Why does the dream end with the appearance of a stolz. I.A.Goncharov. Pages of life and work. The novel "Oblomov

Stolz's arrival at Oblomov's house. First, there will be a long and detailed description of the lazy life and lazy environment. Then, like a fresh wind, Stolz will rush in and try to change something in this sleepy existence of his friend. It is rather difficult to analyze the second part without saying a few words about the first part and the general concept of the novel. It is interesting that the first part of the novel ends with Oblomov's dream, which, as it were, sums up all this "lazy" description; and one of the heroes of this dream is Stolz's childhood friend. The hero wakes up and finds a friend in reality, but this will already be the second part, in which the course of time, which is usual for Ilya, will be disrupted.

The first part of the novel is devoted to one ordinary day of the hero, who spends it without getting up from the couch. The unhurried author's narration in detail and in detail draws the setting of Oblomov's apartment, which bears the stamp of abandonment and desolation. In the things surrounding the hero, his character is guessed. The author pays special attention to the description of Oblomov's robe: oriental, "without the slightest hint of Europe", spacious, wide, which dutifully repeats the movements of his body. The image of the robe grows into a symbol that, as it were, denotes the milestones of his spiritual evolution. Love for Olga Ilyinskaya awakens the hero's soul to an active, active life. These changes are associated in Oblomov's thoughts with the need to "throw off a wide robe not only from the shoulders, but also from the soul and from the mind." Indeed, for some time the robe disappears from sight, so that then the new owner of Oblomovka, Agafya Matveevna Pshenitsyna, would find it in the closet and bring it back to life.

So Oblomov's feeble attempts to change his existence fail. The hero continues to lie on the couch, hiding from the invasion of external life, but she still bursts into his semi-dark, sealed room in the form of an unpleasant letter from the headman or the owner's demand to leave the apartment. Oblomov cannot bring himself to read the letter, delays the search for a new apartment, but thoughts about this constantly poison his existence. “It touches life, gets it everywhere,” complains Ilya Ilyich, trying to turn to his guests for help and advice. These people from the outside world are completely different from each other, there is not even the slightest resemblance to Oblomov in them. All of them are active, mobile and energetic. Here appears the empty dandy Volkov, and the careerist Sudbinsky, and the writer-accuser Penkin, and the impudent fellow countryman Oblomova Tarantiev, and the faceless Alekseev.

Why does the writer introduce these episodic characters into the novel, who in turn appear at the famous Oblomov sofa? Probably, each of Ilya Ilyich's visitors, talking about their occupations and problems, represents one or another version of an active, active life that reality offers to the hero instead of lying on the couch. After the departure of each of the guests, the host sums up a kind of result of the conversation with him and gives him his own assessment. And this assessment is always negative. Oblomov is not at all attracted by secular successes, or a career, or superficial literary accusations. Why is Oz so stubbornly rejecting these possible paths? Maybe because he sees nothing in them but empty unnecessary fuss. He wants something more sublime and beautiful, for which it is worth getting off the couch. Indeed, when you think about it, Oblomov's position seems more attractive and honest.

But this does not mean at all that Ilya Ilyich is completely satisfied with his present position. He realizes the squalor and emptiness of his mediocre life, his spiritual fall. The hero severely judges himself for laziness and passivity, is ashamed of his lordship, comparing his soul with a treasure heaped up with all sorts of rubbish. A painful question arises before him: “Why am I like this? "The writer gives the answer to it in the chapter" Oblomov's Dream ", which is called" the overture of the whole novel. " The hero dreams of childhood in patriarchal Oblomovka, we see the social conditions that shaped his character. Frisky and inquisitive Ilya is not allowed even to get dressed himself. Work here is the privilege of courtyard servants who vigilantly watch the little master, preventing all his desires.

The serfdom of Russia not only condemns the Russian people to a beggarly and disenfranchised position, but also cripples the soul of a growing nobleman, killing in him the wonderful inclinations of character. In Oblomov, they often see only the destructive influence of serf slavery and aristocracy. But it has a lot of attractive qualities generated by the same patriarchal environment. This is his kindness, critical attitude towards himself, deep analytical mind, honesty, breadth of soul, striving for something higher. Ilyusha Oblomov was brought up on Russian folk tales and epics. It grows in the bosom of the soft Central Russian nature, which promises a person peace and quiet, surrounded by love and affection. Therefore, vanity and prudence are organically alien to him. He is looking for "mind, will, feeling" in life. And such a wonderful, all-embracing feeling, like love for Olga Ilyinskaya, illuminates Oblomov's life, awakening his soul, instilling hope for happiness. But if he loves sincerely and tenderly, then calculation and vanity clearly prevail in Olga's feelings. She set herself a difficult and noble goal - to awaken a sleeping soul to life. Perhaps Ilya Ilyich feels it. For him, love becomes a test that he cannot stand.

The main character, the antipode of Oblomov, is his friend Andrei Stolts in the novel. This is a nature completely opposite to the lazy and idler Ilya. The author introduces us in detail to the origin, upbringing, education and current activities of Stolz. It would seem that he embodies the best human qualities: diligence, intelligence, energy, honesty, nobility, but critics of different times, not without reason, noted the schematic nature of his image, the inconclusiveness of his ideas and activities. Despite all his merits, Andrei Stolz is perceived as a successful energetic businessman, a representative of the new bourgeois order, which is replacing the patriarchal shambles.

Of course, this historical path of the country's development is inevitable. It is the stoltsy who lead the backward country to civilization while the Oblomovs are lying on the couch. But in a conversation with a friend, Ilya Ilyich gives a surprisingly accurate and accurate assessment of the world of industrialists, where Stolz is persistently trying to introduce him. He calls merchants dead, sleeping people who only imitate activity, interest, stormy activity, through which hopeless boredom peeps through.

So what is Oblomovism? This concept is much broader than it seems at first glance. It includes the entire patriarchal way of Russian life with its laziness, idleness, drowsiness combined with kindness, love, poetry. In addition, the prosperous working and cultural life of the Shtol residents is a modernized bourgeois version of Oblomovism. That is, this concept can be used to designate such a state in general, which stops in its development, focusing on personal interests, which means that it is defective.

Why are Stolz and Oblomov friends?

The idea of ​​the novel "Oblomov" arose towards the end of the 1850s, at the same time Goncharov published the chapter "Oblomov's Dream" in his "Literary collection with illustrations", which later became the compositional center of the work. The novel was published in full in 1859 in the journal Otechestvennye zapiski.

