Good and evil is a work of master margarita. Mini-essay on the theme "Good and Evil in the Novel" The Master and Margarita

Makievskaya Chiara

Chiara is very fond of Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita. She walked through all Bulgakov's places in Moscow, was at performances based on this novel. I am glad that I have students who are anxious about our classical literature, who understand its charm and dignity. I am happy that I have thinking and reflecting students.

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The composition of the 11th grade student Chiara Makievskaya on the theme "Good and Evil in the novel" The Master and Margarita "by MA Bulgakov "

In the novel "The Master and Margarita" M.A. Bulgakov raises many interesting, topical and important problems for society. In his work, the author thinks about the role of true love in life and work, about courage and cowardice, about true and false values ​​in life, about faith and unbelief and many other eternal questions, but most of all in the novel I was interested in the problem of good and evil.
Unlike many other classical authors M.A. Bulgakov does not draw an obvious and clear line between good and evil, emphasizing the ambiguity of this problem. M.A. Bulgakov leads the reader to this idea from the very first page of the novel, namely from the epigraph, represented by a quote from Faust: "I am part of the power that always wants evil and always does good."
It is this phrase that perfectly characterizes the image of one of the key characters of the novel - Woland. Woland is Bulgakov's interpretation of Satan, a real representative of evil, but can it be argued that Woland is the most terrible evil described on the pages of the work? From the first chapters, the reader may have just such an idea, but with each new page and each new episode, the image of Woland is revealed more and more. Basically, from the Moscow chapters, we learn that in reality Woland does not commit any cruel atrocities, he only reveals the true appearance of Muscovites, tears off their masks and demonstrates all their main vices: greed, envy, greed, hypocrisy, cruelty and selfishness. The author clearly shows this in an episode of a black magic session at the Variety Theater, where Woland and his retinue conduct a series of peculiar tricks, during which the true faces of Muscovites are revealed. Then Woland will note: "They are people like people. They love money, but it has always been ... Humanity loves money, no matter what it is made of, whether it is leather, paper, bronze or gold. Well, frivolous ... well, well ... and mercy sometimes knocks at their hearts ... ordinary people ... in general, they resemble the old ... the housing issue only spoiled them ... "
At the same time, Woland did not just teach a lesson to some of the heroes, but was able to teach something important, influence fate and change their lives for the better. Immediately I remember the life story of the poet Ivan Bezdomny. The meeting with Woland entailed many troubles for Ivan, the main of which was his stay in a hospital for the mentally ill, but it was there that Ivan's fate changed enormously, because there he met the Master. The master became a wise teacher for Homeless, able to teach Ivan to distinguish between false and true life values ​​and who managed to help him choose the right life path.
Also, one cannot fail to note the role of evil and impure forces in the life of the Master and Margarita. After all, in the end Woland helped the lovers to reunite and find peace and happiness, for the Master and Margarita Woland and his retinue truly "did good".
An interesting fact is that good, as understood by M.A. Bulgakov is not so unambiguous. For example, if you recall the life path of Margarita, one cannot but pay attention to the fact that her life was not righteous, because Margarita was not a faithful wife, agreed to become a real witch, angrily and mercilessly took revenge on literary critics and accepted help from Satan himself, however, despite all these facts Margarita seems to us to be an exceptional and ideal woman, in whose soul there is a place of sincere love, mercy and courage. Margarita has the right outlook on life, she values ​​spirituality, and not something material and empty. On the pages of the novel, among Muscovites, there may be many decent family men and reserved and intelligent people, but this is completely insufficient to be considered a person who carries only good in himself, especially if hatred and envy are hidden behind the mask of decency and intelligentsia, which is why Margarita is much stronger disposes of the reader, rather than, for example, the members of MASSOLIT.

