How many years since the birth of Dostoevsky. What did Dostoevsky wrote? Works of Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky - a brief overview

Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was born on October 30 (November 11) of 1821 in Moscow. It was the second of 7 children. Writer's father is a doctor (headquarters) of the Moscow Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor. In 1828 he received the title of hereditary nobleman. Mother - Maria Fedorovna Dostoevskaya (Nechaeva) died on February 27, 1837 aged 37 years.

1837 became an important date in the life of F. M. Dostoevsky. In 1837 his mother dies. This is the year of death A. S. Pushkin. In May 1837, Fedor Dostoevsky and his older brother Mikhail ride to Petersburg for entering the engineering school.

On January 16, 1838, F. M. Dostoevsky is enrolled in the engineering school. Around Dostoevsky in the school is formed a literary circle. In 1839, he receives news about the murder of Father serfs.

November 29, 1840 Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was produced in Unter-Officers. And already on August 5, 1841 was transferred to the field engineer-ensign. In August 1842, the enrollment of Dostoevsky to the engineering building during the Drawing Engineering Department.

October 19, 1844 followed the highest decree on the dismissal from the service of F. M. Dostoevsky on household reasons. During this period, he begins to actively engage in creativity. For the first time in the books of the journal Repertoire and Pantheon, the Roman Balzak "Eugene Grande" is printed in Dostoevsky. In 1844, he starts and in May 1845 finishes the novel "Poor People". In the fall of 1845, Fyodor Mikhailovich, together with Nekrasov and Grigorovich, constitute an anonymous program ad to Almanacu "Dust Cool". At the same time, the writer is acquainted with I. S. Turgenev, V. F. Odoevsky, V. A. Sologube.

In the winter of 1847, conflict occurs in the relations of Dostoevsky and Belinsky. In the spring of the same year, the writer begins to visit "Friday" Petrashevsky. In the newspaper "St. Petersburg Vedomosti" printed a cycle of Fakenov F. M. Dostoevsky under the general name "Petersburg chronicle".

In July 1847, the writer happens the first strong seizure of epilepsy. In the period from 1847 to 1849, Dostoevsky was written a number of works: the summer of 1847 the story "Hostess", in 1848 the story "Alien wife (street scene)", the story "the weak heart" and "the stories of the experienced person (from the notes of the unknown)". In 1849 in the January and February books of "domestic notes", the first two parts of the novel Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky "Net Oboshvanov" were published.

On April 29, 1849, the investigation of Petrashevtsev began. December 22, 1849 F.M. Dostoevsky, together with others, expected the fulfillment of the death sentence, but according to the resolution of Nicholas I, the execution was replaced by a 4-year-old carriage with the deprivation of "all the rights of the state" and the subsequent surrender to the soldiers. From 1850 to 1854, Dostoevsky, together with Durov, was serving a boat in the Omsk fortress.

In the spring of 1857, after the prosecutor's long trouble, the writer returned the hereditary nobility.

In June 1862, Dostoevsky went abroad for the first time. He visited England, Germany, Italy, France, Switzerland.

In winter, 1867 Stenographer A. G. Nestlikin becomes a wife F. M. Dostoevsky. From April 1867 to July 1871 Dostoevsky with his wife lives abroad. During this period, four children are born in their family: February 22, 1868 Daughter of Sophia was born, the sudden death of which (May of the same year) Dostoevsky was seriously worried, on September 14, 1869 Daughter's love was born, in Russia July 16, 1871 - Son Fedor, August 12, 1875 - Alexey's son who died at a three-year-old seven of epilepsy.

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky appeared on November 11, 1821 in Moscow. His father Mikhail Andreevich occurred from the kind of gentry of Dostoevsky coat of arms Radvan. He received a medical education and worked in the Borodino Infantry Regiment, the Moscow Military Hospital, as well as in the Mariinskaya Hospital for the poor. The mother of the future famous writer, Nechaeva Maria Fedorovna, was the daughter of the Moscow merchant.

