House of the Romanovs in the house of the architect Klein. To Rescue and Reoccupy: How Developers Are Embracing Architect Klein's Legacy

160 years ago, on March 31, 1858, the architect Roman Klein was born - one of the most demanded architects in Russia in the late 19th - early 20th centuries. It was he who erected the Museum of Fine Arts (now the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts), the Muir and Meriliz store (now the Central Department Store), Borodinsky Bridge and dozens of apartment buildings. From the stylizations and eclecticism of his early works, he subsequently came to the neoclassical style. Having opened a private practice in 1888, he actually turned it into a school through which many talented architects, such as A.Ya. Golovin, I.I. Rerberg, V.G. Shukhov and others.


Roman Klein, 1890s

Roman Klein was born into a large merchant family. He was the fifth of seven children of the Moscow businessman Ivan Klein. The house was large and hospitable - it was constantly visited by writers, musicians, artists. The boy's personality was formed in a creative and culturally educated environment. He early showed a penchant for drawing and music, and the patronage and friendship of the famous architect Vivien played a decisive role in his choice of profession.
In 1879, Roman Klein graduated from the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, in 1882 - from the Imperial Academy of Arts with the title of class artist-architect of the 3rd degree. Then Klein trained in Italy, studied European architecture, art museums and monuments. He began his practical work as an assistant architect during the construction of the Historical Museum in Moscow. One of the first independent buildings of Klein - the Middle Trading Rows on Red Square, stylized as old Russian architecture. Their construction on the site, formerly occupied by many small dilapidated shops and warehouses, was a striking event of that time.
If you mentally collect on one territory all the buildings built in Moscow by Klein, you get a whole small city with its center. Klein remained in revolutionary Russia and was quite in demand by the new authorities, but did not live to see the construction boom in the mid-1920s.
From 1918 until the end of his days, he worked as a staff architect of the Pushkin Museum in Moscow, served on the boards of the Kazan and Northern Railways, and headed the department of the Moscow Higher Technical School. The last four months of his life he headed the design bureau of the People's Commissariat for Education.
Roman Ivanovich Klein died on May 3, 1924 in Moscow, where he was buried at the Vvedenskoye cemetery. In total, the architect built more than 60 large buildings in Moscow, all of his projects are difficult to show, here are only 16 of them.

1. The neoclassical mansion at Vozdvizhenka, 14 was built in 1886-1888 by the architect R.I. Klein for the famous Moscow public figure, entrepreneur and patron of the arts, the owner of the Tver manufactory and the representative of two famous merchant families, Varvara Alekseevna Morozova. This mansion became one of the first independent works of R.I. Klein, then a novice architect.

Morozova's mansion. Vozdvizhenka street, house 14. 1886

2. In 1887, the site at the current address Olsufievsky Lane, 6 was acquired by Roman Klein. There was then a wooden house and several courtyard buildings. In 1889, the architect slightly modifies this building, and in 1896 he added a second floor and placed there a drawing workshop and a personal library.

House of the architect R.I. Klein. Olsufyevsky per., House 6, building 2. 1889-1896

Since that time, all of Klein's subsequent architectural projects were created within these walls. Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev, the initiator of the creation and the first director of the Museum of Fine Arts, came to this house, on the project of which Roman Ivanovich worked here.

3. House number 3 on Vspolny lane - the mansion of A.V. Edzhubova, built in 1889. In this very modest one-story mansion, you can recognize the traits of Klein's eclectic style.

A.V.'s mansion Edzhubova. Vspolny lane, house 3. 1889

4. The exotic Chinese-style building known as the Tea House was renovated by the architect Karl Gippius under the direction of Robert Klein. The facade is decorated with stucco images of Chinese animals and other historical symbols, stylized as Chinese characters with inscriptions, and on the roof there is a turret in the form of a two-tiered Chinese pagoda.

Tea house. Myasnitskaya street, 19. 1890 -1893
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5. According to the project of the architect R.I. Klein in the center of Moscow in 1889-1893, the Middle Trading Rows were built. They were part of the architectural ensemble together with the Upper Trading Rows. The western façade overlooks Red Square. The complex of buildings is currently under reconstruction.

Average shopping malls. Red Square, building 5. 1890-1893
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6. In 1893, at the expense of P.G. Shelaputin, the Gynecological Institute was founded. The architect of the institute was R.I. Klein. The building occupied the corner of Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street and Olsufyevsky Lane. It is L-shaped. The Institute building opens onto Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street with a deep balcony decorated with four light columns and an openwork fence. The corner is crowned with a glass dome.

Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street, 11, C1. Gynecological Institute named after A.P. Shelaputina. 1893-1895

7. The building near the Krasnaya Presnya metro station was built by 1895 at the initiative of Professor A.P. Bogdanov for the bacteriological and agronomic station of the botanical garden of the Imperial Society for the Acclimatization of Animals and Plants. The architects of the building are R.I. Klein and A.E. Erichson. The construction and research carried out by the station was financed by the owner of the most famous pharmacy in pre-revolutionary Russia - Master of Pharmacy, philanthropist and scientist V.K. Ferrein.