The problem of the ambiguity of good and evil is also raised by the author on the pages of the novel in Yershelaim. In the chapters of Yershelaim, the conventionality of such concepts as "a good person" and "an evil person" is felt even more strongly. At first glance, it may seem that one cannot talk about the kindness of Pontius Pilate, because he could not find the courage to overcome the fear of responsibility due to his position, as a result of which Yeshua was sentenced to death. Pontius Pilate felt with all his soul that Yeshua was innocent, but he could not prevent the execution of the sentence. Because of Pontius Pilate, an innocent person died, it would seem, how can you then look for something bright in his soul? But, having repented, Pontius Pilate was able to find forgiveness and freedom. His indifference and pangs of conscience meant the presence of light and purity in the soul, which is why Pontius Pilate was still able to ascend the lunar road and follow it along with Yeshua and his most dear earthly creature - his beloved dog.
At the same time, I immediately want to turn to the image of Judas. And on his soul lies a grave sin for the death of Yeshua, the only difference is that Judas did not regret what he had done, there was no place for mercy and conscience in his heart, for the sake of money he could easily doom a person to death and continue to think about his personal life, make plans and live a calm and contented life. Indifference and cruel composure are what distinguishes Judas from Pontius Pilate. That is why Judas did not deserve salvation and was deprived of his life.
Thus, according to M.A. Bulgakov, one cannot divide the world into good and evil, good people and bad. Life is incredibly difficult, so you cannot judge a person without trying to understand his character, without knowing anything about his fate and past. Through the mouth of Woland in a conversation with Levi Matvey A.M. Bulgakov expressed a very important thought: "You pronounced your words as if you did not recognize shadows, as well as evil. Would you be so kind to think about the question: what would do your good if evil did not exist, and how the earth would look like if the shadows disappeared from it? After all, shadows are obtained from objects and people. Here is a shadow from my sword. But there are shadows from trees and from living beings. Do you want to rip off the entire globe, taking all the trees away from it and all living things because of your fantasy to enjoy the naked light? " M.A. Bulgakov notes the importance of both evil and good in people's lives, because both light and shadow are equally important in life. Good and evil are integral parts of the life of all people in general, and separately - the soul of each person, but only the person himself is able to choose the path along which he has to go. That is why M.A. Bulgakov does not give clear answers and does not inspire any definite point of view, in the novel "The Master and Margarita" he only shows possible paths on the path of life, and the reader must independently draw conclusions for himself personally. That is why, after so many years, the novel "The Master and Margarita" remains as relevant and interesting for people, because every reader is able to find and see a part of himself in it, after which he will never be able to remain indifferent to the great creation of M.A. Bulgakov.

M.A. Bulgakov - the novel "The Master and Margarita". In Bulgakov's novel, the concepts of good and evil are complexly intertwined. Woland - Satan, traditionally should be the absolute embodiment of evil, but he often restores justice on earth, exposing human vices. The greatest evil, according to Bulgakov, is concentrated in the world of human society. And so it has been at all times. The Master wrote about this in his novel, revealing the history of the deal of the procurator of Judea with his own conscience. Pontius Pilate sends to execution an innocent person, the wandering philosopher Yeshua, since society expects such a decision from him. The outcome of this situation is endless pangs of conscience overcoming the hero. The situation in Bulgakov's contemporary Moscow is even more deplorable: all moral norms have been violated there. And Woland seems to be trying to restore their inviolability. During his four days in Moscow, Satan defines the "true face" of many characters, workers of culture, art, officials, and local inhabitants. He accurately defines the inner essence of everyone: Styopa Likhodeev, a well-known cultural figure, is a bum, a reveler and a drunkard; Nikanor Ivanovich Bosoy - bribe-taker and swindler; the proletarian poet Alexander Ryukhin is a liar and a hypocrite. And at a session of black magic at a Moscow variety show, Woland literally and figuratively exposes women citizens who are longing for what can be obtained for free. It is noteworthy that all Woland's tricks are almost imperceptible against the background of everyday life in Moscow. Thus, the author, as it were, hints to us that the real life of a totalitarian state, with its legalized party hierarchy and violence, is the main diabolical act. There is no place for creativity and love in this world. Therefore, the Master and Margarita have no place in this society. And here Bulgakov's thought is pessimistic - for a real artist, happiness on earth is impossible. In a world where everything is determined by the social position of a person, there is still good and truth, but they have to seek protection from the devil himself. Thus, according to Bulgakov, the confrontation between good and evil is eternal, but these concepts are relative.

