School encyclopedia. Anna Silivonchik. Warm and positive style "naive" The main features of the style

27.09.2011 22:00

In all more and more often there are announcements about the upcoming exhibitions of the artist of naive art. Today we will try to figure out what it is. naive art.

First, I dare to assume that all fine art originates from naive. After all, when there was no classical school, the laws of painting were not derived. There were plots and there were people who wanted to capture these moments on canvas or any other material. If you think about it, the first rock paintings of primitive man are also naive art.

Secondly, any artist, for the first time picking up pencils and brushes, begins to simply depict on the sheet what he sees around him. Not obeying the laws of logic and painting, the hand itself leads the line where it needs to. And so painting is born. This is then experience and knowledge come, but one way or another, everyone goes through this stage. But why then do some remain at this stage?

Let's try to turn to the definition and history of naive art. Naive art (from English naive art) is the style of creativity of amateur, not professionally educated artists. Often this concept is used as a synonym for primitivism, but in the latter it is more about a professional imitation of a non-professional one. Historical roots of naive art - originate in folk art.

But at present, many artists are working in this direction, who have received a very good art education. But they continue to write in a childish way, not difficult plots. At the same time, a "naive" artist differs from a "non-naive" one, just as a witch doctor differs from a doctor of medical sciences: both are specialists, each in his own way.

For the first time, naive art made itself felt in 1885, when paintings by Henri Rousseau, nicknamed the Customs Officer, as he was a customs officer by profession, were shown at the Salon of Independent Artists in Paris. Subsequently, at the beginning of the 20th century, the Morschans - first Alfred Jarry, then Guillaume Apollinaire, and soon Bernheim, Wilhelm Houdet, Ambroise Vollard and Paul Guillaume began to attract the public's attention not only to the works of Rousseau Customs Officer, but also to the works of other primitivists and self-taught. The first exhibition of naive art was held in 1937 in Paris - it was called "The People's Masters of Reality". Along with the works of Rousseau the Customs Officer, works of workers and artisans Louis Viven, Camille Bombuis, André Beauchamp, Dominique-Paul Peyronet, Seraphin Louis, nicknamed Seraphin of Senlis, Jean Eve, René Rambert, Adolphe Dietrich, and the son of Maurice Utrillo were exhibited here Valadon.

With all this, it should be noted that many avant-garde artists such as Pablo Picasso, Robert Delaunay, Kandinsky and Brancusi paid special attention to the art of children and the insane. Chagall showed interest in the work of self-taught, Malevich turned to Russian popular prints, naive took a special place in the work of Larionov and Goncharova. Largely thanks to the techniques and images of naive art, success accompanied the demonstrations of works by Kabakov, Bruskin, Komar and Melamid.

The creativity of naive artists as one of the layers of contemporary art requires a serious and thoughtful study, in which there can be no place for superficial and extreme judgments that are often found in everyday life. It is either idealized and exalted, or viewed with a tinge of disdain. And this is primarily due to the fact that in Russian (as in some others) the term "naive, primitive" has as one of the main evaluative (and precisely negative) meaning.

The fundamental difference between this direction of the fine arts from children is in deep sacredness, traditionalism and canonicity. The childish naivety and immediacy of the perception of the world seemed to be frozen forever in this art, its expressive forms and elements of the artistic language were filled with sacred-magical significance and cult symbolism, which has a fairly stable field of irrational meanings. In children's art, they are very mobile and do not carry a cult load. Naive art, as a rule, is optimistic in spirit, life-affirming, multifaceted and diverse, and most often has a fairly high aesthetic significance. In contrast to him, the art of the mentally ill, often close to it in form, is characterized by a painful obsession with the same motives, a pessimistic-depressive mood, and a low level of artistry. Works of naive art are extremely diverse in form and individual style, however, many of them are characterized by the absence of linear perspective (many primitivists strive to convey depth using figures of different scales, a special organization of forms and color masses), flatness, simplified rhythm and symmetry, active use of local colors , generalization of forms, emphasizing the functionality of the object due to certain deformations, increased importance of the contour, simplicity of techniques. Primitive artists of the 20th century, who are familiar with classical and contemporary professional art, often have interesting and original artistic solutions when trying to imitate certain techniques of professional art in the absence of appropriate technical knowledge and skills.

Nadezhda Podshivalova. Dancing under the first light in the village. 2006 year. Canvas. Fiberboard. Butter.