Fedor's parents were not rich people, but they worked tirelessly to provide a family and give children a good education. Subsequently, Dostoevsky was repeatedly recognized that he was immensely grateful to the father and mother for excellent education and education, which was worth it difficult.

The boy learned to read the mother, she used the book "104 Sacred Stories of the Old and New Testament." In part, therefore, in the famous book of Dostoevsky "Brothers of the Karamazov", Zosima Character in one of the dialogues says that in childhood he learned to read this on this book.

The reading skills Young Fedor mastered on the Bible Book of Job, which was also reflected in his subsequent works: the writer used his reflections on this book when creating a famous novel "Teenager". Father also made his contribution to the education of the son, teaching his Latin.

In total, seven children were born in Dostoevsky's family. So, Fedor was the elder brother Mikhail, with whom he was especially close and elder sister. In addition, he had the younger brothers Andrei and Nikolai, as well as the younger sisters Vera and Alexander.

In his youth, Mikhail and Fedor taught N.I. Durshus, teacher Alexandrovsky and Catherine school. With its help, the older sons of Dostoevsky studied French, and the sons of the teacher, A.N. Drashusov and V.N. Drashus, taught boys in mathematics and literature, respectively. In the period from 1834 to 1837, Fedor and Mikhail continued their studies in the metropolitan guesthouse L.I. Cram, who was then a very prestigious educational institution.

In 1837, terrible happened: Maria Fedorovna Dostoevskaya died from Chakhotka. Fyodor at the time of the death of the mother was only 16 years old. Remaining without a wife, Dostoevsky-Sr. decided to send Fedor and Mikhail to St. Petersburg, to Pension K.F. Kostomarova. Father wanted the boys to subsequently entered the main engineering school. Interestingly, both older Sons of Dostoevsky at that time were fond of literature and wanted to devote their lives to her, but the father did not perceive their passion to seriously.

Moving the will of the Father The boys did not dare. Fedor Mikhailovich successfully passed training in the guest house, entered the school and graduated from him, but he devoted all his free time to reading. , Hoffman, Byron, Goethe, Schiller, Rasin, - He swallowed all these glorified authors, instead of enthusiastically comprehending the basics of engineering science.

In 1838, Dostoevsky, together with friends, even organized their own literary circle in the main engineering school, in addition to Fedor Mikhailovich, Grigorovich, Beketov, Vitkovsky, Berezhetsky, were entered. Already then the writer began to create his first works, but still did not decrease to finally stand on the path of the writer. Having completed training in 1843, he even received the post of engineer-companion in the St. Petersburg engineering team, but he climbed the service for long. In 1844, he decided to engage exclusively literature and resigned.

Start of a creative path

Although the family did not approve of the decisions of the young Fedor, he diligently began to bang over previously launched works and develop ideas of new ones. 1944 marked for a novice writer, the release of his first book - "poor people." The success of the work exceeded all the expectations of the author. Critics and writers highly appreciated the Roman Dostoevsky, raised in the topics book found a response in the hearts from many readers. Fyodor Mikhailovich took the so-called "Belinsky circle", he began to be called "New Gogol".

Success lasted long. At about a year later, Dostoevsky presented to the public the book "Double", but it turned out to be incomprehensible to most admirers of the talent of young genius. Delight and praise the writer were replaced by criticism, dissatisfaction, disappointment and sarcasm. Subsequently, the writers estimated the innovation of this work, it is not disliked on the novels of those years, but at the time of the release of the book it did not feel almost no one.

Soon Dostoevsky quarreled with and was expelled from the "Belinsky mug", and also quarreled with N.A. Nekrasov, editor of the "contemporary". However, publishing his works immediately agreed by the publication of "Public Notes" edited by Andrei Kraevsky.

Nevertheless, the phenomenal popularity that Fedor Mikhailovich brought his first publication was allowed him to make a number of interesting and useful dating in the literary circles of St. Petersburg. Many of his new acquaintances partly became prototypes of various characters of subsequent works of the author.

