Boris and Katerina. Katerina's internal struggle

Katerina and Boris in the play "The Thunderstorm" are characters at the level of which the love conflict of the work is realized. The feelings of young people were initially doomed, the love of Katerina and Boris was tragic: Katerina was married, cheating on her husband and running away with another person was below her moral principles. The author does not talk about the first meeting of Katerina and Boris, the reader learns about her from the words of Boris: “And then I foolishly decided to fall in love. Who? In a woman with whom even to talk something - you will never succeed! She goes with her husband, well, and the mother-in-law is with them! Well, am I not a fool? Look around the corner and go home. " It was not love, but rather falling in love at first sight. For Katya, feelings meant much more. In such a passion, the girl saw the very real and sincere love that her heart dreamed of. Therefore, the girl, whose upbringing did not allow her husband to be unfaithful, desperately tried to calm her heart. Katya's decision to go out to Boris in the garden was fatal. After ten nights of secret dates, Katerina confessed to her husband and mother-in-law that she felt for Boris. The last meeting of Katerina and Boris took place after Katya's conversation with Tikhon and Kabanikha.

Each of the heroes is looking for a meeting with each other, each has a feeling that they have to say something to each other. But both are silent. And there’s nothing to talk about. I must say that before the meeting, Katya was in a kind of borderline state. Scraps of thoughts and phrases, as if Katya wants to confess something important. The idea of ​​terrible lynching seemed to be in the air, not yet taking clear forms, but after meeting with Boris, the decision was finally made. What happened during their conversation?

Katya still hopes that she can be happy with this person; she seems to start making excuses for her actions, apologizing, asking for forgiveness. Her question about whether he forgot her makes the readers realize that there have been some changes in Katya's feelings. Boris responds to all the girl's remarks distantly, showing that he does not need anything. Katya learns that Boris is going to Siberia. And now, the last thing the girl decides to do: "Will you take me with you?"

The replica once again proves the strength of character, steadfastness and Katya's faith in this love. The girl desperately hopes for a positive answer. Dozens of others, more important, were actually focused on this issue. "Do you love me?", "What do our feelings mean to you?", "Am I wrong about you?" - and many others. Katya talks about herself, and Boris, at such an important moment for the girl, recalls his uncle: “I just asked my uncle for a minute, I wanted to say goodbye to the place where we met”.

Note, say goodbye to the place, not Katya. At this moment, Katerina receives answers to all her unasked questions, finally deciding to commit suicide. It was after these words that such a sharp and painful epiphany occurs, which the girl was so afraid of and at the same time waiting for.

Despite this, the girl is thinking about saying something important. Really important. But Boris hurries Katya, he doesn't have much time. The girl is silent about the fact that she has already decided to part with her life - this is a sacrifice not for the sake of Boris, but for her own sake. Death is not because of unhappy love (that would have vulgarized everything), but because of the inability to live honestly.
There is one remarkable detail in Katerina's farewell to Boris: Boris begins to guess what is in Katya's mind, wants to come closer, hug the girl. But Katerina pulls back. No, this is not an offense, not pride. Katya asks Boris to give alms to everyone who will ask her, to pray for her sinful soul. The girl finally releases Boris. And Boris leaves, not understanding the scale and significance of this conversation for Katya.