Representatives of naive art most often take their plots from the life around them, folklore, religious mythology, or their own fantasy. It is easier for them than many professional artists to succeed in spontaneous, intuitive, creativity that is not hindered by cultural and social rules and prohibitions. As a result, original, surprisingly clean, poetic and sublime artistic worlds appear, in which a certain ideal naive harmony between nature and man reigns.

They understand life as a "golden age", because peace for them is harmony and perfection. For them, there is no history as a constantly created process, and time in it is turned into an endless circle, where the coming tomorrow will be as radiant as the past yesterday. And it doesn't matter that the life lived was hopelessly difficult, dramatic, and sometimes tragic. This is not difficult to understand if you read the biographies of the naive. They seem to keep in the genetic memory the integrity of perception and consciousness characteristic of their ancestors. Constancy, stability and peace of mind - these are the conditions for a normal life.

And here everything becomes clear, looking more closely, that a naive mind is a mind of a special kind. He's not good or bad, he's just like that. It includes a holistic understanding of the world, in which a person is unthinkable outside nature and space, he is mentally free and can enjoy the creative process, remaining indifferent to its result. He, this mind, allows you to imagine that a person can and remains in two dreams.

At the same time, the potential that the naive possesses may be in demand in our turbulent XXI century, when we “record not the history of evolution, but the history of catastrophes”. He will not push or remove anyone, and he can hardly become the ruler of thoughts, he will only be able to present his most valuable quality - an integral unclouded consciousness, “that type of attitude that can only be called truly moral, since he does not divide the world, but he feels it as an organism ”(V. Patsyukov). This is the moral, ethical and cultural power of naive art.

At present, a huge number of naive art museums have been created in the world. In France, they are in Laval and Nice. Such a museum was created in Russia as well. The Moscow Museum of Naive Art was founded in 1998 and is a state cultural institution.

Naive art (naive art) is one of the directions of primitivism, which is characterized by a naive simplicity of technique, an anti-academic approach to painting, a fresh look and originality of the manner in which drawings are performed. Unrecognized and at first persecuted for its "barbaric" attitude to the canons of painting, art-naive eventually survived and took its rightful place in the history of world culture. In the works of artists working in this genre, everyday scenes related to food are often present, which, of course, could not fail to interest our thematic site.

It should be said that the roots of the genre “ naive art »Go far into the depths of the centuries. The first examples of naive visual art can be considered cave paintings found in caves in South Africa. (We are sure that the drawings of the ancient hunter were more likely to be perceived by those around them as a menu, and not as a painting 🙂).

Much later, the Greeks, having discovered Scythian statues of "stone women" to the north of the Black Sea, also considered them to be primitive "barbarism" due to the violation of the proportions of the body, which in ancient Greek culture characterized harmony and beauty. Just remember the "golden ratio" of Polycletus.
Nevertheless, the "correctness" of classical art continued to be constantly subjected to the guerrilla attacks of folk art. And so, after the overthrow of the domination of Rome in most European countries, the fine arts, having made a tack, changed course from perfection towards the search for expressiveness. In the role of a means to achieve this goal, the originality and identity of the former outcast and outsider, who was considered a naive art, was very suitable.
At the same time, one cannot ignore the fact that the outstanding artists of "art-naive" would never have received world recognition if European artists such as Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Joan Miró, Max Ernst and others had not become interested in their ideas and style. They supported this " revolt against the romanticism of classicism».
In search of the “fifth element” of art, they, like medieval alchemists, tried to irrationally operate with miracles and riddles, mixing avant-garde and wild natural primordialism in their paintings, which grew from the depths of the lost “primitive” world of Africa, as well as Central and South America.
It is well known that Pablo Picasso studied in detail the African style of “primitive art”, studied the original masks and sculptures brought from there in order to comprehend the creative subconscious principle of the “black continent” and to embody it in his works. That largely determined his signature asymmetrical style. Even on, he uses imbalance techniques.
The portrait of this Spanish innovator-painter was peculiarly done by a Colombian artist, who was himself dubbed in the 2007 BBC program “ Picasso of South America«.

Former illustrator Fernando Botero Angulo (Born 1932) became famous after he won first prize at the "Exhibition of Colombian Artists" in 1959. This opened the doors for him to Europe, where the steep career of this distinctive artist and sculptor began, whose work later influenced many apologists of naive art. To see this, one can compare his paintings with the work of some contemporary art-naive colleagues. In order not to be distracted from the "product" theme, let's take one of Botero's favorite themes - picnics.

