Vienna Classic School: Haydn. Franz Josef Gaidn: biography, creativity, interesting facts from life Message Josef Haydn

Name: Joseph Haydn (Franz Joseph Haydn)

Age: 77 years old

Place of Birth: Rohrau, Austria

Activity: Austrian composer

Family status: widower

Joseph Gaidn - biography

Childhood, family

A rustic boy was born in a family where he loved music. He mastered his father without help, the mother often sang and musitized. Franz early demonstrated excellent rumors and wonderful vocal abilities to his loving parents. His musical biography began from 5 years. At first it was a game for him, he just sang with his father, then the violin became his favorite musical instrument.

Becoming older, he sang in church church. From 6 years, the Father sent his talented son for training and care to his relative Frank, who was in one of the schools by the rector. The boy learned the grammar and mathematics aza, learned to play many tools. He was fascinated and string, and brass, he continued to master the violin and practiced in singing.

Beginning of success

A composer Reuters arrived from Vienna chose for chapel singers. The French was then 8 years old, his talent was noticed, and for a couple of years he went to the capital of Austria to sing and learn vocal skill in a major cathedral of the city. There for the first time Haydn began to compose his works. Soon Franz Josef was forced to independently earn on his existence.

He gave music lessons, sang in many churches and temples, played in ensembles using his skill to play different tools. Everything that managed to earn, he left the Nokolo Porpore composer for the lessons granted. Haydn was passionately engaged in music, already writing his most impaired plays. The novice composer wrote the opera "Chrome Dev", it was put in one of the theaters of Vienna. Then he created string quartet and symphony.

Music

Haydn at the very beginning of his career was dependent on his material condition, so he is forced to sign an agreement with Prince Estergazy for 30 years. The composer was supposed to work with a dropmaster at the princely yard. In winter, Gaidn lived in the capital, the remaining months, and then 6 years old completely, in the country estate of the prince.

The prince was picky, because Haydn composed what was ordered, the number of musicians in the court orchestra was limited. The main beloved genre for the composer for many years was the symphony, it first creates symphonies for children. Haydn receives orders from Paris, Spain and creates excellent symphones that began to be published in many cities of England and France.

friendship

Haydn made friends with. Their friendship did not know envy, they studied each other. Just by this time, the contract finished his action, Franz got freedom, went to Vienna and almost immediately accepts an invitation from London. There was a big music order, working with orchestra, concert speeches. The composer works with forty musicians. One and a half years of work made his biography very successful.

During this period, Haydn was able to create 280 plays, operas, symphony and other works. He was assigned the title of Doctor of Music in Oxford University. The name of the composer is mentioned in one row with the Johann Sebastian Bach, Georg Friedrich Ghendel.

Josef Haydn - Biography of Personal Life

Gaidn could improve his financial well-being, which made it a profitable party. At the age of 28, he fell in love with one of the daughters of the hairdresser, who also served as the composer, at the court. The girl decided to go to the monastery. Joseph made a senior sister's senior sister. Maria Keller was older than Franz for four years. In this union, Haydn did not know happiness. Mary was a bad wife for the composer, she sat down the scandals, spent money, did not share what was the whole life of Josef.

They did not have children, but their married couple lived forty years. Haidna was born symphonies, only the composer operas was delivered by ninety pieces. Yet Franz knew real love, having met in Italy, Lyuju Polecli's young singer. Strong feelings experienced only a man, the woman was mercenary, arrogant and did not answer him as the same ferventment. When the composer's wife died, he continued to relationship with his mistress, but she didn't want to officially make a relationship with her. Although mentioned the singer in the testament.

Last years of composero

The last ten years of their life, Haydn creates a play for choral execution, now he has appeared Mass and Osra. On the day of the colors of the composer in 1809 in the capital of Austria there were army troops

The whole challenging world of classical music, which is impossible to embrace in one glance, is customary to divide on era or styles (this applies to all classical art, but today we are talking about music). One of the central stages of the development of music is the era of musical classicism. This era gave world music of the three name, which, probably, anyone, at least a little heard about classical music, will be able to name: Josef Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig Van Beethoven. Since the life of these three composers was somehow connected with the Vienna of the XVIII century, the style of their music, as well as the very brilliant constellation of their names received the name of Vienna classicism. These composers themselves are called Viennese Classics.

"Papasha Haydn" - whose dad?

The most eldest of the three composers, which means, the founder of the style of their music, is Franz Josef Haydn, whose biography you will read in this article (1732-1809) - "Papasha Gaidn" (they say, so called Joseph himself the great Mozart, who, by the way , Introduced for several tens of years).