In his article "A Ray of Light in a Dark Kingdom" A. N. Dobrolyubov wrote: "The Thunderstorm is, without a doubt, the most decisive work of Ostrovsky ... There is even something refreshing and encouraging in" The Thunderstorm ". The Thunderstorm was written by Ostrovsky after his journey along the Volga as part of a literary expedition. This trip helped the playwright to more accurately and vividly reflect the life, customs, general atmosphere of the provincial cities of the XIX century, to recreate typical and vivid characters. One of the leading lines in the drama is the relationship between Katerina and Boris, since this relationship plays a large role in the tragedy played out in the play. Katerina is a proud, strong-willed, but impressionable and dreamy woman. She was brought up in an atmosphere of love and joy, lived among pious and nature-loving people, was free to dispose of her life as she wanted, therefore she now often and with joy remembers her home. Now she is married to a weak, weak-willed, completely subordinate to his mother Tikhon. Spiritual, poetic, light and romantic nature, she found herself in a house where harsh laws, lies, hypocrisy, hypocrisy reign, where the tyrant Kabanikha reigns, who no longer gives life to anyone. Freedom-loving and open Katerina constantly feels the heavy moral oppression of her mother-in-law, she is forced to patiently endure her unfair endless reproaches. This house is a prison for her, everything here is done "out of bondage." There is no kindred spirit next to Katerina, a person who could understand and support her. But then Boris appears in the city, who differs from other residents of Kalinov in appearance, manners, European clothes, education. Not knowing his inner world, Katerina creates in her soul an image that is unlike the real Boris in its qualities, but is capable of evoking her deep and selfless love. Who is Boris really, what is he like? Since childhood, Boris was brought up with his sister in Moscow. Their parents loved them and gave them an excellent education, but then they died of cholera: "My sister and I remained orphans." And then Boris's grandmother also died, leaving the entire inheritance to his uncle - a tyrant and rude, but the richest man in the city - the Wild one, punishing him to pay the necessary share to his nephews if they were respectful to him. However, Dikoy is not the kind of person to part with his money. And Boris patiently endures his uncle's bullying, being sure in advance that neither he nor his sister will receive a dime from Dikiy. Having fallen in love with Katerina, Boris does not think about the future, about the misfortune that he can bring to a married woman, which is obvious to those around him. Even the narrow-minded, but freedom-loving Kudryash anxiously warns him: “Oh, Boris Grigorich, quit nadot! .. It means you want to ruin her completely ... But what a people here! You know yourself. They will eat them, they will hammer them into the coffin ... Only you look - don't make any trouble for yourself, and don't put her in trouble either! Suppose, even though her husband is a fool, but her mother-in-law is painfully fierce. " Boris does not think about Katerina, he is led by his feelings, and this is reflected in his spinelessness, lack of life guidelines and clear moral principles. For a sincere and deeply religious Katerina, love for Boris is a sin, and not only before her lawful husband, but also before God. This is the reason for her internal conflict, her conscience is restless. However, in Boris, Katerina sees a strong personality capable of giving her support and protection, freeing her from the tightness and stuffiness of Kabanikha's house. Katerina's love is strong, deep, selfless, the girl is ready to sacrifice this feeling even her own moral principles: "If I was not afraid of sin for you, am I afraid of human judgment?" And yet, making a free choice, Katerina is very hard going through her betrayal. For her, this is a sin against conscience, but she is ready to sacrifice her life for the sake of her beloved, knowing that any sins are atoned for by suffering. It is not the rumor of people that worries her, but the purity of her own soul, and we see that until the very tragic end, Katerina does not betray herself. And what about Boris? When, at the beginning of the first date, Katerina chases him, exclaiming in despair: "Well, why didn't you ruin me if I left my house and go to you at night," Boris cowardly justifies himself: "Your will was for that." Such is all his love - weak, indecisive, sluggish, capable of taking but not giving. After all, by and large he has nothing to lose: in the city he is a new man, as he arrived, he will leave, a “free Cossack”. Upon learning that their connection has been revealed, he leaves at the behest of his uncle, leaving his beloved woman alone, despite the fact that he could save her, taking her with him, despite a bad feeling. It is enough only for lamentation: "Only one thing and we must ask God that she died as soon as possible, so that she does not suffer for a long time." Thus, love did not elevate and inspire him, but only turned out to be a new, heavy burden that aggravated his position in life. People like Boris are not hardened by life's trials, but they are bent more to the ground. Katerina, on the other hand, even by her death protested against the darkness, savagery, limited patriarchal life, against the stuffy atmosphere of Kalinov, and in this protest the author's faith in the spiritual strength of the Russian people and the expectation of future changes in Russian social life were revealed.