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-So who are you, finally?

I am part of that power

that always wants to be evil

and does good for ever.

Goethe

Good and evil ... The concepts are eternal and inseparable. And as long as the spirit and consciousness of a person are alive, these forces will fight with each other, good will “open up” to a person, illuminating his path to truth.

MA Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita" is dedicated to the struggle between good and evil. The author portrayed this struggle with great skill, he managed to look into the soul of a person, to convey the inner world of his heroes. Bulgakov revealed to the readers a rich gamut of feelings and experiences of his heroes, therefore this novel has firmly entered a number of the most beloved works of Russian literature. Bulgakov's work is a textbook for every new message of young people, because the problems touched upon in it arise with surprising consistency at all times.

Two layers of time are simultaneously revealed to the reader. One is associated with the life of Moscow in the twenties of our century, the other - with a legend or truth (depending on the faith and beliefs of a person) about a certain Yeshua Ha-Noz-ri, in whom we immediately recognize Jesus Christ. Bulgakov gives us a "novel in a novel", and both of them are united by one idea - the search for moral truth and the struggle for it. First, we are transported many centuries back to the distant Yersha-laim, to the palace of the emperor of Judea Pontius Pilate. Together with him in the palace there is a young man, about twenty-seven, whose hands are tied, there is a bruise under his eye, and there is an abrasion with caked blood in the corner of his mouth. This man's name is Yeshua, he is accused of inciting the destruction of the Yershalaim temple.

Pontius Pilate lives by his own laws: he knows that the world is divided into those who rule and obey them. And suddenly a person appears who breaks this rule and is ready to argue with the procurator himself. He is not afraid to contradict him, defending his point of view, and he does it so skillfully, so coolly that he even confuses the procurator. Yeshua believes that there are no evil people in the world, there are unhappy people. He thinks that these people can be changed for the better, you just need to make them believe in yourself, interest them, instill confidence in them, and then you will get a full-fledged person with a goal in life, able to bring benefit to others by his actions.

The procurator found the prisoner interesting, he liked a lot about him. Pontius Pilate was immediately convinced of his innocence and innocence. He even had a dream that the two of them walk along the lunar path and talk peacefully. But he could no longer help Yeshua. Yeshua challenged not only the procurator himself, but the entire regime that reigned in this city for several generations, so he is doomed to die. For fear of denunciation, fear of ruining his own career, Pontius Pilate goes against his convictions, the voice of humanity and conscience. And so Pontius Pilate shouts so that everyone can hear: “Criminal! Criminal!" Yeshua is executed. In fact, the power of the procurator turned out to be imaginary. Pontius Pilate is a coward: a faithful dog of order, he cannot go against the majority, and therefore he is pitiful and unworthy of respect. Yeshua, on the contrary, challenges the existing order, for him the idea is most important, and we, freezing from the horror that his fate evokes, at the same time feel admiration.

But how are the “Yershalaim” chapters connected with the main content of the novel? We are transported to the 20s of our century. Envy, anger, distrust of dissenting people reign in the world that surrounds the main characters. Good is represented in the faces of the Master and Margarita - two lovers fighting for their love and justice. They are opposed by Woland - the image of Satan reinterpreted by the author. Woland does evil, his goal is to expose, strengthen, expose human shortcomings and vices for all to see. What does he not do to achieve his goal! All his tricks and tricks are aimed at one thing: to prove that people are inherently unfair, greedy and envious, and sometimes just spiteful. Woland leads the reader to the conclusion that all people are petty and corrupt, that everyone loves money.

Although many centuries have passed, kindness and love remain on earth. The master, the protagonist of M. Bulgakov's novel, creates his own novel about Christ and Pilate. In the image of Christ, the Master shows everything good and light. There is a clear parallel between the Master and Yeshua. The master, like Yeshua, tried to convey to people the whole truth that surrounds him. He wants to penetrate into the depths of the ages in order to understand the eternal. Masters are occupied with eternal problems, and he stops at nothing, seeking the truth, because his name is written with a capital letter. The master, undoubtedly, is kind, honest, decent, therefore he achieves respect in society and is worthy of Margarita's love.

