Chichikov today is a talented entrepreneur or a cunning swindler. Who is Chichikov scoundrel or entrepreneur

Egor
Chichikov is a character whose life story is given in all details. From the eleventh chapter we learn that Pavlusha belonged to a poor noble family. The father of the protagonist left him a legacy of half a copper and a covenant to study diligently, to please teachers and bosses and, most importantly, to save and save a penny. all lofty concepts only hinder the achievement of the cherished goal. That is why Pavlusha makes his way in life by his own efforts, without relying on anyone's patronage. He builds his well-being at the expense of other people: deceit, bribery, embezzlement, fraud at customs - the tools of the protagonist. No setbacks can break his greed. And every time, committing unseemly acts, he easily finds an excuse for himself. Each chapter expands our understanding of Chichikov’s capabilities and leads to the idea of ​​his amazing variability: with Manilov he is sugary-amiable, with Korobochka he is petty-persistent and rude, with Nozdryov he is assertive and cowardly, with Sobakevich he bargains cunningly and relentlessly, Plyushkin conquers with his "generosity". In Chichikov's character there is also Manilov's love for the phrase, for the "noble" gesture, and the petty stinginess of Korobochka, and the narcissism of Nozdrev, and the rude stinginess, the cold cynicism of Sobakevich, and the hoarding of Plyushkin. Chichikov is a kind of mirror of each of the landlords listed above, because he has all the qualities that form the basis of their characters. But at the same time, Chichikov is different from his counterparts on the estates, he is a man of the new time, a businessman and an acquirer, he has all the qualities necessary for this. However, he is also a “dead soul”, because the “shining joy” of life is inaccessible to him. Our hero pacifies his blood, which "played strongly", gets rid of human feelings almost completely. The idea of ​​success, enterprise, practicality obscure all emotional impulses in him. True, Gogol notes that in Chichikov there is no Plyushkin's stupid automatism: “In him there was no attachment to money for the sake of money, he was not possessed by stinginess and stinginess. No, they did not move him, - he imagined life ahead in all contentment, so that finally later, over time, he would certainly taste all this, that's what the penny was saved for. “Selflessness”, patience and strength of character of the protagonist allow him to constantly be reborn and show tremendous energy to achieve his goal. Chichikov knows how to adapt to any microcosm, even the appearance of the hero is such that he will suit any situation: “not handsome, but not bad-looking”, “not too fat, not too thin”, “middle-aged man” - everything in him is indefinite , nothing stands out. However, oddly enough, our hero is the only character capable of manifesting the movements of the soul. At the end of the poem, the author outlines some prospects for the spiritual rebirth of the protagonist. The overcoming of evil lies, according to the writer, not in social reconstruction, but in the inexhaustible potential of the Russian people. Unfortunately, the second volume of "Dead Souls" was burned, and the third was not written, so the reader could not find out how Gogol leads Chichikov to a moral revival.

Peter
scoundrel businessman

Heraclius
both

Svyatoslav
Merzlikin ON

Arseniy
Entrepreneur with wicked intentions

Valery
and a scoundrel and an entrepreneur

Ostromir
Now he seems to be an entrepreneur.

Anisim
enterprising swindler

Arkady
A scoundrel and an entrepreneur are similar concepts in many respects, honest merchants can be counted on the fingers, since the law "you can't deceive - you can't sell" is in effect

Dmitry
Connected Entrepreneur

Emelyan
normal approach to business ... shadow economy))))) ... many people live like that

Vissarion
the first literary businessman - this is his genius

Mstislav
In those days, a scoundrel, now he would be an entrepreneur

Chichikov, who is he: an entrepreneur - an adventurer or a scammer
The poem “Dead Souls” by the writer N.V. Gogol is written in the author’s unusual language, emphasizing, on the one hand, the seriousness of creation, and on the other, a mockery of human adaptability.
After all, it is Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov who is depicted as a kind of person who has no conscience, but in parallel with this he goes ahead to his goals. His dad taught him to only deal with people who have the financial means, and the bigger the better.

Moreover, do not forget to save your own money, as they are better than people and will help in “difficult times”.

That is, in other words, any connections should be supported by something more important and weighty.

Thus, leading the reader to the idea that Chichikov belongs more to the class of adventurous entrepreneurs than to scammers. Indeed, for each of the other heroes of the poem, for example, with Manilov, Plyushkin, Korobochka, with whom he communicates. His face is like a mask changing.

And this is done to achieve only a positive result.

It is not for nothing that Gogol describes his long-awaited profession with flattering words, from which one does not seem to expect anything good. And when he became a prominent person, Chichikov still does not miss the moment to show himself from different positive sides in business. After all, the qualities that Pavel Ivanovich possessed, his “iron” character, agility, vigilance, foresight and ingenuity, were used against his interlocutors.
Entrepreneur is an adventurer with a mixture of various qualities characteristic of unresponsive and overly frugal people. Another significant appearance is described by the author as an average man of pleasant appearance. After all, not only the internal convictions of Pavel Ivanovich are important in him, but also external restraint and neatness.