Ostrovsky's drama "The Thunderstorm" stands out from the great many of his plays thanks to Katerina. In drama, there is very rarely a “living” positive hero. As a rule, the author has enough colors for negative characters, but positive ones always come out primitively schematic. Perhaps because there is so little really good in this world. Katerina - the main character in Ostrovsky's drama - is the only thing that is good in that dark world, the “dark kingdom” of philistinism that surrounds her. The desire to fly - this is the main difference between Katerina and those people, into whose trap she fell, thanks to her marriage. But, unfortunately, there was only one way out of the trap for her.
From the words of Katerina, we learn about her childhood and adolescence. The girl did not receive a good education. She lived with her mother in the village. Katerina's childhood was joyful, cloudless. Mother in her “doted”, did not force her to work on the house. Katya lived freely: she got up early, washed herself with spring water, watered the flowers, went to church with her mother, then sat down to do some work and listened to the pilgrims and praying moths, which were many in their house. Katerina had magical dreams in which she flew under the clouds. And how strongly the act of a six-year-old girl contrasts with such a quiet, happy life when Katya, offended by something, ran away from her house to the Volga in the evening, got into a boat and pushed off the shore! ..
We see that Katerina grew up a happy, romantic, but limited girl. She was very devout and passionately loving. She loved everything and everyone around her: nature, the sun, the church, her home with wanderers, the beggars whom she helped. But the most important thing about Katya is that she lived in her dreams, apart from the rest of the world. From all that exists, she chose only what did not contradict her nature, the rest she did not want to notice and did not notice. Therefore, the girl saw angels in the sky, and for her the church was a place where everything is light, where you can dream.
But if she met on her way something that contradicted her ideals, then a rebellious and stubborn nature manifested in her and she defended herself from that stranger, stranger who dared to disturb her soul. This explains the case with the boat.
After marriage, Katya's life changed a lot. From a free, joyful, sublime world in which she felt her merger with nature, the girl found herself in a life full of deception, cruelty and doom. The point is not even that Katerina did not marry Tikhon of her own free will: she did not love anyone at all and she did not care who to marry. The fact is that the girl was robbed of her former life, which she had created for herself. Katerina no longer feels such a delight from attending church, she cannot do her usual things. Sad, disturbing thoughts do not allow her to calmly admire nature. Katya is left to endure, while she is patient, and to dream, but she can no longer live with her thoughts, because the cruel reality brings her back to earth, where humiliation and suffering.
Katerina tries to find her happiness in her love for Tikhon: “I will love my husband. Tisha, my dear, I will not trade you for anyone. " But sincere manifestations of this love are suppressed by Kabanikha: “What are you hanging around your neck, shameless woman? You don't say goodbye to your lover. " In Katerina, there is a strong sense of external obedience and duty, which is why she forces herself to love her unloved husband. Tikhon himself, due to the tyranny of his mother, cannot really love his wife, although he probably wants to. And when he, leaving for a while,
leaves Katya to walk freely, the woman becomes completely lonely.
Why did Katerina fall in love with Boris? After all, he did not flaunt his masculine qualities, like Paratov, did not even talk to her. Perhaps the reason is that she lacked something clean in the stuffy atmosphere of Kabanikha's house. And love for Boris was this pure, did not allow Katerina to wither away completely, somehow supported her. She went on a date with Boris because she felt like a person with pride and elementary rights. It was a rebellion against resignation to fate, against lawlessness. Katerina knew that she was committing a sin, but she also knew that it was still impossible to live further. She sacrificed the purity of her conscience to freedom and Boris.
In my opinion, taking this step, Katya already felt the approaching end and, probably, thought: "Now or never." She wanted to be filled with love, knowing that there would be no other occasion. On the first date, Katerina said to Boris: "You ruined me." Boris is the reason for the discrediting of her soul, and for Katya it is tantamount to death. Sin hangs like a heavy stone on her heart. Katerina is very much afraid of an impending thunderstorm; considering it a punishment for what was done. Katerina had been afraid of a thunderstorm ever since she began to think about Boris. For her pure soul, even the thought of loving a stranger is a sin.
Katya cannot continue living with her sin, and she considers repentance to be the only way to at least partially get rid of it. She confesses everything to her husband and Kabanikha. Such an act in our time seems very strange, naive. “I don’t know how to deceive; I can’t hide anything ”- such is Katerina. Tikhon forgave his wife, but did she forgive herself? Being very religious, Katya is afraid of God, and her God lives in her, God is her conscience. A woman is tormented by two questions: how she will return home and look into the eyes of her husband, whom she has cheated on, and how she will live with a stain on her conscience. The only way out of this situation, Katerina sees death: “No, I have to go home or go to the grave - all the same ... It's better in the grave ... To live again? No, no, don't ... it's not good. "
Pursued by her sin, Katerina dies in order to save her soul. Dobrolyubov defined Katerina's character as "decisive, whole, Russian." Decisive, because she decided to take the last step, to die, in order to save herself from shame and remorse. Whole, because in Katya's character everything is harmonious, one, nothing contradicts each other, because Katya is one with nature, with God. Russian, because whoever, no matter how Russian, is capable of loving so, is able to sacrifice so, so seemingly submissively endure all hardships, while remaining himself, free, not a slave.

Lesson topic: "Who is to blame for the death of Katerina?" (Katerina's love in the play by A.N. Ostrovsky "The Thunderstorm")

The purpose of the lesson:-analyze the image of the heroine; to understand why she decided to love Boris, what this love led to.

Find out Katerina's suicide - strength or weakness.

Find out the traits of Katerina's character, why she cannot live according to the laws of the "dark kingdom".

Teach to conduct research work on the text.

Learn to express your opinion.

Lesson form: dispute.

Methodical techniques: conversation with episode analysis, student reports, musical accompaniment, use of motion pictures and illustrations .

Equipment: play by A.N. Ostrovsky "The Thunderstorm", illustrations for the play, portraits of the actresses who played Katerina, film "The Thunderstorm", musical accompaniment, verses by A. Dementyev and P. Vegin .

During the classes:

Organizing time.

Organization of the group for work, mark the absent.

Communication of the topic and objectives of the lesson.

Love is stronger than death, stronger than the fear of death.

(I.S. Turgenev)

Music sounds: romance "Under the caress of a plush blanket" - 2min 35 sec.

