Arch on Red Square. Church of the Three Great Saints at the Red Gate

Church. Lost.
Thrones: Three Hierarchs, John the Theologian, Charalampius, Bishop of Magnesia.
Year of construction: between approximately 1690 and approximately 1740.
Year of loss: 1928.

The wooden Church of the Three Saints has been known since 1635. The stone one, with a chapel in the name of St. John the Theologian was built in 1699 at the expense of the clerk of the Great State Prikaz, Ivan Venyukov, and in the middle. XVIII century a new beautiful bell tower also appeared. After the construction of the Red Gate, the church began to be called “at the Red Gate”.

On October 11, 1814, in the Church of the Three Saints, the newborn Mikhail Lermontov, who was born eight days earlier in the house opposite, was baptized. Here at the end. June 1882, the funeral service was held for the “white general” M.D., who died in Moscow in the room of the Dusso Hotel on Teatralny Prospekt. Skobeleva. The hero of Plevna and Shipka was not even 39 years old. His sudden and mysterious death caused many rumors and rumors, and many people came to the church to say goodbye to him. And in memory of the general and his funeral service in the Church of the Three Hierarchs, the parishioners placed a large icon of the Archangel Michael on the porch in the icon case.

In 1927, the miraculous icon from the Epiphany Chapel of Kitay-Gorod was briefly transferred to this temple. He himself was captured by the renovationists at that time. And already on July 11, 1927, the authorities decided to demolish the Church of the Three Hierarchs to “improve” automobile traffic. For the same purposes, a month earlier they began to dismantle the Red Gate to create a single highway of the Garden Ring - like the Sukharev Tower, they interfered with the through flow of cars. It is known that Baranovsky defended the church from destruction as a “valuable architectural monument,” but everything was useless. Even the memory of Lermontov did not save either the temple or the house. In the minds of the newspaper scribblers who promoted their demolition, these monuments “were worthless.” The church was demolished in May 1928. The carved baroque iconostasis of 1705, the work of the royal masters, was transferred to the church of St. John the Warrior on Yakimanka. In its place, only a small square was laid out.

Church of the Three Saints at the Red Gate (destroyed).

The Church of the Three Saints was located in the area of ​​Starye Ogorodniki, on Red Gate Square. The wooden temple has been known here since the 1630s. In 1699, a stone church was built in its place. In 1798, the chapel of St. John the Theologian and the bell tower were built, and in 1823, the chapel of the Hieromartyr Harlampius. In the 1880s. a number of extensions were made. The temple was known for its magnificent interior decoration, the main multi-tiered carved iconostasis of the 18th century, made in the spirit of the Dutch Baroque.

In the iconostasis and on the walls there were many icons of the 18th century, among them the famous master Ivan Arefusitsky. In 1742, next to the temple, on the site of the old wooden gates of Zemlyanoy Gorod, the famous Red Gate was built (architect D.V. Ukhtomsky) for the coronation entry of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. In 1814, the future famous poet Mikhail Lermontov, who was born in a nearby house, was baptized in the Church of the Three Saints. And on June 28, 1882, the funeral service for the famous commander M.D. was held here. Skobeleva.

At the beginning of the 20th century, during the next renovation of the temple, an icon of his heavenly patron, Archangel Michael, was placed on the porch in the icon case in memory of the famous general. The temple was also painted on the outside, on the northern wall - icons of the Savior, St. John the Theologian, and Hieromartyr Charlampius; on the eastern wall - the Three Saints.

In the early 1920s, the miraculous Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God, previously located in the chapel at the Varvarsky Gate of Kitai-Gorod, was transferred to the Three Hierarchs Church, which at that time belonged to the renovationist community. In June 1927, they began to break down the Red Gate, and in the spring of 1928 it was the turn of the temple. Most of the church property was taken to the country's museum collections. The most valuable main iconostasis was transferred to the Church of the Martyr John the Warrior on Yakimanka.

Mikhail Vostryshev "Orthodox Moscow. All churches and chapels."

Red Gate
- a triumphal arch in the Baroque style that existed in Moscow from the beginning of the 18th century until June 3, 1927. The memory of her is preserved in the name of Red Gate Square.

Initially, the Red Gate, called the Triumphal Gate, was the first triumphal arch in Russia. They were built of wood by order of Tsar Peter the Great in honor of the victory over the Swedes in the Northern War in 1709. Subsequently, his wife, Empress Catherine the First, replaced them with new ones in honor of her own coronation in 1724.

