened ability to work for some reason (including alcoholics, or pure alcoholics, or a special type of psychopaths, so successfully described in the article by P.I.Kovalevsky "The poor in spirit" // Labor assistance , September 1901), a type of vagrancy ailment-obsessed.

His income is over 9000 rubles, including from works that are considered to be over 7000 rubles. Consumption over 11,000 rubles. for the maintenance of the building and administration, including up to 3000 rubles. and for a wage over 500 rubles. 148 persons live in the institution. In workshops, work is carried out only during free time from agricultural work and in the wood yard. If we exclude the operations of the wood yard, then the cost of production is insignificant (hardly more than 500 rubles).

The Moscow Workhouse, the only one fully realizing the idea of ​​forced labor, was established in 1837 to engage the poor in work and to provide earnings to those who voluntarily turn to it for help. Until the end of 1893, the Workhouse was under the jurisdiction of the Committee for the Analysis of Begging for Alms and was a relatively small institution, the organization of which was little consistent with its name and purpose; from the end of 1893 it was transferred to the jurisdiction of the city public administration. The latter took great care in organizing various works for the inmates, allowed a wide recruitment of volunteers, which had hardly been practiced before, and significantly expanded the premises of the institution. At present, the Workhouse consists of two parts, one of which occupies the old premises in the central part of the city, and the other is located in Sokolniki in new premises acquired and adapted for the Workhouse by the city. In terms of the composition of those in attendance, the Workhouse is a complex institution, consisting of: 1) a prefabricated department for the maintenance of persons brought in by the police for begging for alms, until their cases are examined by the city presence;

• 2) offices for persons held for begging;
• 3) offices for volunteers. In addition, at the Workhouse there are: departments for children and adolescents and a department for the disabled. All those who are called up receive full allowances in the Workhouse. During 1900, an average of 1,434 people were kept in the workhouse for every day of the year, including 960 people capable of work. The work organized by the Workhouse is divided into 4 categories: external work, construction work, work in workshops and work for the needs of the house. Workshops in the Workhouse of two kinds: 1) craft workshops, which include blacksmithing, locksmithing, carpentry, shoemaking, bookbinding, wallpaper, saddlery, tailoring, 2) workshops for general production that do not require professional training, which are: box, hook, button, envelope , package and basket-linen. In addition, a training basket and furniture workshop has been set up for teenagers in the Workhouse.

The cost of maintaining a workhouse in 1900 was expressed in the amount of 171,342 rubles, not counting the cost of materials for the work. Income from work extended to 564,552 rubles, including from external work 72,608 rubles, from works in workshops 73,049 rubles, from construction and asphalt works 413,442 rubles. and from work for the needs of the institution 5453 rubles. From the total amount of income from work 48,717 rubles. handed over to the suspects in the form of earnings, 70 696 rubles. remained in favor of the workhouse, and the remainder went to cover material and overhead costs.

The aforementioned houses of industriousness and workhouses give a more or less definite expression of the idea of ​​corrective upbringing, which is the basis of their institution. But besides them, there are also several smaller houses, in which this idea is not so clearly expressed, but which, in turn, strive to organize their lives in the sense of educational and corrective.

Artel of labor assistance

The Yaroslavl Society, which has established the only labor assistance artel in Russia, by the nature of the tasks it pursues, is, as it were, called upon to replenish the activities of the houses of industriousness that are not pursuing educational and correctional tasks in relation to the category of persons for whom the assistance of these institutions cannot be exhaustive.

As can be seen from the practice of such houses of industriousness, a rather significant contingent of those who go without means of subsistence is not due to the conditions of the social system, that is, the excess of the supply of labor over its demand, but due to their own moral weakness.

This is a free, walking people, known as tramps, zolototots, zimogors, etc., who lives for a minute and sees the purpose of his life only in acquiring money for vodka.

The composition of this relatively large group of people is extremely diverse. Among the tramps one can find landless peasants and workers, and, finally, quite intelligent individuals.

Temporary material assistance rendered to such persons, outside the systematic moral influence on them, does not achieve its goal, since, using the help provided to him, the tramp will drink everything that he has and will still remain a beggar.

The houses of industriousness of the prevailing type, to which the persons in question mainly turn, are unable to extract them out of poverty, mainly for the following reasons.

Dealing with a large group of people, very heterogeneous in their composition and knowledge, these institutions, naturally, cannot pay special attention to the quality of the work they organize and, by necessity, focus this exclusively on providing earnings to the largest possible number of people looking for it, which in in turn, of course, is achievable only with the introduction of public works that do not require any special knowledge and skills, or a relatively long stay in the institution. The latter, moreover, would contradict the purpose of the houses of industriousness - to provide only temporary assistance to persons who have remained without earnings for accidental reasons.