What kind of love is sung about in the romance? (love is self-sacrifice that leads to destruction).

The main heroine of the play "Thunderstorm" love also led to death.

The topic of our lesson: "Do not tempt me by loving!" (Katerina's love in the play by A.N. Ostrovsky "The Thunderstorm")

Epigraph of the lesson: "Love is stronger than death, stronger than the fear of death."

How do you understand these words?

When a person loves, he is ready for anything, ready to sacrifice himself for the sake of his beloved, ready to perform a feat in the name of love. The main heroine of the play - Katerina is ready to sacrifice a lot in the name of love, even her principles, she rushes into the pool without fear of God's punishment.

We need to figure out why Katerina decided to love Boris, why Katerina committed suicide, Katerina's death was a victory or defeat, to reveal the traits of Katerina's character, why she cannot live according to the laws of the "dark kingdom", what are the origins of Katerina's character. We teach the lesson in the form of a dispute in which you must express your opinion - is Katerina's love a weakness or strength? Suicide of Katerina - Is it a victory or a defeat? Can this be called Katherine's protest against the "dark kingdom"? During the lesson, each of you should form your own opinion on this matter, which you will express during the dispute.

Homework implementation.

To better understand the image of Katerina and its incompatibility with the norms and morality of the "dark kingdom", let us recall the previous lesson, the way of life and customs of the city of Kalinov, having completed the assignments.

Assignments: "Do you know the play" Thunderstorm "(handout)

Students read the question and answer it orally

Homework question: Which of the characters in the play does not belong either to the “victims” or to the “owners” of the city of Kalinov? (Katerina Kabanova). Why? (She does not subordinate anyone to herself and does not know how to obey herself)

New material.

1) Katerina's character traits.

Katerina is the main character of Ostrovsky's play, does not obey the "masters" of life (Kabanikha and the Wild), the laws of the dark kingdom are alien to her, she lives as her conscience tells her. The names of the heroes have a symbolic meaning: Katerina - Greek. "Cleanliness", "decency"; but the name of Kabanikha is Martha - Greek. "Mistress", "mistress", this is how she feels in the play; Kabanikha's daughter - Varvara - from the Greek "foreign", "rough". Such Katerina by virtue of her character.

What character traits appear from the very first remarks of Katerina? (read out the lines) - the inability to be hypocritical, directness.

From the very first remarks of Katerina, a conflict is felt.

Where did such traits of Katerina come from, if the city of Kalinov lives by different principles? (upbringing in childhood, in his own home)

Let us compare the life of Katerina in the Kabanikha's house and in the house of her parents.

At the parents' house:

- "like a bird in the wild"

- "mamma doted on her"

- "they were not forced to work"

- "I embroidered, went to church, walked"

In the house of her parents, Katerina felt the cordial attitude of her relatives, relative freedom, listened to the stories of pilgrims, praying mantis, and attended church. Hence, Katerina has a morbid impressionability and a romantic attitude towards life.

In Kabanikha's house:

- "wilted like a flower"

- "they scold you out of love"

- "all under duress"

- "they won't be afraid of me, and even more so"

In the house of Kabanova, Katerina experienced a cruel relationship to her mother-in-law, which caused a constant spiritual rebellion, and Tikhon did not understand Katerina. And he lived by the orders of Kabanikha.

The influence of the Kabanovs' life on Katerina:

A) Awareness of their doom

B) Seclusion, disappointment in family life.

C) Passionate desire for freedom, love, happiness.

Now let's find out the character traits of the main character and what is her conflict with others?

Katerina's character traits - the principles of life in the Kabanikha house

Love of freedom - submission

Independence - giving up your will

Self-esteem - humiliation by reproaches and suspicions

Dreaminess and poetry - lack of spiritual principles

Religiousness - religious hypocrisy

Determination - not to let live of your own free will (bondage)

Kindness, unselfishness - rudeness and abuse

Honesty, spontaneity is deceit

Output: For Katerina, the main thing is to live according to your soul, and for Kabanikha, the main thing is to subdue and not let you live in your own way. Here a sharp contrast arises — an irreconcilable conflict emerges.

What is your opinion on the question: How does Katerina differ from the residents of the city of Kalinova? (spontaneity, kindness, sincerity, honesty, etc.)

Is Katerina's desire for freedom a protest or a state of mind? (Students' opinions)

2) Is Katerina's love for Boris a protest or a sincere feeling?

Love is the driving force behind the story. What is love? Definition according to the Ozhegov dictionary (Love of children, parents, friends, high feeling)

1) all the heroes talk about love, especially Katerina.

2) We are talking about different love (love of parents, friendship, sons

and about love as a high spiritual feeling.)

3) The first and last remarks about love belong to Katerina.

