The amazing secrets of the Russian greeting. Class hour in elementary school on the topic: How people greeted each other in Russia "Hello" and "Hello"

06.07.2019

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Significant in initiation terms is the ritual of greeting. So from the form of the greeting, you can understand whether the interlocutor is respected or not, you can understand the gender and social status of the person to whom the greeting is assigned. This custom conceals a lot of mysterious and interesting things. Among the Slavs of the past and present, here, too, not everything is unambiguous. But, something worth telling. So the main, core-forming is the wish of health to the interlocutor. So let's say, the most famous greeting is "goy thou". This is a wish of health to a Slav. Everyone remembers the epic "goy thou, good fellow"?
This expression went from the epics. To explain that the word "hello" is a wish of health, we think, is not worth it. Also, the wish for health can be heard in the greetings "Good health", "Healthy bully" and many others. A wish of health to the interlocutor is a sign of good manners and respect. If they wanted to greet the house and all its relatives, they said “Peace to your home!”. It seems that this goes back to the ritual of greeting the Brownie and Chura. The phrase "Peace to your home" most likely meant a greeting to the Domovoi. Brownie, not just the keeper of the hearth and order in the house, but also a later incarnation. It's just that the process of transformation of the Family - Ancestor - Brownie, was not fast. The family began to be forgotten in the 10th century, and in subsequent centuries Rozhanitsa was already revered. But the cult of the ancestor remained in Russia. Remember the expression when you find an ownerless thing: "Chur, mine!". This is an ancient call to Rod to witness a find. The Slavs greeted not only each other, but also the Gods. Hence comes the hypothesis about the self-name of the Slavs from the word "Glory". The Slavs not only praised the Gods, but also always treated the surrounding Nature correctly and politely. In the epics, this was preserved in the phenomenon that heroes often greet the field, forest, river. As mentioned above, the Slavs believed that the world is alive, and every living soul needs to be greeted. You were not surprised why in the villages, they still greet even a stranger, everyone, even children? The Slav may not give his true name, but he is obliged to say hello. This goes back to the phenomenon that if you wished a person health, then he will wish it to you too. And accordingly, people, even not previously familiar, become psychologically closer. And this rapprochement already, as it were, exposes a protective circle. And they no longer expect bad things from a stranger.
The greeting of a respected person in the community was always accompanied by a low bow to the ground. Acquaintances and friends were greeted with a bow bow. Strangers could be greeted in different ways, but most often the hand was applied to the heart and then lowered down. A simplified version of the first two types. Although in the first two cases, the hand was applied to the heart, this was how the cordiality of intentions was expressed. Likewise, a stranger could be met with a simple nod. It is characteristic that the movements in this greeting do not go towards the sun, as some modern native believers try to interpret it, but towards the earth. And this is more than logical, given the moment that the Slavs revered the earth as a Divine. When studying this issue, the name of the pagan Slavs by Christian clergymen as "idolaters" is characteristic and symbolic. They bowed to the idol, thereby expressing greetings and respect. What is typical for the worldview of the Slavs, since Idols are deceased Ancestors, and about them either respectfully or in no way.
The greeting was like the initiation of the interlocutor. And what does he want in return? Own or someone else's (this is about the example of "goy thou")? And today, greetings are applied strictly by distinction. So let's say, the ritual of greeting through shaking not the hand, but the wrist. In native belief, this is not just a characteristic greeting, but also self-identification. Such a greeting is explained by the antiquity of its use, so they checked whether there was a weapon in the sleeve. The esoteric meaning, in this form of greeting, is that when the wrists touch, the pulse is transmitted, and therefore the biorhythm of another person. This greeting is like reading another person's code. Today you can find many greetings and "Glory to the Rod!", "Good day!" and many of the above. And today, native believers wish the family health and prosperity. And all the word forms of greeting convey warmth and participation in the fate of another person. I am glad that such a variety of greetings, although partially forgotten, but still reached our days and has changed little!