The consequence of this peculiarity of staging work in industrious houses, which is reduced mainly to plucking bast, gluing boxes, sorting waste, etc., which is not very instructive, is the extreme unproductiveness of this work, both in real and figurative sense. On the one hand, he is poorly paid, and on the other, he is completely devoid of that educational element, with which work can have a beneficial effect on the moral side of a person. Thus, if the activities of the houses of industriousness, which do not set themselves a specially educational purpose, is necessary and useful for the many poor people who have been left without work, who really need only temporary help, then it should be considered as little appropriate in relation to that group of disadvantaged people who require no only providing them with work, but also moral support and guardianship.

The device for them of specially educational and correctional houses of industriousness is not always achievable, first of all, because of their complexity and high cost. In view of this, in order to carry out the cause of moral support and guardianship of people who have already fallen, it is sometimes necessary to look for other ways.

This is precisely the task that the Yaroslavl Labor Aid Society took upon itself.

A feature of the activities of the Society in question is the organization of artels from persons who are physically quite capable of work, due to their own weakness, lack of will and inclination to drunkenness, out of their rut.

Adults are accepted into the artel, able-bodied people and promising to completely obey the orders of the administration. The artel workers receive food and are obliged to go to all the work that is mined for them. Withholding from the earnings: 10% for the expenses of the Society, the cost of food, the cost of clothing supplied to them in case of need, and money sent by some to their homeland. The remainder is handed over to the artels after 3 months. This 3-month period, which is obligatory for staying in an artel, is one of the features of its structure and is explained by the fact that three months of a correct working life with good nutrition and no drunkenness give more chances for correcting a drunkard and a sloth than a shorter period. However, it should be noted that weekly on Saturdays, artel workers are given 10% of their weekly earnings for tobacco and other minor expenses.

For the premises of the artel, spacious wooden barracks were built. The crewmen sleep on bunks, moreover, they are located spaciously; they dine there and then and there are educational, scientific and religious readings for them in the evenings, to which the special attention of the Society is paid.

There is a doctor and a home first aid kit for patients' use. People who do not go to work without a legitimate reason and generally do not obey the orders of the administration are immediately excluded from the artel, and, however, the remainder of their earnings due to them is issued only after the contractual period of three months has expired.

Each artel worker has in his hands a "contract and settlement book", in which his earnings and expenses made for him are entered on a daily basis. In addition, the rules of the artel are posted in the barracks. The closest supervision over the artel is the headman, who is hired by the board of the Society from outside the artel of people. In the barracks of the artel, a table of food supplies is posted, relied on each day of the week with the calculation of the quantity per person. Regardless of when the artel workers work away from the barracks, they are given 10 kopecks for breakfast every day. for everyone. Particular attention has been paid to good and abundant food, since, judging by experience, good food is the best way to combat alcoholism. The artels themselves control the quantity and quality of supplies and hire a cook.

This right of control and especially hiring is extremely beneficial for the artel workers, raising their self-esteem.

The work performed by the artel is different: these are, for example, unloading ships and wagons, sawing firewood, excavating, carrying and transporting heavy loads, etc.

There is usually no shortage of named jobs, since employers willingly invite artel workers already in view of the fact that they do not have to recruit workers by man, but immediately and quickly receive a whole batch, without being forced to dress up with each separately.

From the above brief data on the Yaroslavl Labor Aid Society, it can be seen that, due to the peculiarities of the cooperatives organized by it, the contingent of persons protected by the Society does not live on charity funds, but on their own earnings. This is a very important condition that raises a disadvantaged person in his own eyes and morally uplifts him. The very issuance of a workbook to each artel worker, the recognition, so to speak, of the rights of a worker, has an important educational value, giving him the opportunity to look at himself not as an unworthy waste of humanity, but already as a worker, and, moreover, a person equal with other artel workers. ... Most of the artel workers, imbued with the conviction that they live on the funds earned by the artel labor, are ashamed to be backsliders with their own comrades and try to work hard. And while earning money by hard work, the artel workers begin to value labor money, and, moreover, they gradually develop frugality and competition with their comrades in order to save more money - especially since the workbooks clearly show how little by little, but neatly, the amount of each artel increases earnings.

From September 1901, for several months, 109 people stayed in the artel, many of whom, having dressed with the assistance of the artel, went to places on a salary, while others returned to their homeland. Most worked and consisted of artel workers for 3-4 months. The number of artel workers, of course, fluctuates significantly depending on the season: in summer and spring, when there is a great demand for workers everywhere, there are fewer artel workers, but in winter and autumn the set in the artel is full.

The wages of artel workers, depending on the season, are from 45 kopecks. up to 1 rub. and even more per day; on average, the usual earnings of the artel is 60 kopecks. per day, or, minus days off and unemployed, 10-12 rubles. per month.

Holginskiy and other orphanages of hard work

In the reporting year, 43 such shelters were run by the Trusteeship, including 5 in capitals, 6 in provincial cities, 19 in county towns and 13 in villages.

The largest of these orphanages must be recognized as the St. Petersburg Olginsky orphanage of industriousness in Tsarskoy Slavyanka, supported by His Imperial Majesty the Sovereign Emperor's own funds.

This orphanage was the prototype of the Olga's orphanages in Russia. The regulations about it were approved by the Highest on January 31, 1896. The buildings were built in 1897-1898. with funds most graciously granted by His Imperial Majesty the Sovereign Emperor.

