The famous plays of Moliere. Moliere

Moliere (real name - Jean Batist Plente) - Outstanding French Comediographer, Theater Worker, Actor, Reformed Scenic Art, Classical Comedy - Born in Paris. It is known that it was baptized on January 15, 1622. His father was the royal coherer and a valence, the family lived very securely. From 1636, Jean Batist received education in a prestigious educational institution - the Jesuit Clermont College, in 1639 at its end he became a license of rights, but the work of the artisan or a lawyer chose the theater.

In 1643, Moliere acts as the organizer of the "Brilliant Theater". The first documentary mention of his pseudonym belongs to January 1644. The troupe of the troupe, despite the name, was far from brilliantly, due to debts in 1645, Moliere was even twice in prison, and the actors had to leave the capital to tour the provinces During twelve years. Due to problems with the repertoire of the "Brilliant Theater", Jean Batist himself began to compose the plays. This period of his biography served as an excellent school of life, turning it into an excellent director and actor, an experienced administrator, and prepared for future loud successes in the role of playwright.

Returning in 1656 in the capital of the troupe showed at the Royal Theater The play "In Love Dr." on the play of Moliere Louis XIV, who came from her delight. After that, the troupe was played until 1661 in the court-Bourbon, granted by the monarch of the Court, Burbon (afterwards to the death of a comedian, the place of her work was the Pale-Royal theater). The comedy "Funny Zhemmunitsa", set in 1659, became the first success in the general public.

After the position of the Moliere in Paris approved, the period of intensive drama, directing work begins, which will last until death. For one and a half dozen years (1658-1673), Moliere wrote plays, which are considered the best in his creative heritage. The Rotary Point of Steel Comedy "School of Husband" (1661) and "School of Women" (1662), which demonstrate the departure of the author from the farce and his appeal to the socio-psychological comedies of education.

In the public, the Piesen Moliere used staggering success with rare exceptions - when the works became the object of harsh criticism of individual social groups that were hostile to the author. This was due to the fact that the Moliere who had previously almost did not resort to social satire, in mature writings created images of representatives of the highest sections of society, having fallen into their vices with all the power of his talent. In particular, after the appearance in 1663, Tartuf in society broke out a loud scandal. The influential "Society of Holy Gifts" banned the play. And only in 1669, when reconciliation was approved between Louis XIV and the Church, the comedy saw the light, while during the first year the performance was shown more than 60 times. Staging in 1663 "Don Juan" also caused a huge resonance, but the efforts of the enemy Creation of Moliere more at his life was not set.

As his fame grew, he became getting closer to the court and more and more often put the plays, specially dedicated to the court holidays, turning them into the Grand Shaw. The playwright made the founder of a special theater genre - comedy-ballet.

In February 1673, the Moliere troupe set the "imaginary patient" in which he played a major role, despite the deepening disease (most likely, suffered from tuberculosis). Right on the submission, he lost consciousness and on the night of 17 to February 18 he died without confession and repentance. The funeral on religious canons took place only thanks to the petition of his widow in front of the monarch. In order not to break out the scandal, the outstanding playwright was buried at night.

Molver owns the merit of creating a genre of a classic comedy. In one of the "Comedy Frances" on the plays of Jean Batista, more than thirty thousand performances were shown. Until now, his immortal comedies - "Missor", "miser", "Misanthrop", "School of Women", "Mnimy Patient", "Skape Train" and MN. Dr. - enter the repertoire of various theaters of the world, without losing relevance and causing applause.

In a row of the geniuses of world literature, Jean-Batist Moliere occupies one of the most prominent places.

To the question of King Louis XIV to the poet and theoretics of literature, which the greatest writer, who glorified his kingdom, was the answer: "Moliere, Your Majesty."

The high literary prestige of Moliere supported the main authorities of the three subsequent centuries: Voltaire in the XVIII century, Balzac in the XIX, Romain Rollan in XX. Comediographs of almost all countries have long recognized Moliere with their elder. The comedies of Moliere are translated almost all languages \u200b\u200bof the world. The name of the Moliere shines in all writings on the history of world literature. Moliere's motto: "The goal of the comedy consists in the image of human deficiencies, and especially the shortcomings of modern people," largely identified the aesthetics of realistic dramaturgy of the new time. So the writer's work of the Moliere gained the highest historical assessment and in a certain sense was erected to normal and sample.