Eight years later, this arch burned down in a big fire and was restored in 1742 on the occasion of the coronation of the daughter of the Father of the Fatherland Peter the Great, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, for the ceremonial cortege, which was supposed to travel from the Kremlin to the Lefortovo Palace through this building. In 1748 there was another fire, and these gates burned down again.
In 1753, the architect D.V. Ukhtomsky built a stone arch, which exactly repeated the wooden arch built by the architects of Catherine the First. It was a typical example of the Baroque style, with blood-red walls, snow-white relief, gold capitals and more than 50 bright drawings personifying the “Majesty of the Russian Empire”, the coats of arms of the Russian provinces.

Above the span of the arch was a portrait of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, surrounded by a brilliant halo,


Model of the gate and the alley that led to it
which was subsequently replaced by a double-headed eagle for the coronation of Emperor Nicholas I in 1825. The structure was crowned with a golden statue of a trumpeting angel, which is now on display at the State Historical Museum.



Putti from the gate, Shchusev Museum
(Putto, pl. h. putti (lat. putus - little boy), Amoretto (lit. "Cupid" lat. amoretto, diminutive of lat. amor - love) - the image of a boy with wings, found in the art of the Renaissance and Baroque. Symbolizes the harbinger of an earthly or angelic spirit. Comes from Greek and Roman mythology.)
On October 3 (15), 1814, opposite the Red Gate, in the house of Major General F. N. Toll, the “singer of Russian sorrow” M. Yu. Lermontov was born. On October 23, 1814, in the Church of the Three Saints at the Red Gate, the newborn Michael was baptized. Now on this site there is a high-rise building, on which there is a memorial plaque with the image of the poet M. Yu. Lermontov.

Moscow. Church of the Three Saints at the Red Gate.
Date taken: 1881
Mentioned for the first time in 1635. The stone temple of the octagon-on-quadrangle type was built ca. 1700 (according to other sources - approx. 1680). Bell tower gray XVIII century The chapels of John the Evangelist and the church. Harlampy. It was broken in 1928, but its main iconostasis was preserved in the Church of St. John the Warrior, on Yakimanka.
The arch and the nearby Church of the Three Saints were demolished in 1927, during the expansion of the Garden Ring, in accordance with the Bolshevik plan to “build a communist capital.” The square where they were located is now called “Red Gate Square”. In 1935, a metro station of the same name was opened on this site, and in 1953 one of Stalin’s high-rise buildings rose above the square. In 1962, the square was renamed Lermontovskaya, and in 1986 it was renamed Red Gate Square.

based on Wikipedia materials

Three saints (Basily the Great, Gregory the Theologian and John Chrysostom) at the Red Gate . Initially, the church was wooden, it is unknown when it was built, and was called, like the Church of St. Chariton, “in Ogorodniki.”

The real church, stone, with a side chapel, the Theological Church, was built in 1699. There is also a new chapel in the name of the martyr Khara-lampi. After the construction of a triumphal gate near the church, called the Red Gate because of its paint, the church began to be called “at the Red Gate.” The architecture of the church is simple.

John the Baptist in Kazennaya. Located on Pokrovka, near the Zemlynoy Val. There has been a church here since time immemorial, which was then rebuilt in 1741, 1794 and 1801. The church looks like a beautiful rotunda.

It has two chapels (St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and St. Demetrius of Rostov) and the locally revered icon of the Mother of God “Quench My Sorrows.” It is called “in the Kazennaya” because here was the Kazennaya settlement of servants, whose duties were to look after the royal factory horses, which were for a long time under the command of the chief horseman, Prince Romodanovsky. After his name, the settlement was long called the state-owned settlement of Romodanova.

In old Moscow there were several churches consecrated in the name of the Three Ecumenical Hierarchs - Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian and John Chrysostom. The holiday itself was established in memory of the cessation of intra-church disputes in 1084 between the followers of these teachings - the Basilians, Gregorians and Johannites.

The Church of the Three Saints, which has survived to this day, is hidden in quiet and deserted alleys between Pokrovsky Boulevard and Solyanka.

Its exact address, however, was once famous - the corner of Khitrovsky Lane (after the revolution - Maxim Gorky) and Maly Trekhsvyatitelsky, named after this church, and in Soviet times renamed M. Vuzovsky - in accordance with the ideals of the proletarian revolution.

It was here, next to this miraculously surviving church, that the terrible Khitrovka was located - a market and shelter for Moscow beggars, on the site of which, after its demolition in Soviet times, a school and a four-story building with a store were built. The name of this place comes from the son-in-law of Field Marshal Kutuzov, General N.Z. Khitrovo, who in the 1820s had property here and decided to build a good market for trading meat and herbs.