The entire work of Goncharov is built on an antithesis, which helped the author to better reveal the characters of the heroes, to reveal the author's intention. In the novel, the central characters are contrasted - Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and Andrei Ivanovich Stolts.

From the first pages of the novel, starting with the portraits of the characters, the reader notices the difference between them. The antipode of "flabby beyond his years", bored and apathetic Oblomov is Stolz, all composed "of bones, muscles and nerves", energetic and calculating. However, despite all the differences between the heroes, Oblomov and Stolz's friendship lasts for many years. What is the reason for the close friendship of the heroes?

The secret of the long friendship between Oblomov and Stolz, first of all, lies in the fact that the heroes are familiar from childhood. Goncharov shows how the years of childhood and general study bring such different characters closer together: "... they were connected by childhood and school - two strong springs." Drawing pictures of life in Oblomovka, the writer pays attention to the scenes of joint games of children and notes that Stolz was accepted as his own in the Oblomov family. Being by nature an inquisitive and active boy, Oblomov enjoys exploring the world around him with Stolz. According to Goncharov, it is the difference in upbringing that determines the different formation of characters. In the composition of "Oblomov's Dream" a great deal of attention is paid to the school years of the heroes: if Oblomov's parents left the child at home at every opportunity, pampered him, then Stolz's father taught Andrei to work and earn money from an early age, brought up diligence and dedication in him.

The relationship between Stolz and Oblomov persists into adulthood, remaining as trusting as in childhood. The reason for this is the ability to appreciate each other's best qualities. Stolz, despite Oblomov's apathy and laziness, saw in him his "pure", "crystal" soul. Oblomov, in turn, sincerely appreciates the best features of Stolz: efficiency, deep intelligence, decency. Escaping from real life into the wonderful world of dreams, Ilya Ilyich and the rational, all-controlling Andrey Stolts find in each other those qualities that they cannot reveal in themselves.

Friendship of heroes is based not only on mutual understanding and empathy, but also on mutual assistance. It is Stolz's arrival that brings variety to Oblomov's life, introduces him to Olga Ilyinskaya and thereby contributes to the transformation of Ilya Ilyich. In turn, only next to Oblomov does Stolz find peace of mind, calmness, can reflect on the meaning of life. In the episode of the dispute between the heroes (part 2, chapter 4), the worldview of each of them is revealed. On reflections of Oblomov about the meaninglessness and emptiness of social life and romantic dreams of life in the village, Stolz exclaims: "You're a poet, Ilya!" So Stolz recognizes the spiritual beauty, the loftiness of a friend.

The theme of friendship Goncharov in the novel "Oblomov" reveals the example of the relationship of two heroes, the characters and way of life are opposed to each other. However, the differences between Oblomov and Stolz are only external, since both heroes are individuals who are in constant search of their own “I”, but have not been able to fully reveal themselves and realize their full potential. The images of the heroes are dramatic, since neither the constantly active, calculating Stolz, nor Oblomov, who lives in illusions, find harmony between the two basic principles - rational and sensual. This leads to the death of Ilya Ilyich and the internal conflict of Stolz.

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HISTORY OF CREATION

As I. Goncharov himself recalled, the idea of ​​"Oblomov" came to him after the "Ordinary History" - the first novel of the writer - was published in 1847. In 1849 in the almanac "Literary collection with illustrations" at the journal "Sovremennik" was published "Oblomov's Dream. An episode from an unfinished novel. " The chapter appeared after Goncharov's trip to Simbirsk, where the patriarchal way of life and traditions are well preserved.

The inhabitants of the city inspired the writer to create the image of Oblomovka. The publication of Oblomov's Dream was a great success and attracted attention. However, it took the author more than ten years to write the entire novel. The work on the novel was not easy. Goncharov himself noted that the work is written slowly and hard. The travel of the writer on the frigate Pallada and the creation of travel sketches, which were published in 1858, also slowed down the work on the Oblomov. The novel was published in full in four issues of the journal Otechestvennye zapiski only in 1859 and brought the author wide fame, becoming his main work.

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GENRE AND COMPOSITION

Genre. Socio-psychological novel. Composition. The novel consists of four parts. The parts are divided into chapters. The first part is devoted to one day Oblomov, which he spends without getting up from the couch. Past this sofa, the author leads people, no better than Oblomov, showing the insignificance of secular vanity. This is an exposition of the novel - an acquaintance with the hero, the history of his childhood, the conditions that shaped him.

The second part tells about the love of Oblomov and Olga. An attempt is made to save the hero from Oblomovism. Oblomov is opposed by Stolz. The action develops and culminates in Oblomov's declaration of love.

The third part convinces the reader that Oblomov cannot sacrifice peace for the sake of love. Another heroine appears - Agafya Pshenitsyna. The fourth part echoes the first - the hero returns to his usual state (Oblomovism on the Vyborg side). There is a gradual approach to the end. Oblomov goes into hibernation again and then dies. The composition of the novel is circular: sleep - awakening - sleep.

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Ilya Ilyich Oblomov

Portrait. This is a handsome-looking young man. His features are calm, his body is rounded, delicate, his neck is white, his hands are plump and small. “He sits down, crosses his legs, props his head with his hand - he does everything so freely, calmly and beautifully.” Oblomov is sympathetic to the author (he largely copied his image from himself). Typical Russian gentleman. Comes from a noble family, smart and educated. Lives for pleasure: eats, drinks and sleeps. His ideal is peace and serenity. This is more important for the hero than always worrying about business, like Sudbinsky, dragging after women like the dandy Volkov, or writing accusatory articles, like the writer Penkin.

Oblomov is not attracted to either secular entertainment or a career - in them he sees nothing but vanity. And for the sake of hustle and bustle, you shouldn't get up off the couch and take off your cozy robe. The contemplator and dreamer never does anything himself - for this he has "Zakhar and three hundred more Zakharov". He only dreams of how wonderful he will arrange everything on his estate. Typical Russian character. A gentle and kind person with a sensitive heart and a "crystal soul". Impractical, irrational, not adapted to life, helpless in the face of problems. He is used and deceived by everyone, even the faithful servant Zakhar.

Oblomov himself severely judges himself for passivity and compares his soul with a treasure heaped with garbage. A painful question arises before him: "Why am I like this?" The answer is given in the chapter "Oblomov's Dream". Generalized national character. Oblomov's features are characteristic not only of the era that the novel reflects. His image is a national Russian character. Laziness, kindness, breadth of nature, complaisance, naivety, sensitivity, pure soul - all these are the historically formed qualities of the Russian person. The active rationalist Stolz does not take root in Russia, Oblomov is more organic for her.