Station of the Botanical Garden on Krasnaya Presnya. 1895
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8. In 1898, the then fashionable architect Roman Klein rebuilt the old building on Petrovka for the Despres family. The elegant house with elements of French architecture has been equipped with the latest innovations. On the ground floor there was a "Shop of foreign wines and Havana cigars, supplier of the highest court of C.F.Depres".

House of the wine merchant Despres. Petrovka street, house 8. 1898
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9. The four-storey building No. 19 on Kuznetsky Most is known in the architectural world as a tenement house with shops of Prince Andrei Gagarin, built in two stages: first by architect Viktor Kosov, then by Klein.

Passage "Kuznetsky Most". Kuznetsky Most Street, 19. 1898
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10. The Vysotsky Tea Industrialists' House at 6 Ogorodnaya Sloboda was built in 1900 according to Klein's design. The talented stylist R.I. Klein managed to combine elements of a medieval castle and a Renaissance palace in this house.

House of Vysotsky. Lane Ogorodnaya Sloboda, building 6. 1900
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11. The building in the neo-Gothic style with elements of Art Nouveau, which now houses the Central Department Store, in its present form was built in 1908 by the project of the architect Roman Klein for the company "Mur and Merilis".

Department store "Muir and Merilies". Petrovka street, house 2.1906-1908
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12. At the end of 1896, the founder of the museum, Professor of the Department of Theory and History of Art Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev, developed the conditions for a competition for the architectural project of the Museum of Fine Arts at the Imperial Moscow University. The university board, according to the terms of the competition, had the right to choose any project for construction and invite an architect at its own discretion. A relatively young but well-known Moscow architect Roman Ivanovich Klein was elected. Engineer Ivan Ivanovich Rerberg has been involved in the construction of the building since 1898.

Museum of Fine Arts. Volkhonka street, house 12.1898-1907

Klein worked out the final design to meet the requirements of the Board and the Museum Committee.

Klein's project was based on the classical antique temples on a high podium with an Ionic colonnade along the façade. For the construction of the Museum of Fine Arts, Klein was awarded the title of Academician (1907).

13. Notable work of Klein is the reconstruction of an old building on Ilyinka, house 12, by order of the Serpukhov city society. The building is based on the house of the merchant Khryashchev, erected by the famous architect Matvey Kazakov in 1778.

Profitable house I.G. Khryashchev. Ilyinka, house 12. 1901-1904

Klein transformed the façade with a number of changes. The compositional center of the house is three large arched windows on the second and third floors.

14. In 1899-1902, the same Roman Klein built a large apartment building with a company store and large basements on Petrovsky Boulevard for the KF Despres Partnership.

Apartment house. Petrovsky Boulevard, 17. 1902
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15. In 1906, Klein built a mansion for the entrepreneur Ivan Nekrasov. The house was built in the best traditions of the English neo-Gothic, the features of which are reflected in the ornament of the upper bay window, the vaults of the main staircase and other elements.

I. I. Nekrasov's mansion. Khlebny Lane, 20. 1906

16. In 1912, the wealthy furrier A.P. Guskov ordered R.I. Klein a project of a new type of building for the beginning of the 20th century - a cinema called "Colosseum".

Cinema "Colosseum". Chistoprudny Boulevard, 17. 1914

As the name suggests, it was built using elements of ancient architecture. The colonnade that encloses the entrance area is very successful. The restoration of the building is currently being completed.

Former tenement houses, factories, trade enterprises, built according to the projects of the famous architect, are now turning into elite residential complexes

Roman Klein is one of the most important and recognizable Russian architects of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. For almost 40 years of work, he designed more than fifty buildings in Moscow alone, including the building of the Trading House of the partnership "Muir and Mereliz" (now TSUM), the buildings of the Trekhgorny brewery and the Borodinsky bridge. The architect became world famous for the building of the Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow (now the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts).

The main part of Klein's Moscow legacy is numerous apartment buildings and former factory buildings, which are now being rebuilt into luxury housing. RBC Real Estate talks about some of these examples.

Klein's apartment building

One of the first renovation projects of the Klein buildings was the reconstruction of the former Klein apartment building (1889, 1896), located at 6 Olsufievsky lane, building 1. After the revolution, the three-story building suffered the fate of most apartment buildings - it was redesigned and adapted for communal apartments. In 1993 the company "Restoration N" resettled the building and started its reconstruction. “As a result, a new and unusual type of housing was created for the mid-1990s - an elite house with spacious apartment layouts, the most modern engineering at that time and an original interior of the entrance group. By the way, this is one of the first buildings in the capital, the entrance of which in the 1990s again began to be called the front door, ”says Enver Kuzmin, general director of the development company Restavratsiya N.

"Depre Club House on Petrovsky Boulevard"

The development company KR Properties is engaged in the reconstruction of several objects of Roman Klein at once. One of them is the building of the former "Trading House of K. F. Despres" on Petrovsky Boulevard, 17/1. The one-story Art Nouveau building was built in 1899-1902 for the "Trading House of C. F. Despres", the official supplier of wines to the imperial court. Before the revolution there was a company store of the enterprise, and in the Soviet years - a bottling plant for Caucasian wines and cognacs "Samtrest". In 1993, the building was extended with a second floor. Now the Kleinovsky house is being reconstructed, the project is called “Depre Club House on Petrovsky Boulevard”. The developer promises to restore the architectural appearance of the building according to the original sketches of Roman Klein more than a century ago.

