Whom use.

Silent lover - rubber doll for men Fetish woman with doll

When we want to clarify information, we usually ask additional questions with the words “who, to whom, what, which”:

"What movie to see? Who gave this to you? What did you buy? What dress should I buy?

In English we use interrogative pronouns for this: who, what, which, whose, whom. Often these pronouns cause confusion and confusion about when to use which word.

In the article I will talk in detail about each pronoun and give you a general table of the use of these words.

From the article you will learn:

What are interrogative pronouns? Interrogative pronouns

- these are words that indicate a person, object or signs unknown to the speaker.

For example:

Who baked this cake? (point to the person)

What did you bring? (point to the object)

What shoes should I wear? (point to the sign)

As you understand, such pronouns are used in interrogative sentences.

• In English, the most common interrogative pronouns are:
• who - who, whom
• whose - whose
• what - what, which
• which - which

whom - whom

Let's look at each of these words in detail.

Interrogative pronoun who Translation:

who will win Pronunciation:

/ [huu] Usage:

We use who when asking about people (sometimes pets).

• The word who can:

Replace the actor in a sentence

In this case, we translate who as “who”. By asking such a question, we find out who did or did not do a certain action. For example: Who came? Who
broke the window?

In this case, we translate who as “who”. By asking such a question, we find out who did or did not do a certain action. For example: Who came? Who broke the window?
called me?

Who called me?

• Please note that such sentences are constructed as a question to the subject. That is, we do not use auxiliary verbs (did, does, do, etc.).

Replace an additional member of a sentence

In this case, we translate who as “who”. By asking such a question, we find out who did or did not do a certain action. For example: Who came? In this case, we translate who as “whom, to whom.” By asking such a question, we find out who a certain action was aimed at. For example: Who did you congratulate?
did you call?

In this case, we translate who as “who”. By asking such a question, we find out who did or did not do a certain action. For example: Who came? Who did you call?
did you invite?

Note! Such proposals are constructed as special questions. That is, we use auxiliary verbs.

Interrogative pronoun whom

Whom

Interrogative pronoun who whom, whom

who will win/ [huum]

/ [huu] We use whom when asking about people (sometimes pets). In such sentences we find out who the action is directed at. For example: Who are you waiting for?

Whom did you meet?
Who did you meet?

Whom will you write?
Who will you write to?

The words who and whom are similar. Let's look at the difference between them, and then move on to the rest of the words.

What is the difference between who and whom?

As you noticed, both words who and whom can be translated as “whom” and used in the same situations. But there is a slight difference between them.

Whom most often used in formal (official) speech or writing.

In this case, we translate who as “who”. By asking such a question, we find out who did or did not do a certain action. For example: Who came? usually used colloquially.

Interrogative pronoun whose

Whose

Interrogative pronoun who whose, whose, whose

who will win/ [huuz]

/ [huu] We use the word whose when we talk about belonging to someone. We can talk about both the belonging of an object and a person. For example: Whose gift did you like best?

Whose book is this?
Whose book is this?

Whose friend is he?
Whose friend is he?

Interrogative pronoun what

What

Interrogative pronoun who what, what

who will win[?w?t] / [wat]

/ [huu] We use the word what when we talk about inanimate objects, animals or abstract concepts.

The word what can replace:

• Item

In this case we translate what as “what”. For example: What did you bring?

What do you read?
What are you reading?

What did she draw?
What did she draw?

• Item attribute

In this case we translate what as “which”. After what in this case comes the subject we are asking about. For example: What kind of music do you listen to?

What books do you like?
What books do you like?

What bag should I buy?
Which bag should I buy?

Interrogative pronoun which

Which

Interrogative pronoun who which, which

who will win/[vich]

/ [huu] We use which with both people and objects. This word suggests a choice from several items. For example, a girl has 3 dresses. She asks: Which dress should I wear?

Which is your luggage?
Which luggage is yours?

Which phone is broken?
Which phone is broken?

Let's look at the difference between the words what and which.

What is the difference between what and which?

The words what and which are often confused. Since both words can be translated as “which”. But there is a difference between them.

What we use when we talk about unlimited choice. For example, you ask: “What shoes should I buy?” The answer options can be anything: blue, red, black, etc. You do not limit a person's choice.