Turgenev wrote: "... as long as there is at least one Russian left, they will remember Oblomov until then." Oblomovism. N. Dobrolyubov in the article "What is Oblomovism?" he called this phenomenon a disease of Russian society, which consists in idleness, irresistible laziness and inability for social activities. Oblomov is the last in a series of “superfluous people” (Onegin, Pechorin, Rudin) who could not find a use for themselves.

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OBLOMOV'S DREAM

History of creation. The chapter was written in 1849 and was a great success. Everyone was waiting for the entire novel to appear, but it was written in full much later. Goncharov called the chapter "the overture of the whole novel."

Artistic technique. A nostalgic dream about Ilyusha's childhood is the key to understanding the image of Oblomov - it reveals the origins and causes of Oblomovism, represents the environment, life and customs that formed the hero.

Oblomovka is an idyllic land where Oblomov was born and raised. It is presented as a promised land, as an island of happiness. Ilya grew up in the bosom of beautiful nature. The geography of this corner of the earth does not imply mountains - only plains surrounded by hills. There are no hours and minutes here. Time is associated with the concept of a circle, with the cycles of nature (spring is the birth of a person, summer is youth, autumn is old age, winter is death).

Peace of mind, peace and quiet - this is the atmosphere of this "primitive paradise". The reasons for Oblomovism, sweet idleness plunges the hero into hibernation. His excellent spiritual qualities are already buried in Oblomovka, they are killed by laziness and spiritual stagnation.

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ROLE OF THE PART IN THE ROMAN

Oblomov's robe. This is not just an artistic detail - the hero's favorite clothing is, in fact, an independent character. The robe is a symbol of Oblomovism. Taking off your robe means a drastic change in your life. The subject is described in detail: “How Oblomov's home suit went to his deceased features and to his pampered body! He was wearing a robe made of Persian fabric, a real oriental robe, without the slightest hint of Europe, without tassels, without velvet, without a waist, very roomy, so that Oblomov could wrap himself in it twice. " A cozy dressing gown reflects the character of its owner - this is Oblomov's double.

The hero wears a robe not only on his body - his mind and soul are also wrapped in such a robe. At the beginning of the novel, Oblomov lovingly wraps himself in his wide flaps. It is emphasized that he has been wearing a robe for a long time - just as long has he been wearing laziness and apathy in his soul. Thanks to his love for Olga, the hero wakes up, comes to life and forgets about the dressing gown. After breaking up with Olga, he lives in the house of Agafya Pshenitsyna, who not only took out a dressing gown, but also repaired it - darned it, removed the stains. Until the end of his life, Oblomov does not part with his beloved robe.

Lilac branch. The branch, torn off by Olga during their date with Oblomov and raised by the hero, helped the lovers understand each other's feelings. She became a symbol of their love and the possibility of changing their lives for the better. But just as the lilac fades, their love passes away. Lilac appears again at the end of the novel - it blooms on Oblomov's grave. Interior.

At first glance, everything in Oblomov's house is beautiful and rich: mahogany furniture, cozy sofas, screens with unprecedented birds and fruits, silk curtains, carpets, paintings, bronze, porcelain. But the back of the couch had a donkey, “cobwebs were scalloped along the walls,” you can make notes on the mirrors, expensive carpets are stained. If it were not for the owner himself, lying on the sofa, one would think that no one lives here - so everything faded, dusty and devoid of traces of human presence. There is last year's edition of the newspaper, and "from the inkwell, if you dip a feather in it, a frightened fly would erupt with a buzzing only."

This description resembles the dwelling of Gogol's Plyushkin. Perhaps, if not for the participation of the energetic Stolz, not for Olga's love, not for Agafya Pshenitsyna's care, Oblomov's fate would have been just as miserable.

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OBLOMOV AND STOLZ

Origin. Oblomov comes from an old noble family with patriarchal traditions. Both his grandfathers and his parents did nothing. Stolz is from a poor family: his father is a Russianized German, the manager of a rich estate, his mother is an impoverished noblewoman. Upbringing. Ilya was taught to be idle and calm. Labor in Oblomovka was a punishment. The family had a cult of food, and after a meal - a deep sleep.

Father taught Andryusha all practical sciences, instilled a love of work, perseverance, accuracy. Test by love. Oblomov needs maternal love - the kind that Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him. Stolz needs a woman of equal strength and views. His ideal is Olga. Characteristic. Heroes are complete antipodes. Stolz strives forward, he is not afraid of problems and failures, he is sure that he will achieve everything. His whole life is hard work.

The meaning of Oblomov's life is a dream. However, friends not only complement each other, but also need each other. Against the background of Andrei, Ilya is passive and helpless, but next to him the strong Stolz finds peace of mind.

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OLGA ILYINSKAYA AND AGAFIA PSHENITSYNA

Portrait. In Olga there is “no pretense, no coquetry, no lies, no tinsel< … >if it were turned into a statue, it would be a statue of grace and harmony. " In Agafya, a truly Russian beauty is noted: "the chest and shoulders shone with contentment and fullness, meekness and only economic solicitude shone in the eyes." She is kind and humble, an excellent hostess, caring and empathetic.

Origin. Olga is from the nobility, received an excellent education, has an extraordinary mind, strives for new knowledge. Agafya is from the people, she is not distinguished by education, she is very simple. Role in Oblomov's life. Olga's love is spiritualized, but selfish (she loves her efforts and efforts in Oblomov). He is tired of Olga's restless nature, she does not look like the woman of his dreams.

Olga made Oblomov get up from the couch, take off his robe, experience romantic love. Agafya's love is selfless and sacrificial. She accepted Oblomov for who he is, and did not try to change him. All his dreams have come true in her house.

Landowner Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. The main character is "a man of about thirty two or three years of age", lives in St. Petersburg, on Gorokhovaya Street, with his servant Zakhar, on the funds that Oblomovka estate brings. This is a man, “of a pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with a lack of any concentration in the features of his face. The thought walked like a free bird over the face, fluttered in the eyes, sat on half-open lips, hid in the folds of the forehead, then completely disappeared, and then an even light of carelessness glimmered in the whole face.

Ilya Ilyich is kind, but very lazy - he prefers to lie on the sofa in his favorite dressing gown. Lying for him "was not a necessity, like a sick person or a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like someone who is tired, nor pleasure, like a lazy one: this was his normal state" ...

Oblomov is in trouble. He received a letter from the headman from Oblomovka, complaining about a poor harvest and a decrease in income, and the owner of the apartment in which Oblomov lives, asks to release her. The hero should go to Oblomovka, solve the issue of moving to another apartment, but all this is for him
flour.