52 dessiatines have been allocated for the shelter. 1621 sq. soot .; the buildings are designed for 200 children of both sexes aged 6-15 years, left in the capital without supervision or shelter.

The orphanage is a large, complex institution with a church, general education and craft classes, an agricultural farm, a hospital, a boarding school, and a kitchen. The number of buildings (24) was determined by the decision to place the caretakers according to the so-called family system, that is, several persons, led by their teacher, in each separate house, as well as by the needs of various departments of the orphanage. 140 boys to be called in are accommodated in six separate houses, each of which is a general education school with a program of public schools. The women's department of 50 girls and the minors with 32 inmates of both sexes make up two more schools. In addition to general education subjects, in the workshops of the orphanages, joinery, locksmithing, shoemaking and tailoring are taught for boys (the tailoring workshop, as it is harmful to the health of children, is supposed to be closed). Boys are also trained in ordinary agricultural work in the field, vegetable garden, barnyard, when threshing bread, etc. in the kitchen of the women's section, in the laundry, ironing and dairy. The Shelter Hospital, run by a female doctor, not only meets the needs of the shelter, but also provides assistance to the local department; the hospital has an outpatient appointment for outsiders who made 2,922 visits in 1900.

The cost of buildings is 182,221 rubles. The shelter has an income of 4,745 rubles. from the farm and 2071 rubles. from the labors' works. The total expense is 58,470 rubles, of which 38,928 rubles. for the maintenance of buildings and administration. Food for one person in attendance costs 54 rubles a year. 90 kopecks, clothes and shoes - 17 rubles. The number of days spent 81 252 and working days 42 075.

According to the type of this shelter, others arose, although with less funds, as a result of which they could not implement, for example, a family (in separate houses) charity system. Nevertheless, many of these shelters deserve full attention, both in terms of the organization of the case and in their size.

Among such larger shelters, Kazansky should be noted, first of all.

This orphanage was opened in 1892 under the name “School of children's hard work”, but in 1900 it was renamed into the Olginsky orphanage, with the approval of the corresponding charter. On the allowance of 10,000 rubles received from the Committee of Trusteeship of the Houses of Diligence. a house was purchased, which is currently being renovated.

The institution is designed for 100 people, in 1900 there were 15 living and 8 6 visitors. The company has a capital of 32,662 rubles. and has an income of 9395 rubles, including 568 rubles. from the labors' works. The annual expense is 6,907 rubles, including 3,914 rubles for the maintenance and hiring of the building and the administration, and 280 rubles for materials and tools. Food per pupil costs 72 rubles a year, and clothes 3 rubles. 68 kopecks, not counting donations. Works - joinery, turning, bookbinding, tailoring, wire, shoe, and for girls - needlework.

Also noteworthy is the Yelets orphanage for girls. He owns real estate in the amount of 25,000 rubles. The annual income is 14142 rubles, including 1086 rubles from the planned work, the expense is 8673 rubles, including 1606 rubles for the maintenance of the building and the administration. and for material and tools 668 rubles. Children's food costs 22 rubles. 18 kopecks and clothes 5 rubles. 91 kopecks Permanently living children 65. Departments of crafts: sewing, hosiery, sewing, ironing, blanket, lace, carpet.

The data on the Omsk shelter are very interesting.

At the end of 1891 and at the beginning of 1892, there was an intensified movement of peasant migrants from the inner provinces of Russia to Siberia, caused by the lack of crops of the previous two years and the almost widespread crop failure in Russia. In this difficult time, several thousand peasants appeared in the city of Omsk, who even here found themselves far from favorable conditions, since they met the same shortage of food in Siberia and the districts of the Akmola region. Despite all the measures taken to alleviate the fate of the starving aliens - in the form of the arrangement of shelters and free canteens - soon infectious diseases and mainly typhoid spread among them, as a result of which many peasant families ended up with orphaned children, literally left without shelter, clothes and food, to the mercy of fate. The wife of the military governor of the Akmola region, E.A. Sannikova, took care of the arrangement and care of these orphans, on whose initiative a shelter was organized in the premises of the free canteen of the Red Cross. This orphanage was originally intended to provide charity only to orphans of migrant peasants, and only with the further existence was it forced to open its doors for orphans of other classes, for foundlings and, finally, for those young children whose parents are serving sentences in Omsk and other prison castles ( since the stay of innocent children in a prison environment cannot be considered convenient).

When it opened on May 1, 1892, the orphanage had absolutely no money and at first it existed on the remnants of the amounts allocated for the maintenance of the starving migrants. But then donations appeared, of which 6500 rubles were received in the first year. This year there were up to 40 people in the shelter; their maintenance cost 1,425 rubles, so the amount of more than 5,000 rubles remained free. The following year, 5309 rubles were received at the shelter's cashier. With the remainder of the previous year, the orphanage in the second year already had an amount of up to 10,500 rubles, which gave the administration the opportunity to take care of setting up a more convenient premises, instead of hired ones. In the place where the orphanage is now, there was a once dilapidated, almost uninhabited wooden building of the clerk's school of the Ministry of State Property. At the request of the Governor General of the Steppe, this building was ceded as an orphanage, and in 1893 it was completely redone, which cost the orphanage 7297 rubles. In the following years, up to 4000 rubles were spent on repairs and extensions. At present, the total cost of the shelter with all the buildings and other household equipment is estimated at more than 16,000 rubles.