One of the oldest primitivist artists, the leader of Croatian naive art - Ivan Generalić (1914-1992). Lack of professional training, peasant origin and rural themes of paintings, did not prevent him from gaining recognition throughout Europe since 1953. Peasant life appears in his works as if seen from the inside, which gives them amazing expression, freshness and spontaneity.

A picture of a Croatian grandfather grazing cows under the Eiffel Tower can be considered a secretive grin at the Parisian beau monde, one has only to look at the author's photo: a modest snack of sausage, bread and onions laid out on a stool; a purse on a plank floor, dressed in a shabby sheepskin coat ... The General is unassuming and wise in life. The French novelist Marcel Arlene wrote about him: “He was born of the earth. He has wisdom and charm. He doesn't need a teacher. "

Many artists of contemporary "naive art" do not seem to have escaped the charm of their predecessors' works. But, at the same time, in the immediacy of artistic expression inherent in art-naive, they bring elements of "social culture" unknown to Western Europeans. As an example, here are some decorative genre scenes of the Belarusian artist Elena Narkevich , who emigrated to Spain many years ago. Her paintings are an ironic reconstruction of an idealized world, an ever-memorable common past, well known to all residents of the former CIS. They are filled with nostalgic vibes of the disappearing era of socialist realism with the smells of the kitchen, where the hostesses prepare Olivier and bustle in anticipation of guests, where summer cottages replace country houses, and picnics are called outings into nature.

And although in the works of Elena Narkevich there are most of the formal signs of the genre of "naive art", such as distortions in geometric aspects, unrefined color on compositional plans, exaggerated proportions of figures and other markers of art naive, experts attribute such works to pseudo-naive art or " artificially naive"- when the artist works in an imitative manner. (Another feature of naive art - the deliberate "childishness" of the image - was brought to commercial perfection by the artist Evgeniya Gapchinskaya ).

In a manner similar to that of Elena Narkevich, an artist from Donetsk paints her paintings - Angela Jerich ... We have already talked about her work in.

The inner world of Angela Jerich's drawings is sometimes compared to the magic of portraying characters in Fellini's films. The artist succeeds in ironic and, at the same time, very loving, "illustrations of a bygone era" of socialist realism. In addition to this, Angela has an elegant fantasy and can capture the “beautiful moments” of life in a Pushkin fashion.

About her colleague in the "art-naive workshop", a Moscow artist Vladimir Lyubarov, we also told. A series of his works entitled " Eaters”, Although it pleases the eye with edible still lifes, he does not distinguish this“ gastronomic reality ”by itself. She is only an excuse to demonstrate the life of their characters, their characters and feelings. ... There you can also see his funny and emotional paintings. (Or on his personal website www.lubarov.ru).

If Lyubarov fled from civilization to the village to paint his pictures and engage in subsistence farming, then the "naive artist" Valentin Gubarev moved from Nizhniy Novgorod to Minsk. (As if to make up for the loss from the emigration of Elena Narkevich 🙂).

Pictures of Valentin Gubarev, about which they have incredible attractive power and charm. Even people who are far from art react to them emotionally and positively. In his works there is a certain innocence and irony, mischief and sadness, deep philosophy and humor. In his paintings, there are many characters, details and objects, like on the balcony of a panel five-story building, littered with things of several generations of residents. But, as connoisseurs of his paintings accurately note: "There are many things, but nothing superfluous." For his passion for fine detailing of paintings, he is called “ Belarusian Brueghel". Compare for yourself - on the left is Bruegel in the original, and on the right is one of hundreds of similar paintings by Gubarev. (By the way, using miniatures in jewelry, Bruegel depicted 118 proverbs from Scandinavian folklore in his painting).

In general, the emergence of primitivism was caused, on the one hand, by the rejection of modern urbanized life and the rise of mass culture, and on the other, by a challenge to sophisticated elite art. The primitivists strove to approach the purity, emotionality and unclouded clarity of the people's or children's consciousness. These trends have touched many artists in Europe, America and Russia.

It is impossible not to mention the outstanding representative of the art of naive and primitivism at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, the French artist Henri Rousseau ... His paintings are generally difficult to describe in words because of the riot of imagination and incomparable manner of drawing. He began to study painting already in adulthood, without having the appropriate education. He often painted exotic jungles, which he had never seen in his life. Ignoring the numerous reproaches that “a child can paint like this too,” Rousseau followed the path of his vocation. As a result, his perseverance turned out to be the Archimedean lever that turned the world of fine art: the genius of Henri Rousseau was recognized, and a new generation of artists took the baton from him.

