Give a definition of the term separatism. What

SEPARATISM SEPARATISM (fr. Separatisme, from lat. Separatus - separate) - the desire to separate, to isolate; movement for the separation of a part of the state and the creation of a new state entity or for the granting of autonomy to a part of the country. S.'s difference from the national liberation movement is subjective (evaluative) in nature.

A large legal dictionary. - M .: Infra-M. A. Ya. Sukharev, V. E. Krutskikh, A. Ya. Sukhareva. 2003 .

See what "SEPARATISM" is in other dictionaries:

- (new lat., from lat. separare to divide, separate). The desire to separate from the majority; splitting off in matters of faith or political, schism, heresy. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov AN, 1910. SEPARATISM desire ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

separatism- a, m. séparatisme m. Striving for separation, isolation. ALS 1. The desire to separate from the majority and make up their own strike; osprey, strike, communion. Dahl. The desire to separate from the majority; split off in matters of faith and politics, schism, ... ... Historical Dictionary of Russian Gallicisms

- (fr. separatisme from lat. separatus separate), striving for separation, isolation; movement for the separation of a part of the state and the creation of a new state entity or for the granting of autonomy to a part of the country. Unlike nationally ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

SEPARATISM, separatism, many others. no, husband. (separated from Lat. separatus). Striving for separation, isolation from the majority for one purpose or another (book). || A political movement aimed at separating some region from the state (polit ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

SEPARATISM, ah, husband. (book). Striving for separation, isolation. The policy of separatism. | adj. separatist, oh, oh. Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

Noun., Number of synonyms: 3 striving for isolation (1) striving for separation (1) ... Synonym dictionary

- (from Lat. separatio separation) English. separatism; German Separatismus. 1. Striving for isolation, separation. 2. Movement towards the independence of a certain group, organization, striving for separation from a large association. Antinazi. Encyclopedia ... ... Encyclopedia of Sociology

- (separate from the English separates) policy of the regional economy, the desire to create its own independent market, to obtain full economic independence and independence from the center, BA Raizberg, L.Sh. Lozovsky, EB Starodubtseva .. Modern ... ... Economic Dictionary

- (fr. separatisme, from lat. sepaiatus separate) 1) theory, policy and practice of isolation, separation of part of the territory of the state in order to create a new independent state or obtain the status of a very broad autonomy; 2) movement for ... ... Political science. Dictionary.

Separatism- any act aimed at violating the territorial integrity of the state, including the separation of a part of the territory from it, or the disintegration of the state, committed by force, as well as planning and preparation of such ... ... Official terminology

Books

• , Kholodny V.I .. This book is a search axiological metaphysics, the author's methodology of teaching it and an alternative textbook. The author believes that all the mysterious meanings of the human ...
• Russian World Idea and Ukrainian separatism, Kholodny V. This book is a search axiological metaphysics, the author's methodology for teaching it and an alternative teaching aid. The author believes that all the mysterious meanings of the human ...

Separatus - separate (lat.) - striving for separation. It is expressed in politics, ideology, real practice of a part of society that strives for sovereignty in relation to others or to society as a whole. The consequence of separation is an autonomous existence, independent development.

Separatism is a large-scale social phenomenon, complex, multifactorial, rooted in a deep history. As a rule, it is determined by the social structure of the regions (ethnic, confessional, national, demographic ...), the peculiarities of culture and historical traditions, political and economic development, etc. The ripening of this abscess in society can be accompanied by violence and, inevitably, numerous human casualties. Therefore, it is very important to timely identify the causes of its occurrence, foresee the destructive consequences and take all the necessary political, ideological, economic measures so that disagreements in society do not take extreme forms, so that the state does not have to use armed forces on its own territory, against its own citizens.