Loft "Dawn"

The building of warehouses and exhibition buildings of the trading house "Muir and Merilis", the official supplier of the imperial court, at the beginning of the twentieth century was considered one of the most technologically advanced. The building of the 1910s, stylized as English Gothic, was made of metal structures designed by engineer Vladimir Shukhov and equipped with electric lifts. In Soviet times, the Rassvet machine-building plant was located here, one of the buildings of which, at 3 Stolyarny Lane, is now being reconstructed for a residential project.

KR Properties was invited by the Russian bureau DNA ag. The facade of the elongated industrial building is visually divided into several volumes, reminiscent of medieval houses. Concrete panels have been replaced with brickwork of different tones and textures. The conventional "house" on the facade corresponds in plan to a large loft - overlooking the museum on the western side of the building and two smaller ones - on the eastern side. The houses are distinguished by the texture of brickwork, framing of windows and balconies. In addition, the western and eastern facades have different widths, proportions and the number of windows. After reconstruction, it is planned to place two-level apartments and townhouses here as part of the Rassvet club complex.

Residential complex "Sadovye kvartaly"

In 1915-1916, according to the project of Roman Klein, the buildings of the factory of the joint-stock company "Kauchuk" were built on Usachev Street, of which today only one has survived - the six-storey building of the plant management (building 3.9). It is located on the territory of the elite complex of club houses "Sadovye Kvartaly", erected on the site of a factory by the project of the architectural bureau "Sergey Skuratov Architects" (developer - GC "Inteko"). The architects have retained only the facade of the historical building - the main volume, faced with four shades of clinker bricks, was rebuilt.

“Unfortunately, only one wall from the Klein building was preserved, and that with great difficulty, because it was in a very poor technical condition. For almost a century, a rubber factory was located there, and harmful chemical fumes, settling on the walls, destroyed them. The Moscow Heritage Committee did not recognize this building as an architectural monument, therefore the preservation of the only wall and the outline of the building (including height, width, area) was my personal initiative, - says Sergey Skuratov. - We have invited restorers to restore the historical facade and the original shape of the windows. Roman Ivanovich Klein is one of the best Russian architects, and it is a great honor to work with his legacy. But at the same time, this is an extremely difficult task, because it is not always easy to explain to a developer why a dilapidated factory building or a dilapidated apartment building needs to be preserved. Rebuilding old buildings is more difficult and more expensive than building new ones. " After the completion of construction work, one of the residential buildings with only 15 apartments will be located in the former plant management building. Near the "Garden Quarters" there are over a dozen other buildings of the famous architect, in memory of this, the square between Bolshaya and Malaya Pirogovskaya streets was named the Alley of Architect Klein.

Architect Roman Ivanovich Klein (real name and patronymic - Robert Julius) was born in March 1858 in the city of Moscow into a Jewish merchant family who lived at that time on Malaya Dmitrovka.

Such famous people as the composer and conductor Anton Rubinstein with his brother Nikolai, a virtuoso pianist, architect Alexander Osipovich Vivien and many representatives of the cultural community (artists, writers, poets and musicians) often visited his parents.

Most likely, classes with Alexander Vivienne determined the future choice of Roman Ivanovich's specialty.

Then he studied at the Imperial Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg, which Roman Ivanovich graduated in 1882 with the title of "Class artist of architecture". To improve his skills, he was sent on a pensioner (boarding) trip to Europe from this institution.

There he was fortunate enough to work with such a master of architecture as Charles Garnier, who was then involved in the construction of buildings for the Paris Exhibition, held in 1889.

After his return to Moscow in 1885, the architect Klein worked as an assistant in the architectural workshops of Vladimir Sherwood and Alexander Popov.

Since 1888, Roman Ivanovich begins his independent practice. The first building was the house of Morozova on Vozdvizhenka Street. It is thanks to Varvara Alekseevna that the young man gets to know the representatives of the Old Believer merchants - the Shelaputins, Prokhorovs, Morozovs and Konshins.

The architect Klein dedicated twenty years of his life to one of his most significant creations - the Museum of Fine Arts. Alexander III (now - The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts).

Roman Ivanovich is also recognized as a specialist in industrial architecture. According to his designs, industrial buildings were erected for industrialists in Moscow - Julia Gujon, Albert Gübner, the Giraud family and many others.

The architect made a great contribution to the appearance of the southern part of the Kitay-Gorod district. There, according to his designs, the buildings of several banks and the Middle Trading Rows were built.

After the 1917 revolution, Klein remained in Russia and continued to engage in architectural activities, but did not manage to create something significant. In 1924, Roman Ivanovich died. The master was buried on.

Photo 1. Cinema "Colosseum" on Chistoprudny Boulevard, 17

Photo 2. The apartment building of Countess Miloradovich on Povarskaya, 22

And dozens of other monuments.

An eclectic master, stylist, at the end of his career he built in the neoclassical style.

Lecturer, educator who trained such professionals as I. I. Rerberg, G.B. Barkhin and others.

Biography

Born into a Moscow merchant with many children (later transferred to the estate of hereditary honorary citizens) family of Jewish origin. The family lived on Malaya Dmitrovka; Anton Rubinstein and his brother Nikolai, architect Alexander Vivien, and many other famous artists, writers and musicians often visited their house. Already in childhood, Klein showed a penchant for music and drawing, and classes with Vivienne predetermined the final choice of his future profession.