In 1896 the State Secretary A. N. Kulomzin visited the orphanage. Having personally familiarized himself with the organization of the shelter and wishing to come to his aid, he, firstly, applied for an annual leave to maintain the shelter for 1000 rubles. from the subsidiary funds of the Committee of the Siberian Railway and, secondly, in order to put the orphanage in a more solid and definite position, he proposed that it be placed under the jurisdiction of the Trusteeship of the Houses of Diligence and Workhouses, which is under the August Patronage of Her Imperial Majesty Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. As a result of this, a special charter of the Guardian Society about the Olginsky orphanage for orphans in the city of Omsk was developed, which charter has already been approved; On July 11, 1900, on the day of the celebration of St. Olga, the official opening of the Olginsky orphanage took place, called, according to the new charter, to a wider organization of labor assistance on the basis of amateur performance.

Currently, there are 80 children in the shelter, including 26 boys and 54 girls between the ages of 3 and 17. The reserve capital of the shelter reaches 13,574 rubles.

The leaders of this institution believe that the task of each orphanage is not so much charitable as educational. The result of charity, as you know, is productive only if and under the condition that a useful and honest worker is developed from the child being looked after, and when a pet who has left the orphanage can earn a livelihood by independent labor. Therefore, the administration of the orphanage constantly strove to ensure that, along with religious and moral education and upbringing and teaching children to read and write, to teach children to some useful skill.

There are so many homeless people in Moscow! They wander around the center, spend the night at train stations, ask for alms from churches ... We either turn away in disgust, or stick a coin; it happens that we call Sotspatrol in winter if it seems that a person is about to freeze on the street. But more often we are indignant: that they beg - they would go to work!

Good idea. But can a homeless-passportless-undocumented get a job? That's it ... And sometimes it doesn't want to, because lately there are social services, and volunteers who will feed, warm, wash, give out new clothes - and you can return to the street again, to the already familiar homeless life and drinking companions.

Emilian Sosinsky, a parishioner of the Temple of Cosmas and Damian in Shubin, at first also participated in feeding, dressing and treating the homeless, but soon realized that this was not enough.

« This does not solve the problems of the homeless: for many of them, constant handouts are simply harmful - people get used to their position and no longer want to return to their normal working life.", He says.

How can you really help? The answer to this question was the appearance in 2011 of the first shelter, the House of industriousness "Noah". The parishioners who supported this idea helped to raise funds to rent the first cottage in the Moscow region.

Emilianov's "ark" was open to everyone who found themselves in a difficult life situation. The homeless were provided with housing, food, social and legal assistance, subject to two main conditions: to work and not to drink.

Let's leave aside all the trials that Emilian faced on this path: the claims of the police with the Federal Migration Service, the courts, and crooks-employers ... In 3.5 years, 8 labor houses were created, in which about 400 people live and work.

But Emilian does not consider "Noah" his know-how: more than a hundred years ago, this model of caring for the homeless was implemented by St. righteous John of Kronstadt - his House of Diligence saved people "from laziness, idleness, apathy, parasitism." The "Noyans" try to follow in his footsteps: they live by the rules, which are based on the Gospel.

« If any of our rules does not correspond to the Gospel, we must cancel or change this rule. The main thing is that you cannot put a full stop on a person.», – says Emilian. And they don't put it: if someone has to be kicked out for drunkenness or parasitism, then, having repented of their deeds, a person can return, and even more than once, but subject to the conditions prescribed in the rules.

The principles of St. John of Kronstadt are a guideline for "Noah", but time makes its own adjustments to the "economy" of labor houses. Large donations from all over Russia were sent to the well-known pastor on his charges, and the inhabitants of "Noah" live at their own expense - about half of their earnings go to the organization's statutory goals (renting houses, food, doctors, social workers, lawyers), the other half is their legal the salary.

Someone lists her at home; someone is trying to buy a "standard set" of a person recovering from alcoholism: clothes, a telephone, a laptop – to search on the Internet for options to continue their independent life that has begun; someone improves their health, starting, as a rule, with false jaws ...

When things were going well for "Noah" - there was ancillary work on construction sites, for which they regularly paid - they managed to accumulate a "stabilization fund". The leaders of the houses of hard work (and these are not employees hired from outside, but well-established, responsible former homeless people) jointly decided what to do with this small, but still state: to arrange more comfortable living conditions inside the houses? Get some transport? Invest somewhere to generate income?

But behind the threshold of labor houses stood those who could no longer work on construction sites - homeless old people, women with children, disabled people - and asked to take them from the streets too. Some, of course, were taken: in each labor house, about 25% of the inhabitants are those who cannot do heavy physical labor, but can cook food, run the house, keep order.