Summary of the class hour on the topic: "How people greeted each other in Russia" for an elementary school

Daylidenok Lyubov Evgenievna, novice teacher in Kostroma
Description: The material is intended for primary school teachers, class teachers.
The purpose of the lesson: Acquaintance of children with the forms of greeting in Russia.
Tasks:
1. Expand the horizons of children's knowledge.
2. Help the children to feel the fullness of tactile sensations through the game.
3. Create a supportive classroom environment.
Used material: flower "Clever Camomile", "Cloud", "Sun".
Organizing time:
(The teacher checks the children's readiness for the lesson)
Teacher:
The long-awaited call is given -
The lesson begins.
Good afternoon, dear guys. I'm glad to see you all. Let's give a piece of our mood to each other! Look guys at each other and smile!
Preparatory stage:
Teacher: Today's lesson is not simple, but magical. Do you know why? Because we will go with you to a magical land, where we will learn a lot of interesting things. You are ready? Close your eyes. All together we count to ten (one, two, three ...) and we are in a magical land.
A lot of interesting things await us in this country. But getting there is not easy, you need to get a pass. You need to split up into groups of 4. Think first, each for yourself, then discuss your options in the group, what words we use when meeting each other, and then say one word at a time - greeting. The group that will name the greeting word will receive a "pass" to the magic land of words. You are given 2 minutes for discussion. Who to cope before raises their hands.
The guys take turns calling words, for example, "hello", "hello", "good morning", etc.

During the classes:

Teacher:
Today we will learn how they used to greet each other in Russia, which words have gone out of circulation, and which we still use.
So, what kind of miracles await us in this country ?!
The first miracle: "Meeting with a flower called" Smart Camomile "". Work in pairs.

Before you is a flower with unusual petals. Each petal has words written on it. Want to know what words are hidden behind each petal?
The students answer: "Yes!"
Teacher:
To do this, each pair will tear off one petal. You first read this word, then try to explain in your own words what you think it means, then I will read you the correct answer.
Used words, with correct meanings in parentheses:
- Hello (the form of greetings developed at the end of the 17th century - I command you good health, or a wish of health).
- Hello (an expression of friendliness, location, good wishes addressed to someone)
- Good afternoon / morning / evening (greetings upon meeting and wishes for a kind-hearted, i.e. cordial, sincere day / morning / evening)
- Greetings (you) (to give a sign of kindness to someone)
- My respect (deep respect for someone)
- Lowest bow (low bow as a sign of respect)
- Good health (wish for good health)
- Rejoice (welcome sign)

God help! (used when a person passed by working people)
- Hello to you and long life! (wish for health and a long life)
- Wake you good this day! (Morning greeting in the 17th century is a wish for good today).
- "Fresh for you!" (greeted a girl who draws water from a river or a well.)
- "Bread and salt!" (told to those who ate).

Teacher: Russia has always been hospitable and benevolent.
Nowhere else did they know how to greet and meet guests as it was in Russia.
Bread and salt are the essential attributes for meeting guests.
A wonderful custom, inviting every passer-by to your house and treating them, came to us from ancient times.
The guest was greeted, of course, with bread and salt. Bread expressed the wish for wealth and prosperity, and salt was considered a talisman capable of protecting a person from hostile forces and influences.
The owner himself had to cut and serve the bread and salt. Thus, a relationship of trust was to be established between the guest and the host. Refusal to taste bread and salt was regarded as an insult.
Teacher:
The second miracle: "Greetings without words."
To do this, let's play a game.
The game is called Let's Say Hello. Rules of the game:
Children chaotically move around the classroom (you can go out into the corridor) and, at the signal of the teacher (clap their hands), greet everyone who meets on their way (it is possible that one of the children will specifically try to say hello to the one who usually does not pay attention to him). You need to greet in a certain way:
- one clap - shake hands;
- two claps - say hello with your shoulders;
- three claps - say hello to the backs.
The ban on conversation will help children to feel the fullness of tactile sensations.
Teacher:
Well done boys. Now we will continue our lesson.
So, what does the word "greeting" mean?
A greeting is a greeting to someone; speech with the expression of good wishes, your location.
Greetings can be expressed by gesture, words, handshake.