While studying at the Kreyman gymnasium in 1873-1874, he attended courses at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, where he received two school awards. In 1875-1877 he worked as a draftsman for the architect V. O. Sherwood at the construction site. In 1877-1882 he studied at the Imperial Academy of Arts, graduated with the title of class artist of architecture of the 3rd degree. After graduating from the IAH, he was sent on a retirement trip abroad: for a year and a half he trained in Europe - in Italy and France; worked in the studio of the famous architect Charles Garnier, took part in Garnier's work on the construction of historical dwellings of different nations for the Paris exhibition of 1889. After returning to Moscow in 1885-1887, he worked as an assistant in the workshops of various architects, including V.O. Sherwood and A.P. Popov.

In 1888 he began his independent architectural practice. The first large building of Klein, which brought him fame - the house of V.A.Morozova at Vozdvizhenka, 14 - introduced him to the circle of the Old Believer merchants - the Morozovs, Konshins, Shelaputins, Prokhorovs.

“The number of his works is comparable to the result of the work of the most prolific Moscow master of that time -. At the same time, in terms of the scale of his talent, Klein was noticeably inferior to his contemporaries - Fomin, Bondarenko, Ivanov-Shits and, of course, Shekhtel himself. "

M. V. Nashchokina

Klein devoted almost twenty years of his life (1896-1912) to the construction of the Alexander III Museum of Fine Arts. A public competition held in 1896 was won by PS Boytsov. As a result, the board of Moscow State University - the organizer of the construction - invited Klein to lead the project, organizing a tour for him to European museums.

Klein used the general urban planning and the internal layout of Boytsov, but the detailed architectural design of the neo-Greek facades and interiors is certainly the author's work of Klein and his team. It included such masters as V. G. Shukhov, I. I. Rerberg, G. B. Barkhin, A. D. Chichagov, I. I. Nivinsky, A. Ya. Golovin, P. A. Zarutsky and others The work was carried out by the Trading House V. Zalessky and V. Chaplin, which arranged steam-water-steam heating in the Museum building. I. I. Rerberg was Klein's assistant and was responsible for the quality of the work performed and for keeping records of construction.

Klein, arguably the most prolific industrial architect of his time, combined the leadership of the museum with many private projects. Among his regular clients are the largest Moscow industrialists - the Giraud family, Yu. P. Guzhon, AO Gyubner. Klein's buildings include the Krasnaya Roza factory on Timur Frunze Street and the first buildings of the Second Automobile Plant Russo-Balt in Fili (now the Khrunichev State Research and Production Center).

Klein's works largely determined the appearance of the southern part - he built the Middle Trading Rows on, bank buildings on Varvarka, 7 and Ilyinka, 12 and 14. Pseudo-Russian mansions by Klein have survived in Ogorodnaya Sloboda, 6 and on Shabolovka, 26. Ibid, on Shabolovka , 33 - noble almshouse named after Yu.S. Nechaev-Maltsov, and at 20 Malaya Pirogovskaya Street - the Morozov Institute of Malignant Tumors (the first cancer hospice in Moscow, now the old building of the Herzen Moscow Research Institute of Research). By order of the PG Shelaputin charitable foundation, Klein built schools at 15 Leninsky Prospekt, at 14-18 Kholzunov Lane and others. In 1906-1911 he completed the construction of the Moscow Choral Synagogue according to the project of the deceased S. S. Eybushits. In Serpukhov, Klein built the building of the city council, the Maraeva mansion (now the Serpukhov Museum of History and Art and the Church of the Savior of the Image Not Made by Hands.

Klein remained in revolutionary Russia and was in sufficient demand by the new authorities, but did not live to see the upsurge in construction in the mid-1920s. From 1918 until his death, he worked as a staff architect of the Pushkin Museum, served on the boards of the Kazan and Northern Railways, and headed the department of the Moscow Higher Technical School. Completed many projects that were not implemented. The last four months of his life he headed the design bureau of the People's Commissariat for Education. Buried at (15th academic).