Anyone would be important! And dad hajidn? Not at all. It rises a little light and - it works, writes its music. And it is dressed as if he is not a famous composer, but an imperceptible musician. And in food is simple, and in a conversation. He took convened all boys from the street and allowed them to eat wonderful apples in their garden. It is immediately clear that his father was poor and that there were many children in the family - seventeen! If it were not for the case, maybe Haidn, like a father, would make Kareti Master.

Early childhood

Little, lost in the lower Austria village of Roru, a huge family, at the head of which is the usual worker, a kasternyt, who is not posing a sound, and carts and wheels at all. But the sound of the father of Josef also owned well. In the poor, but the village residents of Gaidnov often gathered rustic residents. They sang and danced. Austria is generally very musical, but perhaps the main object of their interest was the owner of the house. Not knowing noble diplomas, he nevertheless sang well and accompanied himself on the harp, picking up an accompaniment for hearing.

First successes

On a small yosef, all other children affected the musical abilities of the Father. Already at the age of five, he stand out among the peers with a beautiful, ringing voice and an excellent feeling of rhythm. With such musical data, he was simply written in the family not to grow in their native family.

At that time, church choirs were keenly needed high voices - female voices: soprano, alta. Women, according to a device of a patriarchal society, did not sing in the choir, so their voices, so necessary for complete and harmonious sound, were replaced by the voices of completely young boys. Before the start of the mutation (that is, the restructuring of the voice, which is part of the changes in the body during transitional age) boys with good musical data could well replace women in the choir.

That's very little Joseph took the Chinburg church church - a small town on the banks of the Danube. For his parents, it certainly became a huge relief - at such an early age (Josef was about seven) none of their family has not exceeded self-sufficiency.

The town of Heinburg played an important role in the fate of Josef - here he began to professionally learn music. And soon, the Hainburg Church visited Georg Royter - a major musician from Vienna. He trampled the country all with the same purpose - to find capable, hollow boys for singing in the choir of the Cathedral of St. Stephen. It is unlikely that something says this name, and for Haidna it was a great honor. Saint Stephen's Cathedral! Austria symbol, Vienna symbol! Hasive, with gulco-responding vaults sample of gothic architecture. But he had to pay for singing in such a place. Long solemn services and court festivities, which also needed a chorus, took a huge part of his free time. But it was necessary to learn at school with the cathedral! It was necessary to do this. The head of the choir, the same Georg Roiter, was not very interested in what happened in the minds and hearts of his wards, and did not notice that one of them makes his first, maybe awkward, but independent steps in the world of writing music. The creativity of Josef Hayid then also wore the seal of dilent attachment and the very first samples. Conservatory for Hydna replaced the choir. It was often necessary to learn the brilliant samples of choral music of the preceding era, and Joseph did simulated conclusions for himself for himself on the receptions that the composers used, removed from the music text the knowledge and skills.

The boy had to fulfill and completely unrelated to music, for example, to serve as a court table, bring dishes. But it turned out to be beneficial for the development of the future composer! The fact is that Velmazby, at the courtyard, drose no other than high symphonic music. And a small lacquer, who did not notice important venoms, feeding dishes, made it necessary to him the conclusions about the structure of the musical form or the most colorful harmonies. Of course, the fact of his musical self-education itself belongs to interesting facts from the life of Josef Haidna.

The situation in the school was harsh: the boys petrocked and strictly punished. Further prospects were not foreseen: as soon as the voice began to break and was no longer a high and doubling, his owner ruthlessly missed the street.

Minor start of independent life

The same fate has suffered and Haidna. He was already 18 years old. For a few days, having troubled the streets of Vienna, he met an old school comrade, and he helped him find an apartment, more precisely - a small room under the attic. Vienna is no wonder called the musical capital of the world. Even then, not yet glorified by the names of Viennese Classics, she was the musical city of Europe: the songs were swam the melodies of songs and dances, and in the room under the roof, in which Haydn settled, it turned out to be a real treasure - an old, broken keycorder (musical instrument, one of Piano predecessors). To play a lot on it, however, did not have. Most of the time took the search for work. In Vienna, it is possible to get only a few private lessons, the income from which is hardly allowed to satisfy the necessary needs. Desperate to find a job in Vienna, Gaidn is launched in travels on the nearby cities and villages.

Nikco Porpor.

This time - Youth Haydna is overshadowed by acute need and permanent job search. Until 1761, he managed to find work only for a while. Describing this period of his life, it should be noted the work of the concertmaster at the Italian composer, as well as vocalist and teacher Niccolo Rodora. Haydn settled on it specifically to rush the theory of music. It turned out to be rushing during the fulfillment of the duties of Lacey: Gaidna had not only accompanied.