« We have always been burdened by the fact that we cannot take more - this will undermine the self-financing of the working house. With a constant sense of guilt, the majority had to refuse. You only know how hard it is to say “no” to a person when he asks for a chance to lead a normal life. And what is it like to refuse a mother with a child! ..- says Emilian. - And we decided to use the saved up money to arrange a separate social house for them.».

His assistant, one of the "veterans" of "Noah" Igor Petrov, believes that the organization of such a social home has become a real miracle:

« Think about it: people not only scramble out themselves, start a normal working life, but they can also afford to help those who are even worse, completely helpless. This is a completely different sense of self! There is a famous prayer: "Lord, when I feel really bad, send me the one who is even worse." So we did it».

And it really worked! In July 2014, two cottages with a garden plot were rented in the Moscow region, which could accommodate 100 people. The guests were not long in coming - they found a house here, food, clothes and work that is feasible for everyone with a small but salary.

It’s just right to be surprised: do they also pay their salaries? Aren't old people entitled to a pension from the state? Yes, but they must at least have a passport and residence permit. Isn't it possible to arrange a lonely old man or a disabled person in a nursing home? As much as possible, but only if he "wins the competition" out of 38 of the same, only with documents.

According to Emilian, the possibilities of social care in most regions of Russia are about 30 times less than the needs: it is good if funds are allocated for 30 homeless old people's places in the whole region. The same is the case with places for women with children, and with receiving child benefits.

And in "Noah" there is a general rule: if a resident did not violate discipline for a month, a social worker helps him to restore his passport, and after that - get the required policies and start drawing up social benefits.

In general, a lot is happening in the social home, life is in full swing here. Lyuba is the mother of baby Olenka the other day received a marriage proposal from one of the residents of the shelter (by the way, over the years of the existence of "Noah" 16 weddings were played between its inhabitants).

A resident with two children testifies to a radical change in thinking: before, she says, any problem plunged her into a binge; now, in “Noah,” she realized that “if God sends difficulties, then it is necessary for me, I have to go through them,” and does not drink ...

Inhabitants of the shelter

Here, while undergoing rehabilitation after being released from prison, you can get a new specialty: the head of the social home, Aleksey, set up a small farm (chickens, goats, several pigs), and Maxim learned the basics of rabbit breeding - now he knows how to get 6 times from 28 rabbits donated to the shelter more offspring.

An elderly nuclear engineer Viktor is mastering the specialty of an accountant, but he does not give up hope of returning to his basic profession. The formerly successful director Anatoly leads a small artel for the production of cemetery wreaths - any work in the orphanage is welcome, and Anatoly, with sad self-irony, says that his current situation has helped him to rethink a lot in life.

Reconsidering, reevaluating - life circumstances also help in this, and, quite purposefully, Father Dimitri is a young priest who not only invites residents of a social shelter to a nearby church, but also conducts weekly catechism talks with them.

As the residents of the shelter admitted, the priest inspires trust and interest, he speaks so sincerely that it is hard not to believe him. In addition, you can ask him any questions. In all the houses of "Noah" many for the first time get acquainted with the Gospel, with spiritual and church life, and are baptized.

When you visit this forest "sanatorium", you will have a talk with its inhabitants, you want to talk about it in the most enthusiastic tones. Moreover, the residents themselves say: “It's just paradise here! If it weren't for Noah, we wouldn't be alive anymore. " They have something to compare with: many of them suffered a lot on the street, and then they also visited organizations where homeless people are used as slaves and where else try to break out ...

Noah's house of industriousness

A digression on organizations that deal with the homeless

These organizations can be roughly divided into 4 types:

1. Charitable : shelters, tents and points of distribution of food, clothing, medicine, vacancies, tickets home, etc. In these places, the homeless are provided with various types of material and social assistance, while nothing is required of them themselves - they can continue to lead the way of life that suits them. But most of them (90%) suffer from alcoholism and therefore can neither work independently, nor use the benefits received, nor restore a social lifestyle.

Almost all job placement organized by philanthropists ends with dismissal in the first month. The restoration of documents also does not help - people on the streets simply lose them at the first booze. Tickets bought home are returned to the box office or remain unclaimed - rarely anyone wants to leave the capital. And it is not at all surprising that the “side effect” of this assistance is an increase in the number of parasites among the homeless.

2. Rehabilitation centers (religious or secular) - organizations involved in the spiritual and physical rehabilitation of patients. Most often they are of religious origin and are supported by the money of believers.

There is always a problem with financial resources: it is extremely difficult to find funds to support the homeless, because family ties have long been lost, there are only a few philanthropists, and the state allocates subsidies, for example, for the rehabilitation of drug addicts, only on the basis of registration in a certain territory (and 95% of Moscow homeless people - visitors from other regions). Therefore, there are very few such organizations working with the homeless - almost none.

3. Social business organizations, existing on self-financing at the expense of money earned by the homeless in any subsidiary work and using the labor of the homeless to make a profit. It turns out that with the right organization of living and working, people on the streets can make money!