Little is known that Khitrovka itself was not a simple rooming house, like the Rzhanov house on Smolenskaya, but a Moscow “labor exchange” for the unemployed, established in the 1860s. Or, as they said then, a “parking lot” of working people who crowded here waiting for employers.

Here, daily, seasonal and even permanent workers from the village were hired - masons, diggers, carpenters, janitors, floor workers and others for unskilled positions. Many “Khitrovanites” still remained unemployed, only earning bread and a nickel for a shelter by begging, and settled here, in specially built shelters.

From here Gorky drew material for the play “At the Lower Depths,” and back in 1901 K.S. Stanislavsky, together with the artists and decorators of the Moscow Art Theater, came to Khitrovka, preparing the production of this play. Stanislavsky later recalled: “A nature has appeared with which one can sculpt living material for the creation of images.” And therefore, after the destruction of Khitrovka, in memory of Gorky’s famous masterpiece, the local lane and square were named after the writer.

However, in pre-revolutionary local history literature, the ancient Church of the Three Hierarchs is more often referred to as “The Three Hierarchs, on Kulishki.” Now the Moscow ear is more familiar with this name for the All Saints Church on Slavyanskaya Square, but it is known that in ancient times the “Kulishki” area had large borders and extended higher - to Ivanovskaya Gorka and beyond.

There is a legend that there was once a swamp here, where waders - birds that live in swampy areas - lived. And according to one of the many versions, “kulishki” in the old days generally referred to wetlands.

Or this territory received its name during the time of Dmitry Donskoy, who marched here with his army on the Kulikovo Field, and returned to the Kremlin in victory the same way, ordering the foundation of the All Saints Church here.

In fact, modern scientists say, in ancient times, kulishki were the name given to cleared clearings among the forest that densely covered this territory, and now it is more correct to pronounce “kulizhki.”

This area has been reliably known since the 14th century. It was then that the first wooden church, the future Three Saints Church, appeared here in Kulishki: it is believed that it existed since 1367, and is known in documents since 1406.

However, this church was originally consecrated in the name of St. Flora and Lavra, since they were built near the royal stables located here, and these saints were revered as the patrons of horses and domestic animals.

There is even a version that it was precisely after this Frolov church on Kulishki, and not after the temple of the same name on Myasnitskaya, that the main gates of the Kremlin were originally named Frolov (see publication dated August 31 last year).

And next to this church stood one of the metropolitan’s country houses, abolished only in 1656. Then the church was reconsecrated - its main altar was consecrated in the name of the Life-Giving Trinity, one of the side chapels was consecrated in the name of Sts. Flora and Laurus, and the other in the name of the Three Ecumenical Hierarchs. And from 1699, according to this side-altar, the entire church began to be called the Three Hierarchs.

The current church building was built in 1674. It should be noted that this church was built then on the “border” territory next to neighboring Khokhlovka - an area inhabited by immigrants from Ukraine and Little Russia, which is reflected in the name of Khokhlovka itself and Maroseyka Street.

This settlement was especially active after 1654, when Ukraine became part of Russia. Here, nearby, in Kolpachny Lane, stood the chambers of Hetman Mazepa himself. And the unique center of Khokhlovka was the Trinity Church, built in the Moscow Baroque style. And in the parish of the Church of the Three Saints there were courtyards of Moscow service people and “various ranks.”

Thus, the chambers of the 17th century that belonged to the Duma clerk and famous diplomat Ukraintsev have survived to this day. It was he who was sent by Peter I on a Russian ship to Constantinople in 1699 to make peace with the Turks in order to free up Russian forces for the impending Northern War.

Only a year later the Andrusovo Peace Treaty was signed, and Tsar Peter, having received news of it on August 18, 1700, declared war on Sweden the very next day.

And the rich house of Ukraintsev did not leave the treasury. After him, these chambers housed the Archive of Foreign Affairs.

Another, not quite ordinary parishioner of the church in the first half of the 19th century put a lot of zeal into updating and splendidly decorating the ancient Church of the Three Hierarchs. It was the Moscow Chief of Police A.S. Shulgin, whose residence at that time was located next door in the Myasnitskaya part, until it was transferred to Stoleshnikov Lane. And then for the head of the Moscow police they bought the famous Kologrivov house on Tverskoy Boulevard, where Pushkin first met the young beauty Goncharova at a ball. It stood on the spot where the new Moscow Art Theater building is now.