Visitors. Volkov, Sudbinsky, Penkin, Alekseev come to Oblomov in turn. They talk about themselves and invite them to the May Day festivities in Yekateringof. Oblomov refuses, inventing various reasons. Shining with health, Volkov is delighted with social life, he talks about a new tailcoat, about his love, brags about new gloves.

Sudbinsky, Oblomov's former colleague, has made a career and is going to marry the daughter of a state councilor with a large dowry. “And blind, and deaf, and dumb to everything else in the world. And he will come out in the people, will eventually turn about affairs and grabs ranks ... "- Oblomov thinks about him.

The writer Penkin wonders if Oblomov has read his article "on trade, on the emancipation of women, on the beautiful April days and on the newly invented composition against fires." The next visitor is Alekseev ("an impersonal allusion to the mass of people"). This is a man "with an indefinite physiognomy", "his presence will not give anything to society, just as absence will not take anything away from it."

Ilya Ilyich tells all the guests about his problems, but no one wants to advise him anything - everyone is busy with their own affairs.

Tarantiev. The fifth to come to Oblomov is his fellow countryman Tarantiev - a swindler and a scoundrel. He was “a man of a lively and cunning mind; no one can judge any general everyday question or legal confusing matter better than him< … >Meanwhile, he himself, as twenty-five years ago, decided to work in some office as a scribe, so in this position he lived to see his gray hair. It never occurred to him or anyone else that he would go higher. The fact is that Tarantiev was a master of only speaking ... ".

Alekseev and Tarantiev visit Oblomov all the time - they go to him "to drink, eat, smoke good cigars." But they irritate the hero. The only person close to him, about whom he remembers all the time, is Andrei Stolts. He should soon return from the trip. He could solve all Oblomov's problems.

Tarantiev scolds Oblomov for lying all the time, forcing him to go to the estate to put things in order there, and he offers to solve the issue of finding another apartment simply - to move to live with his godmother. Oblomov does not accept Tarantiev's advice. The guests leave.

Oblomov's life in St. Petersburg. At first, the hero was full of aspirations and dreamed of many things: about success in the service, about a role in society, about creating a family. He kept getting ready to start living, but did not make any progress towards his dreams.

Oblomov, brought up in an atmosphere of love and kindness, perceived the service as "some kind of family activity, like, for example, lazy writing down income and expenses in a notebook, as his father did."

He believed that the officials were "a friendly, close family, vigilantly concerned about mutual peace and pleasure, that visiting a public place is by no means an obligatory habit that must be adhered to every day, and that slush, heat, or simply unwillingness will always serve as sufficient and legitimate pretexts for not taking office. " But I realized that "it is necessary to be, at least, an earthquake, so as not to come to the service of a healthy official."

All this made him afraid and bored. So Oblomov served for two years. Once he sent a dispatch to Arkhangelsk instead of Astrakhan. Frightened, he went home - said sick, and then resigned altogether. With women, Ilya Ilyich limited himself to "worship from afar."

Oblomov “every day more and more firmly settled in his apartment. At first it became difficult for him to be dressed all day; then he was too lazy to dine at a party, except for short acquaintances, there are more single houses where you can take off your tie, unbutton your vest and where you can even “lie around” or sleep for an hour. ” Soon he got tired of it.

Only Stolz managed to get Oblomov out of the house, but Stolz was often absent.

Until the age of fifteen, Ilya Ilyich studied at a boarding school, "if necessary, he sat upright in the classroom, listened to what the teachers said, because nothing else could be done, and with difficulty, with sweat, with sighs, he learned the lessons he was being asked." Reading tired him, only "the poets touched him to the quick." During the reading, "no matter how interesting the place at which he stopped, but if an hour of lunch or sleep caught him at this place, he would put the book with the cover up and go to dinner or put out the candle and go to bed." As a result, his head "was like a library, consisting of some scattered volumes on different parts of knowledge."

Zakhar. Oblomov's servant is over fifty years old. He is grumpy, unkempt and awkward. It's fun to watch how Zakhar argues with the owner over every little thing, and he constantly reproaches the servant for slovenliness and laziness. Zakhar is rude and cheating (takes change from purchases), but loyal to the master.

"He would not have thought to burn or drown for him, not counting this a feat worthy of respect or any awards." Zakhar nursed little Oblomov. “Just as Ilya Ilyich could neither get up, nor go to bed, nor be combed and shod, nor dine without Zakhar's help, so Zakhar did not know how to imagine another master, besides Ilya Ilyich, other existence, how to dress, feed him, be rude to him, to dissemble, lie and at the same time inwardly revere him. "

Doctor visit. The skirmish between Ilya Ilyich and Zakhar is interrupted by the arrival of the doctor, who, after listening to Oblomov's complaints, warns that if he does not change his lifestyle, then in a couple of years he will have a stroke.

All the problems that befell Oblomov at once plunge him into anxious reflections. He "painfully felt that there was buried in him, like in a grave, some good, light beginning, like gold in the bowels of a mountain." But this treasure is "deeply and heavily littered with rubbish, superficial rubbish." "However ... it would be interesting to know ... why am I ... like this?" The hero asks himself. Bitter reflections upset Oblomov, but "sleep stopped the slow and lazy stream of his thoughts."

Oblomov's dream. The hero sees in a dream his childhood, parents, a carefree life in his beloved Oblomovka. He is seven years. He wakes up in his crib. The nanny dresses him up, leads him to his mother. All households shower the boy with affection and praise.

After that, he is fed with buns, croutons and cream. Then the mother lets Ilya go for a walk with a strict order to the nanny not to leave the child alone and not to let him into the ravine - the most dangerous place in the neighborhood. The day in Oblomovka passes slowly. The father sits at the window and watches everything that happens in the yard.

For three hours the mother talks with the tailor how to alter Ilya's jacket from her husband's sweatshirt, then she goes to watch the apples pour in the garden.

The most important concern is lunch, after which everyone sleeps (the coachman is in the stable, the gardener is under a bush in the garden, etc.), the Nanny tells Ilya terrible tales, in which not the hero's bravery, but the help of a good sorceress, leads to a happy ending.

The grown-up Ilya Ilyich realized “that there are no honey and milk rivers, there are no good sorceresses,” but “his fairy tale has mixed with life, and he sometimes unconsciously saddens, why a fairy tale is not life, but life is not a fairy tale”. Oblomov “pulls in the direction where they only know that they are walking, where there are no worries and sorrows; he will forever have the disposition to lie on the stove, walk around in a ready-made, unearned dress and eat at the expense of a good sorceress. "

Ilya is also dreaming about his German neighbor Stolz, to whom the boy went to study. Ilya is inseparable from his son, Andryusha.