4) In 4.D, where the scene of Katerina's repentance is described - there are no replicas at all with the word "love"

Is the tragedy of Katerina a tragedy of love or conscience?

Poem by A. Dementyev "The soul does not want change"

Love is not only uplifting.

Love sometimes destroys us.

Breaks fates and hearts ...

Beautiful in her desires

She can be so dangerous

Like an explosion, like nine grams of lead.

She bursts in suddenly.

And you can’t tomorrow

Don't see a pretty face.

Love is not only uplifting.

Love decides and decides everything.

And we go into this captivity.

And we do not dream of freedom.

While the dawn rises in my soul

The soul does not want change.

So the love of Katerina is not only a sublime feeling, but a destructive feeling, which played a fatal role in her fate, led the heroine to death. Suicide cases in the patriarchal merchant world were not isolated - we will see this from the history of the creation of the play "The Thunderstorm" (student report)

“On the instructions of His Imperial Highness, General-Admiral, Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich, prominent Russian writers who already had travel experience and a taste for essay prose were sent to the country for new materials for the Sea Collection. They were supposed to study and describe folk crafts associated with the sea, lakes and rivers, the techniques of local shipbuilding and navigation, the state of domestic fishing and the very state of the waterways of Russia.

Ostrovsky got the Upper Volga from the source to Nizhny Novgorod. And he got down to business with enthusiasm. "

“In the ancient dispute of the Volga cities about which of them was turned into Kalinov by the will of Ostrovsky (the scene of the play“ The Thunderstorm ”), arguments in favor of Kineshma, Tver, Kostroma are most often heard. The disputants seemed to have forgotten about Rzhev, and meanwhile, it was Rzhev who was clearly involved in the birth of the mysterious idea of ​​the "Thunderstorm"!

Where "The Thunderstorm" was written - at a dacha near Moscow or in the Trans-Volga Shchelykovo - it is not known exactly, but it was created with amazing speed, truly by inspiration, in a few months of 1859.

For quite a long time it was believed that Ostrovsky took the plot of "The Thunderstorm" from the life of the Kostroma merchants, that it was based on the sensational Klykov case in Kostroma at the end of the summer of 1859. Until the beginning of the 20th century, Kostroma residents proudly pointed to the place of Katerina's suicide - a gazebo at the end of a small boulevard, in those years literally hanging over the Volga. They also showed the house where she lived - next to the Church of the Assumption. And the code "Thunderstorm" was for the first time on the stage of the Kostroma theater, the artists made up "under the Klykovs".

Kostroma ethnographers later thoroughly examined the "Klykovskoe Delo" in the archives and, with documents in hand, came to the conclusion that it was this story that Ostrovsky used in his work on "The Thunderstorm". The coincidences were almost literal. A.P. Klykova was issued at the age of sixteen to a gloomy and unsociable merchant family, consisting of old parents, a son and an unmarried daughter. The mistress of the house, stern and obstinate, depersonalized her husband and children with her despotism. She forced the young daughter-in-law to do any dirty work, refused her requests to see her relatives.

At the time of the drama, Klykova was 19 years old. In the past, she was brought up in love and the hall of the soul in her doted grandmother, she was cheerful, cheerful, lively. Now she found herself in an unkind and alien family. Her young husband, Klykov, a carefree and apathetic man, could not protect his wife from the oppression of his mother-in-law and treated her indifferently. The Klykovs had no children. And then another man, Maryin, an employee in the post office, stood in the way of the young woman. Suspicions began, scenes of jealousy. It ended with the fact that on November 10, 1859, the body of A.P. Klykova was found in the Volga. A long trial began, which received wide publicity even outside the Kostroma province, and none of the Kostroma residents doubted that Ostrovsky had used the materials of this case in the "Thunderstorm".

Many decades passed before the researchers of Ostrovsky's art established precisely that The Thunderstorm was written before Klykova, the merchant's wife from Kostroma, threw herself into the Volga. Ostrovsky began work on The Thunderstorm in June-July 1859 and finished on October 9 of the same year.

It can be concluded that such cases happened in the merchant environment, so the patriarchal foundations of society did not allow living freely, independently, but subjugated, enslaved. A woman could not love who she wants, they were not married out for love, and she had to come to terms with her fate.

Katerina Kabanova did not accept, as did A.P. Klykova.

Reading the dialogue between Katerina and Varvara (D.2, app. 2)

Whom did Katerina love?

Why does Varvara guess about Katerina's love?

What can be said about the principles of the Kabanovs' house? How did Varvara adapt?

Katerina fell in love with Boris, but Katerina's conscience, her religiosity does not allow her to transgress the moral law - to cheat on her husband. The torment of Katerina was noticed by Varvara, who adapted to the laws of the "dark kingdom", learned to deceive and secretly from her mother meets with her beloved Curly. It is Varvara who arranges a meeting between Katerina and Boris when Tikhon leaves on business.