Which we use when choosing from some specific options. For example, you choose between red, black and yellow shoes. You ask: “Which shoes should I buy?” The interlocutor must choose between these 3 options.

General table of use of interrogative pronouns

Let's take another look at the general table of use of all these pronouns.

So, we've covered the theory, and now let's move on to practice.

Reinforcement task

Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Who brought this?
2. Which sweater should I wear?
3. Whose cat is this?
4. Which writer do you like?
5. What did you bring?
6. Who did you meet?

Interrogative-Relative Pronouns in English.

Interrogative relative pronouns include who- Who, whose- whose, what- what, which, which- which. Adjacent to this group is the relative pronoun that– what, which.

Pronoun In this case, we translate who as “who”. By asking such a question, we find out who did or did not do a certain action. For example: Who came?

Pronoun who refers to persons and is used without a subsequent noun or pronoun. When consumed who as an interrogative pronoun in the function of a subject, the predicate, as a rule, has a singular form:
Who helps are you in your work? - Who helps you in your work?
Exceptions are those cases when the questioner knows that the answer to his question will be a plural noun:
Who were playing chess at thesecondtable? - Whoplayed chess at the second table?

If who as an interrogative pronoun, it is the nominal part of the predicate, the linking verb agrees in person with the subject:
Who are they? - Who are they?
In this case, we translate who as “who”. By asking such a question, we find out who did or did not do a certain action. For example: Who came?is thisgirl? - Who's that girl?

In this case, we translate who as “who”. By asking such a question, we find out who did or did not do a certain action. For example: Who came? has the form of the oblique case whom, which is used as a question word in the complement function, especially in formal style. who In an informal style, these functions are performed by

in the general case. Compare: who When consumed
as a relative pronoun “who”, “which” in the function of the subject in a subordinate clause, the predicate can be in both singular and plural: The girl who wasBarely 20 had - already worked 5 years.Young woman, which
Just turned 20, already worked for 5 years.Theyheardthemovementsof those w ho were on the bank. - They heard movements those who

was on the shore. Who can be used as a relative pronoun in emphatic expressionitis (who was) ...
to highlight a subject denoting a person: It was who I - told the police. It's me

told the police. whom Pronoun usage
as a relative pronoun is relatively rare: whom This is Mr Perkinsyou met
at the sales conference. - This is Mr. Perkins, with which
you met at a sales conference. whom The people with he worked
he is regarded as eccentric. - People with which

he worked, they considered him eccentric. whom In an informal style that or is replaced by
, or omitted altogether: that There's the man ( heard) we met inpublast
night. - That man over there whom

we saw it in the pub yesterday. Pronouns Which What, And

What That which And
– unchangeable pronouns that can be used both with nouns and personal pronouns, and independently. what That which When used without a noun or pronoun,
Which can only refer to inanimate objects:would you like – steak or - place? What
What Will you have steak or flounder? - place? would you like to drink?

will you drink? which Wherein what implies limited, and
What– wider choice.
What may apply to persons if their profession or occupation is ascertained. For example: - are you? By whom
you are working? What's - Who your brother?

what your brother?
in the function of the subject it is used in the singular: What has happened? -
What's happened? what Verb-predicate with a pronoun
in the function of the nominal part of the predicate agrees in person and number with the subject: What is your opinion- on this question? What's it like yours opinion
about this question? What are his daughters - like? Which him?
daughters what(Questionis/are... like?

corresponds to the Russian “what”, “what”). what in the function of addition in combination with prepositions it corresponds to the Russian “what” in indirect cases with and without prepositions. Preposition relating to what as an interrogative or relative pronoun, usually takes place after the verb:
What is he going to talk about? - About what is he going to talk?

Combined with a noun which That what can refer to both inanimate and animate nouns. The semantic difference between which That what and the same:

corresponds to the Russian “what”, “what”). what as a relative does not coincide in meaning with the Russian “what”. Relative pronoun what either attaches an indirect question (subordinate explanatory clause), or corresponds to the complex Russian conjunction “such as”, “that that”.
He asked me what I intended to do? - He asked me, What I intend to do.
Heaskedmewhat colorI'd like.- He asked me, Which the color I would prefer.
The life in the country is notwhat it used to be.- Life in the village is not like this, How was earlier.
Igaveherjustwhat sheneeded.- I gave it to her just what she need.
Do you want to hear what hesaid?- Do you want to hear That, What He said?