And in the outbuilding of house No. 5 on Maly Trekhsvyatitelsky Lane, the poet Tyutchev lived in his childhood. And in the small outbuilding of house No. 1 in Bolshoy Trekhsvyatitelskoe in 1892-1900, the studio of the artist Isaac Levitan was located, where Chaliapin and Nesterov visited him, and where Serov painted his famous portrait.

However, the owners of the house themselves, the Morozovs, probably the most famous residents here, whose names appeared on the pages of school history textbooks, were not parishioners of either the Three Saints, or the Trinity, or any other of the local churches. Invited Rogozhsky priests served in their home chapel, since the owners of the magnificent mansion on a hill with a park were Old Believers.

And, nevertheless, the owner of this house, a woman with a tough and domineering character, financed the construction of the Marfo-Mariinsky community of sisters of mercy, and her youngest son Sergei created the Handicraft Museum in Moscow, which now operates in Leontyevsky Lane. It is believed that this is how the Morozov family atoned for their sins and restored their reputation as philanthropists after the famous Morozov strike in January 1885, when workers at the Nikolskaya factory in Orekhovo-Zuevo went on strike against Morozov’s system of severe fines.

The owner of the house, Maria Fedorovna, nee Simonova, was the wife of the owner of this factory, Timofey Savvovich Morozov, the son of the founder of the famous dynasty of industrialists and philanthropists. Distinguished by his exorbitant stinginess and cruelty, he managed to increase his father's capital 10 times, however, frightened by an unprecedented strike, he decided to sell the factory and put the money in the bank.

The wife persuaded him to do it differently: to create a mutual partnership from relatives, and appoint his eldest son, Savva Timofeevich Morozov, as its director. The same one about which sensational historical studies are still written. At that time he was only 27 years old, and he had recently graduated from Moscow University. Progressive, intelligent, broad-minded, well-off, he began such a career that his parents did not have to worry about his future and the fate of the family business.

However, he did not live up to family expectations, taking up the matter completely from the “wrong side” - he abolished the fine system, began building bedrooms for workers, and established scholarships for students. The old father looked askance at his expensive innovations, and in a tender moment stroked his head: “Eh, Savvushka, you will break your neck!”, as if prophesying his fate.

And then followed contributions to the creation of the Stanislavsky and Nemirovich-Danchenko Art Theater in Moscow and a difficult conflict with them, an unhappy love for the actress Andreeva, who introduced him to Lenin’s entourage. Then Savva Morozov began to finance the publication of Iskra, as Mark Aldanov believed, out of disappointment in the people of his circle.

His family nicknamed him “buffalo” for his tough temper and did not like him. And when at the beginning of 1905 the workers of the Morozov factory staged a new strike, demanding higher wages and an 8-hour working day, Savva Morozov came here, to Trekhsvyatitelsky, to ask his mother to transfer to him the right to sole management of the factory. In response, his mother threatened to establish guardianship over him as a mentally ill person and transferred all the affairs of the factory to herself, beginning to manage it from her home in Trekhsvyatitelskoye.

And already on April 15 of the same year, the mother convened a medical council, which pronounced a verdict on Savva Morozov - due to a “severe nervous disorder”, send him for forced treatment to Cannes, accompanied by his unloved wife, Zinaida Grigorievna, and his personal doctor. 28 days later, in a Cannes hotel room, Savva Morozov shot himself and was buried in Moscow at the Rogozhskoye cemetery.

And his mother’s house in Trekhsvyatitelskoye once again went down in history. In July 1918, the headquarters of the uprising of the Left Social Revolutionaries was located in the former Morozov mansion.

The Church of the Three Saints was closed in 1927, but, fortunately, it was not broken. For a long time it was occupied by institutions, minor reconstructions were made, but basically the ancient building was preserved.

Another Church of the Three Saints, destroyed by the Bolsheviks, was located on Sadovo-Spasskaya Street at the Red Gate in Starye Ogorodniki, near the palace Ogorodnaya Sloboda, where there were many courtyards of the royal gardeners and the vegetable gardens themselves. There, Alexei Mikhailovich once built the Church of St. Charitonia - on the day of his crowning. The settlement grew rapidly, and in the first half of the 17th century there were already 212 households.