Analysis of the scene "Farewell to Tikhon" D2, yavl.3,4,5.

(Reading by Role)

How do the characters behave in this scene, how does this characterize them?

What significance does this scene have in the course of events?

(In this scene, Kabanikha's despotism is revealed to the extreme, Tikhon's complete inability not only to protect, but also to understand Katerina is revealed. This scene explains Katerina's decision to go on a date with Boris.)

How does Tikhon behave before leaving?

(To understand Tikhon's state of mind before leaving, one must clearly understand his position in his mother's house, his desire to be freed from custody for at least two weeks. not everything. Mother demands that he give instructions to Katerina how to live without him. Tikhon realizes that, doing his mother's will, he humiliates his wife.

When Kabanikha's instructions become completely offensive, Tikhon tries to object to the bullying of Katerina, but his mother is adamant, and he quietly, embarrassed, as if apologizing to his wife, says: “Don't look at the guys!” The goal of Kabanikha is to lead to complete obedience of the family and, above all, the wayward Katerina)

Analysis of a monologue with a key. D 2, yavl. 10.

Let's try to understand why Katerina fell in love with Boris?

We will find the answer in Dobrolyubov's article: “In this passion lies her whole life; all the strength of her nature, all her living aspirations merge here. She is attracted to Boris not only by the fact that she likes him, that he does not look like the rest of those around her in appearance and speech, she is attracted to him by her need for love, which has not found a response in her husband, and the offended feeling of his wife and woman, and the deathly melancholy of her monotonous life, and the desire for will, space, hot, unforbidden freedom. "

Reading a monologue. (Read by a student)

What feelings does Katerina experience, how are these feelings reflected in her speech? What is the meaning of the scene?

(Here the victory of Katerina's natural feeling over the housebuilding dogmas is revealed. Katerina's speech is full of short, abrupt interrogative and exclamatory sentences, repetitions, comparisons that convey the tension of Katerina's feelings.

After the agitated introduction, Katerina's bitter thoughts about life in captivity follow. Speech becomes more restrained, balanced. Katerina disputes the original decision - to throw the key: “What a sin, if I look at it once, at least from a distance! Yes, even though I will talk! .. But he himself did not want to. " This part of the monologue is accompanied by remarks: after thinking, silence, he ponders, pensively looks at the key that characterizes Katerina's state.

The monologue ends with a strong impulse of feelings: "I should at least die, but see him ..."

The choice of love dooms Katerina to torment. She meets with Boris.

Excerpt from the film "Thunderstorm" (scene "Date")

What is the complexity of Katerina's inner state?

(Katerina goes to the deception and stands on a par with Varvara, this is not typical of Katerina's nature. The author shows the evolution of the heroine's state of mind - from confusion to the assertion of the right to love. to Boris "with fright, but without raising his eyes", "lifts his eyes and looks at Boris", "throws herself on his neck.")

How is Katerina's struggle with herself shown in these monologues? (her monologues are tense, emotional, it is not the mind that speaks in them, but the heart.)

How is Katerina's determination expressed? (decided on love with Boris, acted at the behest of the heart, not the law)

Output: Katerina's love is a sincere feeling, she is not capable of hypocrisy and pretending, she acts at the behest of her heart, violating the moral and religious law - cheating on her husband, and Tikhon did not seek to win Katerina's love, but lived by the orders and orders of his "mamma", therefore Katerina did not find support and love in him, so she is looking for it on the side.

So. is Katerina's love a sincere feeling or a protest? (students' opinions )

Repentance of Katerina (D.4, javl 6)

After her husband's arrival, Katerina “just became on her own ... She was trembling all over, as if her fever was beating; so pale, rushing about the house, as if looking for what. Eyes like a madman. "

Why did the changes take place in Katherine? (Katerina was religious, cheating on her husband, she committed a grave sin, she went for a deception, which is contrary to her nature, so Katerina has a hard time in her soul, it is easier for her to confess, repent)

Since the drama is called "The Thunderstorm", the thunderstorm motif is present throughout the entire play. Let's try to figure out how the title of the play determines the actions of the main character.

What do you think is the meaning of the title?

(Thunderstorm - in nature - the motive of an impending thunderstorm is constantly heard.

A thunderstorm in Katerina's soul - disagreement with the morality of the "dark kingdom", the desire to live according to the dictates of the heart, love for Boris, leads to confusion in the soul.

Thunderstorm in society - a conflict is brewing, the unwillingness of many to live according to norms and

rules of house building, free feelings awaken in a society that is not free.)

Thunderstorm in nature - refreshing

Thunderstorm in the soul - clears

Thunderstorm in society - enlightens.