Prieed Stolz. While the master is asleep, Zakhar talks about him with the janitor, women and footmen, then tries to wake Oblomov. Andrei Stolts, who has just arrived, watches with a laugh the scene of his friend arguing with Zakhar.

Andrey Stolts is a successful and hardworking person. He was “only half German, after his father: his mother was Russian; he professed the Orthodox faith; his natural speech was Russian. " From his father he received a strict German upbringing, from his mother he inherited tenderness and kindness.

When Stolz graduated from the university, his father did not allow him to live at home and sent his son to St. Petersburg. The same age as Oblomov, Stolz grew up with him, then served, retired, made a house and money. Participates in a company that sends goods abroad. "It is all composed of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blood English horse."

Stolz, a man with a strong character, considered himself happy and stubbornly walked along the chosen path. He had a happy childhood with Oblomov.

Stolz often took a break from business and drove to a friend in order to "sit on a wide sofa and in a lazy conversation take away and calm down an anxious or tired soul." Stolz is characterized by constant activity, but he did not have unnecessary actions; "He controlled sorrows and joys, like the movement of the hands, like the steps of the feet, or how he dealt with bad and good weather."

Stolz is trying to change Oblomov's life. Andrey is outraged by his friend's lifestyle and is trying to stir him up - he takes him out into the world. They make visits for a whole week. Oblomov gets tired of the unusual fuss and tells Stolz that he doesn't like this kind of life.

And when asked which one he likes, he formulates his ideal, actually retelling his own dream. He would like to live in the village with his wife. To live the way his fathers and grandfathers lived in Oblomovka: to dream, admire nature, have a delicious dinner, and in the evenings listen to the aria "Casta diva" in the living room. Stolz does not understand this ideal: "Some ... Oblomovism."

He is going to take his friend abroad with him in two weeks, but for now he promises to introduce Oblomov to Olga Ilyinskaya, who perfectly sings his favorite aria.

Oblomov question. Acquaintance with Olga Ilyinskaya. The next day, Ilya Ilyich woke up in alarm. He is tormented by the words of a friend about Oblomovism; “He grabbed a pen, pulled a book out of the corner and in one hour wanted to read, write and change his mind everything that he hadn’t read, wrote and did not change his mind in ten years.

What should he do now? Go ahead or stay? " Solving this Oblomov question was the most important thing in the world for him. “Going forward means suddenly throwing off a wide robe not only from your shoulders, but also from your soul, from your mind; together with dust and cobwebs from the walls, sweep the cobwebs from your eyes and see! " He was almost ready for decisive action, "he was about to get up from the chair, but did not immediately hit the shoe with his foot and sat down again."

Having introduced Oblomov to Olga Ilyinskaya, Stolz went abroad, taking the word from a friend that he would come to him in Paris. The passport was ready and ordered
traveling coat, and acquaintances - some with laughter, some with fright - discussed Oblomov's departure. But the day before he was bitten by a fly - his lip was swollen, and this was the reason to postpone the departure. Oblomov did not leave either after a month or three. Oblomov does not respond to Stolz's "frantic letters." Now he lives in the country, reads. “There is no sleep, no fatigue, no boredom on my face.

Even colors appeared on him, glitter in his eyes, something like courage or, at least, self-confidence. The robe is not to be seen on him. " And the reason for everything is Olga, for whom he felt love.

Oblomov and Olga. Meeting in the park, explanations, excitement and hope - the happy heroes are overwhelmed with wonderful feelings.

Olga lives with her aunt. It was a house “where everything was a little prim, where not only would they not offer to take a nap after dinner, but where it’s even inconvenient to put your legs on your feet, where you have to be freshly dressed, remember what you’re talking about - in a word, you can neither doze off nor go down” ... Stolz thought that if "to bring the presence of a young, pretty, intelligent, lively and partly mocking woman into Oblomov's sleepy life, it would be like bringing a lamp into a gloomy room, from which an even light would spill over all the dark corners."

But Stolz did not foresee that this acquaintance would change the lives of the heroes. Olga feels a change in herself - thanks to the outbreak of feelings for Oblomov, she looks at life differently. Ilya Ilyich thinks that Olga is cold to him and stops visiting her.

He wants to go to the city and return to his old way of life. Zakhar, accidentally meeting Olga, innocently informs her about Oblomov's condition, about his desire to leave for the city. She, through Zakhara, makes an appointment for Ilya in the park and, when she meets, makes it clear to Oblomov about the seriousness of her feelings.
,,, XII

The development of relations between Olga and Oblomov. Heroes often meet in the park. Olga struggles with Ilya Ilyich's apathy with all her might - she takes him on walks, does not let him sleep, makes him read, attend concerts.

Oblomov does everything to please Olga: “I wrote several letters to the village, changed the headman and entered into relations with one of the neighbors through Stolz. He would even go to the village if he considered it possible to leave Olga. He hasn’t had dinner, and for two weeks now he hasn’t known what it means to lie down during the day. ” They both have a deep feeling.

Once Oblomov woke up gloomy - he does not believe that Olga can love him, because, in his opinion, people like him cannot be loved. He writes to her in a letter that he is breaking off relations with her. Olga reads the letter and cries, and Ilya Ilyich observes this, hiding. He sees her tears and asks for forgiveness - everything returns to its place. Summer ends. Lovers see each other every day. Oblomov enjoys happiness and one day makes Olga an offer, which she accepts.

Love and the housing issue. Tarantyev comes to Oblomov and demands that he pay for an apartment rented on the Vyborg side. Ilya Ilyich recalls that on the day of moving to the dacha, he signed a contract without looking, which Tarantiev slipped him into.

Oblomov in love does not want to think about business - he goes to Olga, full of determination to announce to her aunt about the official proposal. But Olga does not let him in, believing that first he must finish things and decide where they will live after the wedding.

Oblomov goes to the Vyborg side, meets the owner of the apartment - Agafya Pshenitsyna, godfather of Tarantieva. “She was about thirty years old. She was very white and full in her face, so that blush, it seems, could not break through her cheeks. "

Oblomov unsuccessfully tries to explain to the owner that he does not need an apartment. Agafya seems to him a narrow-minded but pleasant woman (“She has a simple but pleasant face< … >must be a kind woman! "). Oblomov does not succeed in settling the housing issue, because her brother Mukhoyarov is engaged in business, who does not want to miss the profit.