In the latter case what has a general meaning - “all that” If such a meaning is somehow specified, instead what used that:
Do you want to hear the words that he said?- You want to hear those words kotory He said?

Relative pronoun that refers to words heardwords and corresponds to the Russian “which”. If we need the relative pronoun to refer to the entire sentence, instead of what or that used which:
Sally went out with George, which Made Paul very angry.- Sally left with George, What made Paul very angry.

Which as a relative pronoun, "which" can also refer to one of the members of the main clause denoting an inanimate object. In such cases, a comma before which not put:
Just turned 20, already worked for 5 years.returnedtotheircanoewhich they had left in the stream.- They returned to their canoe, kotoswarm left on the river.

Relative pronoun that often used instead who(about people) and which(about objects) in subordinate clauses sentences in cases where the subordinate clause contains information that is absolutely necessary for understanding who or what is being discussed in the main clause. Compare:
Thewomanthat/ who usuallycuts my hair has moved toanother hairdresser's.
- Woman, which She usually cuts my hair, she moved to work at another hairdresser.
Dorothy,who cutsmyhairhasmovedtoanotherhair-dresser's.
- Dorothy, Who She usually cuts my hair, she moved to work at another hairdresser.

If we omit the subordinate clause in the second sentence, it will not lose its meaning: it will remain quite clear who we are talking about - Dorothy. The very first sentence without an attributive clause loses its meaning. In such sentences it is used that:
Where'sheardgirlthat sellsheard- Where is that girl? which sells bi-
tickets? = ... who sells... years?
I've lost the bananas that I've- I lost my bananas which bought
bought this morning. this morning.

That especially often used after superlative degrees of comparison and words all, every(thing), some(thing), any(thing), no(thing), none, little, few, much, only:
It's the best film that ever's been made on this subject. - This best movie, which has ever been filmed on this topic.
Is this all that's left?- This All, What left?
Haveyougotanything that belongs to me?
- Do you have anything that belongs to me?
The only thing that matters is to find our way home.
- The only thing, What What matters is finding the way home.

If that is the object of the predicate clause, it is often omitted, especially in spoken English:
Heisamanpeoplelikeatfirstsight.- He's one of those Who I like it at first sight.

corresponds to the Russian “what”, “what”). Whose
Invariable pronoun whose– whose usually used in relation to persons. In a sentence whose usually serves as a modifier and comes immediately before the noun it refers to. The noun in this case is used without an article:
Whose books arethese? - Whose This books?

Whose as a relative pronoun it means “whose”, “whose”:
This is Henry whose wife works for my brother.- This is Henry, whose wife/ wife - That man over there works for my brother.

Sometimes whose can be used as a relative pronoun in relation to inanimate nouns:
Itwasameeting whose importance I didn’t realize at the time.- That was meeting, importance which I didn't understand at the time.
However, it is preferable to use a prepositional construction with which:
It was a meeting the importance of which I didn’t realize at the time.

Which or that? What's better? And what is the difference between them?

Is it necessary to use whom instead of who? And in what cases?

Can which and who always be replaced by that? And how do you say “whose” in English?

Let's find out!

Which, who, that - sentences with "which"

Today we will talk about complex sentences with “which” and “whose”.

In Russian they look like this:

Did you watch that movie? which did we discuss?

As you can see, there are at least two parts to such sentences. In the first example, the division goes like this:

1) Did you watch that movie...

2) ...which we discussed?

In the second example the situation is a little more complicated: there one part is inside another:

1) The man... is Mr. Owens.

2) ...whose Mercedes is next to your Honda...

We use the words “who” and “whose” to clarify the content of the first part, build a bridge to it and provide additional information.

In English, such sentences also exist, only instead of “which” are used several words at once: who, which, that.

The problem, of course, is that these words are used in different cases. Let's consider each of them in order.

Who

In this case, we translate who as “who”. By asking such a question, we find out who did or did not do a certain action. For example: Who came? means "which, which, which" and is only used when talking about people!

In a sentence it can refer to a character, committing action (which, which, which):

The man who brought the envelope said that it was very important.
Human, which He brought an envelope and said that it was very important.