The features of primitivism were inherent in the work of the great French painters, Paul Gauguin and Henri Matisse. Just look at Gauguin's "Tahitian Women with Mangoes" or at the stormy "Joy of Life" by Matisse: a trip to nature in full swing. (No wonder Matisse was a Fauvist).

Russia had its own groups of adherents of the style of naive art. Among them are members of the creative communities "Jack of Diamonds" (PP Konchalovsky, II Mashkov), "Donkey's Tail" (MF Larionov, NS Goncharova, MZ Chagall) and others.

One of the geniuses of primitivism is rightfully Niko Pirosmani ... This self-taught artist from a small Georgian village lived off a beggarly income, selling milk. He often donated his paintings to buyers or gave them to dealers in the hope of helping out some money. Cheerful feasts, scenes of peasant life, nature - these are the themes that inspired Pirosmani. All picnics and celebrations in his paintings have characteristic national characteristics. The loneliness and confusion of the artist-nugget in the hustle and bustle of urban philistinism turns into philosophical reflections on the place of man (and a living being in general) in the world on his canvases, and his feasts and feasts speak of moments of joy of earthly life.

We can continue to give examples, but even from a small excursion, the multicultural phenomenon of naive art becomes obvious. This can be confirmed by hundreds of museums and galleries, where paintings by "naive artists" are kept. Or the amount of sales of works of naive art, calculated in hundreds of millions of dollars.

The genre of primitivism turned out to be tenacious and adaptable, like all protozoa in nature. Naive art developed not thanks to academic "artificial" sciences (artists of art-naive often had no education), but rather in spite of, because the environment for the origin and habitation of naive art is deeply natural phenomena inaccessible to scientists and critics, where the omnipotent genius of Man reigns.

In the case of works of the genre naive art, we fully agree with the expression of Louis Aragon: “ It is naive to consider these pictures naive.»

I am sitting in a cafe. An elderly woman sits down at my table - it is clear that the wealth is not at all great. He takes out sheets A3, coal. "Do you want me to draw you?" I don’t agree, but I don’t refuse either - it’s interesting. Muttering something to herself under her breath, the woman literally in 5 minutes depicts my portrait and invites me to pick it up - of course, not free. In a couple of minutes I am already walking to the subway, holding a sheet with my very primitive image in my hands. I paid fifty rubles for it.

This woman made me think of naive art. The Encyclopedia of Art gives the following definition of this genre: "Traditional art of folk craftsmen, as well as self-taught artists, preserving children's freshness and immediacy of the vision of the world"... Maybe you have come across these pictures - simple, sincere, it seems that they were drawn by a child, but in fact the authorship belongs to an adult. Most often these are people, even the elderly. They have their own profession - working, as a rule. They live in villages and go to work every day. Naive art is a rather old trend. Back in the 17th century, non-professional artists created their "mercilessly truthful" portraits, and in the 20th century, naive emerged as a separate direction, free from academic rules and norms.

Icon painting is considered the progenitor of naive. Having seen such icons, you will surely easily distinguish them from traditional ones. They are disproportionate, primitive, as if even sloppy. All these characteristics can be applied to any painting of naive art, not just to icons.

One of the most prominent representatives of naive -. He is also considered the founder of naive art. Rousseau wrote his first job at 42 - he worked as a customs officer, and began writing only when he retired. These artists do not have time to be professionally engaged in creative work, and they do not want to. It's just that sometimes in their free time they draw what they see. "Picking apples", "Threshing", "Stormy River", "Whitewash canvases" - these are the names of paintings by naive artists.

Rousseau's work has often been ridiculed and heavily criticized, especially at first. And the artist gained wide popularity after Camille Pissaro was brought to one of his paintings - they wanted to amuse, and the master began to admire the artist's style and praise the picture. It was Carnival Evening, 1886.

The details of the landscape are too carefully written out, and the construction of plans amused the audience, but this is what delighted Pissarro.

Another equally famous naive artist is the Georgian Niko Pirosmani. At the beginning of the twentieth century, when Pirosmani began to actively engage in art, he painted with homemade paints on oilcloths - white or black. Where it was necessary to depict these colors, the artist simply left the oilcloths unpainted - and this is how he developed one of his basic techniques.