Count Morzin

Since 1759, for two years, Haydn lives and works in the Czech Republic, in the estate of Count Morzin, who had an orchestral chapel. Haydn - Kappelmester, that is, the manager of this chapel. Here, he writes music in large quantities, music, of course, is very good, but it is precisely such that the count requires from him. It is worth noting that most of the music of Hydena are written precisely when performing official duties.

Under the start of Prince Esterhazi

In 1761, Haydn moves to the service in the chapel of the Hungarian Prince Esterhazi. Remember this surname: Senior Esterhazi will die, the estate will go to the department of his son, and Haydn will still serve. He will serve the dropleter at Esterhazy thirty years.

Then Austria was a huge feudal state. Hungary and Czech Republic were included in its composition. Feudals - Velmazby, Princes, Graphs - considered a good tone to have orchestral and choral chapels. You probably heard anything about fortress orchestras in Russia, but maybe do not know that in Europe the case was also not the best. The musician is even the most darling, even the head of the chapel - was in the position of the servant. At the time when Haydn was just beginning to serve the Esterhazi, in another Austrian city, Salzburg, smasted a small Mozart, who was still to be in service at the graph, dine in human, while sitting above the Laces, but below the chefs.

Haydna had to perform many large and small duties - from writing music for holidays and celebrations and worrying her with choir and chapel orchestra to discipline in the chapel, features of the costume and the safety of notes and musical instruments.

Esterhazi estate was located in the Hungarian town of Eisenstadt. After the death of Senior Esterhazi, his son was headed by the estate. Prone to luxury and celebrations, he built a country residence - Esterhaz. Guests were often invited to the palace, and guests were often invited, and Music should have come to guests. Prince Esterhazi traveled to the country palace for all summer months and exported all his musicians there.

Musician or servant?

The long period of service in the estate of Esterhazi became the time of birth of many new Haidn works. By order of his owner, he writes large works in different genres. Operas and quartets, and sonates, and other writings come from under his pen. But especially loves Josef Haydn Symphony. This is a large, usually four-part work for a symphony orchestra. It is under the pen of Haydna a classic symphony appears, that is, such a sample of this genre, which will later be relying the other composers. For his life, Haydn wrote about a hundred and four symphony (accurate digit unknown). And, of course, their most was created by the dropletaster of Prince Esterhazi.

Over time, the position of Gaidna reached the paradox (unfortunately, the same will happen to Mozart): he knows his music, they are talking about it in different European countries, and he cannot even go somewhere without the permission of his owner. The humiliation, which is experiencing Haydn from such a relationship to Him Prince, sometimes slippers in letters to friends: "CapelMeister me or a capperner?" (Kapsepader - servant).

"Fareweigh" Symphony Josef Haidna

It is rarely possible to escape the composer from the circle of official duties, to visit Vienna, to see friends. By the way, for a while, fate brings him with Mozart. Haydn was one of those who unconditionally recognized not only the phenomenal virtuosity of Mozart, but it was his deep talent that allowed Wolfgang to look into the future.

However, these ever were rare. So much more often Hydna and Capella musicians had to linger in Esterhaze. The prince sometimes and at the beginning of the autumn did not want to let the chapel in the city. In the biography of Josef Haidna to interesting facts, undoubtedly, the history of the creation of its 45th, so-called farewell symphony. Prince once again long ago detaining musicians in the summer residence. Hodged has long ago, the musicians have not seen the members of their families for a long time, and the swamps surrounding Esterhaz did not contribute strong health. The musicians appealed to their drop-mouser with a request to ask the prince about them. It is unlikely that the direct request would have helped, so Gaidn writes a symphony that performs with candles. Symphony consists not of four, but out of five parts, and during the last musicians get up alternately, put the tools and go out of the hall. Thus, Haydn reminded the prince that it was time to take a chapel into the city. The legend states that the prince realized the hint, and the summer holiday was finally ended.

Last years of life. London

The life of the composer Josef Haidna developed like a trail in the mountains. Lifting hard, but on the end - the top! The culmination and his creativity, and his glory fell at the very end of life. Wydena's works reached the final maturity in the 80s. XVIII century. Six so-called Parisian symphonies are classified to samples of the 80s style.