These organizations are divided into: 1) "Voluntarily slave-owning", where the wards do not receive payment for their labor, but work for food and living. In such organizations, almost all income goes into the pockets of the management. It is difficult to break out of them, as the inhabitants of "Noah" testified - cheap labor should not run away ... 2) "working houses" - business projects that pay the homeless money for work and profit from this work - everything is just like in ordinary business.

4. Socially-oriented non-profit organization (NPO)- differs from others in that all funds remaining after the payment of salaries to the homeless do not go into the pockets of the management, but for the statutory goals of the organization, i.e. to work with the homeless. So far, this type of NPO represents only the “Noy House of Labor” - there are no other communal labor houses of this type in the Moscow region anymore.

***

Let's go back to the Noah social home. Previously, Emilian and his associates never promoted him - the organization's own resources were enough to maintain it. But now they are ready to use every opportunity to shout with pain and hope in all media spaces: SOS! The crisis hit the entire economy of "Noah", and the very existence of the social shelter is in jeopardy.

As already mentioned, the system of labor houses is quite stable and self-sustaining - if there is work. And since January 2015 in Moscow and the region, due to known reasons, 58% of construction projects have been curtailed. It is becoming more and more difficult to find a job, and the number of workers in the summer period is decreasing - traditionally, some of the homeless go “on vacation”, return to their old way of life, because you cannot freeze to death on the street in summer.

Today there are about 100 empty beds in the labor houses of “Noah”. The houses themselves somehow still "go to zero", says Emilian, but there is no money for the maintenance of the old man's orphanage (which is at least 800 thousand rubles a month). The collected one-time donations will be enough until the middle of summer. “The situation is critical,” says Emilian. He himself knocks on all doors, every Sunday he stands with a box for donations at the early liturgy in the church of Sts. Cosmas and Damian. Alas, the money has not been collected yet. He cannot imagine that the inhabitants of the social house will have to be sent back to where they came from.

“We will not abandon them in any case,” says Aleksey, the head of the social shelter. - What will we do if there is no money? I don’t know, we will trust God. Now we live and rejoice and thank God. And people believe in the authority of Emilian. "

Igor Petrov, who, after meeting with “Noah” and becoming a church, has experienced more than one miracle in his life, also does not give up hope: “I believe that the Lord maintains a balance in the world: so that those who need and those who want to help find each other".

Popular wisdom says: "In a crisis there is no time for fat, I would live." Yes, today the most important thing for "Noah" is to keep the social shelter. But if you ask Emilin about his plans, you will hear the incredible: “Father John of Kronstadt set the task of taking away ¾ homeless people from the streets. We also want ¾ of Moscow homeless people to leave the streets and get a chance to lead a sober working life. "

And he also laments that he cannot take the “heavier” ones to the social shelter (after all, there are narrow steep stairs) and dreams of the opportunity to take care of wheelchair users and others who are very weak. I am sure that for them the "Noyans" will come up with a feasible job to make a person feel like a person. Emilian says: "Ideally, we can take from the street anyone who wants to change and is ready not to drink and work."

What is needed for this? Almost nothing from the state. On the contrary, the “Noah” model, if given the way, would save the state a lot of money: according to Emilian, 44 thousand rubles are now allocated for the maintenance of one homeless person in a state social institution. a month, and "Noyevs", even in a social shelter, have enough and 10 thousand. And most importantly, the conditions for work are not created in the state hospitals and, in fact, homelessness and dependence are thus only encouraged. And “Noah” works by himself and even supports the weak!

But something from the state is still needed: benefits for rental housing, social and legal support and, most importantly, help in providing jobs for people whose documents have not yet been restored. And Emilian also hopes for a state order for the inhabitants of the social shelter - so that they sew bed linen and mittens, raise rabbits, etc. for a specific buyer. Here Emilian again recalls Father John of Kronstadt, at whose call the townspeople bought up everything that was produced in the House of Industry.

Usually non-profit organizations with a social orientation complain about the imperfection of the legislation. But in this case, the problem seems to be solved: on January 1, 2015, Federal Law 442 “On the Basics of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation” came into force, which makes it possible for NPOs to become “providers of social services” and rely on state support. Without delay, "Noah" submitted an application, but it was rejected. Apparently, some other social services seemed more worthy of state support.

“Caring for the homeless is an area where the state and the Church could really work together. The number of homeless people will only grow if we do not support such initiatives, where there is already a well-functioning structure of social and psychological rehabilitation of people in trouble. The main thing in Noah is that such people get the opportunity to live and work together, as a community. This allows them to abstain from alcohol, not to drink too much.

I believe that the path chosen by Emilian and his team, following Fr. John of Kronstadt - the best. He must be supported by the whole world ", - calls upon believers and unbelievers, the rector of the church of Sts. Cosmas and Damian Archpriest Alexander Borisov who blessed Emilian for the creation of "Noah".

Archpriest Alexander Borisov

"All the same, he will drink everything!", "Let's go to work!" - in our hearts we say at the sight of a homeless man with an outstretched hand. But so that these words are not empty condemnation or a patch on our conscience, let us support the conditions for work and human life that have already been created in the communal houses of “Noah”.