Arrest and Katorga

The fateful for the writer became acquaintance with M.V. Petrashevsky in 1846. Petrashevsky satisfied the so-called "Fridays", during which the abolition of serfdom, freedom of typography, progressive changes in the system of proceedings and other issues of this plan were discussed.

During meetings, somehow connected with Petrashevs, Dostoevsky met with a communist hurry. In 1848, in 1848 organized a secret society from 8 people (including his self and Fedor Mikhailovich), which was overlooking the coup in the country and for the creation of an illegal typography. At the meetings of the Society, Dostoevsky has repeatedly read "Letter of Belinsky Gogol", which was then forbidden.

In the same 1848, Roman Fyodor Mikhailovich "White Nights" was published, but, alas, he could not enjoy the deserved glory. The same connections with a radically tuned young people played against the writer, and on April 23, 1849 he was arrested, like many other Petrashevtsev. Dostoevsky denied his blame, but he was remembered by the "criminal" letter of Belinsky, on November 13, 1849 sentenced the writer to the death penalty. Before that, he languished in conclusion in the Petropavlovsk fortress for eight months.

Fortunately for Russian literature, a brutal sentence for Fedor Mikhailovich was not fulfilled. On November 19, the audience general considered him not corresponding to the fault of Dostoevsky, and therefore the death penalty was replaced by an eight-year-old cautor. And at the end of the same month, the emperor softened the punishment even more: the writer was referred to a catguard into Siberia for four years instead of eight. At the same time, he was deprived of noble rank and state, and at the end of the platforms, it was produced in ordinary soldiers.

Despite all the treasures and deprivation, which suggested a similar sentence, entering the soldiers meant the full return of Dostoevsky of his civil rights. It was the first similar case in Russia, since usually those people who sentenced to religious work, until the end of the life lost their civil rights, even if they survived after many years of imprisonment and returned to free lives. Emperor Nicholas I regretted the young writer and did not want to ruin his talent.

The years that Fedor Mikhailovich spent on Katorga, made an indelible impression on him. The writer was seriously experienced endless suffering and loneliness. In addition, he had a lot of time to establish normal communication with other prisoners: those for a long time did not take it because of the noble title.

In 1856, the new emperor gave the forgiveness to all Petrashevs, and in 1857 Dostoevsky was pardoned, that is, he received a full amnesty and was restored as a publication of his works. And if, in his youth Fedor Mikhailovich, who was not determined in his fate, trying to find the truth and build a system of life principles, then at the end of the 1850s he became a mature identity formed. Heavier years at the Katorga made a deeply religious person from him, which he remained until the very death.

Flowering creativity

In 1860, the writer published a two-volume assembly of his writings, in which the story "Village Stepanchikovo and its inhabitants" and "Uncle Sleep". It happened about the same story as with the "double" - although later works were given a very high assessment, the contemporaries they did not fall to taste. However, the publishing of "Notes from the Dead House" was helped to return the attention of the readers to the mature Dostoevsky, dedicated to the life of the convicts and written in mostly during the conclusion.

For many residents of the country that did not come across this horror on their own, the work became almost shocked. Many people were stunned by what the author told about, especially given the fact that earlier the theme of the cortician for Russian writers was something like a taboo. After that, Herzen began to call the Dostoevsky "Russian Dante".

Notable for the writer became 1861. This year, in collaboration with his elder brother Mikhail, he took up the publishing house of his own literary and political magazine called "Time". In 1863, the publication was closed, and instead of him, Dostoevsky brothers began to print another magazine - called the "Epoch".

These magazines, first, strengthened the positions of the brothers in the literary environment. And secondly, it was on their pages "humiliated and offended", "notes from the underground", "Notes from the Dead House", "Nice Anecdote" and many other works of Fyodor Mikhailovich. Mikhail Dostoevsky soon passed away: he left his life in 1864.