The difficult life of the composer was marked by a triumphant completion. In 1791, the prince of Esterhazi dies, and his heir dismisses the chapel. Haydn - the composer already known throughout Europe - becomes an honorary citizen of Vienna. He gets a house in this city and a lifetime pension. The last years of Haidna's life is very radiant. He visits London twice - as a result of these trips, twelve London symphonies appeared - his last works in this genre. In London, he meets the work of Handel and under the impression of this acquaintance for the first time tries himself in the genre of the oratorio - the beloved genre of Handel. On the slope of the years, Haydn creates two orators, known so far: "Seasons" and "Creation of the World". Josef Haydn music writes to death.

Conclusion

We reviewed the main stages of the life of the Father of the Classic Style in the music. Optimism, the celebration of good over evil, reason - over chaos and lights - above the darkness, these are characteristic features of the musical works of Josef Haidna.

One of the greatest composers of all time is Franz Josef Haydn. Brilliant musician of Austrian origin. A person who created the foundations of a classic music school, as well as the orchestral and instrumental standard, which we observe and in our time. In addition to these merits, Franz Joseph represented a Vienna classical school. Among the musicologists there is an opinion that the musical genres of symphony and quartet - for the first time they were composed by Josef Haydn. A talented composer lived in a very interesting and rich event events. You will learn about this and many other things on this page.

Franz Josef Haydn. Film.

short biography

On March 31, 1732, the little Josef was born in the Fair commune of RORUA (Lower Austria). His father was a wizard master, and his mother worked for a servant in the kitchen. Thanks to the father who loved to sing, the future composer became interested in music. Absolute rumor and excellent rhythm feeling were given to a little Josef from nature. These musical abilities allowed a talented boy to sing in the church choir of Geyenburg. Later, Franz Joseph will be accepted into a Vienna choir chapel at the Catholic Cathedral of St. Stephen.
At the age of sixteen, Joseph lost his job - a place in the choir. This happened just during the voices mutation. Now he has no earnings for existence. From the hopelessness of the young man takes for any job. Italian maestro vocal and composer Nicola Rodora took the Junc to him, but Joseph found the benefit for himself and in this work. The boy deepens into the musical science and begins to take lessons from the teacher.
Rodorah could neither see that Joseph has genuine feelings for music, and on this basis, the famous composer decides to offer an interesting work to the young man - to become his personal companion-valet. In this position, Haydn was almost ten years old. I paid the maestro for the work mostly not money, he was free with the young gift to the theory of music and harmony. So the talented young man learned a lot of important musical bases in different directions. Over time, Haidna is slowly begin to disappear material problems, and its initial composer works are successfully accepted by the public. At this time, the young composer writes the first symphony.
Despite the fact that in those days it was already considered "late", Gaidn only in 28 years old decides to create a family with Anna Maria Keller. And this marriage was unsuccessful. According to the spouse, Josef had an obscene profession for a man. For two tens of life, the couple did not appear, which also influenced the unsuccessful family history. But the unpredictable life of Franz Josef's unpredictable life with the young and charming opera singer Luigiia Paulzelli, which during their acquaintance was only 19 years old. But the passion quite quickly faded. Haydn is looking for a patronage among the rich and influential people. At the beginning of the 1760s, the composer gets a job - the second dropmester in the Palace of the influential family of Esterhazi. For 30 years, Haidn works at the court of this notable dynasty. During this time, they were an example of a huge amount of symphony - 104.
Gaidna's close friends had a little, but one of them was Amadeus Mozart. Composers acquainted in 1781. After 11 years, Joseph also acquainted with young Ludwig van Beethoven, whom Haidn makes his student. The service at the Palace ends with the death of the patron - Josef loses the position. But the name of Franz Josef Haydn - already thundered not only in Austria, but also in many other countries such as: Russia, England, France. During his stay in London, the composer earned almost so many in one year, as for 20 years as a dropleyster of the Esterhazi family, their former

Russian Quartet OP.33.

Interesting Facts:

It is believed that the birthday of Josef Haidna on March 31. But, in his testimony, another date was indicated - April 1. If you believe the composer's diaries, then such a slight change was made in order not to celebrate its holiday in the "Day of Fool".
Little Josef was so talented that already at 6 years old knew how to play drums! When the drummer died suddenly, who was to participate in the procession about the Great Week, then to replace him asked Haidna. Because The future composer was low, due to the peculiarities of the age, then in front of him was hunchback, whose drum was tied on his back, and Joseph could safely play on the instrument. Rarity drum still exists to this day. He is in the Heinburg Church.

It is known that Haidna with Mozart had a very strong friendship. Mozart strongly respected and read his friend. And if Haydn criticized the work of Amadeu or gave any tips, Mozart always listened, the opinion of Josef for a young composer was always in the first place. Despite the peculiar temperatures and the difference in age, the friends had no quarrels and disagreements.