Projects and buildings

• The mansion of V.A.Khludov (1884-1885 (?), Moscow, Novaya Basmannaya street, 19) was demolished in 1960;
• The apartment house of I. I. Afremov (1885, Moscow, Neglinnaya street, 5), has not survived;
• The tenement house of Prince Urusov (1885, Moscow, Plotnikov lane, 13), demolished in 1983;
• The trading, office and profitable house of V.D. Perlov (S.V. Perlov), the restructuring project was made by the architect K.K.Gippius (1885-1893, Moscow, Myasnitskaya street, 19);
• L.E. Adelgeim's apartment building (1886, Moscow, Bolshaya Dmitrovka, 23), rebuilt;
• (1886, Moscow, Teatralnaya Square), has not survived;
• The mansion of V.A.Morozova (1886-1888, Moscow, Vozdvizhenka, 14);
• The church-burial vault of the Shakhovsky princes in their estate (1888, near St. Petersburg) has not survived;
• Profitable house (1888, Moscow, Strastnoy Boulevard, 8);
• Competition design for the building of the Upper Trading Rows (2nd prize) (1888-1889, Moscow, Red Square), not completed;
• Reconstruction of the Russian building for Foreign Trade and Siberian banks (1888-1889, Moscow, Ilyinka, 12/2);
• Trade and office house of the Serpukhov city society (1888-1903, Moscow, Ipatievsky lane);
• Reconstruction of the apartment building by V.O. Garkavi (1889, Moscow, Sivtsev Vrazhek, 38/19);
• The stands and the running pavilion of the Moscow Running Society (1889-1890s, Moscow) have not survived;
• Re-lines and superstructure of his own mansion (1889, 1896, Moscow, Olsufievskiy pereulok, 6, in the depths of the site), the building was replaced by a new building, partly reminiscent of the original;
• Edzhubov's House (1880s, Moscow, Voskresenskaya Square, 3);
• Office and trading house "Varvarinskoe Podvorie" (1890-1892, Moscow, Varvarka, 7 - Nikolsky lane, 11);
• A. Siebert's mansion (1891, Moscow, Dolgorukovskaya street, 27);
• Mansion of Professor V.F.Snegirev (1893-1894, Moscow, Plyushchikha, 62);
• Moscow Gynecological Institute. A.P. Shelaputina at Moscow University (1893-1896, Moscow, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya street, 11/12);
• The Church of the Savior Not Made by Hands at the Zanarskoye Cemetery (1893-1896, Serpukhov, Chernyshevsky Street, 52), partially destroyed;
• All Saints Church in the Vysotsky Monastery (1893-1896, Serpukhov, Kaluzhskaya Street, 110);

• The Church of the Life-Giving Trinity (1894-1895, Karabanovo, Lunacharsky St.), has not survived;
• Profitable house of A. A. Panteleev (1894-1897, Moscow, Olsufyevsky lane, 1), overbuilt;
• Church (1894-1896, Osechenki village, Ramenskiy district, Moscow region);
• Profitable house of I. T. Kuzin (1895-1898, Olsufievsky lane, 8);
• The profitable house of the Wine Trade Association of K.F.Depre and Co. (1895-1898, Moscow, Petrovka 8);
• Competition project of the Museum of Fine Arts (gold medal of the IAH) (1896, Moscow);
• Reconstruction of the Church of the Wives of Myrrhbearers (new) (1896, Serpukhov, Second Moscow Street), has not survived;
• Profitable house of A. A. Panteleev (1896-1897, Moscow, Olsufyevsky lane, 1a), built on two floors;
• The shop of the trading house "Myur and Meriliz" in the possession of Prince A. G. Gagarin, together with the architect V. A. Kossov (1896-1898, Moscow, Kuznetsky Most, 19);
• Museum of Fine Arts named after Emperor Alexander III at Moscow University, with the participation of architects G.B.Barkhin, I.I.Rerberg, A.D. Chichagov, engineer V.G. Shukhov, artists I.I.Nivinsky, P.V. Zhukovsky, A. Ya. Golovin, sculptor G. R. Zaleman and others (1896-1912, Moscow, Volkhonka, 12);
• G. Simon's mansion (1898, Moscow, Shabolovka, 26);
• The pavilion for the laying ceremony of the Museum of Fine Arts (1898, Moscow, Volkhonka), has not survived;