Margarita in the novel is the bearer of a huge and inspired love, which the author called "eternal". Margarita has a strong character, great will, she is not embarrassed by any difficulties. Margarita fights for the Master. She even goes to a meeting with Satan himself in order to return the Master, while she is not afraid to sacrifice herself and goes into eternity.

As a result, the Master and Margarita are rewarded. These are people who bring goodness and love to others, so they will be remembered and respected. Having left us, the Master left us his novel as a reminder that our moral problems are for ourselves to solve.

The novel by MA Bulgakov teaches the future generation that it is always necessary to fight for the truth and go forward to the victorious end, as the Master and Yeshua did. The novel remains in the history of Russian and world literature not only as a hymn to man, not only as a story of Margarita's unearthly love, but also as a grandiose monument to Moscow and a man who will forever stand in defense of good and justice.

Bulgakov's novel is tragic, it is full of bitterness and skepticism, hope is woven in it with despair, and faith with disbelief in its triumph. The era determined the tragedy of the novel, and Bulgakov did not lie: he eventually wrote a novel about his time, but wrote in such a way that The Master and Margarita and a novel about the eternal struggle between good and evil.

Mikhail Bulgakov's novel is a unique masterpiece of Russian and world literature, which will never lose its relevance.

Shapkina Victoria

The problem of good and evil is an eternal problem that has worried humanity for centuries. The author of the study is trying to figure out how good and evil are related in the novel by Mikhail Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita". Does good always triumph and does evil always bring misfortune? These and other issues are addressed in the work.

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There is another assessment of the hero's deed. V.A. Chalmaev believes: “Even after forgiveness, Pilate cannot free himself from the thought of the“ past execution ”, he is looking for confirmation that it did not take place. However, he is already inseparable from Yeshua. He will forever be the embodiment of "Pilatchina", an escape from his conscience. Pontius Pilate received his punishment for cowardice - the immortality of eternal guilt. " Hence condemnation as a natural reaction to the actions of Pontius Pilate. However, is it worth it to rush to condemn the hero, because in the last chapter of the novel, at the request of the Master and Margaret, Pontius Pilate receives release and forgiveness, and together with Yeshua leaves along the lunar path. Why is LM's assessment closer to me? Yanovskaya, which more accurately, in my opinion, reflects the intention of the writer himself, who avoids categoricality.

Pontius Pilate and Yeshua have a discussion about good and evil. Yeshua believes in goodness, in the predetermination of historical development leading to a single truth. Pilate is convinced of the ineradicability of evil in man. Maybe both are wrong? The path along the lunar path was the result of the dispute between Pilate and Yeshua, which brought them together forever; so evil and good merged into one in human life.

So, in the Yershalaim chapters of Yeshua's novel- a bearer of good, a symbol of moral fortitude and humanity.And Pontius Pilate can not be attributed either to the bearers of evil, or to the bearers of good, because he combines both principles in himself, which may also well determine the human essence. The images of Pontius Pilate and Yeshua make it possible to understand that good does not always triumph on earth, and the struggle of these two principles does not always end with the victory of good.

Woland's conclusion is well known: human nature cannot change so quickly, everything remains the same. Woland's visit, as well as the genius novel of the Master, who guessed the events of two thousand years ago, could not change anything in modern Moscow. This is the conclusion that Bulgakov makes.

Did Woland have prototypes? Most likely not, because the writer himself emphasized in a letter to S. Ermolinsky: "Woland has no prototypes, I beg you, keep this in mind.".

The depiction of the devil in Russian and world literature has a centuries-old tradition. It is no coincidence that the character of Woland combines the features of the heroes of many literary sources. For example, Woland's name and the epigraph to the novel are borrowed from Goethe's Faust.

Woland is endowed with omniscience. He sees the future and the past, knows the thoughts of his characters, their intentions and experiences. And there is nothing supernatural here, because he is the creator of this whole world. I agree with the opinion of V.V. Petelin is that if "... to remove all the external tinsel, all these transformations, fantastic pictures, all these clothes suitable only for a masquerade, then we will see Bulgakov himself, subtle and ironic." It is precisely this subtle and ironic that appears before me
MA Bulgakov as the author of the novel.