Moving Oblomov to the Vyborg side. At the end of August, Olga moved from her dacha to a city apartment, and Oblomov was forced to settle on the Vyborg side, in the house of Agafya Pshenitsyna. He already manages to evaluate the hostess's pies, and Mukhoyarov demands to pay the entire amount for the apartment. Oblomov wants to announce to everyone his intention to marry, but Olga asks first to settle matters in Oblomovka.

Oblomov lives with Pshenitsyna, goes to Olga's house to dine. Their dates are becoming less and less frequent. Oblomov himself no longer believes that he recently wanted to marry.

Oblomov and Olga are less and less common. One day Olga sends a letter to Oblomov, making an appointment. The heroes meet in secret: they have been gossiping about them for a long time, but there is still no official proposal. Now Olga convinces Oblomov to talk about their relationship with her aunt, and he asks to postpone the conversation until all problems are resolved.

Olga calls Ilya Ilyich to come to them tomorrow for lunch. But the hero is afraid of gossip. He writes to Olga that he has caught a cold and will not be able to come. Winter is coming, and Oblomov has not yet been with Olga.

Olga's last attempt. Ilya Ilyich spends time at home with Pshenitsyna and her children - Masha and Vanya. He did not dare to go to Olga, saying that he was sick. Olga, disdaining secular decency, herself comes to Oblomov. Seeing her, the hero perked up. He's happy again.

Mukhoyarov's insidiousness. Oblomov receives a letter from the village from a neighbor to whom he wanted to transfer the management of his estate by proxy. The neighbor refuses to help (he has a lot of things to do) and warns that Oblomov will face big losses.

The hero is upset: it is impossible to marry, you have to go to Oblomovka yourself. He also hesitates to borrow money. Mukhoyarov advises hiring a manager so as not to go to the village, and offers Mr. Zatertoy, his colleague, for this position.

Oblomov likes this proposal. Mukhoyarov thanks Tarantyev for Oblomov, who is so easy to cheat. Zapped will now start pumping money out of Oblomovka under the guise of an honest manager. Mukhoyarov is delighted with the naivety and credulity of his tenant.

A break up. Oblomov tells Olga that he found the estate manager, and now they have to wait a year before the wedding until everything is settled. Olga wonders how Oblomov could entrust affairs to a stranger. She has bitterness in her soul, she is disappointed that he does not want to do anything himself, that he is lazy and that it is impossible to change it.

At the end of the conversation, she becomes ill. When she wakes up, she says: “The stone would come to life from what I did. Now I will not do anything, not a step, I will not even go to the Summer Garden: everything is useless - you are dead! I only found out recently that I loved in you what I wanted to be in you, what Stolz pointed out to me, what we invented with him. I loved the future Oblomov! Who cursed you, Ilya? You are kind, smart, gentle, noble ... and ... you are perishing! What killed you? There is no name for this evil ... "Oblomov replies:" There is< … >Oblomovism! "

The heroes break off relations. Oblomov comes home, from the experience he has a fever. Zakhar puts on him a robe darned by Agafya Pshenitsyna - the same one that he wanted to throw away when he met Olga.

A year has passed since Oblomov's break with Olga Ilyinskaya. Ilya Ilyich came to his senses. To the delight of Agafya Pshenitsyna, "Oblomov, seeing the participation of the hostess in his affairs, once suggested that she, as a joke, take all the worries about his food upon herself and save him from all the trouble." He gets closer to Agafya - it is comfortable and cozy with her.

She sees the meaning of her life in giving him peace and comfort, "it became her pleasure." Oblomov pays attention to the widow and even offers to go with him to the village. Zaterty sent the money received from the sale of bread, but he could not collect the rent, as he informed Oblomov in a letter. But he was pleased with the amount sent.

Stolz at Oblomov's. Summer. Oblomov celebrates his name day. Stolz comes to see him. He tells a friend that Olga, after breaking up with him, left for Switzerland. She asked Stolz not to leave Oblomov - to bother him in every possible way, so that he “would not die at all, would not be buried alive”. Stolz learns that Oblomov's income from the estate has fallen, he realizes that the manager is cheating him. He kicks him out and takes matters into his own hands.

Mukhoyarov's scam. The next day Tarantiev and Mukhoyarov meet. They are upset that Stolz revealed their scam, destroyed the power of attorney for Zatortoy and took Oblomovka himself on lease. They are afraid that he will find out that the rent was actually collected, and that the money of Tarantyev, Mukhoyarov and Zaterty was divided among themselves.

Mukhoyarov has a new plan: he wants to blackmail Oblomov with his relationship with Pshenitsyna and demand from the hero an IOU for ten thousand in her name. Mukhoyarov wants to accuse Oblomov of indecent behavior and extract money from him.

Olga and Stolz. The chapter tells about what happened between Olga and Stolz before Stolz appeared at Oblomov's. They met by chance in Paris, then became close. Olga told Andrey the love story of her and Oblomov. Stolz was glad that Olga's lover was not someone else, namely Oblomov. He proposes to Olga.

A year and a half has passed. Stolz visits Oblomov again. Ilya Ilyich is flabby, he began to drink, his robe has worn even more. He became impoverished. Pshenitsyna's brother carried out his plan - he did not leave money to Oblomov or his sister. Now Agafya, in order to feed Oblomov, began to pawn her things.

Andrei, seeing the pitiful situation of his friend, pushes him against the wall and learns about the loan letter, which he signed. Stolz demands a receipt from Agafya Matveyevna that Oblomov owes her nothing. She signs the paper. Stolz is going to punish the swindler Mukhoyarov.

He turns to the chief of Mukhoyarov, and the swindler is deprived of his post. Ilya Ilyich breaks off relations with Tarantiev. Stolz tries to take Oblomov away, but he plaintively asks to wait only a month.

Several years pass. Olga and Stolz live in Odessa, they already have children. They are surprised at their happiness, not understanding why it fell to their lot. "Years passed, and they did not get tired of living." Stolz "is deeply happy with his filled, exciting life, in which unfading spring bloomed."

Together with Olga, he often recalls Oblomov and is going to visit a friend in St. Petersburg.

Several years pass. Ilya Ilyich still lives with Agafya Matveyevna. He also made his dream come true - now everything in his life resembles the old Oblomovka. He “ate appetizingly and a lot, as in Oblomovka, walked and worked lazily and little, as in Oblomovka.

Despite the growing summer, he carelessly drank wine, currant vodka and slept even more carelessly and for a long time after dinner. " There is order and abundance in the house of Ilya Ilyich. He and Agafya have a three-year-old son named after Stolz Andryusha.