• Wine warehouse "Partnership K. F. Despres" (1899, Moscow, Pervy Kolobovskiy pereulok, 12 - Third Kolobovskiy pereulok, 3);
• The outbuildings at the mansion of V.P. Berg (1899, 28 Arbat) have not survived;
• Classical men's gymnasium No. 8 named after P. G. Shelaputin with the Church of St. Gregory the Theologian (1899-1901, Moscow, Kholzunov lane, 14);
• Profitable house A.K.Depre (1899-1902, Petrovsky Boulevard, 17), built on two floors;
• Competitive project of the stands of the Moscow Running Society (1st prize) (1890s, Moscow), not implemented;
• Church (1890s, village Bykovo, Moscow region);
• Simon's Silk Factory (1890s, Moscow, Shabolovka, 26);
• Weaving building of Prokhorovskaya Trekhgornaya Manufactory (1890s, Rochdelskaya Street, 13-15);
• Terliner's glue plant (1890s, Moscow, Kozhevniki);
• Efremov's apartment building (1890s, Moscow, Manezhnaya Street);
• Reception room of Trekhgorny brewery (1890s, Moscow, Kutuzovsky prospect, 12);
• Reconstruction of the building of the Moscow Merchant Bank (1890s, Ilyinka, 14);
• Participation in the decoration of the Palace Bridge (1890s, St. Petersburg);
• Turgenev House (1890s, St. Petersburg, English Embankment);
• The von Vogau estate complex (main house, stockyard, poultry house, outbuildings) (1890s, Yudino station, Moscow region);
• Competitive project of a student hostel at Moscow University on Devivichye Pole (1st prize) (1890s, Moscow), not implemented;
• Refectory of the Kazan Amvrosievskaya female hermitage (the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, the village of Shamordino, Kozelsky district, Kaluga region);
• Own apartment building (1900, Moscow, Olsufyevsky lane, 6, on the red line);
• Student hostel of Moscow University (according to the project that received the 1st prize at the competition) (1900, Moscow, Bolshaya Gruzinskaya street, 10);
• Noble almshouse named after S. D. Nechaev-Maltsev with the Church of Stephen Archdeacon (1900-1901, Moscow, Shabolovka, 33);
• Reception and factory buildings of A. Gübner's Calico Factory (1900-1901, Moscow, Maly Savvinsky Lane);
• The mansion of Kh.B. Vysotskaya (1900-1901, 1910, Moscow, Ogorodnaya Sloboda, 6);
• Student hostel named after Emperor Nicholas II at Moscow University (1900-1902, Moscow, Bolshaya Gruzinskaya street, 10-12);
• Women's vocational school named after G. Shelaputin (1900-1903, Moscow, Leninsky prospect, 15);
• Dormitory for students of the medical faculty of Moscow University named after Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich (1900-1903, Moscow, Malaya Pirogovskaya street, 16);
• The Morozov Institute for the Treatment of Malignant Tumors at Moscow University (1900-1903, Moscow, Malaya Pirogovskaya street, 20);
• Average shopping arcade (according to the competition project that received the 2nd prize) (1901-1902, Moscow, Red Square, 5);
• The project of the trading house "Muir and Meriliz" (1902, Moscow, Petrovka, 2), not implemented;
• Extensions (first) to the building of the Trekhgorny brewery association (1903, Moscow, Kutuzovskiy prospect, 12);
• School in memory of I.P. Bogolepov in Pokrovsky-Fili (1903)
• Perestroika and outbuildings in the possession of A.F. Mikhailov (1903, 1907, 1914, Moscow, Khamovnichesky (?) Lane, 17);
• The project of the tomb of the Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich in the Chudov Monastery (1904, Moscow, Moscow Kremlin) has not survived;
• House-museum (art gallery) K. -M. (K.O.) Giro (1904-1905, Moscow, Timur Frunze Street), rebuilt;
• House of the Serpukhov City Society (1904-1906, Moscow, Ilyinka, 12);
• Profitable house (1905, Moscow, Prospect Mira, 62);
• Power plant of the Electric Lighting Society (1905-1907, Moscow, Raushskaya embankment, 8);
• I. I. Nekrasov's mansion (1906, Moscow, Khlebny lane, 20/3);