Everything that Woland turns his gaze to appears in its true light. Woland does not inspire and does not sow evil, he does not lie and does not tempt. "He just exposes evil, exposing, burning, destroying what is really insignificant", - says L.M. Yanovskaya. And I agree with this competent opinion.

Thus, in the Moscow chapters of the novel, the Master is the bearer of good. Even though he gave up the fight, for his suffering he deserved, if not light, then peace. His Margarita is a symbol of kindness and mercy. Through her fate, Bulgakov presents us the path of goodness to truth with the help of the purity of the heart and the huge, sincere love burning in it, in which strength is contained.

And Woland is part of the force that, in theory, should do evil, but in fact does good. He is the everlasting evilbecoming a necessary condition for the manifestation of good.It is his image that reflects Bulgakov's moral concepts thatgood and evil are created by the hands of the person himself. All of Woland's knowledge, ideas striking in depth, were discovered from the rich experience of observing life by Bulgakov himself. In the created image, Bulgakov, as it were, declared that good and evil in life are inseparable and are eternal essences of life.

In this version, God ordered Satan and, therefore, was responsible for all the evils of the world. In the final form, the "guilt" of God is removed, the prince of darkness receives his kingdom in full power, and the former order becomes just a request to grant the master peace (but not light). Here evil follows the logic of Goethe's paradox: while desiring evil, evil nevertheless (sometimes) brings good.This paradoxical role makes darkness, if not light, then a cleansing fire.

Nowhere in the novel is there any "balance" of good and evil, light and darkness, or the priority of good. This problem is clearly defined, but not completely resolved by the author either in favor of good or in favor of evil.

So, good and evil in the novel "The Master and Margarita" exist in an indissoluble unity. If the opposition of good and evil, as polar principles, was formed in the dualistic ideas about the world, then it is also obvious that these concepts can exist only relative to each other. In this case, evil plays an extremely important role, since only thanks to it we learn good, or more precisely, evil leads us to good. In the novel The Master and Margarita, good and evil are not two different phenomena opposed to each other, they represent a single picture of the world. The manifestations of good and evil are valuable in their unity.

Conclusion

In the course of the study, after analyzing the Yershalaim chapters of the novel, it was found that Yeshua is the bearer of good, a symbol of moral fortitude and humanity. Pontius Pilate can not be attributed either to the carriers of evil, or to the carriers of good, because he combines both principles in himself, which may also well determine the human essence. The images of Pontius Pilate and Yeshua make it possible to understand that good does not always triumph on earth, and the struggle of these two principles does not always end with the victory of good.

It is determined that in the Moscow chapters of the novel the Master is the bearer of good. Even though he gave up the fight, for his suffering he deserved, if not light, then peace. His Margarita is a symbol of kindness and mercy. Through her fate, Bulgakov presents us the path of goodness to truth with the help of the purity of the heart and the huge, sincere love burning in it, in which strength is contained.

And Woland is part of the force that, in theory, should do evil, but in fact does good. He is an eternally existing evil that becomes a necessary condition for the manifestation of good. It is his image that reflects Bulgakov's moral concepts that good and evil are done by the hands of the person himself. All of Woland's knowledge, ideas striking in depth, were discovered from the rich experience of observing life by Bulgakov himself. In the created image, Bulgakov, as it were, declared that good and evil in life are inseparable and are eternal essences of life.

The juxtaposition of good and evil in the two layers of the novel led to the conclusion that good and evil in The Master and Margarita exist in inseparable unity. If the opposition of good and evil as polar principles was formed in the dualistic ideas about the world, then it is also obvious that these concepts can exist only relative to each other. In this case, evil plays an extremely important role, since only thanks to it we learn good, or more precisely, evil leads us to good. In the novel The Master and Margarita, good and evil are not two different phenomena opposed to each other, they represent a single picture of the world. The manifestations of good and evil are valuable in their unity.

The hypothesis did not find its confirmation, because in this novel we saw that good and evil are in equilibrium without a clear advantage of good, and evil is not always opposed to good.