The wooden Church of the Three Saints had been known there since 1635, earlier than Kharitonyevskaya. Stone, with a chapel in the name of St. John the Theologian was built in 1699 at the expense of the clerk of the Great State Prikaz Ivan Venyukov, and in the middle of the 18th century a new beautiful bell tower appeared. In those years, this area was already becoming a ceremonial place, since under Emperor Peter I the royal road moved from Pokrovka to Myasnitskaya, which began to lead to the Nemetskaya Sloboda.

And under Peter I, in honor of the victories won in the Northern War, here, next to the church, for the first time in Moscow, triumphal gates were erected - that’s what the beautiful wooden arches were called at first.

In 1724, for the coronation of Catherine I, they were ceremoniously rebuilt, but they burned down in the Trinity Fire of 1737 - the same one in which the Kremlin Tsar Bell perished. And then the Moscow merchants decided to present a coronation gift to the new Empress Elizabeth Petrovna and in 1742, at their own expense, they built a new beautiful Triumphal Gate - for the empress’s honorary ceremonial entry into the Kremlin.

However, they too burned down, but by decree of the empress they were rebuilt in 1757 by the architect D. Ukhtomsky. And from the middle of the 18th century, these gates began to be called Red - contrary to Moscow tradition, not only because they were beautiful, but also because they led to the Krasnoye village near Moscow.

So, after their construction, the Church of the Three Hierarchs began to be called “at the Red Gate”.

Interestingly, there was a crown on its head, similar to the one on the Resurrection Church in Barashi on Pokrovka (see publication dated September 26 last year). It was with this Church of the Three Hierarchs that pre-revolutionary researchers sometimes associated the legend of the miraculously failed marriage of a brother and sister, unaware of their relationship, when the crown was torn off by an invisible force and lifted onto the church cross - although traditionally this legend is attributed to the Church of the Resurrection in Barashi.

Perhaps this happened because both churches turned out to be involved with Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, who, apparently, loved to place such crowns on church domes in memory of some event in her life.

She served a prayer service in the Resurrection Church (or simply drove by) after her wedding with Count Razumovsky in Perovo. And past the Church of the Three Saints, through the donated Red Gate, she went to the coronation in the Kremlin, and it is possible that in memory of that she ordered a beautiful crown to be installed on the church dome - as later on Resurrection.

On October 11, 1814, in the Church of the Three Saints, the newborn Mikhail Lermontov, born eight days earlier in the neighboring house opposite, owned by Major General Fyodor Tol, which his family rented, was baptized. Due to a conflict between his father, Captain Yuri Lermontov and his grandmother, the baby was almost immediately taken by her to the village of Tarkhany, Penza province, from where he returned at the age of five.

In that place now stands a “high-rise building” (Sadovo-Spasskaya, 21) built by the famous architect A. Dushkin, the author of the best Moscow metro stations “Kropotkinskaya”, “Komsomolskaya” and “Mayakovskaya”. He himself got an apartment in this high-rise building. However, Lermontov's house was demolished for this construction, only in 1965 a sculpture of him was installed in the park in memory of the poet, and the local metro station was named after him - "Lermontovskaya".

Back in the Church of the Three Saints, at the end of June 1882, a funeral service was held for the “white general” M.D., who died in Moscow in a room at the Dusso Hotel on Teatralny Proezd. Skobeleva. The hero of Plevna and Shipka was not even 39 years old. His sudden and mysterious death caused many rumors and rumors, and many people came to the church to say goodbye to him. From there, the coffin with his body was sent by rail to Skobelev's family estate - Spasskoye in the Ryazan province. And in memory of the general and his funeral service in the Church of the Three Hierarchs, the parishioners placed a large icon of the Archangel Michael on the porch in the icon case.

And in 1927, the miraculous icon from the Epiphany Chapel of Kitay-Gorod was briefly transferred to this temple. He himself was captured by the renovationists at that time. And already on July 11, 1927, the authorities decided to demolish the Church of the Three Hierarchs to “improve” automobile traffic. For the same purposes, a month earlier they began to dismantle the Red Gate to create a single highway of the Garden Ring - like the Sukharev Tower, they interfered with the through flow of cars.

It is known that Baranovsky defended the church from destruction as a “valuable architectural monument,” but everything was useless. Even the memory of Lermontov did not save either the temple or the house. In the minds of the newspaper scribblers who promoted their demolition, these monuments “were worthless.”

The church was demolished in May 1928. The carved baroque iconostasis of 1705, the work of the royal masters, was transferred to the church of St. John the Warrior on Yakimanka. In its place, only a small square was laid out, next to the pavilion of the Red Gate station, built in 1934-1935. architect I.A. Fomin.