In the 1860s, the writer began to ride abroad, finding in new places and familiar inspiration for his new novels. Including, precisely at that time, Dostoevsky originated and the idea of \u200b\u200bthe work of the "Player" began to be implemented.

In 1865, the publication of the magazine "Epoch", whose subscribers were steadily reduced, had to be closed. Moreover: Even after the closure of the publication, the writer faced an impressive amount of debts. To somehow get out of the difficult financial situation, he concluded an extremely unprofitable agreement on the publication of a meeting of his works with the publisher Stelovsky, and soon after that he began to write his most famous novel "Crime and Punishment". The philosophical approach to social reasons was widely recognized among readers, and Roman glorified Dostoevsky while life.

The next great book Fedor Mikhailovich became "Idiot", published in 1868. The idea of \u200b\u200bportray an excellent person who is trying to make any other characters, but cannot overcome hostile forces and, as a result, suffers and itself, turned out to be easy for incarnation only in words. In fact, Dostoevsky called "Idiot" one of the most difficult to write a book, although Prince Myshkin and became his favorite character.

Having finished work on this novel, the author decided to write an epic called "Atheism" or "Life of the Great Sin". He could not realize his idea, however, some ideas collected for the epic formed the basis for the next three great books of Dostoevsky: the "demons" novel, written in 1871-1872, the works of "Teen", completed in 1875, and the novel "Brothers Karamazov ", work on which Dostoevsky finished in 1879-1880.

Interestingly, "demons" in which the writer initially assumed to express his disapproving attitude to representatives of revolutionary currents in Russia, gradually changed during the writing. Initially, the author was not going to make Stavrogina, who later became one of his most famous characters, the key hero of the novel. But his image was so powerful that Fyodor Mikhailovich decided to change the idea and add a real drama and tragedy to the political work.

If in "Besnes", among other things, the theme of fathers and children was quite widely revealed, then in the next novel - "Teenager" - the writer brought to the fore the question of the upbringing of a matured child.

A peculiar result of the creative path of Fyodor Mikhailovich, the literary analogue of summing up, the "brothers of the karmazov" became a literary analogue. Many episodes, plot lines, the characters of this work were partly based on the writer's previously written novels, starting with his first published novel "poor people."

Death

Dostoevsky died on January 28, 1881, the cause of death is chronic bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis and emphysema. The death of the writer on the sixtieth year of life.

To say goodbye to the writer crowds came crowds of admirers of his talent, but Fedor Mikhailovich's greatest fame, his timeless novels and wise quotes were still after the death of the author.

Personal life

The first wife of Dostoevsky became Maria Isaev, with whom he met shortly after returning from the cautious. In total, Fedor and Mary marriage launched about seven years, before the sustainable death of the writer's spouse in 1864.

During one of his first trips abroad at the beginning of the 1860s of Dostoevsky, the emancipated Apollinaria Suslov was fascinated. It was from her that Polina was written in the "player", the Naviya Filippovna in Idiot and a number of other female characters.

Although on the eve of the fourth-year anniversary behind the writer, there were at least a long-term relationship with Isaeva and Suslova, at that time his women had not yet presented him with such happiness as children. This disadvantage of the second wife of the writer - Anna Dnikkin. She became not only the faithful spouse, but also an excellent assistant to the writer: assumed the troubles on the publication of Dostoevsky's novels, rationally solved all financial issues, prepared his memories of the genius husband for the publication. Roman "Brothers Karamazov" Fyodor Mikhailovich dedicated to her.

Anna Grigorievna gave birth to a spouse of four children: daughters Sophia and love, sons of Fyodor and Alexey. Alas, Sophia, who had to become the first child of the married couple, died a few months after childbirth. Of all the children of Fyodor Mikhailovich, only Son Fedor became the successor of his writer.