• A gatehouse at the Giraud silk-weaving factory (1906, Moscow, Lev Tolstoy Street);
• Trading house "Muir and Meriliz" (1906-1908, Moscow, Petrovka, 2);
• Extensions and superstructures of buildings, an elevator and a water tower in the possession of the Tryokhgorny Brewing Association (1906, 1909-1910, Moscow);
• Construction according to the project of S. S. Eybushits and interior decoration of the Choral synagogue of the Moscow Jewish Society (1906-1911, Moscow, Bolshoy Spasoglinischevsky lane, 10);
• The project of the school at the Church of St. Louis (1907, Moscow), not implemented;
• Profitable house of K.O. Zhiro (1907-1908, Moscow, Timur Frunze street, 11), built on;
• Profitable house of G.A. Keppen (1907-1914, Moscow, Myasnitskaya street, 5);
• The production buildings of the KO Zhiro silk factory (8 buildings) (1907-1914, Moscow, Timur Frunze Street, 11), partially preserved;
• Reconstruction of the house of K.O. Giraud (1908, Moscow, Lev Tolstoy Street, 18);
• Monument project (1908, Borodino);
• Borodinsky bridge across the Moskva River, together with engineer N.I. Oskolkov, with the participation of G. B. Barkhin, A. D. Chichagov, P. P. Shchekotov, A. L. Ober (1908-1913, Moscow), later rebuilt;
• Competitive design for the building of the Northern Insurance Company (3rd prize) (1909, Moscow), not implemented;
• Pedagogical Institute with a museum named after P.G.Shelaputin and a real school named after A.P. Shelaputin (1909-1911, Moscow, Kholzunov pereulok, 16-18);
• The temple-abode of princes Yusupovs, counts Sumarokov-Elstonov, together with GB Barkhin (1909-1916, Arkhangelskoe);
• The trading house of engineer M. Ya. Maslennikov and Co. (1900s, Furkasovskiy lane, 1 (?)), Rebuilt;
• Hospital at the Tver Manufactory (1900s, Tver);
• Dormitory at the Tver Manufactory (1900s, Tver);
• The building of the Firsanov City Duma (1900s, Serpukhov, Sovetskaya street, 31/21);
• Patrikeyev's apartment building (1900s, Moscow, Gogolevsky Boulevard);
• Church (1900s, Oranienbaum);
• Participation in the construction of the bridge (1900s, Brussels);
• Jacques' Metal Products Factory (opposite the Simonov Monastery) (1900s, Moscow);
• Participation in the architectural development of one of the bridges of the Moscow ring road (1900s, Moscow);
• Male vocational school named after A.P. Shelaputin (1900s, Moscow, Miusskaya square, 7 - Pervaya Miusskaya street, 3);
• Country house of N. A. Zverev (1900s);
• Church (1900s, Tomsk);
• Shelkov factory Musi-Guzhon in the Rogozhskaya part (1900s, Moscow);
• Silk-spinning factory Katuar (1900s, Danilovka village, Moscow region);
• Iron-rolling shop of the Gujon plant (1900s, 11 Zolotorozhsky Val);
• Church (1900s, the village of Storozhevo, Ryazan province);
• Factory buildings, warehouses, exhibition buildings of the Trading House "Mur and Meriliz" (1900s, Moscow, Stolyarny lane, 3);
• Sugar factory (near the High Bridge) (1900s, Moscow);
• Podolsk cement plant (1900s, Podolsk);
• Mansion Despres (?) (1900s, Moscow);
• Zemskaya Hospital (1900s, Aleksin)
• Plant in Fili (now - Aviation) (1900s, Moscow);
• Clinic of Moscow University (1900s, Moscow);
• Factory "Electrosvet" (1900s, Moscow, Malaya Pirogovskaya street, 8-10);
• House in the possession of the French Vaksy Society (1910, Moscow, Derbenevskaya embankment, 34);
• Profitable house of K.O. Zhiro (1911-1914, Moscow, Lev Tolstoy street, 18);
• Residential house for the craftsmen of the Silk-weaving factory K.O. Giro (1911-1914, Moscow, Timur Frunze street, 11);
• (1912, Moscow, Povarskaya street, 22);
• House-Museum of the manufacturer A. V. Maraeva (1912, Serpukhov, Chekhov Street, 87/3);
• The profitable building of a free hospital for military doctors for the poor of all ranks (1912-1913, Moscow, Zhukovskogo street, 2 - 8 Bolshoy Kharitonevsky lane);
• The building of the cinema by IM Timonin "Colosseum", with the participation of the architect GB Barkhin (1912-1916, Moscow, Chistoprudny Boulevard, 17), was rebuilt;
• The project of a complex of apartment buildings by P. A. Guskov (1913), not implemented;
• Geological and Mineralogical Institute at Moscow University (1913-1918, Moscow, Mokhovaya street, 6, right building);
• Restoration work in the Yusupovs palace, together with the artist I. I. Nivinsky (1913-1914, Arkhangelskoe);
• The outbuilding and warehouse in the possession of P. P. Smirnov (1913-1914, Moscow, Tverskoy Boulevard, 18);
• Tea-packing factory "Tea Trade Partnership V. Vysotsky and Co." (1914, Moscow, Nizhnyaya Krasnoselskaya Street, 7);
• House on the territory of KO Giro's silk-weaving factory (1914, Moscow, Lev Tolstoy Street);
• The project of rebuilding the Tretyakov Gallery (1914, Moscow), not implemented;
• The project of a residential and utility wing in the possession of P. A. Guskov (1915, Moscow, Chistoprudny Boulevard) has not been completed;
• Competitive project of memorial museums at the Moscow Brotherhood Cemetery (1915, Moscow, Sokol);
• Preparatory work for the restoration of the buildings of Moscow University (1915-1916, Moscow);
• Buildings of the factory of the Joint Stock Company "Kauchuk" (1915-1916, Moscow, Usacheva Street, 11);
• The project of transforming the Moscow Kremlin into a museum town (1917, Moscow), not implemented;
• Temple-burial vault of the Levchenko family (1910s, Moscow, Donskoy Monastery);
• Competition project of the Palace of Rest with services (2nd prize) (1920s), not implemented;
• Competitive project for the superstructure of the Exchange building (3rd prize) (1920s, Moscow, Ilyinka street), not implemented;
• Competitive settlement project for Grozneft (1920s), not implemented;
• Competitive project of working dwellings for Donbass (1920s), not implemented;
• The project of rebuilding the "Provodnik" factory for the Russian-German exhibition (1920s), not implemented;
• The project of rebuilding the factory and the canteen in Fili (1920s);
• Projects of state farm poultry houses, rabbitries, etc. (1920s, Tarasovka settlement, Moscow region);
• Typical houses for the workers' settlement of Grozneft (1920s), not completed;
• The project of a plant for the primary processing of flax and hemp for the sov owner under the Council of People's Commissars (1920s);
• The project of the school named after V.I. Lenin (1920s), not implemented;
• Project of a labor school for the Northern Railway (1920s), not implemented;
• Competitive project of the apartment building of the Joint Stock Company "Arkos" (1920s), not implemented.