Symphony number 94. "Surprise"

1. ADAGIO - VIVACE ASSAI

2. Andante.

3. Menuetto: Allegro Molto

4. FINALE: ALLEGRO MOLTO

Haidna has a symphony with strikes Litavr or is also called "surprise". Interesting the history of creating this symphony. Joseph and Orchestra periodically toured in London, and once he noticed how some viewers fall asleep or already looking at beautiful dreams. Haydn suggested that it happens because the British intelligentsia was not used to listening to classical music and does not have special feelings for art, but the British people are traditions, so they necessarily visited concerts. The composer, the soul of the company and Messenchak decided to enter tricky. Thille thinking, he wrote a special symphony for the English public. The work began with quiet, smooth, practically accustomed melodic sounds. Suddenly, a drum blow and thunder Litavr was heard during the sound. Such a surprise was repeated in the work more than once. So, Londoners no longer covered in concert halls, where he conducted Haydn.

Symphony №44. "Trauer".

1. Allegro CON BRIO

2. MENUETTO - ALLEGRETTO

3. Adagio. 15:10

4. Presto. 22:38

Concerto for piano with orchestra, re major.

The last product of the composer is considered the oratorio "Seasons". He composes her with great difficulty, he prevented his headache and sleep problems.

The Great Composer dies on the 78th year of life (May 31, 1809) Josef Haydn held the last days in his house in Vienna. Later it was decided to transport the remains in Eisenstadt.

Franz Josef Haydn is one of the most vivid arts of the Eraphy of Enlightenment. The Great Austrian composer, he left a huge creative heritage - about 1000 works in various genres. The main one, the most familiarity of this heritage, which determined the historical place of Haydna in the development of world culture, make up large cyclic works. These are 104 symphonies, 83 quartets, 52klavyrusonates, thanks to which Haydn won the fame of the founder of classical Simphonism.

Gaidna's art is deeply democratic. The basis of his musical style was folk creativity and music of everyday life. He with amazing sensitivity perceived folk melodies of various origin, the nature of peasant dances, a special flavor of the sound of folk instruments, some French song that became popular in Austria. Music Haidna is imbued not only by rhythms and intonations of folklore, but also by the folk humor, inexhaustible optimism of illuminated energy. "In the halls of the palaces, where his symphonies usually sounded, fresh jets of folk melodies, a folk joke, something from popular life ideas" ( T. Livanova,352 ).

The art of Haydna is relatively in its style, but the circle of his images and concepts has its own characteristics. High tragedy, antique plots that inspired the glitch - not his area. He is closer to the world of more ordinary images and feelings. The sublime began at all is not alien to Haydn, only he finds him not in the sphere of the tragedy. Serious meditation, poetic perception of life, the beauty of nature - all this becomes sublime from Haidna. A harmonious and clear look at the world dominates in his music, and in a worldship. It has always been sociable, objective and friendly. Sources of joy he found everywhere - in the life of the peasants, in his writings, in communicating with close people (for example, with Mozart, friendship with which, based on inner relationship and mutual respect, had a beneficial effect on the creative development of both composers).

The creative path of Haydna continued for about fifty years, covering all the stages of development of the Vienna Classical School - from its origin in the 60s of the XVIII century and up to the heyday of the creativity of Beethoven.

Childhood

The character of the composer was formed in the work atmosphere of peasant life: he was born on March 31, 1732 in the village of Roru (Lower Austria) in the Karet Master family, his mother was a simple cook. From childhood, Haydn could hear the music of different nationalities, since the Hungarians and Croats, and Czechs were among the local population. The family was musical: the father loved to sing, accompanying his hearing on the harp.

Having paid attention to the rare musical abilities of his son, Father Haydna sends him to the neighboring town of Heinburg to his relative (Franca), who served there by the school rector and the regent of the choir. Later, the future composer recalled that he received a franc "more tumakov than food"; Nevertheless, from 5 years of age, he learns the game on wind and string instruments, as well as on Clavesis, and sings in church choir.

The next stage of Life Gaidna is connected with the musical chapel when cathedral of St. Stephen in Vienna. The head of the chapel (Georg Roiter) from time to time I traveled around the country for a set of new singers. Listening to the choir in which he sang a little Haydn, he immediately appreciated the beauty of his voice and a rare musical talent. Having received an invitation to become a chorist in the cathedral, 8-year-old Haydn first got in touch with the richest artistic culture of the Austrian capital. Already then it was a city, literally filled with music. The Italian opera has flourished here, the Academies of famous virtuosos were held, at the imperial courtyard and houses of large nobles there were large instrumental and choral chapels. But the main musical wealth of Vienna is a variety of folklore (the most important prerequisite for the formation of a classical school).