Quotes Dostoevsky

• No one will make the first step, because everyone thinks that it is not mutual.
• Very little required to destroy a person: It is worth only to convince him that the case he is engaged in, no one needs.
• Freedom is not to keep yourself, but in order to own yourself.
• The writer whose works were not successful, easily becomes a bullive critic: so weak and tasteless wine can be excellent vinegar.
• Surprisingly, it can make one ray of the sun with a man's soul!
• The world will save beauty.
• A person who can hug is a good man.
• Do not litter your memory offended, otherwise there may simply do not stay place for wonderful moments.
• If you headed for the purpose and become an expensive stop to throw the stones in any doggy on you, you will never come to the goal.
• He is smart, but to be cleverly to do - one mind is not enough.
• Who wants to benefit, that even with knitted hands can make a lot of good.
• Life goes breathless without an aim.
• We must love life more than the meaning of life.
• Suffering your Russian people as if enjoying.
• Happiness is not in happiness, but only in its achievement.

Russian writer. Fyodor Mikhailovich, the second son in the family, was born on November 11 (according to the old style - October 30) 1821 in Moscow, in the building of the Mariinskaya hospital for the poor, where his father served in Stubbeat. In 1828, Dostoevsky's father received a hereditary nobility, in 1831 acquired the village of Cashier County of the Tula province, in 1833 - the neighboring village of Cherry. Dostoevsky's mother, nee Nechaeva, took place from the Moscow merchants. Seven children were brought up according to the traditions of antiquities in fear and obedience, rarely leaving the walls of the hospital building. The summer months the family spent in a small estate bought in the Kashirsky district of the Tula province in 1831. Children used almost complete freedom, because Time was performed usually without a father. Learn Fyodor Dostoevsky began pretty early: he taught him the alphabet, the French language - in half board N.I. Drashusov. In 1834 he entered Mikhail's brother to the famous Pension Chermak, where the brothers were particularly fond of literature lessons. At the age of 16, Dostoevsky lost his mother and was soon determined to one of the best educational institutions of that time - the St. Petersburg engineering school, where he acquired a reputation as the "non-disloise eccentric". Live accounted for cramped circumstances, because Dostoevsky was not accepted in the school on a government account.

In 1841, Dostoevsky was produced in officers. In 1843, at the end of the course of the St. Petersburg Military Engineering School, he was enrolled in the service at the St. Petersburg Engineering Team and sent to the Drawing Engineering Department. In the fall, 1844 will resign, deciding to live only by literary labor and "hellish work". The first attempt of independent creativity, which did not reach us the drama "Boris Godunov" and "Maria Stewart", refers to the beginning of the 40s. In 1846, in the Petersburg Collection, N.A. Nekrasova, published the first essay - the story "poor people." As one of the equal, Dostoevsky was adopted in the circle of V.G. Belinsky, who warmly welcomed the new writer as one of the future great artists of the Gogol school, but good relationships with a circle soon deteriorated, because The members of the circle did not know how to spare the painful vanity of Dostoevsky and often laughed at him. With Belinsky, he still continued to meet, but he was very offended by bad reviews about new works, called Belinsky "Nervical Chep". Before the arrest, on the night of April 23 (according to the old style) 1849, 10 leaders were written. Due to the involvement in the Petrashevsky case, Dostoevsky was concluded in Alekseevsky Retalin Petropavlovsk fortress, where he stayed 8 months. He was awarded to the death penalty, but the sovereign replaced it by Katoroga for 4 years, followed by definition in ordinary. On December 22 (according to the old style), Dostoevsky was brought to the Semenov Platz, where the announcement of the death penalty about the death penalty was done above him, and only in recent instant the convicts were convicted, as a special mercy, a real sentence. On the night of December 24-25 (according to old style), 1849 he was chained in the shackles and sent to Siberia. The term was departing in Omsk, in the "Dead House". At Katorga, Dostoevsky intensified the epileptic seizures, to which he was predisposed.