Red Gate ...What do you think of when you hear these two words today? Most likely, one of the metro stations, which has access to the Garden Ring and is shaped like an arched gate...few people imagine, and perhaps do not know at all, that once upon a time, not far from the exit of this station, namely in the middle of the modern Garden Ring, there stood a marvelously beautiful arch, which was called the Red Gate. It’s surprising, but fate decreed that it was the metro station that brought to us the original name that this place once bore, and old photographs preserved the original appearance of the Red Gate Square. From them you can to see what was on it once, and at the same time what we will never see again...

Red Gate - triumphal arch in style baroque, existed in Moscow before 3 June 1927 of the year. This was the first construction of this type of structure, carried out in stone instead of wood. The Red Gate was once called the Triumphal Gate and was the first triumphal arch in Russia.

They were built from wood by order Peter I in commemoration of the victory in 1709 above Swedes in the Battle of Poltava Northern War 1709. Subsequently his wife Catherine I replaced them with new ones in honor of her own coronation in 1724. After 8 years, this arch burned down in a big fire and was restored in 1742 on the occasion of the coronation Elizaveta Petrovna for the ceremonial cortege, which was supposed to travel from Kremlin V Lefortovo Palace through this building. IN 1748 another fire occurred, and this gate burned down again.

IN 1753-1757 D. V. Ukhtomsky built a stone arch that exactly repeated the wooden arch built by the architects of Catherine I. It was a typical example of the style baroque, with blood-red walls, snow-white relief, gold capitals and more than 50 bright drawings personifying the “Majesty of the Russian Empire”, the coats of arms of the Russian provinces,8 gilded statues symbolizing Courage, Loyalty, Abundance, Wakefulness, Economy, Constancy, Mercury and Grace.Above the span of the arch was a portrait of Elizabeth, surrounded by a brilliant halo, which was later replaced double headed eagle for coronation Nicholas I V 1825. The structure was topped with a golden statue of a trumpeting angel, which is now on display State Historical Museum, in front of the hall Peter I.

October 3 (15) 1814 was born in the house of Major General F.N. Toll opposite the Red Gate M. Yu. Lermontov (now on this site there is a high-rise building, on which there is a memorial plaque with the image of M. Yu. Lermontov).

Three Saints Church was also located on Red Gate Square. It has been known since 1635. The Three Saints' Dead End was named after her. In 1686 it was still wooden, but in the 1700s it was already built of stone. The temple looked like an octagon on a quadrangle. In the mid-18th century, a bell tower and boundaries were built at the Three Hierarchs Church in the name of John the Theologian and the Hieromartyr Harlampius.

Also at the temple were the thrones of St. Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian and John Chrysostom.

According to the description, this church was rich not only inside, but also in outstanding events and famous names, but only one thing is known for certain and well. On October 23, in the Church of the Three Saints at the Red Gate, the newborn M. Lermontov was baptized.

Attempts to demolish the Red Gate Arch were made by Moscow authorities back in the mid-19th century. So in 1854 it was saved from demolition only thanks to a petition A. I. Delviga . Later, withWith the advent of the tram in Moscow, one line ran through the arch of the Red Gate, which caused protests among connoisseurs of antiquity of that time.

The Arc de Triomphe was often decorated with portraits of Russian rulers. Already in Soviet times, posters with Lenin were hung on them.

In 1926, the arch was “restored”, removing the sovereign elements in the form of a double-headed eagle and stucco in the “medallions”; the statues that were once on it also disappeared.

The arch did not stand in this form for long. Already in 1927, another 27,000 rubles were spent on the demolition of the Red Gate. They were destroyed as obstructing the passage of public transport. The same fate befell in 1927 and Church of the Three Saints at the Red Gate.

But the story of the Red Gate did not end there. The memory of them is preserved in the above-ground metro vestibule, which many consider to be the Red Gate, which gave the name to the square. The station was opened on May 15, 1935. The author of the ground vestibule is architect N.A. Ladovsky.

In 1938, at the International World Exhibition in Paris, the Red Gate metro project received the Grand Prix. Today, old turnstiles are also of interest. There haven't been any like them anywhere for a long time.

The house where Lermontov was born was very close. In its place, in 1949-1953, the architect Dushkin built a high-rise administrative and residential building, on the lower floor of which a second, northern exit from the Krasnye Vorota metro station was built. Since 1962, the station was called Lermontovskaya, and in 1986 it became the first Moscow metro station to return its historical name.

based on materials from www.oldmos.ru and articles on the Internet