This part of the Sokolniki district, between the Yauza River and the current Korolenko Street (formerly Ermakovskaya), was once the possession of the Tsar's Preobrazhensky (or Staro-Preobrazhensky) palace, which was built here for Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in the 60s of the 17th century. The palace itself and all the buildings surrounding it were wooden, just like the Church of the Resurrection of Christ erected nearby in 1671. The palace existed until 1740, when it was dismantled for dilapidation, while the church was rebuilt and preserved until 1789. After the dismantling of the church, the entire vast territory of the former palace was sold to private owners. The central part (the quarter between Korolenko St. and Kolodezny Lane) was bought by the merchant Chorokov for setting up a cotton factory here. In the 1860s, the property passed to the merchants Borisovsky, who built a small sugar factory here.

In 1897, this large property, along with all the buildings, was acquired by the Moscow City Council. In one part of it, overlooking Ermakovskaya Street, the Coronation Asylum for incurable patients was located, in the other (where the plant itself was located) the Sokolnichesky Branch of the Moscow City Work House was set up. The former factory buildings were rebuilt and adapted for residential needs, as well as for the device of a hospital, almshouse and workshops.

The Moscow Workers' House, which existed since 1777, was a kind of shelter for beggars, drunkards, beggars (who came here most often by order of the police) and simply poor people (who often came voluntarily) who were provided with work, housing and food. There was also an almshouse for the disabled and a children's department; later, an orphanage named after Dr. Haas was opened at the Workhouse. In 1903, the Workhouse was divided into two institutions - the Workhouse proper, which received those brought in by the police, and the House of Labor for those who came voluntarily. The inmates worked in workshops - carpentry, blacksmith's, locksmith's, bookbinding, and also engaged in unskilled labor - gluing boxes and envelopes, weaving baskets, and sewing on buttons. The workhouse was supported by funds from the Moscow authorities and private donations.

In the 1910s, it was decided to build a church for the Workhouse - the money was donated by the manufacturer's widow Olga Titova. The project was commissioned to the architect of the Moscow City Council Nikolai Lvovich Shevyakov, who built the temple in the form of neo-Russian "modern". Elements and details of Pskov-Novgorod and Byzantine temple architecture were used in the decor of the church facades, the main (western) portal was decorated with a large fresco. It is noteworthy that the dome of the temple was made entirely of concrete. The construction of the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist was completed by 1917, the main altar was consecrated on January 15, and the chapel of St. the Apostle Matthew - June 10, 1917; it is believed that this church is the last of the Moscow churches built and consecrated before the October Revolution of 1917.

In the 1930s, an electromechanical plant (later - MEZ No. 1) was housed in the buildings of the abolished Workhouse, all existing buildings, including the church, were adapted for factory needs. The church was beheaded and surrounded by faceless outbuildings, all interior decoration was destroyed.

At the end of the 2000s, the building of the church was returned to the believers and the Patriarchal courtyard of the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist in Sokolniki was located here, to which two buildings of the former Workhouse were also transferred. At the moment, the restoration of the temple and both buildings is underway.

Jul 08

House of industriousness "Noy" (a shelter for the homeless from the temple of Cosmas and Damian in Shubin) invites people who, for various reasons, find themselves in Moscow and the Moscow region without a roof over their heads and ready to live an honest working and sober life. For those staying with us, the shelter assists in the restoration of Russian documents and employment. Doctor's appointments and legal advice are held regularly. Three full meals a day are organized, there is an opportunity to wash and walk in clean clothes. We have prohibited swearing and assault.

We accept people sober and passed (if necessary) disinfection treatment.

Contact phone numbers:

Sheremetyevo 89262365415

Yurlovo 89645289784

Yamontovo 89262365417

Khovrino 89263723872

Office 89262365415

Emilian (manager) 89262365415

11 Comments to “Noah House of Labor invites you to live”

1. Kovalenko Lev Nikolaevich wrote:
   

   “People who find themselves without a roof are invited to live,” and for how long and what will they have to do?
   The fact is that just a week ago, I was approached by a person being released from a maximum security colony IK-2 in Engels with a request to advise him which monastery he could turn to in order to move there permanently, given that his left arm is paralyzed and a leg. He is about 60 years old. I would like to know; could he count on permanent residence in Noah's house of industriousness?
   If we recall similar cases, then we recall that a few years ago the Engels nursing home sheltered three released from prison. But soon these guests were denied the shelter, because they persistently began to establish zon order in the orphanage. In this regard, the question is: how in "Noah" are they going to ensure conflict-free living of sufficiently problematic people?

2. Vladimir wrote:
   

   Good day!
   I have a difficult situation and will soon be homeless
   could not tell in more detail about your living conditions
   with respect Vladimir
   8926-496-81-47

3. Julia wrote:
   

   And how much money do women get per week? And what kind of work do they do?