Once Oblomov's serene life was interrupted by an apoplectic stroke. Agafya left him, and this time everything ended well. Stolz, who arrived, was amazed at how hopelessly his friend got stuck in a swamp of apathy and laziness. He makes one last attempt to take Ilya Ilyich away. But Oblomov refuses.

Stolz says that Olga is waiting for him in the carriage, she wants to enter. But Oblomov asks Andrei not to let her into the house and leave him forever. His last request, addressed to Stolz: "Do not forget my Andrey!" Stolz returns to his wife, she wants to enter the house, but he does not let her. "What's going on there?" - asks Olga. Stolz answers in one word: "Oblomovism!"

Another five years passed. Agafya has been widowed for three years already - Oblomov died. A year after meeting with Stolz, Oblomov suffered a second apoplectic stroke. He outlived it, but weakened, began to eat little, became silent and thoughtful. Nobody saw Oblomov's last minutes. He died "without pain, without suffering, as if a clock that had forgotten to wind had stopped."

Agafya has lost the meaning of life. The years spent with Oblomov shed a quiet light on her entire life. She had nowhere to go and nothing more to desire. Her son from his first marriage completed the course of science and entered the service, her daughter got married, Andryusha was asked to be raised by Stoltsy.

Agafya often visits him, and she lives with her brother's family. Mukhoyarov, with the help of all sorts of tricks, entered the same place, and everything in the house became as before the appearance of Oblomov. Agafya Pshenitsyna refused to receive income from Oblomovka - she told Stolz that he should keep this money for Andryusha, "he is a master, and I will live like that."

The fate of Zakhar. Once Stolz with a friend-writer walked past the church. The mass ended, the people poured out of the temple, and in front of all the beggars. In one beggar old man, Stolz recognized Oblomov's former servant - Zakhar. In the Pshenitsyna's house, where her brother and his family settled again, Zakhar did not find a place. He tried to get a job with the new masters, but the old stupid lackey was quickly expelled from everywhere. So Zakhar became a beggar.

Stolz invited Zakhar to live in his village, but Zakhar refused - he did not want to leave the grave of his master. “I don’t want to go from here, from the grave! Such a gentleman was taken away by the Lord! To the joy of people he lived, he would live for a hundred years ”- laments Zakhar.

The writer is interested in the history of Zakhar and his master. Stolz regrets the fate of Oblomov (he was no more stupid than others, his soul is pure and clear like glass; noble, gentle, and - he was gone! "). And Stolz tells the writer a story about which the reader already knows from this novel),

4.2 / 5. 32

1. What things have become a symbol of "Oblomovism"?

The robe, slippers and a sofa became the symbols of Oblomovism.

2. What turned Oblomov into an apathetic couch potato?

Laziness, fear of movement and life, inability to practice, substitution of vague dreaminess for life turned Oblomov from a man into an appendage of a dressing gown and a divan.

3. What is the function of Oblomov's sleep in I.A. Goncharov Oblomov?

The chapter "Oblomov's Dream" depicts the idyll of a patriarchal baptismal village, in which only such Oblomov could grow. Oblomovtsy are shown as sleeping heroes, and Oblomovka as a sleepy kingdom. The dream shows the conditions of Russian life that gave rise to "Oblomovism".

4. Can Oblomov be called "an extra person"?

ON THE. Dobrolyubov noted in the article "What is Oblomovism?" But the "extra people" of the previous literature were surrounded by a kind of romantic halo, seemed to be strong people, distorted by reality. Oblomov is also "superfluous", but "brought from a beautiful pedestal to a soft sofa." A.I. Herzen said that the Onegins and Pechorins treat Oblomov as fathers treat children.

5. What is the peculiarity of the composition of the novel by I.A. Gon-Charova "Oblomov"?

The composition of the novel by I.A. Goncharov's "Oblomov" is characterized by the presence of a double storyline - Oblomov's novel and Stolz's novel. Unity is achieved through the image of Olga Ilyinskaya, who connects both lines. The novel is built on the contrast of images: Oblomov - Stolz, Olga - Pshenitsyna, Zakhar - Anisya. The entire first part of the novel is an extensive exposition, introducing the hero into adulthood.

6. What role does I.A. Goncharov's "Oblomov" epilogue?

The epilogue tells about the death of Oblomov, which made it possible to trace the entire life of the hero from birth to the end.

7. Why is a morally pure, honest Oblomov dying morally?

The habit of getting everything from life, without putting any effort into it, developed apathy and inertia in Oblomov, made him a slave to his own laziness. Ultimately, this is the culprit of the serf system and the domestic upbringing it engendered.

8. As in the novel by I.A. Goncharov's "Oblomov" shows the complex relationship between slavery and lordship?

Serfdom corrupts not only masters, but also slaves. An example of this is the fate of Zakhar. He is as lazy as Oblomov. During the life of the master, he was content with his position. After Oblomov's death, Zakhar has nowhere to go - he becomes a beggar.

9. What is Oblomovism?

"Oblomovism" is a social phenomenon that consists in laziness, apathy, inertia, contempt for work and an all-consuming desire for peace.

10. Why was Olga Ilyinskaya's attempt to revive Oblomov not successful?

Falling in love with Oblomov, Olga tries to re-educate him, break his laziness. But his apathy deprives her of faith in the future Oblomov. Oblomov's laziness was higher and stronger than love.

Stolz is hardly a good guy. Although, at first glance, this is a new, progressive person, active and active, but there is in him something of a machine, always dispassionate, rational. He is a schematized, unnatural person.

12. Describe Stolz from the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov".

Stolz is the antipode of Oblomov. He is an active, active person, a bourgeois businessman. He is adventurous, always striving for something. The outlook on life is characterized by the words: "Labor is an image, content, element and goal of life, at least mine." But Stolz is not capable of experiencing strong feelings, he emanates from the calculation of each step. The image of Stolz is artistically more schematic and declarative than the image of Oblomov.

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The novel Oblomov, a genius for its time, published by Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov in 1859, and today makes us think about the moral, social, philosophical issues of life. Each person is responsible for his life and destiny - this is how the main idea of ​​this literary work can be formulated. One of the main characters, designed to bring the reader to understanding the idea of ​​the novel, is the image of Stolz. He "sets off" the image of the main character of Oblomov's story in his tireless struggle to save him. At the same time, the author endows Stolz with living features of the human personality, which allows him to look deeper into his soul and understand the motives of his actions.