True, the creativity of the brilliant comediograph sometimes received other estimates. Polemizing with supporters of the "Academic Molter Starkki", imposing sometimes the Molver alien to him the role of the rebuilding moralist and a flat beetteser, a number of critics fell into another extreme, claiming that the author of Tartuf and Don Juan - just "actor, not a writer "What he thought only to make a viewer.

Struggling with the wretched idea of \u200b\u200b"academic Molvestics", supporters of the new theory allowed even more sin, denying the Moliere in general, all the ideas and turning into conflict between the Moliere and its flat meshansky interpretation of the eternal struggle between the "Theater" and "Literature" in connection with which And the dispute was an expense - which of the creative parties to the genius of Moliere is leading. Who was Moliere - "Man of Pen" or "Theater Man"?

It must be said that the battle for the Moliere between the literature and the scene goes long. And he began to make it still, performing a decisive warrior from the Terentation camp. Well remembered his urchorized verse:

(Translation S. Nesterova and S. Pirallova)

The name of the Tabaren, the famous square comedian comedian, was used here as the synonym for a folk farce theater.

And indeed, the famous criticism was because of what to annoy: at the age of fifty years, already writing all his masterpieces, his friend stubbornly did not leave the scene. He even played the role of a merchant ska foam, finally having lost the right to take the chair in the French Academy. And the reasons to become an academician of Moliere had more than anyone else: he stood on top of the century literature and was a widely educated writer, a deep thinker.

Jean-Batist Plente (the real name of Moliere) was born in January 1622, in the family of the royal coversack Jean Plente. Having lost his mother in childhood, he remained at the care of his grandfather Louis Cress, and then defined it in the Clermont College. It was the best educational institution of the country, and Jean-Batist Plench is one of his best disciples. The tendency to classes of literature and philosophy was found in Moliere very early. The diligent young man with love translated by verses a philosophical poem Lucreta Kara "On the nature of things", this famous encyclopedia of antiquity materialism.

From the younger years, the direction of the thought of Moliere was predetermined by the teaching of the French philosopher-materialist Pierre Gassendi, and the most passionate philosophy was connected with the persistent desire of the playwright, to know the essence, the "nature of things" of the world around the world - did not name the Moliere "Contemporance". A man contemplating, focusing thinking, looks at us and with a portrait of Lagran-Well: "He spoke a little, but aptive, and moreover, he watched the haggards and the bushes of others, finding excellent ways to introduce observing in their comedies."

The circle of people with whom the Moliere was friendly. He also gets closer to those who are prone to classes with philosophy and literature. This is Claude Shapel, the owner of a living ironic mind that later became a pamphletist writer; This is Francois Bernier - in the future the author of the bold political treatise; This is the playwright and philosopher Sirano de Bergerac. In the province of Moliere gets closer to the fun poet-epicurical d'Assusi, with Pierre's brothers and Tom Cornel. In Paris, Moliere friendly with the young depeo buoyed, with a philosopher-Gassendist La Mot Le Waye, with a free woman Ningon de Lanclo, with an enlightened lady, Mr. Sabirel, with young Jean Racian and, finally, Lafontaine, who said as if on behalf of all interlocutors And Moliere's like-minded people: "This is my man."

After all, rich literary sources, which the studies show, enjoyed Moliere, is the first indicator of extensive knowledge of the writer, its significant literary experience. Moliere is an excellent latin - four times uses plots of Roman authors in his comedies; He repeatedly appeals to the plays of Italian origin, uses Spanish material. An excellent connoisseur of French Renaissance, Moliere finds grains for his creations in Satire Matyurren Rainier or in comic stories told in the famous Roman Roman. His "good" Moliere found in the bins of the farce theater.

It would be possible to further expand the list of evidence that the actor Moliere was a prominent writer and literary widely educated person. And if he took him later for the pen, which rose to the stage, then this does not mean that the writing for him was a secondary in relation to the hypocrisy.