How residents of Kalinov perceived a thunderstorm (as a divine phenomenon. As a punishment of God, Katerina is no exception, she is afraid of a thunderstorm, following religious motives)

How is the repentance scene motivated? (read an excerpt from the play)

(A thunderstorm is approaching, which, according to the Kalinovites, “is being sent to us as punishment.” The gloomy coloring is enhanced by the scene of action - instead of a panorama of the Volga, there is a narrow gallery with oppressive arches. husband, to whom she is guilty - torture for her)

What is the difference in Katerina's state of mind in D.1 and D.4?

(The difference in the state of mind of Katerina is also expressed in her exclamations after the lady left for D.1 “Oh, how she frightened me, I tremble all over, as if she were predicting something for me; D.4.:“ Ah, I’m dying! ”Katerina waiting for God's punishment. She seeks protection from God, kneels down and sees the image of hell in front of her. So Ostrovsky brings Ostrovsky to the culmination of the play - the scene of repentance.)

E.4.javl. 6. - Read the passage. What feelings does Katerina have now?

(If in the monologue with the key and in the scene of the date the victory of love in Katerina's soul is revealed, then in the scene of repentance the power of the norms of religious morality gravitating over Katerina is clearly revealed.)

(If Katerina hid her sin, learned to pretend and deceive, would continue to go on dates with Boris, this would mean that Katerina has adapted to the surrounding society, reconciled with its moral principles, despotism)

What explains Katerina's remorse?

(Katerina's repentance is explained not only by the fear of God's punishment, but also by the fact that her high morality is rebelling against the deception that has entered her life. She said about herself: “I don’t know how to deceive, I can’t hide anything.” For Katerina's moral assessment of her actions and thoughts is an important aspect of spiritual life. And in the nationwide recognition of Katerina, one can see an attempt to atone for her guilt, severely punish herself, an attempt at moral purification.)

Could Katerina find the way to the salvation of the soul? Why? (students' opinions)

Farewell to Boris. (D.5, yavl 3.4)

(Reading excerpt)

The romance "And finally I will tell" sounds

Katerina throws herself into the Volga, not reconciled with the laws of the "dark kingdom".

Why Boris could not save Katerina (He was a “victim” of the “dark kingdom”, lived under the influence of the Wild one, and could not disobey him, obey him and could not, like Katerina, oppose bondage because of the fear of the “victim”)

What conclusion can be drawn?

Output: Katerina never betrayed herself, she decided on love at the behest of her heart, she confessed to treason due to her inner feeling of freedom (a lie is lack of freedom), says goodbye to Boris not only because of the feeling of love, but also because he suffered because of her, she rushed into the Volga at the request of a free soul.

Prove that Katherine's death is a protest.

(Timid Tikhon blames his mother for the death of his wife, Varvara runs away from home)

Who will pray for the heroines who died for love?

Poem by P. Vegin "The keeper of the hearth"

You are destroying the hearth.

Blue fire is boiling

Desperate eyes.

Warrior in love

What a drama to you, what a shame?

And you are destroying the house

To build a temple.

The heroine of the play, destroying the family, went to love, experienced moments of happiness, built a temple of love, probably the goddess of love will pray for her soul.

Will the city of Kalinov be able to live as before after Katerina's death? (students' opinions)

Work on the textbook (Reserve)

The role of Katerina was played by many actresses, everyone approached the interpretation of this image in different ways.

"Performers of the roles of Katerina"

1- Kositskaya

2-Fedotova

3-Strepetova

4-Ermolova

5-Tarasova

6-Kozyreva

Textbook work: How did the actresses embody the image of Katerina?

Output: Diverse stage performances are a continuation of the controversy: is it strength or weakness? Protest or humility?

6.Critics about the play.

"What is the critic supposed to do here?"

Student message

Dobrolyubov "A ray of light in the dark kingdom"

- "Thunderstorm" is the revolutionary forces ripening in the depths of Russia

The critic noted strong, rebellious motives in the character of Katerina

In Katerina we see a protest against the Kabanov concepts of morality.

Katerina is a healthy person. Who found the determination to end this rotten life at any cost.

D. Pisarev "Motives of Russian Drama"

Katerina is a “crazy dreamer

Katerina's whole life consists of internal contradictions

She constantly rushes from one extreme to another.

She confuses her life and the lives of others at every step.

She confused everything, cuts the tightened knots with the most stupid means - suicide.

Apollon Grigoriev

Saw the poetry of folk life in Katherine

He noted the beauty of nature, the Volga, against the background of which the action unfolds: "As if not an artist, but a whole people created here!"

7.Fixing.

T eating task.

Lesson summary.