For centuries, there have been rules for greetings. People were looking for ways and forms of communication in which everyone would be comfortable and good, so that no one would feel awkward.
A man should raise his hat, not reaching a few steps to the oncoming person, with whom he intends to say hello, but does not raise other hats. The custom of removing the headdress when greeting was common almost 500 years ago. When entering a room, people take off their headdress.
Question to the guys: What do you think this gesture means?
The guys answer.
Teacher: Well done. Correct answer: with this gesture you show the owners that you respect the house you came to and the people living in it.
Teacher:
In Russia, it was customary to bow at a meeting.

But the bows were different. The Slavs greeted a respected person in the community with a low bow to the ground, sometimes even touching or kissing it. This bow was called a "great custom." Acquaintances and friends were greeted with a "small custom" - bowing at the waist, while strangers were greeted almost without custom: putting their hand to the heart and then lowering it down. It is interesting that the gesture "from heart to earth" is originally Slavic, but "from heart to sun" is not. The laying on of a hand to the heart accompanied any bow - this is how our ancestors expressed the cordiality and purity of their intentions. Any bow means humility in front of the interlocutor. There is also a moment of defenselessness in it, because a person bows his head and does not see the one who is in front of him, substituting him the most defenseless place of his body - the neck.
Teacher:
The form of the greeting is a hug.

Hugs were common in Russia, but this type of greeting also had its varieties. One of the most interesting examples is the male hug "heart to heart", which at first glance shows the complete trust of men to each other, but in reality testifies to the opposite, because it was in this way that men checked whether a potential dangerous rival had weapons.

This Easter greeting has survived to this day.
Teacher:
Handshaking is an ancient gesture that communicates a lot to the interlocutors without a single word. A lot can be determined by how strong and long the handshake is. The duration of the handshake is proportional to the warmth of the relationship; close friends or people who have not seen each other for a long time and are happy to meet could make a hot handshake not with one hand, but with both. The elder was usually the first to extend his hand to the younger - this was, as it were, an invitation to him to join his circle. The hand must be "bare" - this rule has survived to this day. An open hand indicates trust.

It is important to remember the following:
The first to greet:
- younger in age - older in age;
First to reach out:
- a woman to a man;
- senior by age (position) - junior by age (position)
Final part:
So our journey has come to an end. We have learned a lot of new and interesting things.
Guys, there are suns and clouds on your desks, if you liked the lesson, then raise the “sun”, if you don’t like it, raise the “clouds”.

Closing remarks from the teacher:
Hello - I wish you health!
This word contains wisdom, kindness,
That always side by side with love
And the souls of Slavic beauty!
Why do we use "hello"?
I guess, no matter how much you look,
All the same, you will not find the answer.
On "Hello" - "Goodbye" and "Sorry."
It’s not at all about “Hello”, no!
It's just a joy to meet a person,
"How many winters!" - exclaim - "how old!"
And a smile at "Hello!" answer.
If I meet you again,
Know that my "Hello" is nonsense.
I want to wish you health -
Hello! Now and Forever!
(author Kovaleva Elena)

This expression went from the epics. To explain that the word "hello" is a wish of health, we think, is not worth it. Also, the wish for health can be heard in the greetings "Good health", "Healthy Buly" and many others. A wish of health to the interlocutor is a sign of good manners and respect. If they wanted to greet the house and all its relatives, they said “Peace to your home!”. It seems that this goes back to the ritual of greeting the Brownie and Chura. The phrase "Peace to your home" most likely meant a greeting to the Domovoi. Brownie, not just the keeper of the hearth and order in the house, but also a late incarnation of the god Rod. It's just that the process of transformation of the Family - Ancestor - Brownie, was not fast. The family began to be forgotten in the 10th century, and in subsequent centuries, Rozhanitsa was already revered. But the cult of the ancestor remained in Russia. Remember the expression when you find an ownerless thing: "Chur, mine!". This is an ancient call to Rod to witness a find. The Slavs greeted not only each other, but also the Gods. Hence comes the hypothesis about the self-name of the Slavs from the word "Glory". The Slavs not only praised the Gods, but also always treated the surrounding nature correctly and politely. In the epics, this was preserved in the phenomenon that heroes often greet the field, forest, river. As mentioned above, the Slavs believed that the world is alive, and every living soul needs to be greeted. You were not surprised why in the villages, they still greet even a stranger, everyone, even children? The Slav may not give his true name, but he is obliged to say hello. This goes back to the phenomenon that if you wished a person health, then he will wish it to you too. And accordingly, people, even not previously familiar, become psychologically closer. And this rapprochement already, as it were, exposes a protective circle. And they no longer expect bad things from a stranger.