On February 15, 1854, at the end of the cauldron period, it was determined by ordinary in Siberian linear 7 battalion in Semipalatinsk, where he stayed to 1859 and where Baron A.E. was taken under his patronage. Wrangel. February 6, 1857, in Kuznetske, marries Maria Dmitrievna Isaeva, widow of the wardrift for the desired part, which she loved during his life of her first husband. Marriage increased the cash needs of Dostoevsky, because He cared for the entire subsequent life about the steyka, he more often appealed to Mikhail's help to friends and brother, gave way to cigarette fabric. On April 18, 1857 Dostoevsky was restored in previous rights and on August 15 received the rank of ensign (for other information in the ensign he was produced October 1, 1855). Soon he filed a resignation and was dismissed on March 18, 1859, with residence permit in Tver, but soon received permission to live in the capital. From 1861, together with Brother, Mikhail begins to publish the magazines "Time" (banned in 1863) and "Epoch" (1864 - 1865). In the summer of 1862, Paris, London, Geneva visits. Soon the magazine "Time" was closed for the innocent article by N. Insurance, but at the beginning of 64 began to go to the "epoch". On April 16, 1864, a wife has died, who has fallen with a stupid for more than 4 years, and on June 10, Brother Fyodor Dostoevsky unexpectedly died - Mikhail. The blow to the blow and the mass of debts finally upset the case, and at the beginning of the 1865 "Epoch" was closed. Dostoevsky has left 15,000 rubles and moral duty to keep the family of the late brother and the son of his wife from the first husband. In November 1865, he sold his copyright Stellovsky.

In the fall of 1866, Anna Grigorievna Nakkina was invited to stenk the "player", and on February 15, 1867 she became a wife of Dostoevsky. To get married and leave, he took a duty in Katkova, under the romance conceived by him ("Idiot"), 3000 p. But from these 3000 p. Hardly the third part moved to him abroad: after all, in St. Petersburg, the son of his first wife and his brother's widow with children remain in his care. Two months later, running away from creditors, they left abroad, where they stayed for more than 4 years (until July 1871). Going to Switzerland, he drove to Baden-Baden, where he lost everything: both money and his costume and even his wife's dresses. Almost a year lived in Geneva, sometimes needed by the very necessary. Here he had the first child who lived only 3 months. Dostoevsky lives in Vienna, in Milan. In 1869, in Dresden, a love daughter was born. The brightest period in life begins on returning to St. Petersburg when the money took into their hands the smart and energetic Anna Grigorievna. Here, in 1871, Son Fedor was born. From 1873, Dostoevsky becomes the editor of the "citizen" with a fee of 250 rubles per month, except for the fee for the articles, but in 1874 leaves a "citizen". 1877 - Corresponding Member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Recent years, the writer suffered emphysens. On the night of January 25-26 (by the old style), 1881 there was a breakdown of a pulmonary artery, and there was a seizure of his illness - epilepsy. Dostoevsky died on February 9 (according to the old style - January 28) 1881 at 8 pm 38 minutes in the evening. The funeral of the writer, held on January 31 (for other information - on February 2 to the old style) were a real event for St. Petersburg: 72 deputations participated in the funeral procession, and 67 wreaths were made to the Church of the Holy Spirit in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. He was buried in the necropolis of art masters of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. The monument was put in 1883 (Sculptor N. A. Lavretsky, Architect X. K. Vasilyev).

Among the works - Tale, Novels: "Poor People" (1846, Roman), "Double" (1846, Tale), "Prokharchin" (1846, Tale), "Weak Heart" (1848, Tale), "Alien Wife" ( 1848, Tale), "Roman in 9 letters" (1847, Tale), "Mistress" (1847, Tale), "Jealous Husband" (1848, Tale), "Honest Thief", (1848, the story came under the title "Stories of a crazy ")," Christmas tree and wedding "(1848, story)," White Nights "(1848, Tale)," Non-Nezvanov "(1849, Tale)," Uncle Sleep "(1859, Tale)," Stepanchino village and His inhabitants "(1859, Tale)," humiliated and offended "(1861, Roman)," Notes from the Dead House "(1861- 1862)," Winter notes on summer impressions "(1863)," Notes from the underground "(1864 ), "Crime and Punishment" (1866, Roman), "Idiot" (1868, Roman), "Demes" (1871 - 1872, Roman), "Teenager" (1875, Roman), "Writer's Diary" (1877) "Karamazov Brothers" (1879 - 1880, Roman), "Boy from Christ on the Christmas tree", "meek", "sleep of a funny person."