List of used literature

1. Abraham P. Pavel Florensky and Mikhail Bulgakov. Philosophical Sciences. 1990.
2. Abraham P.R. The novel "The Master and Margarita" by M. Bulgakov in the aspect of literary traditions. - M., 1989
3. Belobrovtseva I., Kulius S. Roman M. Bulgakova "The Master and Margarita". Commentary / I. Belobrovtseva, S. Kulius. - M., 2007.
4. Bulgakov M.A. Collected Works. In 5 volumes. V. 5. The Master and Margarita. - M., 1992.
5. Bulgakov M.A. Unknown Bulgakov. M., 1993.
6. Bulgakov M.A. Grand Chancellor: Draft editions of the novel "The Master and Margarita" / Publ., Joining Art. and comments. V. Losev. M., 1992.

I really liked the novel The Master and Margarita, which is exciting and mystical. There is a lot of humor. Regarding good and evil ... It is certain that everything is not so simple there - not like in fairy tales.

For example, Woland is evil itself, in theory, but it turns out that he himself punishes the evil and has humor. His entourage are not villains - they certainly do not look like monsters. Although vampires appear in the novel (in a variety show they scare), and witches (fly on brooms), and zombies (at the ball), and werewolves (turned into a pig) ... But they only "play pranks", they obey higher "authorities", just in case.

Behemoth (which is a cat) and Bassoon (checkered) simply laugh at human greed, for example.

The stage in the circus with the distribution of money, which then turn into candy wrappers, alone is worth a lot.

And the good is Yeshua. But he is shown as if weak, he does not give happiness to the Master, only peace. Woland is ready to argue with Yeshua, with his messenger.

In general, good and evil in this novel is not black and white. Everything is complicated, here evil can be good. It's just that the "evil" here have more severe methods of influence.

Evil, rather, is the Moscow inhabitants. For the Master, for example, the critics who persecuted him. For the poet Bezdomny, they are doctors who, in an insane asylum, do not want to believe him. But everyone can be understood! People are weak, even Woland himself pities them.

Once the main character is angry. Margarita takes revenge on criticism for the unfortunate fate of the Master. She angrily smashes his rich apartment. She releases her anger by becoming a witch. But maybe she did, in fact, a good thing for him ... Suddenly, this was the only way she could break his attachment to things. What if he calls the repairmen and falls in love with the girl who works in the delivery service? That is, after reading the novel, I came to the conclusion that any good can lead to evil, and any evil can lead to good.

If everything in life were painted either white or black! It would be so easy ... But we studied fairy tales in elementary school. It's more complicated. I want to believe that everything leads to good.

But now peace has been granted to the Master. It seems to be good. But if the Master actually goes crazy, then it turns out that it was a bad gift. Or the owner of a bad apartment suddenly found himself on the sea, so suddenly, if he stayed, then his blow would be enough from unexpected guests? It is probably very important what a person does with what he does in life. You can try to wrap everything up for good.

These people are trying to simplify everything: plus or minus. And so you look at some event or person: is it good or bad. And it is difficult to answer unequivocally ...

A short essay Master and Margarita - Good and Evil

In Bulgakov's novel, there is a whole hierarchy of concepts of good and evil, which differs from the usual everyday concept. The author develops his hierarchy in the system of the main characters, which is clearly divided into the world of people and the world of a higher power. In each of the worlds there are representatives of both good and evil.

So, on the side of good, dark forces unexpectedly appear, doing their dirty deeds in Moscow and even causing some harm to the inhabitants of this city. What kind of good is that? But if you think about it, the harm done to people is just a way to curb a crazy people who are only interested in money. It's like a way to pull them out of the narrow outlook of monetary needs in which they are imprisoned, to awaken in them the real evil that temporarily sleeps in every person.

Thus, Woland's retinue represents both good and evil, which is very contradictory. The main good they do is the return of the Master to Margarita, and the eternal peace given to both of them. These two characters seem to represent the crown of the creation of mankind, these are people who have experienced pain and suffering, but at the same time they remained people only thanks to love.