The greeting of a respected person in the community was always accompanied by a low bow to the ground. Acquaintances and friends were greeted with a bow bow. Strangers could be greeted in different ways, but most often the hand was applied to the heart and then lowered down. A simplified version of the first two types. Although in the first two cases, the hand was applied to the heart, this was how the cordiality of intentions was expressed. Likewise, a stranger could be met with a simple nod. It is characteristic that the movements in this greeting do not go towards the sun, as some modern native believers try to interpret it, but towards the earth. And this is more than logical, given the moment that the Slavs revered the earth as a Divine. When studying this issue, the name of the pagan Slavs by Christian clergymen as "idolaters" is characteristic and symbolic. They bowed to the idol, thereby expressing greetings and respect. What is characteristic of the worldview of the Slavs, since Idols are deceased ancestors, and about them either respectfully or not. There is not a single written source describing the movement from the heart to the sky as a greeting.

The greeting was like the initiation of the interlocutor. And what does he want in return? Own or someone else's (this is about the example of "goy thou")? And today, greetings are applied strictly by distinction. So let's say, the ritual of greeting through shaking not the hand, but the wrist. In native belief, this is not just a characteristic greeting, but also self-identification. Such a greeting is explained by the antiquity of its use, so they checked whether there was a weapon in the sleeve. The esoteric meaning, in this form of greeting, is that when the wrists touch, the pulse is transmitted, and therefore the biorhythm of another person. This greeting is like reading another person's code. Today you can find many greetings and "Glory to the Rod!", "Good day!" and many of the above. And today, native believers wish the family health and prosperity. And all the word forms of greeting convey warmth and participation in the fate of another person. I am glad that such a variety of greetings, although partially forgotten, but still reached our days and has changed little!

In terms of initiation, we mean greeting ritual... So from the form of the greeting, you can understand whether the interlocutor is respected or not, you can understand the gender and social status of the person to whom the greeting is assigned. This custom conceals a lot of mysterious and interesting things. Among the Slavs of the past and present, here, too, not everything is unambiguous. But, it's worth telling about something. So the main, pivotal, is the wish of health to the interlocutor. So let's say, the most famous greeting is "goy thou". This is a wish of health to a Slav. Do you all remember the epic "goy thou, good fellow"?

This expression went from the epics. To explain that the word "hello" is a wish of health, we think, is not worth it. Also, the wish for health can be heard in the greetings "Good health", "Healthy Buly" and many others. A wish of health to the interlocutor is a sign of good manners and respect. If they wanted to greet the house and all its relatives, they said “Peace to your home!”. It seems that this goes back to the ritual of greeting the Brownie and Chura. The phrase "Peace to your home" most likely meant a greeting to the Domovoi. Brownie, not just the keeper of the hearth and order in the house, but also the later incarnation of God the Family. It's just that the process of transformation of the Family - Ancestor - Brownie, was not fast. The family began to be forgotten in the 10th century, and in subsequent centuries, Rozhanitsa was already revered. But the cult of the ancestor remained in Russia. Remember the expression when you find an ownerless thing: "Chur, mine!". This is an ancient call to Rod to witness a find. The Slavs greeted not only each other, but also the Gods. Hence comes the hypothesis about the self-name of the Slavs from the word "Glory". The Slavs not only praised the Gods, but also always treated the surrounding nature correctly and politely. In the epics, this was preserved in the phenomenon that heroes often greet the field, forest, river. As mentioned above, the Slavs believed that the world is alive, and every living soul needs to be greeted. You were not surprised why in the villages, they still greet even a stranger, everyone, even children? The Slav may not give his true name, but he is obliged to say hello. This goes back to the phenomenon that if you wished a person health, then he will wish it to you too. And accordingly, people, even not previously familiar, become psychologically closer. And this rapprochement already, as it were, exposes a protective circle. And they no longer expect bad things from a stranger.