In the US, the first translation of Dostoevsky into English ("Notes from the Dead House") appeared in 1881 due to the publisher of the city of Holt (H. Holt), in 1886 the transfer of Roman "Crime and Punishment" was published in the United States. Attitude towards Dostoevsky in the United States was much more restrained than, for example, to I.S. Turgenev or L.N. Tolstoy, many prominent American writers did not understand and did not accept his work. In the United States, interest in it increased after the emergence of the 1912 - 1912 - 1920) in the English language (1912 - 1920), but the characteristic feature of the statements of many American writers, to which E. Sinclair and V.V. Nabokov left rejection. High rating of Dostoevsky's creativity gave Ernest Hemingway, William Falkner (William Faulkner), Eugene O'Neill, Arthur Miller (Arthur Miller), Robert Penn Warren (Robert Penn Warren), Mario Puzo (Mario Puzo).

Information sources:

• "Russian Biographical Dictionary" RULEX.RU
• Encyclopedic resource Rubricon.com (Big Soviet Encyclopedia, Encyclopedic Directory "St. Petersburg", Encyclopedia "Moscow", Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron, Encyclopedia of Russian-American Relations)
• Project "Russia congratulates!"

In life, this person is the greatest Russian writer. He was respected for novels, stories in the twentieth century, and today they read and honor in many corners of civilized Europe and other continents. Epic works are transferred to dozens of world languages, dozens of movies are put on them not only in the USSR, but also in Russia.

Biography of the Writer and Citizen

His great five-volume anthology ("Pentateuch") entered the top 100 works of all centuries and peoples. Although today they are called wrong, as the author conceived, but according to new concepts: Roman-Thriller; criminal novel; Roman-prophecy and so on. All works respond to questions that the life asks in two centuries after the death of Fedor Mikhailovich.

It is called the modern Baba Wange, because, like the Bulgarian Providian, predicted with its narratives that there may be absurd actions to lead to any consequences. Pointing to the coming social catastrophes from this.

Democratic and socialist ideas F. M. Dostoevsky He took over from his colleague writer and literary critic V. G. Belinsky and on the theorist of the European Social-Utopism Fourier. If he were a simple contemplator of his life and did not tolerate her literary and allegorically on the pages of books, then life would not have rooted. In editable magazines, it was not hidden for pseudonyms, expressed not only philosophical views, but also social, considered dangerous at a tsarism. Even F. Nietzsche considered Fedor Mikhailovich the only excellent psychologist who needs to learn.

Thus, Dostoevsky directly tried to eliminate the problems that arose in society, joining the so-called Petrashevs. Not once read the letter of Belinsky forbidden by the authorities to Gogol. For this unlawful act of Dostoevsky in 1849 sentenced to death penalty. It happened not in the courtroom, but significantly - on the fee. All Petrashevs read the same sentence. Before the focus, the anger was changed to mercy: they replaced the death of a four-year reference to where it was possible not to return, with the further service in the army by an ordinary soldier. Recall that he graduated from the 1843th St. Petersburg Military Engineering School.

On the Katorga In Omsk, Fyodor Mikhailovich prevented his origin of the nobleman, did not take him for his own, and this is important in a closed specific space. In Omsk, the previous disease was aggravated - epilepsy. Perhaps there he fell ill and consumed, and emphysema, because these diseases, in the end, and brought him to the grave when life was not bad. In 60 years.

Painting Fragments The writer reproduced in the "Notes from the Dead House" and in a religious diary, which secretly led in Lazarut.

Funeral writer

Question: Where is Dostoevsky and what cemetery is buried? - Not idle. About him just below.