From the point of view of politics and law, separatism is closely related to the concept of sovereignty. The recognition of sovereignty often becomes the only means of resolving the desire for independence. Humanity faced the problem of separatism a very long time ago, but its virus only recently took on a global scale. On one hand, one can count the countries in which there are no separatist sentiments. Even in the "well-fed" USA, residents of 7 states, including Texas and Florida, collected signatures about secession from the USA, referring to the "Declaration of Independence", just as their forefathers did with respect to Great Britain on July 4, 1776.

With a strong central government and a stable legal system, the disease of separatism is latent, but with violent force it spills out, in crisis, turning points, when the state is weakened by political, economic, revolutionary upheavals. This is especially evident in the post-Soviet space. If, in general, the divorce from the former Soviet republics was relatively civil, then for the territories annexed in 1939-40, it ended in violent Russophobia and the rehabilitation of fascism.

With some delay, "nostalgia" for the times of Stepan Bandera and Roman Shukhevych also embraced the leadership of "Independent Ukraine", which, instead of a unifying balanced state policy that takes into account all national, ethno-cultural differences and political aspirations of various parts of society, took the path of Russophobia and escalation of military confrontation with its 4 million Russian-speaking population of the South-East. What's the bottom line? Ruined cities, innumerable casualties on both sides, tens of thousands of refugees and the loss of the Crimean peninsula. And the worst thing is that the leadership of Ukraine, which is dominated by immigrants from Western Ukraine, did not destroy separatism, but drove it deep inside, a big mine, ready to explode again at any "convenient" opportunity.

The ideas of separatism are expressed by the most active part of the “rebel territory”. It can be a political movement, political party or public association. They put forward demands, programs, develop tactics, carry out mass actions (processions, demonstrations, rallies, marches) and create their own bodies of power, administration and security in a democratic way.

Representatives of the Donetsk Republic, Novorossiya, the South-East movement, the Kiev authorities hastened to christen the separatists. Can they be considered as such? After all, at first, the leaders of the opposition movements in the southeast advocated expanding the rights of the region as part of a single state of Ukraine, later for a special status, and in a referendum on May 11, 2014, the population spoke in favor of federalizing Ukraine. Did they threaten the integrity of the Ukrainian state? No! And when it became clear that the authorities with dubious legitimacy were incapable of any compromises and dialogues, they were forced to bristle with self-defense units ...

For Russia, comprehending the problem of separatism boils down to the understanding that a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional state can develop steadily only with a balanced and reasonable policy that takes into account all the painful factors causing separatist sentiments. In conditions of economic crisis, the source of internal conflict can be the problem of uneven development of territories, the relationship between the center and the periphery. Therefore, it is very important to take timely adequate measures to eliminate the causes that give rise to internal conflicts and clashes that can destroy the state. Despite the serious chronic backwardness of individual republics and regions, the center has been allocating billions of dollars (subsidies) to them for years to align in civilizational development. Fortunately, Russian hydrocarbons are still in demand by the West.

Thus, for all the inconsistency of the problem of separatism, the international community in modern conditions should be more respectful of the will of the people who have chosen the path of independence and, on the contrary, condemn state regimes that have turned out to be unable to ensure the harmony of interests of their population and resorting to violence. Because, ultimately, any confrontation with the separatists ends the same way.

What is Separatism

Separatism Is a term that means the desire of people belonging to the same ethnic, religious, racial or other group to separate from a larger community or nation.

Separatism. Causes of occurrence.

As a rule, separatist movements are formed for reasons of cultural oppression, ethnic violence, denial of rights and other harassment of a certain group of people.

Sometimes the occurrence of this phenomenon is associated with the desire to obtain certain expanded rights and powers in the field of self-government. Economics, politics or religion can be an important factor for such sentiments. For example, when a certain group of people believes that the dominant majority retains public wealth, discriminating against this group in terms of political power and religion.

Another, unfortunately very urgent reason now, may be the correction of historical errors. For example, when a group wants to return land that it believes has been mistakenly accepted by another group. Unfortunately, history knows examples when, for a similar reason, separatist cells and parts of the territory of one country were artificially created, illegally transferred to another. The best example is the annexation of the Sudetenland in 1938.