Residents of Moscow represent the side of evil. This is Berlioz, who does not believe in anything, who paid for his disbelief and disrespect for the higher powers of good and evil, and members of Massolit, who were not destroyed by Woland's retinue, but were terribly frightened by them for their greed and greed. They were not destroyed only because they still had a small fear of the higher, so they still have a chance to save their souls.

Thanks to all these heroes, the author reveals his main idea. The whole trouble of humanity is in their vices, which are passed from generation to generation, from century to century. A person does not change, this is the author's conclusion. All people are greedy for money, for wealth and prosperity, but you should not blame and blame people for this, because this is their nature.

This work proves the paradox of belief in the divine and the satanic. Faith in God offers hope and prayer, and faith in Satan the justice that is so lacking in the world.

Composition number 3

Mikhail Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita is, like the author himself, a very contradictory and unusual work. It reflects the deep personality of the writer, his complex spiritual essence.

The heroes of this book illustrate the manifestations of certain human feelings and emotions. But at the same time, none of them can be unequivocally attributed to the positive or negative side. Each hero of this novel embodies the features of both the dark and the light side, in fact, just like any person in real life.

The characters in the work are so complex and ambiguous that even those characters that at first glance seem to be strictly negative (be it Woland and his entire retinue) or strictly positive (be it the Master himself or Yeshua Ha-Nozri), in fact, are constantly on the edge of good and evil. All of them are not ideal, and even in the brightest hero, the author seeks to show his vices and shortcomings inherent in ordinary people. And yet the novel contains a vivid juxtaposition of opposing forces. For example, in the historical part devoted to the biblical legend about Jesus Christ and presented here in the form of the author's work of the Master, the "confrontation" between the Roman procurator Pilate and the beggar preacher Yeshua is clearly shown.

As for Woland, this character, oddly enough and not surprising, is not the personification of evil, as we are used to understanding it. Woland appears in the novel as a kind of yardstick, a judge of the moral processes that took place in the novel. He tests the heroes of the novel, and then bears them punishment or, on the contrary, retribution. Satan appears as a model of justice and nobility, no matter how strange it may sound.

Essay on the theme of Good and Evil in Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita

"The Master and Margarita" is a subtle, extraordinary and leaving behind a lot of questions, the creation of the great and unique genius of the pen Mikhail Bulgakov MA. He put a lot of effort and patience into writing it, worked on its creation for more than one year. The result is a masterpiece that has now been sold throughout the world in more than one edition. And it was filmed several times.

Until now, literary scholars and critics disagree in their assessments and opinions about this literary work. But one thing is certain - it has forever gone down in the history of literature, as one of the most impressive and at the same time completely unintelligible and unsolved.

This novel is striking in its content. He presents good and makes fun of evil. In it, one of the main roles belongs to the hero who personifies debauchery and immorality - the devil Woland. But the most interesting thing is that through this character, the author makes fun of the flaws and vices of humanity. This can be seen in many scenes. For example, in a variety show, when Satan reveals to the public greed and the ability to do anything for money. But the actions of Woland testify not to the malice and cruelty of his nature, but rather to an attempt in this way to eradicate human barbarism, debauchery and ignorance.

Also, it is fascinating that the thread of the story written by the Master about the good Yeshua Ga Nozri, who lived for many centuries before the implementation of the described events, runs through the whole story. He appeared before the procurator, famous for his cowardice and cruelty. Withstood the impending doom with honor. But did the procurator hold out? After all, he sympathized with the guy, knew that he was innocent and did not want to execute. But he did it anyway. Probably, the author tried to convey to the reader that there are no frames for good and evil, they exist anywhere, regardless of time, whether it is past, present or future.

And in his work, Bulgakov, as it were, opposes Woland and Yeshua, or, more correctly, draws a parallel between them. He describes the same features of body and character. For example, the description of the right eye (for Yeshua - blacked out, for Woland - with a wormhole) or knowledge of languages ​​(both of them had more than one foreign language in their luggage). This also applies to other details. But why does he touch the same details. Perhaps he wanted to show that good and evil can have the same features, but differ in their essence.

The contribution of any outstanding person who has made some effort on himself and developed the field entrusted to him, as a rule, is quite significant for this field.