Permanent participation in the performance of music is not only church, but also opera - most developed Haidna. In addition, the Royter Capello was often invited to the Imperial Palace, where the future composer could hear instrumental music. Unfortunately, only the boy's voice was appreciated in Chapel, charging him the fulfillment of solo parties; The composer inclinations, awaken in childhood, remained unnoticed. When the voice began to break, Gaidna fired from Capella.

1749-1759 - the first years of independent life in Vienna

This 10th anniversary was the most difficult in the entire biography of Haidna, especially at first. Without a roof over his head, without a penny in his pocket, he extremely disagreened, running out without a permanent refuge and interrupting random earnings (occasionally managed to find private lessons or play a violin in a wandering ensemble). But at the same time it was both happy years, full hopes and faith in their composer calling. Having bought several books on the theory of music from Bukinist, Haydn is independently engaged in counterpoint, getting acquainted with the works of the largest German theorists, studies keyboarding Sonatas Philip Emmanuel Baha. Contrary to the turns of fate, he retained both the openness of character, and a sense of humor, never changed him.

Among the earliest compositions of the 19-year-old Gaidna - Zingcpil "Chrome Dev", written on the suggestion of the famous Vienna Comic of Kurta (lost). Over time, his knowledge in the composition of the composition was enriched by communicating with Niccolo, the famous Italian opera composer and vocal teacher: Gaidn served as an accompania from him.

A gradually, a young musician becomes fame in veins musical circles. From the mid-1750s, it is often invited to participate in home music in the house of a rich Vienna official (by the name Fürnberg). For these home concerts, Haydn wrote his first string trio and quartets (only 18).

In 1759, on the recommendation of Fürnberg, Haydn received the first permanent position - the place of the Kappelmeister in the home orchestral of the Czech aristocrat, Count Morzin. For this orchestra was written first Gaidnov Symphony - D-DUR in three parts. It was the beginning of the formation of the Vienna classic Simphonism. Two years later, Morzin dissolved a chapel due to material difficulties, and Gaidn concluded a contract with the richest Hungarian magnate, a passionate fan of music - Paul Anton Estergazi.

Period of creative maturity

In the service of the princes of Estergazi Gaidn worked for 30 years: first - Vice-Kapellasister (assistant), and 5 years later, Ober-Dropster. Its responsibilities included not only the writing of music. Haydn was to carry out rehearsals, follow the order in the chapel, to respond to the safety of notes and tools, etc. All works of Gaidna were the property of Estergazi; The composer did not have the right to write music on the order of other persons, could not leave the Prince's own free. However, the ability to dispose of an excellent orchestra who fulfilled all its works, as well as the relative material and household security bowed to hayidnaping the proposal of Estergazi.

Living in the estates of Estergazy (Eisenstadt and Estergase), and only at times driving in Vienna, in contact with the wide musical world, he began during this service the greatest master of the European scale. For Chapels and Home Theater Esterhazi, most (in the 1760s ~ 40, in the 70s 30, in the 80s ~ 18), quartets and operas are written.

The musical life in the residence of Estergazi was in its own way open. At concerts, opera performances, solemn receptions accompanied by music, there were noble guests, including foreigners. Gaidna's gradually fame went beyond Austria. His works are successfully performed in the largest musical capitals. So, in the mid-1780s, the French audience met six symphony, which received the name "Parisian" (№№ 82-87, they were created specifically for the Paris "Concerts of the Olympic Lodge").

Late period of creativity.

In 1790, the prince of Miklash Estergazi died, having testified a lifelong pension hayidn. His heir dismissed the chapel, while maintaining the guidance of the droppers. Fully freed from service, the composer was able to fulfill a long-standing dream - to go beyond the limits of Austria. In 1790 he committed 2 touring trips to London At the invitation of the organizer of "subscription concerts", Skripolya I. P. Salon (1791-92, 1794-95). Written on this occasion completed the development of this genre in the work of Gaidna, approved the maturity of the Vienna classical Simphonism (somewhat earlier, in the late 1780s., 3 last Mozart Symphones appeared). The English audience with enthusiasm perceived Hayid's music. In Oxford, he was awarded the degree of honorary doctor of music.

Last During Hayde, the owner of Estergazi Prince Miklosh II turned out to be a passionate lover of art. The composer again called for the service, though his activity was now modest. Living in his own home in the suburb of Vienna, he composed for Estergaz mainly Mass ("Nelson", "Teresia", etc.).