All these characteristics of Chichikov show the reader as if he is a person with a completely different perception of the world and the people around him, from which he only benefits.

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Composition on the topic: “Chichikov, who is he: an entrepreneur - an adventurer or a fraudster”

"scoundrel", "purchaser". In the eleventh chapter of the first volume, the writer tells in detail about the life path of Chichikov from birth to the moment when this "hero" started buying up dead souls; how Chichikov's character was formed, what vital interests, formed in him under the influence of the environment, guided his behavior. Even as a child, his father taught him: “most of all please teachers and bosses ... hang out with those who are richer so that they can be useful to you on occasion ... and most of all, take care and save a penny, this thing is most reliable in the world .. You will do everything and break through the world with a penny."

"with a great mind on the practical side", he successfully accumulated money. Service in various institutions developed and polished his natural data in Chichikovo - a practical mind, deft ingenuity, hypocrisy, patience, the ability to "comprehend the spirit of the boss", find a weak string in a person's soul and the ability to influence it for personal purposes.

"He became a noticeable person. Everything turned out to be in him that is necessary for this world: both pleasantness in turns and actions, and glibness in business affairs." All this distinguished Chichikov in his further service; this is how he appears to us during the purchase of dead souls. "Irresistible strength of character", "agility, insight and clairvoyance", all his ability to charm a person, Chichikov puts into play in order to achieve the desired enrichment. Widely applying all his practical ingenuity, courtesy and resourcefulness, Chichikov managed to charm both the provincial town and the estates. He knows how to approach everyone in a special way, subtly calculating his moves and adapting the manner of address and the very tone of speech to the character of the landowner. The reader is struck by the inexhaustible variety of shades and subtleties of his treatment of Manilov, Korobochka, Nozdrev, Sobakevich, Plyushkin, with the personalities of the provincial society, etc. Chichikov's internal "many-sidedness", elusiveness is also emphasized by his appearance, given by Gogol in indefinite tones. “In the britzka sat a gentleman who was not handsome, but not bad-looking either, neither too fat nor too thin, one cannot say that he was old, but not so much that he was too young.” Chichikov's facial expression is constantly changing, depending on who and what he is talking about.

“I tried to tell him (his face) a lot of different expressions: now important and sedate, now respectful, but with a certain smile, then simply respectful without a smile; several bows were released into the mirror, accompanied by obscure sounds, somewhat similar to French, although in French Chichikov did not know at all. Chichikov is outwardly tidy, loves cleanliness, is dressed in a good, fashionable suit, is always carefully shaved, and perfumed; he always wears clean underwear and a fashionable dress "of brown and reddish tones with a spark" or "the color of Navarino smoke with flames." And this outward neatness, cleanliness of Chichikov, strikingly contrasting with the internal dirt and uncleanliness of this hero, fully completes the image of a "scoundrel", "acquirer", a predator who uses everything to achieve his main goal - the profit of acquisition. Gogol satirically castigates his "scoundrel" hero, a representative of those predators, of whom there were many in the 1930s, when bourgeois-capitalist forces had already begun to develop within the framework of the feudal-serf system. The language of "Dead Souls" is exceptionally rich and original.

less than in their actions, deeds. But the speech of the author-narrator unites the various stylistic tones of the work. Simple and at the same time solemn, inspired, sublime and exciting, it makes the whole work a poetic creation, integral and complete, one with all the different voices resounding in it - from Manilov to the postmaster telling the story of Captain Kopeikin. Gogol, having developed his own special, original genre of the poem, corresponding to all its content, achieved an amazing unity of style and sound.

"Dead Souls" created a new type of prose, in which the opposite elements of creativity - laughter and tears, satire and lyrics - inseparably merged. Never before have they met in the same work of art. The epic narrative in "Dead Souls" is continually interrupted by the author's excited lyrical monologues, evaluating the character's behavior or reflecting on life, on art. The true lyrical hero of this book is Gogol himself. We hear his voice all the time. The author-narrator is, as it were, an indispensable participant in all the events taking place in the poem. He is invisibly present everywhere. He closely monitors the behavior of his characters and actively influences the reader. Moreover, the author's voice is completely devoid of didactics, because this image is perceived from within, as a representative of the same reflected reality as other characters in Dead Souls. The image of the author is precisely the character created by the artist, having his own character and language, having his own attitude to life, his own complex spiritual and moral world.