Roman Klein, 1910s

Roman Ivanovich Klein (1858-1924) - architect, academician.

Roman Klein was born into a merchant family on March 19 (March 31), 1858. Musicians, writers and artists often visited their house on Malaya Dmitrovka. Klein showed early drawing skills. Even while studying at the gymnasium, he in 1873-1874. attended courses at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, in 1875-1877. worked as a draftsman for V.O. Sherwood on the construction site of the Historical Museum.

In 1877 Klein entered the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. After graduation in 1882 he received the title of class artist of architecture of the 3rd degree and was sent to an internship in Europe. After returning to Moscow in 1885, Klein worked for two years as an assistant in the architectural workshops of Vladimir Sherwood and Alexander Popov.

In 1888, Roman Klein began to work independently. The first large building of Klein was the house of V.A. Morozova on Vozdvizhenka - brought him fame, making him a fashionable and sought-after architect among the Old Believer merchants. His customers were the Vysotskys, Shelaputins, Prokhorovs, Despres. The number of buildings he built is great.

Roman Klein was an excellent stylist and organizer. This is probably why he became one of the most prolific architects of the time.

The work of the life of Roman Klein

Main work - Museum of Fine Arts named after Alexander III. Klein spearheaded the construction with a strong team of architects and urban engineers. It included both masters and students, who later became distinctive professionals. The competition for the project of the building of the Museum of Fine Arts, announced at the end of 1896, was lost by Roman Klein: the first prize went to G.D. Grimm, the second - L.Ya. Urlaub, third - P.S. Fighters.

Klein's project was accepted at the insistence of I.V. Tsvetaeva - the initiator and organizer of the construction of the museum. The final project was developed based on the general plan and internal layout of Boytsov. Klein and his assistants designed the facades and interiors in the neo-Greek style. Construction began on August 17, 1898. The museum opened on May 31, 1912. For this work, Klein was awarded the title of Academician of Architecture. A little about the fate of the people to whom we owe the existence of the Museum.

A year later, Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev died of a heart attack. Forty days later, Yuri Stepanovich Nechaev-Maltsev was gone, without whose many years of financial support there would be no museum. Even earlier, in 1905, Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov was killed, who, being the Governor-General, supported the idea of ​​building the Museum.

After 1917, Klein managed to remain in demand by the new government. Until the end of his life, he worked. He was a staff architect of the Pushkin Museum, served on the boards of the Kazan and Northern Railways, headed the department of the Moscow Higher Technical School.

Klein houses in Moscow

• Basmannaya N., 19. Khludov's mansion. R.I. Klein, 1884 Three floors were built later.
• Borodinsky bridge. R.I. Klein and engineer Oskolkov, with the participation of Barkhin and A.D. Chichagova, 1909-1912. In 1952 the bridge was doubled.
• Botkinsky 2nd, 3. Morozov Institute for Cancer Patients. R.I. Klein and engineer Rerberg, 1903-1912.
• Barbarian, 7. The building of the Varvarinsky joint-stock company. R.I. Klein, 1890-1892. In Soviet times, it was built on.
• Vozdvizhenka, 14. The mansion of V.A. Morozova. R.I. Klein, 1886-1888.
• Volkhonka, 12. Museum of Fine Arts. R.I. Klein, 1896-1912, with the participation of Barkhin, Rerberg, A.D. Chichagov and V.G. Shukhov.
• Gruzinskaya B., 14. University dormitory named after Nicholas II. R.I. Klein, 1900.
• B. Dmitrovka, 23. Apartment house L.E. Adelheim. R.I. Klein, 1886. Rebuilt.
• Dolgorukovskaya, 27. House of the Prussian citizen August Siebert. R.I. Klein, 1891.
• Zhukovsky, 2. Apartment house. R.I. Klein, 1912-1913.
• Ilyinka, 12. Russian foreign trade and Siberian banks. R.I. Klein, 1888-1893.
• Kolobovskiy 3rd, 3. Wine warehouses of the "Despres Partnership". R.I. Klein, 1899.
• Konyushkovskaya, 31. House for a botanical garden. The customer is the owner of the Ferrein pharmacy. R.I. Klein, 1895.
• Red Square, 5. Average shopping malls. Klein, 1901-1902.
• Kuznetsky Most, 19 C1. House with a shop "Gastronom". V.A. Kossov, 1886-1887; R.I. Klein, 1896-1898.
• Kutuzovskiy, 12 C1, 3. Trekhgorny brewery. A.E. Weber, 1875-1904; R.I. Klein, 1910.
• Mokhovaya, 11 C2. Geological Museum of the State University. R.I. Klein, 1914.
• Mira prospect, 5. Perlov's apartment building with a shop, an office, a factory and residential apartments. R.I. Klein, 1893.
• Mira prospect, 62. Residential building. R.I. Klein, 1905.
• Miusskaya, 9. Shelaputin Men's Trade School. R.I. Klein and Rerberg, 1900s.
• Myasnitskaya, 5. Köppen's apartment building. R.I. Klein, 1907-1908.
• Myasnitskaya, 19. Perlov's Tea House. R.I. Klein, 1890-1893; Gippius, 1895-1896.
• Nagornaya, 3. Silk-twisting factory Catuar. R.I. Klein, 1890s.
• Ogorodnaya Sloboda, 6. House of Tea Manufacturers Vysotsky. R.I. Klein, 1900.
• Olsufievsky, 1, 1 A. Panteleev's apartment building. R.I. Klein, 1890s.
• Olsufievsky, 6. Own house of the architect Klein, 1889-1890s. Rebuilt.
• Olsufievsky, 8. Apartment house of the merchant Kuzin. R.I. Klein, 1895.
• Olkhovskaya, 20. Tea-packing factory "Tea trade partnerships V. Vysotsky and K °". R.I. Klein, 1914.
• Petrovka, 2 / Neglinnaya, 3. Department store "Muir and Merilies". Architect R.I. Klein, 1906-1908.
• Petrovsky Boulevard, 17 / 3rd Kolobovsky, 1. An apartment building with a shop of the wine trade company Despres. R.I. Klein, 1899-1902. Built in 1932-1934.
• Pirogovskaya B., 11. Building of the Shelaputina Gynecological Institute. R.I. Klein, 1893-1895.
• Pirogovskaya M., 20. Morozov Institute for the Treatment of Malignant Tumors. R.I. Klein and Rerberg, 1900-1902.
• Plyushchikha, 62. The mansion of the gynecologist Snegirev. R.I. Klein, 1893-1894.