Under the impression of the heard heard in London, Handel Gaidn wrote 2 secular oracresis - "Creation of the world" (1798) and (1801). These monumental, epico-philosophical works that approve the classic ideals of beauty and harmony of life, the unity of man and nature, adequately crowned the creative path of the composer.

Haydn left his life in the midst of Napoleonic trips, when the French troops have already taken the capital of Austria. During the siege of Vienna, Hydn consoled his loved ones: "Do not be afraid, children, where Hydn cannot happen to happen bad".

In the choir already sang his younger brother Mikhael (later also became a famous composer who worked in Salzburg), who possessed the same beautiful coat.

Total 24 operas in different genres, among which the most organic for Hydna was a genre buffa.. The public has enjoyed great success, for example, the opera "Relegated loyalty".

"Father" Symphony Josef Haydn

This composer was worked with the hope that his works would help people become at least a little happier and would serve them by a source of vigor and inspiration. With such thoughts, he searched to his beloved lesson. He became the "father" of symphonies, the discoverer of other musical genres, he first wrote secular speakers in German, and his Mesa became the top of the Vienna Classical School.

Son of a carriage master

Many honored ranks were awarded, became a member of music academies and societies, and the glory came to him was deserved. No one could assume that the son of a carriage master from Austria would achieve such honors. Born in 1732 in the small Austrian village of Roru. His father had no musical education, but independently mastered the game on the harp, not indifferent music was the mother of the future composer. From early childhood, parents discovered good vocal data and rumors from Joseph. Already at the age of five, he knew his father's belligently, and then learned to play the violin and the key and came to the church choir to execute Mass.

A far-sighted father sent young Joseph to the neighboring town to a relative Johann Matyas Frank - the Rector of the School. He taught children not only grammar and mathematics, but also gave them the lessons of singing and playing the violin. In the same place, Haydn mastered the string and wind instruments and learned to play the piludes, while retaining his gratitude to his teacher.

Hardworking, persistence and a natural beautiful Discount made a young Joseph famous in the city. Once there came the Vienna composer Georg von Reuters to take away juvenile singers for his chapel. I was impressed and at 8 years old got into the chorus of the largest Vienna Cathedral. Eight years, young Haydn fasted the skill of singing, the subtleties of the composition and even tried to compose spiritual works for several votes.

Heavy bread

The most difficult period for Gaidna began in 1749, when he had to make a living lessons, sing in various church choirs, accompany singers and play in ensembles. At the same time, the young man never slept and did not lose his thrust to comprehend the entire new one. He took lessons from the composer Nikolo Porpore, and paid him that he himself accompanied his young students. Haydn studied books on the composition and disassembled keychains, to deep at night, he was diligently composed of music from different genres. And in 1951, Zingspil Hayidn called "Chrome Deu" was set in one of the suburban Viennese theaters. In 1755, he had the first string quartet, and after four years - the first symphony. These genres in the future will be the most important composer throughout the work.

Strange Union Josef Haidna

The fame acquired in Vienna helped a young musician to get a job at Count Morzin. It was for his chapel that the first five symphonies wrote. By the way, for incomplete two years of work in Morzin, the composer managed to tie himself to the wedding bonds. 28-year-old Joseph fell gentle feelings for the youngest daughter of the court hairdresser, and she unexpectedly went to the monastery. Then Gaidn either in retaliation, whether from some other considerations married her sister Mary Keller, who was older than Joseph for 4 years. Their family union was not happy. The composer's wife was grumpy and wasteful, she did not appreciate the talent of her husband, folded his manuscript in the papillos or used them instead of baking paper. But, to surprise, their family life in the absence of love, desired children and home coats lasted about 40 years.

In the service of Prince

The turnover in the creative life of Josef Haidna was 1761, when he signed a working contract with Prince Paul Estergazi. For a long 30 years, the composer served as a court chapel of the aristocratic family. Prince with relatives lived in Vienna only in winter, and the rest of the time led in his residence in the town of Eisenstadt or in the estate in Estergazi. Therefore, Joseph had to leave the capital for 6 years. When Prince Paul died, his brother Nicaus was expanded to 16 people. Two theater worked in the generic estate: one was intended for the execution of the opera and drama, and the second - for puppet representations.

Of course, the position of Hydena was highly dependent, but for that time it was considered completely natural. The composer appreciated his now a peaceful life and always remembered the youthful years. Sometimes he covered Handra and the desire to throw off these ways. According to the contract, it was obliged to compose those works that the prince wishes. The composer did not have the right to show them to anyone, make copies or write for someone else. He had to be all the time with Estergazy. Because of this, Josef Hayidn never managed to visit the homeland of classical music in Italy.