This lyrical character gives the whole story a kind of emotional coloring. The lyrical voice of the author reaches the greatest tension on those pages that are directly dedicated to the Motherland, Russia. Such an important topic for him as the future of Russia, its own historical fate and place in the fate of mankind is woven into Gogol's lyrical reflections. Passionate lyrical monologues of Gogol were the expression of his poetic dream of correct reality. They revealed a poetic world, in contrast to which the world of human self-interest and baseness was even more clearly exposed.

Sections: Literature

Target. Analyzing chapter 11 of the poem, draw the attention of students to one of the extraordinary phenomena in the history of Russian culture of the 19th century: the unconditionally positive heroes of the 18th century, in which the moral ideal of the era of classicism was embodied, were replaced by “strange characters”, immoral and enterprising.

Tasks.

• Describe the attitude of the writer towards his character.
• Find out the meaning of the image of the main character, Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov.
• Discuss the ratio of enterprise, ingenuity in the search for ways to enrich and give a moral assessment of these properties.

Equipment: electronic presentation, handout cards with excerpts from chapter 11 of the poem and questions for analysis.

The class is preliminarily divided into 3 groups, in each group there is one speaker, one co-speaker, the rest complement.

During the classes

1. Introductory speech of the teacher.

In the 19th century, the undoubtedly positive heroes of the last century, who embodied the moral ideal of the era of classicism, were replaced by “strange” characters, immoral and enterprising. The appearance of such a hero as Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov was a real revolution in Russian literature. A strange hero and a strange poem. This is evidenced by the well-known correspondence between V. G. Belinsky and K. Aksakov, who compared Dead Souls with the Iliad and considered Gogol the Homer of the new time. Why was such a hero possible? And who is he, Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov, a clever "combinator", a hero-acquirer or a scoundrel, as the author calls him? Or maybe in Russia one phenomenon is unthinkable without the other?

1. In Father Pavlusha's advice, what moral values ​​are opposed to money? Is it possible to agree with such a system of values, why is it dangerous?
2. Is the father's instruction consistent with the moral code of Christianity? What moral laws of the Bible disagree with Father Pavlusha's advice?
3. What is the moral assessment of the author of the instruction himself, Father Pavlusha? Justify your answer.
4. Does the father of his son teach meanness or entrepreneurship, speaking about the power of a penny?

3. Work in groups.

Main question:

How did Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov learn the instructions of his father?

Group 1. Analysis of the episode about the aged assistant.

1. Can the punishment of a bad boss be considered immoral?
2. Is it possible to protect good by punishing evil with evil?
3. How to evaluate the act of Chichikov in relation to the daughter of an elderly clerk - enterprise or meanness?

Conclusion: the story with the povytchik is the first moral threshold that Chichikov crossed. Then it went on knurled.

Group 2. Analysis of the episode “Fighting Bribes” (from the words “You need to know that at the same time ...” to the words “The petitioner is right, of course, but now there are no bribe-takers ...”)

1. Who and what is more immoral - a person or the state, the bureaucracy that does not respect the interests of the individual, or the official himself, who uses social vices for personal enrichment?
2. How did Chichikov manage to turn the fight against bribes to his advantage? Enterprise or meanness manifested in this episode?
3. Can deception be moral?

Conclusion: Gogol's officials rob both the state and petitioners. Embezzlement, bribery, robbery of the population are everyday and quite natural phenomena. Gogol shows the immorality of officials even through the description of the government places where they serve. “There is a large three-storey stone house on the square, all white as chalk...” The author ironically explains: “... white as chalk, probably to depict the purity of the souls of the posts located in it.” These "pure souls" desire only one thing: to live widely at the expense of "the sums of their dearly beloved fatherland." The writer ridiculed greed, meanness, indifference to other people's troubles, bribery, narrow-mindedness - problems that are relevant in our time.

Group 3. Analysis of the episode “Serving as an Attorney” (from the words “From the orders he got ...” to the words “That's two hundred thousand capital”).

1. Can Chichikov be called a smart person?
2. Are intelligence and talent subject to moral evaluation?
3. How to characterize a society that values ​​wealth in human souls?

Conclusion: Chichikov is an expected and natural phenomenon in the Russian bureaucratic world, devoid of moral qualities. Pavel Ivanovich is a figurative generalization of a wide range of phenomena in Russian reality.

Questions to the class:

• What final assessment of the hero does the writer himself give? Read out.

“So, here is our hero, what he is! But they will perhaps demand a final definition in one line: who is he in relation to moral qualities? That he is not a hero, full of perfection and virtue, is evident. Who is he? so a scoundrel? Why is a scoundrel, why be so strict with others? Now there are no scoundrels among us, there are people who are well-intentioned, pleasant, and those who would put their physiognomy under a public slap in the face to general disgrace, only two or three people can be found, and even they are now talking about virtue. It is most fair to call him: the owner, the acquirer. Acquisition is the fault of everything; because of him things were done, to which the light gives the name of not very clean”

• What meaning does the writer put into the words “acquisition”, “acquirer”?
• Why are scoundrel and acquirer contrasted in this passage?
• Can one thing exist without the other?
• How can one explain the fact that Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov, a scoundrel hero, an entrepreneur and an acquirer, is sitting in a britzka that is rushing across the expanses of Russia?