But so resolutely emphasizing the writing of the Moliere, one should not forget his own categorical statement: "Comedy is written in order to play them."

The unity of literary and acting creativity is really the most characteristic feature of the genius of Moliere. The greatest playwright of France began his entry into the theater as an actor and remained an actor all his life. This circumstance is of great importance, and it is not only that staying on the stage contributes to the best knowledge of the laws of the theater. The main thing is that, being thirty years on the stage, the Moliere of his own stage practice continued continuous French theater tradition, developing and coordinating it with the requirements of a high comedy genre. Not only to the very scene of the theater of the Moliere, but in all the internal stroke of his comedy, the element of a free square game was preserved, an open form of a hyseride, bright masks, the dynamics of the external construction of action - despite the fact that modern types were erected on the stage and morals were also shown. life of live validity.

It was extremely important that the Moliere, remaining the actor all his life, was in an urgent communication with hundreds of thousands of spectators. And if he himself influenced their views and tastes, then the people's audience with their applause, laughter, approval or renewal formed his taste and directed the worldview.

The inseparableness of drama and the theater was for the Moliere inherently creativity from its social function. The playwright, being an actor, he himself brought his plans to the end, directly did his own plays with the true heritage of the people.

Therefore, with such a certainty, it was said: "The comedies are written in order to play them."

And this was the most important condition that the Moliere could carry out the reform of the modern comedy. It turned out that the scene contributed to the Moller in his search for a new comedy, and the new comedy became the main reason for the prosperity of his theater.

The biography of Moliere (real surname Plente) is shrouded in many legends and secrets. The most bold of them - the assumptions that he was not the author of his plays. But in this sin was accused of many writers, ranging from Shakespeare and ending with Sholokhov. And serious literary studies have long been looking at such unreasonable statements through the fingers. But it is known that the play of playwright influenced the development of the theatrical art of the whole of Europe, including Russia. Therefore, we will not displacing the name of the Great Master and doubt his talent.

J. B. Moliere: Biography. Origin and early years

The playwright was born on January 13, 1622 in the ancient bourgeois Parisian family, which for centuries was famous for his craftsmen-draperiers. Father Jean Batista served at the court of Louis Xiii Campner and a jug. The place was very profitable, so the family did not disable.

The little Moliere was given to upbringing in the Jesuit school, which was called the Clermont College. This institution in those years was extremely popular. Here, Jean Batist perfectly mastered Latin and studied quite well on other disciplines.

In 1639, the young man graduated from college and endured the exam in Orleans on the title of the licentation of law. However, no desire to make a legal career, as to continue the family case, he did not have. Then Jean Baptiste decided to try himself as an actor. At this field, he smiled at good luck, and in 1643 he was already headed by the "Brilliant Theater". At the same time, he took a pseudonym Moliere. But soon the troupe was broken, and the actor decided to try his happiness with stray comedians.

First plays

The biography of Moliere in the years of wandering around the country (1645-1658) was filled with adversity and dangers, since at that time a civil war was going. From 1650, Jean Baptiste becomes the head of the troupe with which he traveled. The actor quickly realized that his theater was needed by new plays, it prompted him to take a pen. He began writing the farce plates, which practically did not reach us. However, many trends of such classic comedies have been preserved in mature Moliere works.

From these minor work began to grow popularity of playwright. Two comedies were brought together to be widely known in the capital: "Lovemanship" and "Sham". The main emphasis in them was put on intrigue and comic positions, and the characters themselves themselves were practically not developed by the author.

Attention king

October 24, 1658 made his debut on the stage of the Louvre in the presence of Louis XIV Moliere. A brief biography and did not cost without the description of this fateful event. The playwright submitted to the monarch of the monarch of the Parce "Beloved Doctor", whose text, unfortunately, was not preserved. The play had an extraordinary success and largely predetermined the fate of the author and his troupe - Louis allowed actors to perform in the court-of-theater of Pub-Bourbon. Here the Moliere worked until 1661, until he went to the Piano-Piano theater, the loyalty to which he retained until the end of his days.