4. Eremin yuri mikhailovich wrote:
   

   I am homeless and temporarily live in the Ryazan region. They sheltered caring people so as not to freeze in winter, but there is no food! I don’t smoke or drink! I am trying to get out of this situation, but so far I haven’t been in jail unsuccessfully, but a completely adequate person with useful skills, for example, a tinsmith, a cook, making blocks for the economical construction of buildings and utility rooms, but my dream is to create an Orthodox radio station for monks who cannot attend services! And I can do this immediately upon arrival in Noah! For several days, you only need the Internet and one assistant! Everything else will come with me! I will be glad to answer all your questions. George.

5. Vitaly wrote:
   

   Hello everyone !!)) Alyona, Nikolai, Vladimir and others.

6. Vitaly wrote:
   

   I lived in your house for a while. I AM THANK YOU for your support !!

7. Andrey wrote:
   

   My name is Andrey, I can work with my legs, I ended up in Moscow because of the war in Ukraine, I was left without documents and housing.

8. marina. wrote:
   

   my name is Marina. A month ago I lost all my documents and money. The house in which I lived after the sale of the apartment is not suitable for habitation. I became a victim of realtors. I am now living with a friend. This is not for long. After the restoration of my passport, I will vryatli restore my money and cards. I think about the monastery, I don't know how to get into obedience. Help me 62g

9. Sveta wrote:
   

   Good time of the day! By chance on this site, I am ready to help Marina if she has not found shelter, or to another woman who is in a difficult situation. The fact is that I live in Moscow, my mother is in the provinces, she lives in a big house, where there is gas, water, sewerage in the house, a large vegetable garden, farm buildings. She lives alone and she is 70 years old, so that she would not be bored, we are ready to accept a decent woman into our house for permanent residence, there will be a friend for the mother and she will not be bored. Not for the sake of self-interest, if anyone thought so, we have everything. It's just that the mother is bored alone, together they would have planted a garden for themselves, kept chickens, etc. tel. 89067044342

10. Andrey wrote:
    

    The network of shelters "House of Labor Noah" is a unique organization for our country, created by Emil Sosinsky under the patronage of the priests of the Temple of Cosmas and Damian in Shubin for people who, for various reasons, found themselves in the Moscow region without a roof over their heads, but are determined to change their lives to the best. Our people become full members of society: they work, receive a salary, restore documents, return to old or create new families, and most importantly - live in a house! The main rule for them is to lead a sober and working life.

    At the moment, more than 600 people live in our 14 shelters (5 of which are "social" - for the elderly, disabled people, women and children). The organization restores passports and other documents to wards, arranges conversations on spiritual, social and psychological topics, helps to find a job. Paying rent, maintaining residents of social homes, buying food, medicine and necessary household items - all this mainly occurs at the expense of half of the earnings of our wards - able-bodied men who get a job as auxiliary workers at construction sites (they receive the second half of the money weekly). These funds are not enough for everything and not always. Therefore, our shelter desperately needs support: charitable, volunteer, prayer.

    We will be very grateful for your help in organizing the production and marketing of any products that the inhabitants of our social homes - people with limited mobility - can produce. Only by uniting with all those who are not indifferent, only together, can we solve the problem of the homeless, making them domestic!

    Visit the promo page of the project Open

    Work progress

    1. In October 2011, with the help of the parishioners of the Church of Sts. Cosmas and Damian in Shubin, who helped in raising funds for rent, our first shelter was opened;

    2. In the summer of 2014, at a general meeting, former homeless people decided to open the first social home at their own expense, in which only disabled people, old people, women and children would live;

    3.From 2014 to 2016 4 more social houses were opened, the number of people living in them exceeded 200 people. An attempt was made to unite all the elderly, disabled, women and children under one roof on the territory of the rented mothballed recreation center in the Sergiev Posad region, but due to financial difficulties and active opposition from local summer residents, we had to leave it and move people to other houses ;

    4. At the moment (at the end of September 2017) the number of our "social wing" is already about 250 people. With the help of charitable donations, we managed to cope with the financial crisis and avoid the reduction of social homes. Now we are taking in disabled people from the streets again.

    results

    For 6 years of activity, we have achieved the following results:

    1. 14 shelters in Moscow and the Moscow region, in which more than 600 people live (about 250 of them are old people, disabled people (including bedridden, blind, paralyzed), women and children);

    2. In total, at different times more than 7000 people lived with us, each of them received an overnight stay, three meals a day and clothing aid;

    3. With our help, about 2800 documents were restored (passport, SNILS, medical policy), some people were issued disabilities, benefits and pensions;

    4. Conducted about 2500 medical examinations of residents of our shelters;

    5. More than 500,000 workdays worked out by the wards of the industriousness houses;

    6. We have provided about 550,000 accommodations and 1,800,000 meals for our residents;

    7. We have sheltered 163 pregnant women;

    8. Inhabitants of our shelters concluded 40 official marriages;

    9. The rules of staying with us categorically prohibit the use of alcohol and drugs, the inhabitants of our houses live in sobriety, work and care for each other - this saved many people from inevitable death from the street lifestyle and severe addictions.