Teacher's conclusion. Chichikov's path is fruitless. This futility is expressed through the wisdom of the popular saying about a deed not worth a damn. This proverb first appears long before the finale of volume 1, and with it Gogol sums up the Chichikov case. And this traditional popular conclusion contains both a sentence to the hero and the possibility, according to the author, of the coming revival. It is not for nothing that in the second volume Murazov repeats to himself: “Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov is a mysterious person for me. After all, if with a kind of will and perseverance, but for a good deed! Sorry Pavel Ivanovich. After all, the hero spends all his outstanding practical mind, will to overcome obstacles, knowledge of people, perseverance in achieving the goal on immoral, and sometimes simply immoral deeds. An entrepreneur, of course, must be a dexterous, energetic, practical person, but such concepts as conscience, loyalty to the word, honesty and nobility have always been part of a kind of “code of honor” of the Russian merchant. The only pity is that they were increasingly replaced by the bourgeois Chichikovs, whose ideal instead of conscience has become a penny.

4. Homework (optional)

1. Essay-reasoning “Is it possible to revive Chichikov?”
2. Draw up the Code of Honor for the Modern Entrepreneur.
3. Composition reasoning “Is Chichikov a bright strong personality or an ordinary little person?”
4. Prepare a series of illustrations for chapter 11.
5. Make a system of questions for the analysis of chapter 11.

Literature

1. Voropaev Vladimir “A matter taken from the soul”, magazine “Literature at school”, No. 4, 1998.
2. Zolotareva I.V., Mikhailova T.I. Lesson developments in Russian literature, Moscow 2004
3. Pudovkina I. “The world of man in the poem by N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls", newspaper "Literature", No. 12, 2001
4. Chizhova L.A. “Who is Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov - a scoundrel or an entrepreneur?”, Didakt magazine, No. 5, 1996.

Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol is one of the most brilliant authors of our vast Motherland. In his works, he always spoke about the sore, about what His Russia lived in His time. And he does it so well! This man really loved Russia, seeing what our country really is - unhappy, deceitful, lost, but at the same time - dear. Nikolai Vasilyevich in the poem "Dead Souls" gives a social profile of the then Russia. Describes landlordism in all colors, reveals all the nuances, characters. Among them, one of the most important, the main character of this poem, is Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov.

So who is he? The writer does not allow us to immediately and clearly understand what his hero looks like, whether he is fat or thin, not handsome, but not bad-looking. We cannot understand any of his human qualities. This is one of the most mysterious characters in Russian literature. Only in the eleventh chapter will we see and understand what Chichikov really is and what kind of upbringing he received.

How to understand whether he is an entrepreneur or an acquirer? In order to understand this, it is necessary to understand - what is the difference between these concepts? The acquirer is busy acquiring, that is, receiving something for personal use and rejoices. And the entrepreneur also acquires, but also does something with it ... He either resells or tries to multiply the thing he bought earlier. That is, he makes things work for him. So who is our Chichikov?

What is the point of buying dead souls? That they cost mere pennies, if they have any value at all. But according to the documents, they are exactly the same people as the living ones. That is, buying up the dead, our Pavel Ivanovich gave an insignificant amount of money for them, but received full-fledged peasants, on paper. And he didn't really need them. He had nowhere to place them, he also did not have an estate for work.

So it turns out that Chichikov is the acquirer. Perhaps we agree with Nikolai Vasilyevich, he already knew what he was talking about. After all, Pavel Ivanovich stopped at the same thing - he bought a hundred or two dead souls and calmed down. And what else could be done with them. But doesn't our hero have entrepreneurial traits? Try to persuade sleepy and greedy landlords to sell you dead souls. The only thing is that Chichikov manages to get out of all these delicate situations, and even make a deal for his own benefit. He was able to find an approach to each of the landowners. Those, in turn, are also cunning to disgrace. In the depths of their souls, understanding the illegality of the purchase and sale transactions they make, they still do not tell where to go, but go towards the swindler and become his accomplices.

Thus, Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol makes us understand that Russia will be behind the Chichikovs. Swindlers will never run out in our country, and there will always be someone who will support fraud and enter into a criminal relationship.

How do we, the inhabitants of the twenty-first century, perceive Pavel Ivanovich? Most consider him a safe crook. What is so special about deceiving the state? Now very, very many people are doing worse things. But in Gogol's time, the protagonist of his poem was the most disgusting character, whom nothing could justify.

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