After an incredible Paris success, the Moliere begins to work hard and hard. The passion for writing did not leave him until the death. For almost 15 years, he set his new plays, which caused the enthusiasm of the public and criticism from colleagues and unfriendliers. But envious attacks could not pay off the fame of the playwright.

Paris stage of creativity

The biography of the Moliere of this period focuses on its theatrical activity. Opens a new stage of creative a comedy "Funny chemmeters", which is considered the first original product of the writer. In this play, the author makes the evaporate against the manners and the strife of speech, which was popular in the aristocratic society. The comedy had an incredible success, but seriously vulnerable hemuncons. The playwright immediately found enemies that have achieved a two-week ban on playing the play. It only strengthened interest in the work. After the cancellation of the ban, the number of people willing to see the comedy tripled.

Moliere, whose biography is represented in this article, as we see, has not yet moved away from the farce techniques, which gives its plays area brightness and juiciness. However, the same made his works popular among the simple people.

Educational comedy.

However, a Moliere was brought shortly simple entertainer. The biography of the writer suggests that in 1661 he sharply changed the focus of his works. Now Jean Batist began to write social and psychological comedies of education. He raises questions of marriage, love, relationships to a woman. Now all his attention focuses on the character of the characters, they lose their meanings and become psychological. Moliere (a brief biography is this confirmation) makes a huge step from the primitive schematics of the farce to the play of the new level. Examples of such comedies became the "School of Women", "School of Husband", "Versailles Industry".

Family life

The decision to marry the writer accepted in 1622. Jean Batist Moliere (biography that has come down to us has kept little information about his personal life) chose Amanda Bezhar to his wife. This girl was the sister of Comedan Madelena, with whom the playwright met at the beginning of his career. It was the husband of this woman who helped him become the leader of the theater.

The difference between the spouses was 20 years. That is, the Molver at the time of marriage was forty, and his beloved only twenty. The celebration did not attach a big publicity, and only relatives and closest friends were attended at the wedding. The parents of the girl were generally against this marriage and were trying to dissuade the daughter until the latter. Shortly after Marriage, Amanda stopped with them any relationship.

In marriage, the Moliere born three children. However, there are many evidence that both spouses were unhappy in this union. Too big was between them the difference. And here affected not only age, but also interests. Moliere literally "breathed" the theater, while Amanda could not fully divide his passions.

Comedy Ballet

The biography of Moliere is the history of the actor and the writer, for which there was nothing more important in life. It is not surprising that glory grew. An important was the fact that he was increasingly invited to the yard for holidays and celebrations. It is for such cases that Moliere created a unique genre - comedy-ballet.

The ballet was a courtie view of art, and even members of the royal family took part in such productions, but for a long time he did not change. Therefore, the idea is a bit of transforming the usual action had a dizzying success. Moliere subjugated the dance sketches to the plot, framing them with small satirical verses. These places include:

• "Uncontrollable";
• "Marriage is involved";
• "Princess Eldeskaya";
• "Mnimy patient";
• "Comic Pastoral";
• "Psyche", etc.

At the same time, the playwright was not afraid to choose the top of the aristocratic society, including the clergy.

The last stage of creativity

With age, Jean Batist Moliere begins to apply to the ever. A brief biography is impossible without mentioning the Misantroprop play. The comedy was too serious for the audience, who were looking for only entertainment, therefore was not successful. To save the situation, the writer joined this work with the farce "Leckery of Punish". Surprisingly, the more complicated and more seriously became the comedy of Moliere, the more often he had to return to the original simplicity to attract the public. Socio-psychological plays were too complicated for a simple people who usually visited the theater.

For such a return to Buffonade, Jean Batist Moliere confirms this (biography, this confirms this) was ossened to contemporary critics, including Bouoye, who believed that it was impossible to indulge in the crowd to harm art. Nevertheless, it is these "low" comedies later were very highly appreciated by literary criticism and became a classic genre.