People who don"t have any work experience can"t apply for this position.
People, which do not have work experience, cannot apply for this vacancy.

Or who may refer to someone above by whom action performed (which, which, which):

Mr. and Mrs. Dunn who you invited to your wedding said that they can"t come.
Mr and Mrs Dunn which

Gabby who
Gabby's which I asked you to help me choose wallpaper, good taste.

Sometimes, such sentences also have a preposition (a small word like with, to, for etc.). It cannot be thrown away: we put it at the end of the part with who.

Who is the man who you were talking with?
Who is the man With - This is Mr. Perkins, with did you talk?

A person who I bought this gift for was very happy.
Human, For - That man over there I bought this gift, I was very happy.

Please note that in Russian we do the opposite: we put such words next to “which” (“with which”, “for which”, etc.)

We can supply whom, when an action is performed on someone:

Mr. and Mrs. Dunn whom
Mr and Mrs Dunn which you invited me to a wedding, but they said they couldn’t come.

Gabby whom I asked to help me with choosing wallpapers has a very good sense of taste.
Gabby's which I asked you to help me choose wallpaper, good taste.

This is grammatically correct, but is practically not used in spoken language. However whom can be found in official business texts (documents, official letters, etc.) - be prepared for this!

Which

Which means "which, which, which, which" and "which, which, which, which." This word is only used for objects and animals!

The laptop which I bought yesterday broke down.
Laptop, which I bought it yesterday, it broke.

Bring me the scissors which are on the shelf, please.
Bring me the scissors which on the shelf, please.

Cases like " With which", " To to whom", require a pretext at the end parts With which:

That

Unlike the word who, which is used only for humans, and which, used only with objects and animals, that is a universal word.

It is inserted in all cases: for people, animals, and objects. In other words, they can replace who, And which. In any unclear situation, use that.

Bring me the scissors that are on the shelf, please.
Bring me the scissors which on the shelf, please.

People that don"t have any work experience can"t apply for this job.
People, which do not have work experience, cannot apply for this vacancy.

The same as in the cases with who What, which, « With which", " For which" and so on are built by adding a preposition at the end of the part with that:

This is the castle that the legendary count Dracula lived in!
This is a castle V which lived the legendary Count Dracula!

Who is the man that you were talking with?
Who is the man With - This is Mr. Perkins, with did you talk?

(!) There is only one case where that never used. These are cases where we use "which" to enter additional, optional information.

Mr. and Mrs. Dunn whom you invited to your wedding, said that they can't come.
Mr and Mrs Dunn which you invited me to a wedding, but they said they couldn’t come.

The laptop, which I bought yesterday, broke down.
Laptop, which I bought it yesterday, it broke.

We check as follows: If information, introduced With with help "which" Can throw it away without loss of meaning, then you can’t put it there that.

Mr. and Mrs. Dunn whom you invited to your wedding said that they can"t come.
Mr and Mrs Dunn whichyou invited to the wedding, They said they couldn't come.

The laptop which I bought yesterday broke down.
Laptop, which I bought it yesterday, it broke.

If you can’t throw it away, then use it. that. Let's look at the following examples and see that we can't get rid of what comes after that.

Bring me the scissors that are on the shelf, please.
Bring me some scissors whichon the shelf, please.

(The meaning is lost: we are talking about specific scissors; information about the shelf is important.)

The man that brought the envelope said that it was very important.
Human, which He brought an envelope and said that it was very important.

(The meaning is lost: the information came specifically from the one who brought the envelope and, apparently, knows about its contents.)

Whose

The question remains: how to express belonging, that is, to say “whose”? From the word who another is formed - whose("whose, whose, whose, whose"). It can also be used in complex sentences:

My sister whose opinion I respect told me to apply for a different position.
My sister, whose I respect your opinion, she told me to apply for another vacancy.

Several people whose names I won't mention don't agree with this decision.
Some people, whose I will not mention names, I do not agree with this decision.

Do you remember that scientist whose research got a Nobel Prize in biology last year?
Do you remember that scientist whose research won a Nobel Prize last year?

For objects and animals whose also used:

White cats whose eyes are blue are usually deaf.
White cats, whose blue eyes are usually deaf.

In Russia there are several cities whose population is more than one million.
There are several cities in Russia whose the population is more than one million.