After a stormy family quarrel about the estate of the writer, the throat went blood due to the rupture of the lung aorta. Funeral Fedor Mikhailovich were organized quickly. Mourning procession To the place of the last shelter of the Great Writer on February 1, 1881, the coffin was not installed on a mourning wagon. Panhida Tikhvin graveyard In St. Petersburg was long.

So that the admirers of creativity are not entangled in the cemetery alles, we will remind about the place where Dostoevsky is buried in St. Petersburg. From the northern part of the fence there are monuments of Mussorgsky, Borodin and Tchaikovsky.

The history of the Tikhvinsky cemetery was difficult at the beginning of the 20th century. The 1917 revolution touched him. Soon it was closed. Part of the monuments were destroyed. Now instead of it there is necropolis of artists.

Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (1821-1881) Born in Moscow in the family of nobles. In 1837 his mother died, and he was sent by the Father to St. Petersburg, where he entered the main engineering school. In 1842, Dostoevsky graduated from the school and was enrolled by the sub-operator engineer in the St. Petersburg engineering team, but at the beginning of the summer, 1844, deciding to devote himself to literature, resigned.
In 1845, Dostoevsky, as equal, is accepted in the Belinsky circle. In 1846, his first work "Poor people" is published, highly appreciated by other members of the circle. However, in the winter of 1847, the writer finally sorted up with Belinsky and began to visit the "Friday" Petrashevsky. At these meetings who were political, the problems of the liberation of peasants, the reforms of the court and censorship were addressed, the treatises of the French socialists were read. Soon after the publication of the "White Nights" in 1849, Dostoevsky was arrested in connection with the "Delo Petrashevsky". The court recognized him guilty. On December 22, a sentence of the death penalty was announced at Semenovsky Place Petrashevtsy, but at the last moment they were convicted of pardon, appointing punishment in the form of hard labor. On the way to Katorga in Tobolsk, a secret date of Dostoevsky and other prisoners with the wives of the Decembrists, who blessed everyone in a new path and everyone gave each gospel to everyone. This is the gospel, accompanied by a writer everywhere, played a decisive role in the spiritual coup, which occurred with him at Katorga.
The period of concluding and military service was swivel in the life of Dostoevsky: from the "seeker of the truth in man who has not yet defined in the life of the" seeker in the man ", he turned into a deeply religious person, the only ideal of which Christ became the only subsequent life. The goal of the writer's work was primarily a missionary, the preaching of Christianity among their unbelievers of contemporaries. During the reference in 1857, Dostoevsky was married to Maria Isaaya, a vyshva official A.I. Isaev. In December 1859, he, together with his family came to Petersburg and, together with Brother Mikhail, began to publish the magazines "Time", then "Epoch", combining editorial work with the author. In September 1860, the printing of "Notes from the Dead House" began, in early 1861 the novel "Juice and insult" is printed. On April 15, 1864, Dostoevsky's wife died from Chakhotka, and although they were not happy in marriage, he hardly survived his loss.
Due to the heavy financial situation, the writer was forced to stop the publication of the magazine "Epoch". In 1866, he wrote two novels at once - "Player" and "Crime and Punishment." In the same year, he married Anna Diekkina, who took her husband's publication of her husband. They had four children, two of whom were died in early childhood. In 1867-1868 Dostoevsky worked on the novel "Idiot".
The last 8 years, the writer lived in the city of Old Russa Novgorod province. These years of life were very fruitful: 1872 - "Demons", 1873 - the beginning of the "Diary of the Writer" (Series of Fakenov, Essays, Polemical Notes and Personal Publicistic Notes on the Evil of the Day), 1875 - "Teenager", 1876 - "Krotkaya", 1879 -1880 - "The Karamazov Brothers", the final novel of the writer, in which the artistic incarnation received many ideas of his creativity.
January 28, 1881 F.M. Dostoevsky died. A writer is buried in the Alexander Nevsky Laurel in St. Petersburg.