Originality

The biography of Jean Moliere talks about him as an amazing person who never considered the theater of simple fun for the plebs. Therefore, he with the same passion wrote both serious social plays and farces. This suggests him as one of the most advanced representatives of his era, who saw the meaning of life in one - to know the validity as much as possible to strengthen the human domination on Earth. Moliere was a classic materialist. He did not recognize God, but he believed that there was a certain consciousness of material reality in the world, which forms human world and is a source of good and truth for people. The same who considered it differently, he merged merzy on his plays. All these pedants, school scientists, chemmeters, charlatan doctors, are too subjective looking at the world and believe that they knew him. This is their comicness.

Artistic method

He possessed his unique art method of J. Moliere. The biography of the writer convinces us that even a person of low origin and work (the actors at that time were laughed in the Higher Society) can leave their mark in history and change the world, if it is endowed with talent and perseverance.

Our article comes up to its completion, but finally I would like to list the characteristic features of the artistic method of the writer:

• Schematization of images, especially in the early plays. This feature was inherited by a Moliere from the Comedy Dell'Arte. However, in later works, he increasingly pays attention to the psychological component of his characters.
• A clear boundary between negative and positive heroes, constant opposition of vices and virtue.
• The conflict of his plays was built on the collision of active external forces with passive internal, that is, circumstances with the moral principles of heroes.
• The high dynamism of the comedy is manifested only outwardly, the characters remain unchanged and are not able to evolve.

Death of actor

The biography of Moliere (a summary cannot remember this) breaks down on February 17, 1673. It was on that day a great comedian died. Shortly before death, already being ill, Jean Batist wrote a comedy "imaginary patient." And so, when the play was put on the fourth time, and the Moliere played one of the main roles, the playwright was bad, and he could not do the performance.

Natives suffered a patient home, where he died in a few hours. The archbishop of Paris first prevented the Moliere at all at all, as the actor was a big sinner and had to repent before death. Only the intervention of the king made it possible to correct the situation. And the great writer buried at night for the cemetery fence, as suicides were buried. So graduated from His life Jean Batist Moliere. A brief biography of a writer must necessarily contain this moment of his life history.

"I know and love Moliere from early youth and he studied all his life. Every year I

i reread a few of his things in order to join this

amazing skill. But I love Moliere not only for the perfection of it

artistic techniques, and mostly, perhaps, for his charming

naturalness ... "These words" thank students "belong to Goethe, creator

"Fausta", which influenced all world literature. Michael Bulgakov

the gymnasium and student looked at the Faust Opera forty one time, without

doubts, called the original idea of \u200b\u200b"Master and Margarita". But at that time

Bulgakov, like the once young Moliere, dreamed of becoming an actor, and later, in heavy

life strip when Bulgakov's plays were forbidden to reinforce the spirit he

turned to the fate of the great comedic and wrote a documentary novel "Life

mr. De Moliere, "showing the capriciousness of fortune and inaccessible earthly

understanding Eternity Justice: Lucky Moliere, King's favorite, for evil

the irony of the fate of a sudden death overtook during the execution of the role of his

imaginary patient, secretly buried

at night next to suicides as a great sinner, whose grave was lost,

and the manuscripts were gone, returned to us. "So he! This is he - the royal comedian with

bronze bows on shoes! And I, who is never destined to see him,

i send him my farewell hello! "So Bulgakov completed his novel.

Real name Moliere - Jean Batist Plente. He was born in Paris and was baptized 15

january 1622, as the entry in the book of the Paris Church of the Holy

Eustachia. His father is Jean Plente and both grandfather were covers. Judging by the Father

writer bought himself a royal cooler and chamener king, affairs

he was wonderful. Mother, Marie Cress, died quite young.

Jean Plente saw in the primacy of Justa Batiste the successor of his court office and

even achieved the king to consolidate the place for him officially. Since that

the case did not require special education, Jean Baptiste for fourteen years

Clermons-cue Jesuit College.

At that time it was the best educational institution in Paris. Training program

included ancient languages, natural sciences, philosophy, Latin verbose.

He received a diploma of the license law and even performed several times in court as

However, he did not become a lawyer nor a courted jug. Refusing rights to

father's position and taking his share from the maternal legacy, he was given

passion, which fully subjugated him - theater, dreaming to be tragic

That was the time when the theater passed from street layouts on the scenes of luxurious

halls, turned out of fun for simpleness to exquisite entertainment and

philosophical teaching for aristocrats, refusing compressed on the ambulance

park hand in favor of the present literature. Nevertheless, the street theater is something

he taught Moliere. He took skill lessons as in the Italian comedy from the famous

Tiberio Phiorilli, more famous for the scenic name Skaramush (but it will be

much later) and in the fair bolands (where he started).