But this life was the second side. Haydn did not experience material and domestic difficulties, so he could safely engage in creativity. The entire orchestra was in its complete disposal, thanks to which the composer had a great opportunity for experiments and fulfilling his writings almost at any time.

Late love

prince Estergazy Castle

Four decad devoted symphony. He wrote more than a hundred works in this genre. In the theater of Prince Estergazi, he put 90 operas. And in the Italian troupe of this theater, the composer found and late love. Young Neapolitan singer Luigzha Polcelli fascinated Haydna. Passionately in love, Josef achieved a contract with her, especially for her the vocal parties simplified, perfectly realizing her opportunities. But Luigzhzh did not bring him real happiness - she was too korestolubiv. Therefore, even after the death of his wife, Haidn was not married to her and even in the last version of the will reduced the first summary of the first time, noticing that there are more people in need.

Glory and male friendship

Finally the times have come when Glory Josef Haidna Released beyond the borders of his native Austria. By order of the concert society of Paris, he wrote six symphonies, then received orders from the capital of Spain. His works began to be published in Naples and London, and competing vague entrepreneurs Albion was invited to tour. The most awesome event was the performance of two Symphony Josef Haidna in New York.

At the same time, the life of the Great Composer was married to friendship with. It should be noted that their relationship has never been dyed by the slightest rivalry or envy. Mozart claimed that it was from Joseph for the first time he learned how to create string quartets, so he dedicated to "Pape Hyidn" several works. Josef himself considered Wolfgang Amadey's greatest of composers-contemporaries.

Obino-European Triumph

After 50 years, the usual way of life Josef Haidna changed dramatically. He got freedom, although he continued to be listed at the heirs of Prince Estergazi court dropleter. Chapel herself was dissolved by the descendants of the prince, and the composer went to Vienna. In 1791 he was invited to tour in England. The terms of the contract assumed the creation of six symphonies and their execution in London, as well as writing the opera and twenty other works. Haydna was provided with one of the best orchestras in which 40 musicians worked. A year and a half, conducted in London, steel for Joseph is triumphal. The second English tour passed with no less success and turned out to be the top of creativity. For two of these trips to England, the composer composed almost 280 works and became a doctor of the music of Oxford University - the oldest educational institution of England. The king even offered the composer to stay in London, but he refused and returned to his native Austria.

By that time, he was put on his homeland the first lifetime monument near the village of Rorau, and the evening was organized in the capital, at which new Hydena's symphonies and a piano concert performed by the maestro's student were organized. For the first time they met in Bonn, when Haydn was driving in London. At first, the classes were tense, but Wolfgang always treated the elderly composer with the greatest respect, and then dedicated to him the piano sonats.

In recent years, he became interested in choral music. He made this interest after visiting the Grand Festival in honor of George Friedrich Handel, organized in the Westminster Cathedral. Haydn then created several MESS, as well as the oratory "Seasons" and "Creation of the World". The fulfillment of the latter at the University of Vienna was marked the 76th anniversary of the composer.

Music protest

In early 1809, the state of maestro's health deteriorated, he became almost disabled. The last days of his life were restless. Vienna was captured by Napoleon's troops, near the house of Hydna fell the core of the projectile and the sick composer had to calm the servants. After the capitulation the city of Napoleon gave an order to put near the Haydna watch house so that no one was disturbing the dying. There is still a legend in Vienna that the Austrian anthem has played a weakened composer in a protest against French invaders almost every day.

Did not become Josef Haidna of the same year. A few years later, the descendants of Prince Estergazi decided to reburo the maestro in the Church of the city of Eisenstadt. When the coffin was opened, under the preserved wig, they did not find a skull. It turned out that Hydena's friends were secretly seized before burial. Until 1954, the skull was in the Museum of the Vienna Society of Music Lovers and only in the middle of the 20th century was connected to the remains.

FACTS

Musicians Chapels Prince Estergazi often stayed in separation with their families. Once they turned to Gaidna, so that he voiced the prince their desire to see relatives. Maestro came up with how to do it. Guests came to listen to his new symphony. On the web was lit candles and disclosed notes. After the first sounds, the horn played part of his party, folded the tool, put out the candle and left. One for others did all the musicians. Guests only overwhelmed out. The moment came when the latter sound, and went out all the lights. The prince realized the original Haydna hint and gave the opportunity to the musicians to relax from continuous service.

Most of the life suffered from polyps in the nose. Once his friend-surgeon proposed to remove them and save the composer from torment. He at first agreed, went to the operating room, saw several healthy hectares, who had to keep maestro, so frightened that he ran out of the room from the room and remaining with the polyps.

Updated: April 7, 2019 by the author: Elena