Pirosmani loved to portray animals, and his friends said that in these animals he, rather, draws himself. And in fact, Pirosmani's “faces” of all animals bear little resemblance to real animal faces, and they all have the same look: sad and defenseless, be it “Giraffe” (1905) or “Bear on a Moonlit Night” (1905).

Niko Pirosmani died in homeless poverty from hunger and hardship. And this despite the fact that from time to time he had work on the design of signs for public catering.

Most of the naive representatives do not earn money with their artistic creativity, leaving at best a couple of hours a day for it, as a hobby. This cannot be done to a profession - this is precisely what separates naive artists into a separate caste. This is a very honest art, with all my heart - there is no oppression of orders over the artist, no material dependence on creativity. He just draws, because he loves it - and harvesting, and matchmaking rituals, and his native river in the forest. He loves and sings as best he can.

The Romanian naive artist can do it in a very special way. His works are like illustrations for children's books - they are colorful, kind and fabulous. Daskalu differs from many artists of naive art in that he depicts fantasy plots, and not ordinary life situations. There is a house made of shoes, and midgets with giants, and flying unicorns. At the same time, his paintings do not cease to be simple - both in form and in content. Looking at them, I want to reread my favorite fairy tales and dream a little.

Naive includes the creativity of self-taught and amateur art. "Naive" does not mean "stupid" or "narrow-minded." Rather, it is a contrast to professional art. Naive art artists do not have professional artistic skills. This is their difference from primitivist artists: those, being professionals, stylized their works as “inept” and simple. And most importantly, naive artists do not strive to paint professionally according to the canons. They don't want to develop their art and make it their profession. Naive artists paint the world not the way they teach, but the way they feel it.

At first it seemed to me that naive art is like ditties. I was so happy about this comparison - it turned out to be very colorful and bright. But after figuring it out, I realized that I was wrong. Naive art is very light, but "iron serious". In it, unlike caustic ditties, there is no humor, grotesque, caricature - although at first glance it seems completely different. In a naive way, the author always has an enthusiastic perception of what he portrays. And where there is no delight, there is no naive art - they simply do not show these areas of life. Naive is a sincere admiration.

There is a Museum of Naive Art in Moscow - its employees are doing serious work on collecting exhibits, communicating with authors. Now the museum has about 1,500 works, but there are not many places for demonstration, so the exhibitions change almost every month.

This text will not tell everything about the artists of naive art, but let it at least interest and inspire you to reach the museum or look through these naive pictures in a search engine. These adult dreamer artists deserve simple attention - albeit without admiration and worldwide recognition, but let's try to at least know them.

naive art

In the 20th century. more and more attention began to attract one phenomenon that was previously not considered art at all. This is the work of amateur artists, or so-called. weekend artists... Their work is called naivism or primitivism. The first naive, taken seriously, was a French customs official Henri Rousseau(1844 - 1910), who devoted himself to painting in retirement. His paintings depicted either the events of everyday life, or the images of distant lands, deserts and tropical forests full of fantasy. Unlike many later naivists, Rousseau was unfeignedly naive, he believed in his calling and painted his paintings with awkward, helplessly drawn and funny human and animal figures, without hesitation.

Nor did he care about perspective. But the color combinations in his paintings are beautiful, and the simplicity and spontaneity give them great charm. This was noticed already at the beginning of the century by the Cubists, led by Picasso, they were the first to support naivism.

Another outstanding naive, who never received recognition during his lifetime, was a Georgian Niko Pirosmanashvili (1862 – 1918).

In the paintings of this self-taught, we see animals, landscapes, the life of ordinary people: labor, festive feasts, fair scenes, etc. The strong side of Pirosmanashvili's creations is the magnificent color range and pronounced Georgian national identity.

Museum of Naive Art in Paris

Most of the naive are people living in remote corners, in small towns or villages and deprived of the opportunity to study painting, but full of desire to create. Even in the technically helpless works of naivists, the freshness of feelings that high art strives for is preserved, therefore naivism attracted professional artists as well.

The fate of naivism in America is remarkable. There already in the 19th century. he was taken seriously and the work of the naive were collected for museum collections. In America, there were few art schools, large art centers in Europe were far away, but people did not weaken the desire for beauty and the desire to capture their life environment in art. The art of amateurs became the solution.