Together with several actors, Jean Baptiste created his theater, which, not

doubting success, named brilliant, took the pseudonym Moliere and began

try yourself in the tragic roles of the tragedy at that time became the leading genre

thanks to extraordinary success

Cornell Side (1636). The brilliant theater existed for long, without preparing

rivalry with professional Parisian troupes. The most persistent

enthusiasts, among them gifted tragic actress and gentle girlfriend Moliere

Madelene Bezhar, decided to try happiness in the province.

During thirteen years of travel throughout France (1646-1658) Moliere

retrained from tragic in the comedian, because the farce performances

we used a special location from the provincial public. Moreover,

the need to constantly update the repertoire forced Moliere to take a pen,

to compose the plays yourself. So Moliere, who dreamed of playing tragic roles

Caesar and Alexander the Great, imaginary became a comedian and comediograph.

Slowing fame the best provincial troupe, the Moliere Theater (he became his

the leader) decided to return to Paris in the capital, as they say, they were not waiting - in

theatrical case, as in all times, the scenes were already divided.

Neucharging Moliere for a start lied by the patronage of Brother King, Monsieur,

having received permission to be called "Truppe Monsieur" for his theater, and then achieved

higher Grace to show Louis XIV Putting of his comic play

"In Love Doctor" (not preserved). Louis at that time was only twenty

for years, and he managed to evaluate the Moliere humor. Since then, "Truppe Monsieur" became frequent

guest in the castles of the king.

The first original play of the Moliere, that is, the play that does not take into account the audience

of the year. Success was stunning and scandalous.

Russian translation does not fully reflect the French meaning of the name. It's not

just about coquetry and chemmers as such, but about precenty and precipitates,

then then in the metropolitan salons. According to the conviction of transceosents, everything that relates

to everyday life and everyday human manifestations, is low and

rude. They needed paradises (like Vertinsky on the forecasters of the beginning of XX

century), that is, unearthly feelings, sophisticated expressions. They dreamly

ideality and despised gross matter, and the scolded comedy came out: "Ah, God

mY, MILK! Like the father of your form is immersed in matter! "- Says

moliere's heroine of his girlfriend. There are more "sophisticated" phrases:

"Portursheze is a great refuge from the attacks of dirt"; "You need to be antipode

common sense to not recognize Paris ";" In the melody there is something chromatic "

Many learned on stage Salon Marquis Rambill, where Paris gathered

fRONDIGING TO KNOW. "Funny pempels" due to

the scene intrigues were banned, but only two weeks. Won art and word

"Precise", previously pronounced with respect as "exquisite", acquired

comic shade and sledging many "pre-ocious" minds.

girls: despotic and loyal, in favor of the last, as well as the "Lesson of Wives"

(1662), the meaning of which expresses Maxim Larancy: "Passion often turns

the helicate of people in the simplet, and the prostodas makes inchurous. "Deals

saw in the plays the reflection of the family troubles of the Moliere himself, and Puritan -

excess obstacles and disrespect for religion.

Moliere's trouble really were by that time he married her sister

majar - Armanda, who was twice as younger than his former girlfriend.

Evil languages \u200b\u200bargued that Armanda is not a sister, but Madlena's daughter, and condemned

The "immorality" of the Moliere groomed on his daughter's daughter's mistress.

However, this is not our business. But the fact that the reasons for gloomy thoughts could have

to be guess. Moliere, according to the memories of contemporaries, was inclined

to melancholy (as it often happens to the writers of the comedy genre), the temper had

irritable and jealous, and also entered into the age of the village, Armanda was

young, charming and flirty. Everything else, this "simple story"

it was aggravated by gossip and "Oedipal" hints.

Everything put the end of the king. Louis XIV at that time was happily in love with

mademoiselle de Lavalier, and hence generous and wide in her eyes. He took under

protection of the play "Volnoduumtsa" and, moreover, agreed to become a godfather

firstborn Moliere and Armanda, and the godfather became Henrietta English that

it was eretering any declaration of inviolability.