And today, native believers wish the family health and prosperity. And all the word forms of greeting convey warmth and participation in the fate of another person. I am glad that such a variety of greetings, although partially forgotten, but still reached our days and has changed little!

Pre-Christian greetings

In fairy tales and epics, heroes very often greet a field, a river, a forest, and clouds. People, especially young people, are told: "Thou art good, good fellow!" The word goy is very old, this ancient root is found in many languages. In Russian, its meanings are associated with life and life-giving power, and in Dahl's dictionary goit means "fast, live, welcome." But there is another interpretation of the greeting “Goy thou!”: Some researchers argue that this phrase indicates belonging to one community, clan, tribe and can be translated as: “You are ours, our bloods”.
So, the word “goy” means “to live”, and “you” means “is”. Literally this phrase can be translated into modern Russian as follows: "You are now and be still alive!"
Interestingly, this ancient root is preserved in the word outcast. And if "goy" is "to live, life", then "outcast" - his antonym - is a person cut off from life, deprived of it.
Another common greeting in Russia is "Peace to your home!" It is unusually complete, respectful, because in this way a person welcomes the house and all its inhabitants, close and distant relatives. Perhaps, in pre-Christian Russia, by such a greeting, they also meant an appeal to a housekeeper and a god of this kind.
Christian greetings

Christianity gave Russia a variety of greetings, and from that time on, from the very first words spoken, it became possible to determine the religion of a stranger. Russian Christians loved to greet each other like this: "Christ is in our midst!" - and answer: "There is and will be!". Russia is dear to Byzantium, and the ancient Greek language is almost native. The ancient Greeks greeted each other with an exclamation of "Hayrete!" Which meant "Rejoice!" - and the Russians, following them, took this greeting. "Rejoice!" - as it were, a man begins the song to the Most Holy Theotokos (after all, it is such a refrain that is found in the hymns of the Theotokos). Another greeting that appeared during this time was more often used when a person passed by working people. "God help!" - he said then. "To the glory of God!" or "Thank God!" - answered him. These words, not as a greeting, but more often as a simple wish, are still used by Russians.
Surely not all versions of ancient greetings have come down to us. In spiritual literature, the greeting was almost always "omitted" and the heroes went straight to the essence of the conversation. Only in one literary monument - the apocrypha "The Legend of our Father Agapius" of the 13th century, there is a greeting of that time, surprising with its poetry: "Good walk and good you will be."
Kissing

The threefold kiss, which has survived in Russia to this day, is a very old tradition. The number three is sacred, it is both fullness in the Trinity, and reliability and protection. The guests were kissed so often - after all, a guest for a Russian person is like an angel entering a house. Another type of kiss is the kiss of the hand, which signified respect and admiration. Of course, this is how the confidants greeted the sovereign (sometimes kissing not even the hand, but the leg). This kiss is part of the priest's blessing and is also a greeting. In the church, they also kissed the one who had just received the Holy Mysteries of Christ - in this case, the kiss was both a congratulation and a greeting of a renewed, purified person.
The sacred, and not only "formal" meaning of kissing in Russia is also indicated by the fact that not everyone was allowed to kiss the sovereign's hand (it was forbidden for ambassadors of non-Christian countries). A person with a lower status could kiss a higher one on the shoulder, and that one could kiss him on the head.
After the revolution and in Soviet times, the tradition of kissing greetings weakened, but now it is reviving again.
Bows