So, we examined in the lesson the image of the main character of Ostrovsky's play "The Thunderstorm", what conclusion can be drawn about her? (strong, decisive, able to love, defend her feelings, but not knowing how to lie, deceive, afraid of God - all this led the heroine to death)

Disassemble the circuit. (Met Zolotareva p. 196) - to draw the conclusion of the lesson

Post grades.

Lesson conclusion: Katerina is a strong person who knew how to love, is ready for self-sacrifice in the name of love, but she is honest, sincere and therefore she is not capable of pretending, deceiving, i.e. to live according to the laws of the "dark kingdom", she chose a way out - suicide, in order to rid herself and her soul of remorse and get away from the norms and rules of the city of Kalinov.

The romance "Love is a fairy land" sounds

9. D / s

Make a description of the literary hero - Katherine according to the plan (see the stand)

Wonderful and just words he said about the play Thunderstorm in his letter to A. N. Ostrovsky to V. P. Botkin: “You have never revealed your poetic powers so much as in this play ... "You have taken such a plot that is full of poetry through and through — a plot that is impossible for someone who does not possess poetic creativity ... Katerina's love belongs to the same phenomena of moral nature, to which world cataclysms in physical nature belong .. . ".

So, Katerina is in love with Boris. After reading this line, one can only breathe: “Well, all ages are submissive to love ...”, or you can think deeply, because love for Boris became a real tragedy for the heroine of “Gro-za”, amplifying the drama she was going through, once in the "dark kingdom".

Katerina is a thin, dreamy, ethical girl. This person is highly moral, simply stuffy, artless in relations with people. She does not know how to lie, pretend, hide her feelings. She feels deeply, therefore, once she sees Boris and falls in love with him, she can no longer help herself. “Do I want to think about him? - she argues. - But what to do, if it doesn't get out of my head. Whatever I think about, but he still stands before my eyes. " For married Katerina, faithful to her husband and devout, this love becomes a real moral torture. “It’s as if I’m standing over an abyss and someone is pushing me there, but I have nothing to hold on to,” she describes her condition in this way.

Being kind, Katerina takes pity on her husband, whom she never loved and does not love, with whom she can never be happy. He is a weak, weak-willed person who allows himself to be humiliated in front of his wife.

Boris and Katerina cannot see each other, because the married ladies are kept in Kalinov under seven locks. Tikhon's sister, Varvara, for whom there have been no moral barriers for a long time, is taken to solve the problem. “And I was not a liar,” she says about herself, “but I learned when I needed to.” Katerina would hardly have been able to master this science.

At first resisting, Katerina nevertheless accepts Varvara's services. She can no longer find herself in a suffocating atmosphere of bigotry, lack of freedom, tyranny, and she can not fight her love without force. The heroine is committing a great sin - she decides to meet with Boris. Fate favors this: Ka-baniha sends his son out of the house. Katerina experiences the current situation painfully, but she cannot overcome it. Several meetings with Boris oss-broadcast her life with rays of happiness, but not for long.

Boris is dependent on his uncle, the Wild merchant. He is an orphan, and his grandmother in a will ordered that Boris receive a share of the inheritance only after the age of majority and only on condition of respectful attitude towards his uncle, which in principle is impossible. Not because Boris is not respectful to his elders, but because it is impossible to please a Wild, imperious, rude, shameless and cunning person. Nevertheless, Boris continues to live in his uncle's house, patiently enduring all the insults. There is no strength in his character that would help him overcome circumstances.

Once in Kalinov, Boris, like Katerina, feels uncomfortable. “It’s painful for me here, without a habit! He says. “Everyone is looking at me somehow wildly, as if I’m superfluous here, as if I’m interfering with them.” Love becomes an unexpected misfortune for him. "Hunted down, hammered," he exclaims, "and then I foolishly decided to fall in love."

Boris cannot overcome his feelings. “If I fell in love ...”, - he says, revealing his secret to Kud-ryash, and does not finish the phrase, because everything is clear anyway. However, he cannot take the first step either. Barbara turns out to be much more agile than him. Boris accepts her service, but does not know how to answer for what he has done. Punished by his uncle, he obediently goes to Siberia. At Katerina's request to take her with him, Boris refuses - he is wary of his uncle. Boris actually betrays Katerina, leaving her in this position.

The heroine is stronger than Boris. It is she, who does not know how to lie, who speaks publicly about her love. She challenges the "dark kingdom" by throwing herself into the abyss. Boris, of course, sympathizes with Katerina, but the only thing he can do to help her is to wish her death.

Ostrovsky showed Katerina a woman who was “downtrodden by the environment,” but at the same time he endowed her with the positive qualities of a strong nature, capable of resisting despotism to the end. About Boris, the critic N. Dobrolyubov said that he was the same Tikhon, only "educated." "Education took away from him the power to do dirty tricks ... but it did not give him the strength to resist the dirty tricks that others do ...".