As for "obscene jokes" in the Moliere Comedies, it can

comment on the witty comment Goethe. Eckerman (wonderful author

books "Conversations with Goethe") translated some Moliere comedies into German

language and complained that in the German scene they are coming united because

insulting girls excessive "fineness of feelings" taking start in "ideal

the literature "" No, - answered Goethe, - the public is to blame. Well,

asks, do our young girls there? The place is not in the theater, but in

monastery, the theater exists for men and women who know life. When wrote

Moliere, the girls lived in monasteries (brought up there before the age of adulthood. -

L.K.), and he, of course, did not take them into account. Now the girls are already from the theater not

survive, and we will give weak plays, quite suitable for them,

therefore, type prudence and do as me, that is, simply do not go to

The following comedies - "Tartuf, or Deceiver" (1664), "Don Juan, or Stone

guest "(1665) and" Misanthrop "(1666) - are considered the peaks of the creativity of the Moliere. They

heroes express three ways of world view: Svyatosh Tartuf, about those in the people

say the "holy of Pope Roman", believing that "there are any

justification in the intentions of goody "; Bedless don Juan, challenging heaven and

dying from a chain of a stone guest, under grinding, similar to the sentence,

his servant: "Ah, my salary, my salary1 Death Don Juan to all in hand.

Angry Sky, Fair Laws, Seduced Girls, Related Family ...

everything, everyone is satisfied not lucky to me. My salary! .. ", as well as moralist

misanthrop, in Azart Bachewing of human defects, the breaking all nine commandments:

"Without excluding I hate all the mortals: / Some - for the fact that evil and cause

harm, / others - for the fact that there is no disgust in them, / that hate them

living force / for eternal struggle with evil was not inspired. "

n1 "Tartuf" after the first productions was prohibited. And jesuits and

jansenists saw in a ridicule of the religious hypocrisy of Tartuf attacks on the church.

Archbishop Parish threatened his flue from the church for any attempt

get to know the comedy, and some Cure offered a sacredistant author to burn on

bone. Even the king is likely to intervene in this case, preferring to support

Moliere is awesome. The comedy did not appear on the scenes five years, while public

installations did not softened a bit.

"Don Juan" was written by Moliere after the ban "Tartuf" to feed

troupe, but also an unpleasant story happened to him: after the fifteenth

ideas, despite the noisy success in the public, "Don Juan" unexpectedly disappeared

from the scene after Tartuf, the Moliere caused increased attention of the orders of Jesuits and,

it must be assumed, here either did not cost without their intervention. King to save

moliere's "Monsieur", raised him in the rank, giving the name "King's actors" and

the troupe began to pay a salary from the treasury.

It should be noted that the creative audacity of the Moliere (the so-called "innovation")

far ahead of the evolution of aesthetic and ethical norms, and his artistic

fullness that Goethe called the "charming naturalness", bordered at that

time with a violation of morality, but the same and kept his plays eternal youth

Moreover, the texts of the Moliere are read, without causing "material resistance", but

note, a rare playwright is the plays that, when reading, would not lose

before the scenic productions.

In "Misanthrope", many saw a reflection of the gloomy state of the spirit of the author himself,

which corrected with the main character. The grounds for this were. Moliere

really was in a heavy lane of life: his son died without living and the year,

king's sickness, with Armanda, who focused on the theater and burned first stage

success and victories, conflicts began, "Tartuf", whom he considered his

the biggest luck was banned.

Total Moliere left 29 comedies, some of them were written on the event of courtiers

the festivities - Princess Eldida (1664), "Mr. De Pursoniak" (1669),

"Brilliant lovers" (1670) and others, some relate to the genre of family

household comedies, such as "Georges Danden, or a fooled husband", "marriage

involving "," stingy "(all - 1668)," Plotnie Skapane "(1671)," Scientists of women "

The latest significant comedies of Moliere - "Miscean in the nobility" (1670) and

"Mnimy patient" (1673) - written as comedy ballets. "Moisanman in the nobility",

the premiere of which was held in the castle Shambor at the festivals on the occasion

royal hunt, did not like the audience, and it could hardly like in the castle

the charming hero "From the Meshan" on the background of the traded graph and frivolous

coquettes of the Marquise, which is also reading the checkout - as they say, not that

hierarchy.