Reaction to separatism.

It should be understood that, depending on the reasons for separatist disturbances and the environment in which they took place, history knows a lot of different reactions to such phenomena.

The diplomatic path.

In more developed states, when such questions arise, the government tries to diplomatically solve the problem, giving the separatists broader powers and conditions for improving life. In such cases, it should be understood that the demands of the separatists must be reasonable and logical. If the conflict cannot be resolved in this way, then, according to the current legislation, they are carried out on the issue of separation. As a rule, preparation and campaigning for such expressions of will takes years. At the same time, all parties have complete freedom in campaigning and presenting their arguments for and against. An excellent example of such a civilized expression of will is the "Referendum on the Independence of Scotland."

Aggressive path.

In cases where the demands of the separatists are unfounded and aggressive, the government may decide to confront even through military action. The correctness or incorrectness of such actions can only be judged on the basis of the legality of everything that happens.

Bottom line.

Although the concept of "separatism" in most cases has a negative connotation, it should not be considered only in this context. History knows examples of well-founded divisions that have brought positive aspects to the existence of mankind. It should be remembered that the emergence of the United States is the result of separatism. The American colonists felt that they were politically and economically oppressed by their British colonial rulers. They wanted to be a self-governing country and fought successfully in the American Revolutionary War to gain independence from Britain.

On April 14, the 14th Ukraine launched an anti-terrorist operation with the aim of returning government buildings, strategic infrastructure of the Donetsk region. The Separatists are a haphazard group of local men, police / militia, mysterious armed ‘green men’, gopniks (Russian slang for street hooligans), titushki (hired thugs), and an assortment of retirees who serve as the first line of defense.

Local residents, Ukrainian bloggers call these foreigners, with a clear Russian accent - "Colorados" (the term comes from the Colorado pest beetle, which contains black and yellow stripes - like the St. George ribbons of the pro-Russian forces).

Armed with weapons stolen from local arsenals or provided by Russian security forces, the separatists have taken a counter-stance towards Ukraine. For the Ukrainian government, they are anti-government forces serving Russian interests who disguise themselves as critics of the central government in Kiev.

For the Russian state, the separatists are ethnic compatriots, Russian-speaking, whose rights are under threat - any action against them could lead to the intervention of the Russian military.

Separatism - Ukrainian separatists - Self-determination

Proclamations containing conflicting demands (federalization of Ukraine / joining Russia) were included in the referendum. Similar proclamations occurred in Odessa, Kharkov and other places - the separatists significantly appreciated which of their demands would be picked up by local and foreign (Russian) circles.

Although pro-Russian forces successfully seized government buildings, local residents did not seem to have been thrilled with their actions. The self-proclaimed republics created the uncertainty of the situation in Ukraine. Military operations of the separatists - the seizure of buildings, the mobilization of the population for the war, and later their arming - take place under the slogans of self-determination and under the cover of armed individuals without formal military insignia. Who centrally coordinates their actions is not difficult to determine.

Separatism in eastern Ukraine rests on claims to overthrow Viktor Yanukovych, the president-elect from Donetsk. These claims cover the full range of displeasure: from linguistic discrimination (the law establishing Ukrainian as the only official language) to political (direct election of governors, local control over tax revenues), and Kiev's unwillingness to see many of the region's socio-economic ills.

These goals are very similar to the Euromaidan movement. The Maidan began after Yanukovych refused to sign the European Union Association Agreement. Maidan includes a wide range of demands against Yanukovych himself and the status quo of Ukraine.

Separatist forces have become a focal point for local complaints that have escalated in the wake of the sudden change in political power. The current government has in its ranks only 10 percent of ministers from the south and east of Ukraine, while under Yanukovych this percentage was 75. This turn of political power from eastern Ukraine to western Ukraine has exacerbated the confrontation in the Russian-speaking and Ukrainian-speaking regions of Ukraine.