Bows are a greeting that, unfortunately, has not survived to this day (but remained in some other countries: for example, in Japan, people of any level and social status still bow deeply to each other when they meet, say goodbye, and as a token of gratitude). In Russia, it was customary to bow at a meeting. But the bows were different.
The Slavs greeted a respected person in the community with a low bow to the ground, sometimes even touching or kissing it. This bow was called a "great custom." Acquaintances and friends were greeted with a "small custom" - bowing at the waist, while strangers were greeted almost without custom: putting their hand to the heart and then lowering it down. It is interesting that the gesture “from the heart to the earth” is originally Slavic, but “from the heart to the sun” is not. The laying on of a hand to the heart accompanied any bow - this is how our ancestors expressed the cordiality and purity of their intentions.
Any bow metaphorically (and physically too) means humility in front of the interlocutor. There is also a moment of defenselessness in it, because a person bows his head and does not see the one who is in front of him, substituting him the most defenseless place of his body - the neck.
Embrace

Hugs were common in Russia, but this type of greeting also had its varieties. One of the most interesting examples is the male hug "heart to heart", which, at first glance, shows the complete trust of men to each other, but in reality testifies to the opposite, because it was in this way that men checked whether a potential dangerous rival had weapons. A separate type of hug is fraternization, a sudden cessation of hostilities. Relatives and friends hugged, and also people in the church before confession. This is an ancient Christian tradition that helps a person to tune in to confession, forgive others and ask for forgiveness himself (after all, there were people in churches then who knew each other well, and among them were offenders and offended).
Handshakes and caps

Touching the hands is an ancient gesture that communicates a lot to the interlocutors without a single word. A lot can be determined by how strong and long the handshake is. The duration of the handshake is proportional to the warmth of the relationship; close friends or people who have not seen each other for a long time and are happy to meet could make a hot handshake not with one hand, but with both. The elder was usually the first to extend his hand to the younger - this was, as it were, an invitation to him to join his circle. The hand must be "bare" - this rule has survived to this day. An open hand indicates trust. Another option for shaking hands is touching not with palms, but with hands. Apparently, it was widespread among the soldiers: in this way they checked that those who met on their way had no weapons with them, and demonstrated their disarmament. The sacred meaning of such a greeting is that when the wrists touch, the pulse is transmitted, and therefore the biorhythm of another person. Two people form a chain, which is also important in the Russian tradition.
Later, when the rules of etiquette appeared, only friends were attributed to shaking hands. And in order to say hello to distant acquaintances, they raised their hat. This is where the Russian expression "nodding acquaintance" came from, meaning a superficial acquaintance.
Hello and Hello

The origin of these greetings is very interesting, since the word "hello", for example, is not just limited to the word "health", that is, health. Now we perceive it exactly in this way: as a wish to another person of health and long life. However, the root "healthy" and "healthy" is found in ancient Indian, and in Greek, and in the Avestan languages. Initially, the word “hello” consisted of two parts: “Sъ-” and “* dorvo-”, where the first meant “good”, and the second related to the concept of “tree”. What does the tree have to do with it? For the ancient Slavs, the tree was a symbol of strength and prosperity, and such a greeting meant that a person wishes another for these strengths, endurance and prosperity. In addition, the greeter himself comes from a strong, strong family. This also proves that not everyone could say hello. Free people, equal to each other, were allowed to do this, but slaves were not. The form of greeting for them was different - "Beat your brow".

The very first mention of the word "hello" was found by the researchers in the annals dated to 1057. The author of the chronicles wrote: "Hello, many years."
The word "hello" is easier to decipher. It also consists of two parts: "with" + "vet". The first is found in the words "caress", "incline" and means proximity, approaching something or someone. The second is in the words “advice”, “answer”, “message” ... Saying “hello”, we show closeness (and indeed, only to close people we address this way) and, as it were, convey good news to another.

The amazing secrets of the Russian greeting. Class hour in elementary school on the topic: How people greeted each other in Russia "Hello" and "Hello"

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