I hope the information was useful and understandable. For it to finally take hold, let's do exercise.

Reinforcement tasks

Insert the correct word for ___. If any small words need to be rearranged, do so.

1. Ann Wyatt, who I went to school with ___, is now a famous businesswoman!
2. The case I told about ___ is very rare.
3. Tomorrow I will talk about the project for ___ I collected data.
4. Phones ___ batteries failed prematurely will be repaired at service centers free of charge.
5. I mark on this map the countries ___ I visited.
6. Is there anyone here ___ capable of solving this problem?
7. I want to wear the watch ___ that Mr. President gave me.
8. Ben, ___ his grades left much to be desired, was expelled.

29.07.2014

We often use these words to mean something in English. But not everyone knows when to use them correctly.

Therefore, today, friends, we bring to your attention this short article about the use of which and that + examples.

So that's it.

Uses of which and that

Both which What, that can function as relative pronouns.

And can be used to refer to both objects and persons. In its turn which not used to identify individuals.

• The girl that I saw at the party was a spy.
• I’ve never seen the documentary which is now on TV.

In a non-defining position, which can define either a single word or the entire meaning of the main sentence.

• We love spending our holidays in my grandparents’ house, which is in the countryside.
• He was trying to seem nice with her, which was a surprise to everyone.

In the defining position you can use both and that What, which.

• I asked Joe to give me the book that my sister lent him last week.
• I asked Joe to give me the book which my sister lent him last week.

Features of using that

However, only that(or null pronoun) must be used with:

1. Indefinite pronouns or constructions with an indefinite pronoun.

• Mindy spoiled all the apples that were in the basket.
• I wish I could find the CD that has the soundtracks from the movie.

2. Superlative adjectives or phrases with superlative adjectives.

• This is the best birthday that I’ve ever had.
• You must remember that now the most important thing for her is the rest.

3. Ordinal numbers (or phrases with them)

• The first that I would do there is trying on all the dresses.
• The second episode that we made about the sea was a failure.

4. Phrases with the only…/thing…

• The only music that I really like is rock and roll.
• The thing that I like in Amy is honesty.

5. If there is a preposition before a pronoun, then we only use which.

• This is the town in that/which Adam was born.
• Do you remember the cafe opposite which we stayed in Paris?

In conclusion, I would like to remind you that you can still use the pronoun to refer to persons who.

That's all. Learn English with pleasure!

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One of the most common questions among people who have decided seriously is when to use whom What, who.

In fact, the difference in the use of these two pronouns is quite obvious, and it is not even entirely clear why students ask this question so often. If you still belong to those who find these pronouns difficult, then continue reading this article. We'll figure it out together.

In this case, we translate who as “who”. By asking such a question, we find out who did or did not do a certain action. For example: Who came? What, whoever are subject pronouns, and whom What, whoever— object. By the way, the site has already published an article touching on the topic of subjective and object pronouns: when “me” and “I” are used. The situation with “whom” and “who” is almost the same.

Just in case, let's remember once again what subjective and object pronouns are. These words play completely different roles in a sentence.

In this case, we translate who as “who”. By asking such a question, we find out who did or did not do a certain action. For example: Who came?- this is the subject of the action, i.e. it is this pronoun that acts, it acts as the subject.

Whom is the object of action. In a sentence, this pronoun is an object.
Here's a simplified diagram:

Who = He / She
Whom = Him/Her

If you doubt the correctness and appropriateness of using who or whom, try mentally replacing them with these words. If he/she will be “on topic” in this sentence, then it’s worth putting who, and if in this case they clearly sound better him/her, then put whom .

By the way, you can also add an analogy here: I = who, me = whom. Therefore, if you have already read the previously mentioned article about, then it will be much easier for you to understand the differences between relative “who” and “whom”.

Let's back up the theory with practice. A few examples:

Alexa is the girl who got the job in New York = She got the job in New York
Alexa is the girl who got the job in New York = She got the job in New York.

To whom should I complain about the service? = You should complain to him.
Who should I complain to about the service? = You should complain to him.

It's important to note that whom- more formal and not as often used in spoken English. In everyday conversation, most English speakers are more likely to say: “who should I complain?”

And here is a comic on the topic . The same rules, but in English and in pictures. It will help you consolidate the material you have covered and better understand the theory learned in this lesson.