Transnistria and Ukraine are an illustration of separatism as an instrument of political technologies.

The idea of ​​separatism as a means of discontent is ignored by the Western press, where the separatists inevitably look like a homogeneous ‘pro-Russian’ mass. Russian media see the same protesters as groups of resistance to the fascist regime of Kiev, which came to power in a coup d'état led by the West.

The discontent of the separatists is not local. Their dissatisfaction with the current state of affairs is a common occurrence throughout the post-Soviet space: the countries of the former USSR have experienced unprecedented social, political, economic upheavals that continue to this day.

What separatism does well is it creates tension in conflict in which compromise becomes increasingly difficult. In response to this seeming incommensurability of worldviews, individuals and groups, putting forward opposing points of view, adapt to the contours of everyday reality.

In Moldova and Ukraine, the idea of ​​a Slavic-Orthodox civilization is a key concept for those who support the separatists. This ideology works exclusively against the chimeric West.
The Dniester River, an unremarkable border between Ukraine and Moldova, now means a civilizational split. As Moldova seeks to get closer to the EU, becomes more and more European and less Orthodox, then Transnistria is becoming more and more "Russian" as a state standard in the field of education, economics, and law.

From this point of view, people can be either Slavic-Orthodox or European, not because these designations reflect an objective difference, but simply because these are now terms of positioning each other.

These political abstractions make coexistence impossible.

Separatism, which inevitably arises in conflicts, only intensifies the polarization of beliefs.

I am not a separatist - We were divided

Criminally perezidvannya Putina pochati negativno

Separatism separation is the policy and practice of isolation, separation of part of the territory of the state in order to create a new independent state or obtain the status of very broad autonomy (individual freedom of action; independence). Separatism leads to a violation of the sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of the state, the principle of inviolability of borders and, as experience shows, can be the source of the most acute interstate and interethnic conflicts. At the same time, one cannot fail to see that the reasons for separatism are very often associated with gross violations of human and peoples' rights, national, racial and religious groups (minorities). In this regard, separatism can play a significant positive role, as was the case, for example, in the struggle against the yoke of colonialism, for the formation of new young national states. Separatism today creates many complex and acute problems in the life of both developed and developing countries. Separatism played its role in the collapse of the USSR, the former Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia.Separatism is usually subdivided into two types: religious and ethnic. in the first case - the movement of a religious minority for secession, in the other - an ethnic movement. Separatism also differs in the goals pursued by the respective groups of people. Firstly, separatism is singled out, the purpose of which is to separate and form a new independent state, vivid examples of such separatism are Kurdish separatism in Turkey and Uyghur separatism in China and Central Asia. Secondly, separatism, with the aim of separating and joining another state, for example, the movement to join Mongolia's autonomous region of China Inner Mongolia. Thirdly, separatist movements, the goal of which is only to obtain greater autonomy while maintaining the region as part of the state, the struggle to expand the rights of autonomy of Corsica in France. Also, separatism differs in the process of flow in developed and developing countries. As a rule, almost always the bulk of the striking developing countries are people of the lower strata, and the reasons for their discontent, as a rule, are the economically unsuccessful development of the region, in such countries separatism is usually suppressed by force, for example, into separatism in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the PRC ... In developed countries, the sentiments, on the contrary, are less extremist, ideas are usually expressed in granting more autonomy, rather than secession, and often movements are represented by a party that defends these demands, and such separatism is suppressed in a soft way, without the use of force, for example. The types of separatism are also distinguished according to the groups of strikers and their demands. For example, there are 3 types of demands: demand for disadvantaged political and economic benefits, demand for independence, and indigenous peoples' struggle for rights and land. If we divide the strikers into 3 groups according to their social status, then it turns out that the actions of the elites are conditioned by the need for power, the middle strata - by national discrimination, and the lower strata - by economic factors, as a rule, this is the gap between social status.