Naive art, naive - (eng. naive art)- one of the areas of primitive art of the 18th-20th centuries, including amateur art (painting, graphics, sculpture, decorative art, architecture), as well as the visual work of self-taught artists. Works of naive art include paintings by the remarkable French artist A. Rousseau, nicknamed the Customs Officer, since he was a customs officer by profession, and the magnificent provincial portraits of Russian people in the 18th - 19th centuries. unknown artists.

A “naive” artist differs from a “non-naive” artist, as a shaman differs from a professor: both are specialists, each in his own way.

The uniqueness of the primitive everyday portrait is due not only to the peculiarities of the artistic language, but also, to an equal extent, by the nature of nature itself. In general terms, the compositional scheme of a merchant's portrait is borrowed from contemporary professional art. At the same time, the severity of the faces, the heightened sense of the silhouette, the painting technique make one recall icon painting. But the connection with the lubok is even more felt. This is manifested primarily in the very approach to nature, which is perceived by the artist naively and holistically, decorative and colorful. The national Russian ethnic type is clearly traced in the face and clothes. Conscientious reproduction of the main and the secondary led to the creation of a holistic image, striking with the power of vital characteristic.

Naive art combines the original brightness of imaginative fantasy, freshness and sincerity of the perception of the world with the lack of professional skills in drawing, painting, composition, modeling, etc.

Works of naive art are extremely diverse in form and individual style, however, many of them are characterized by the absence of linear perspective (many primitivists strive to convey depth using figures of different scales, a special organization of forms and color masses), flatness, simplified rhythm and symmetry, active use of local colors , generalization of forms, emphasizing the functionality of the object due to certain deformations, increased importance of the contour, simplicity of techniques.

Naive art, as a rule, is optimistic in spirit, life-affirming, multifaceted and diverse, and most often has a fairly high aesthetic significance. Naive art is, as it were, a counterweight to the “technical” one. In naive art, there is no technique, no school, it is impossible to learn it. It just "rushes" out of you. It is self-sufficient. He does not care how the masters evaluate him, what style he is attributed to. This is such a primordial creativity of the soul, and study would rather deprive it of its strength than sharpen it.

One of the sides of naive art is the naivety or simplicity of forms, images, technology; in him there is no pride, narcissism, claims. But behind the naivety of the form, the depth of the meanings is clearly visible (otherwise, remaining naive, it ceases to be art). It is real. It is available to anyone - a child and an old man, an illiterate, and a doctor of science.

Primitive artists of the 20th century, who are familiar with classical and contemporary professional art, often have interesting and original artistic solutions when trying to imitate certain techniques of professional art in the absence of appropriate technical knowledge and skills.

For a long time in Russia the prevailing opinion was that naive art was somewhat “secondary”. In Russian (as in some other) language, the term "primitive" has as one of the main - evaluative (and precisely negative) meaning. Therefore, it is more appropriate to dwell on the concept of naive art. In the broadest sense, this is the designation of fine art, which is distinguished by simplicity (or simplification), clarity and formal immediacy of the pictorial and expressive language, with the help of which a special vision of the world, not burdened by civilizational conventions, is expressed. At the same time, they forgot that the early avant-garde, postmodernists and conceptual artists, in search of new pictorial forms, turned to the spontaneity and innocence of the naive. Chagall showed interest in the work of self-taught, Malevich turned to Russian popular prints, naive took a special place in the work of Larionov and Goncharova. Largely thanks to the techniques and images of naive art, success accompanied the demonstrations of works by Kabakov, Bruskin, Komar and Melamid. Various techniques and elements of the primitivist language were used in their work by many major artists of the 20th century. (expressionists, P. Klee, M. Chagal, H. Miro, P. Picasso and others). In Naive art, many representatives of culture strive to see the ways out of artistic culture from civilizational dead ends.

In terms of the vision of the world and the ways of its artistic presentation, naive art somewhat approaches the art of children, on the one hand, and the creativity of the mentally ill, on the other. However, in its essence, naive art differs from both. The closest in terms of worldview to children's art is the naive art of archaic peoples and aborigines of Oceania and Africa. Its fundamental difference from children's art lies in deep sacredness, traditionalism and canonicity. The childish naivety and immediacy of the perception of the world seemed to be frozen forever in this art, its expressive forms and elements of the artistic language were filled with sacred-magical significance and cult symbolism, which has a fairly stable field of irrational meanings. In children's art, they are very mobile and do not carry a cult load. In contrast to him, the art of the mentally ill, which is often close to it in form, is characterized by a painful obsession with the same motives, a pessimistic-depressive mood, and a low level of artistry.