Moliere went out to the stage in order to merry the public in the role of Argan

diseases. Some viewers noticed how convulsions began, but

they perceived it as a brilliant game. After the performance, Molhera rushed her throat

blood, and he died. He was fifty-one

Moliere did not have time to bold, and the Archbishop of Paris, by virtue of the customs

time, forbade the body of the "comedian" and "unrepreneurship of a sinner" to betray the earth

according to the Christian rite only after the intervention of Louis XIV Archbishop

i went to some concessions.

On the day of the funeral under the windows of the house where Moliere lived, a crowd gathered, but not at all

then, to spend it on the last path - to prevent the burial. Armanda

threw out the money in the window, trying to calm the excited public ...

I buried the Moliere at night - "... In the crowd of those who had seen ... Artist Pierre

Mignyar, Basinista Lafontaine and Poets Boujah and Sha-Pel. They all carried torches in

hands - Mikhail Bulgakov writes ... - When one street passed, a window opened in

the house and the awesome woman walkedly asked: "Who are they buried9" - "some

Molie Ra "," answered another woman. This Moliere brought to the cemetery

saint Joseph and buried in the department where suicides and unresolved

children and in the Church of St. Eustafia The priest noted briefly that 21

february 1673, on Tuesday, was buried at the cemetery of St. Joseph

royal Camnedine Jean Batist Plente "

Molière (FR. Molière, real name Jean Batist Poquelin; Fr. Jean Baptiste Poquelin; January 13, 1622, Paris - February 17, 1673, Ibid) - Comediographer of France and New Europe, the creator of the classical comedy, by profession the actor and director of the theater.

His father was a court circumference. He did not care about the education to give his son. It is difficult to believe, but by fourteen years the future routine routing learned to read and write. However, the abilities of the boy became pretty noticeable. He did not want to adopt his father's craft. I had to put the son-eldest to give the son to the Jesuit college, where he in five years old became one of the best disciples. Moreover: one of the educational people of their time.

At the end of the college, Jean Batist received the rank of lawyer and was directed to Orleans. However, the theater was love and the dream of all his life. From several friends organized a young troupe in Paris and called her "brilliant theater". There were no own plays in the project. Plench took himself a pseudonym Moliere and decided to try himself in the role of the tragic actor.

The new theater of success did not have and had to close it. Moliere goes to Western in France with a stray troupe. Westerns enrich life experience. Moliere studied the lives of different classes. In 1653, he put one of his first plays "Saddy". The author did not dream about literary glory. Just a repertar troupe was poor.

Paris Moliere returns in 1658. This is an experienced actor and mature writer. Speech troupe in Versaille before the royal yard was successful. Theater is left in Paris. In 1660, Moliere gets the scene in the village of Palae Piano, built with Cardinale Richelieu.

In total, in the capital of France, the drama has lived fourteen years. During this time, more than thirty plays were created. The famous theoretical literature of Nicolas Boulevon in a conversation with the king said that his board would be glorified thanks to the Moloret's playwright.

The satirical focus of the truthful comedies of Moliere created him many enemies. So, for example, on the comedy "Tartuf", implacing the hypocritical holy, offended and know the clergy. The comedy was prohibited, they were allowed to perform. All the life of the Moliere pursued intriguers. Even the funeral they tried to prevent him.

Moliere died on February 17, 1673. He performed a major role in his play "Mnifey Patient" and felt bad on the scene. A few hours later, the great playwright died. The Archbishop Parisian banned to bury the body of the "comedian" and "not repentable sinner" according to Christian rites.

I buried him secret, at night, in the graveyard Saint-Joseph.

Comedy Moliere "Misanthrop", "Don Juan", "Trades (Plotnie) Skapane", "Skupoy", "School" and others still do not go from the scene of world theaters.

Source http://lit-helper.ru and http://ru.wikipedia.org