The appearance of Andrei Ivanovich Stolz

From the very first appearance on the pages of a great work, the reader can quite accurately "outline" the portrait of Stolz in the novel "Oblomov". This character is resolutely the opposite of Oblomov in everything. He is active, mobile, devoid of bouts of depression and blues.

Before the reader, Stolz appears in 2 parts of the work (third chapter). After a long absence, our character visited Oblomov and found his friend lying on the couch. Andrei without hesitation showed an active participation in the position of Ilya Ilyich, trying to shake off the blues that had overcome his friend.

Incentive motives

Every action has a motive. Andrei Ivanovich's behavior follows from his characteristics, given by the author of the work. The image of Stolz was briefly characterized by Gocharov himself: “The leading role in life belongs to the 'new force' - the energetic businessman Stolz. He wins, the future belongs to him. "

What makes Andrey try to save Oblomov? First of all, love and affection for your friend. He is sincerely, caringly interested in his health. Realizing that being on the couch is not due to physical, but due to spiritual weakness, he considers it necessary to change the way of life of Ilya Ilyich. He acts according to beliefs about what a person's life should be - such is the real portrait of Stolz.

Childhood friends

Based on the narrative, the heroes have been friends since childhood. Andrei is used to behaving with Ilya like a senior with a junior. Stolz remembers that in his youth Oblomov, having thrown off his sleepy veil, was no stranger to poetry, so he hopes for the success of his "educational" influence. At first, one gets the impression that Andrei's indefatigable nature is gaining the upper hand over Oblomov's passivity. In fact, Andrei Ivanovich, thanks to his ebullient energy, outwardly managed to move his friend from his place, but internally it was the same Oblomov.

and Stolz

Both comrades, although they had been friends since childhood, were completely different in character and attitude towards life. Stolz loved to “move around” in society, make contacts, he was a business man. Oblomov was a couch potato, he loved to be alone and to do "self-digging".

The portrait of Stolz and the portrait of Oblomov were so different from each other that the author could not ignore the theme of the main characters. Once Ilya Ilyich "rebelled" against the role imposed by Stolz, this was the beginning of a psychological confrontation between his friends. What was Andrei Stolts thinking during his famous conversation with Oblomov, what was his inner monologue? Did he inwardly agree with his friend when he uttered an emotional tirade about the emptiness and vanity of public life?

Rather yes. He does not interrupt Oblomov and objects to him rather sluggishly, which slightly violates the usual image of Stolz in the novel: "This is all old - they talked about it a thousand times." He even asks Ilya to continue developing his thought and awards him the title of philosopher. Having invited Oblomov to draw an ideal lifestyle, Stolz pushes him to confession, giving examples of the wonderful deeds of his youth. Thus, he wants to ensure that Ilya came to the idea of ​​the need to change his life.

The image of Andrei Stolz is characterized by his incredible determination. Touched by Oblomov's confession, he is even more convinced of the need for his help and exclaims: "I will not leave you." And only when Ilya Ilyich began to draw new obstacles on the path of action, Stolz realizes that it is necessary to act decisively and firmly. "Now or never" - this is his ultimatum.

Attitude to the love of Olga and Oblomov

Having gone abroad and leaving Oblomov in Olga's care, Stolz does not think of the possibility of a romance between them. Much later, when Olga confesses to him her past love for Oblomov, Stolz will not attach importance to her first feeling. Why? No, this is not wounded pride - this is not the portrait of Stolz - rather, an underestimation of the personality of Ilya Ilyich, the inability to grasp the subtle, gentle, pure that is in his soul and is capable of evoking a woman's response.

In the fourth part of the novel, the protagonist "fell asleep" in Pshenitsyna's house, eventually becoming her husband. Time seemed to turn back, as if returning Ilya Ilyich to his native Oblomovka. Stolz is still not indifferent to Oblomov's fate. Arriving in the city, a friend visited Ilya.

How did Andrei feel during a meeting with a friend? He talks to Ilya, rather, like a wise teacher with a careless student. His thoughts are occupied by Olga, but, of course, he does not confess to Oblomov his feelings for her. Nevertheless, he is the first to talk about Olga, because he wants to talk about this girl. He understands that Oblomov, who was carried away by Olga, could not follow Stolz and come to Paris, and excuses him.

Save a friend

The portrait of Stolz in the novel Oblomov is endowed with the traits of a strong personality, setting complex tasks and striving to fulfill them. Waking Oblomov at least for some activity is his task, so he scares his friend with terrible diseases that will certainly come if he does not change his habits. But that doesn't help. In addition, his pride encourages him to act more and more energetically: after all, he made a promise to Olga to save Oblomov. How could he not fulfill her request!

When Andrei realized that because of his negligence, Ilya was also robbed, he, a man of the business world who knows how to count money, is extremely outraged. He's thrilled. This is also evidenced by his plasticity: "... I threw up my hands with this story." Then he turns to his comrade in an orderly tone and "almost forcibly" takes Oblomov to his place in order to settle everything. Emotionally, the scene is built up by the author on an ascending basis. An inexperienced reader has the right to hope that now Ilya will obey his friend, go to the village, and everything will be fine. But Goncharov, faithful to the truth of characters, leads his heroes in a different way. The purposeful and strong image of Stolz could not change Oblomov's weak and weak-willed image.

Stolz's practicality defines the foundations of his worldview. The hero of the novel is portrayed as a sober realist, in whose soul "there was no place for a dream, enigmatic, mysterious." Things that were not subject to his awareness were in his eyes a kind of optical illusion. Perhaps a total misunderstanding of the character and thoughts of a friend prevented Andrei from "becoming the messiah."

Unfallen Oblomov

The characterization of Oblomov and Stolz is especially clearly traced towards the end of the narrative. Without waiting for Oblomov in the village, Stolz visits his friend again. He is amazed not only by the appearance of Ilya Ilyich, but also by the situation that surrounds him. Almost immediately, it comes to Olga. Knowing people and having enough life experience, Andrey is excited and touched by how Ilya is sincerely happy about the happiness of his friends. He all the more wants to snatch this lazy man with a beautiful soul from a gray wretched environment. Andrei tries to disturb his soul, evoke exciting memories of the past, but Oblomov resolutely cuts him down: "No, Andrei, no, don't remember, don't move, for God's sake!"

Then Stolz undertakes to captivate him with a description of the wonderful changes that have taken place in Oblomovka, as well as the opportunity to equip a new house according to his taste. But even this leaves Oblomov indifferent. Stolz is silent, discouraged, does not know how to proceed. Observing an intoxicated friend, he tries to understand why, given sufficient funds, Ilya is surrounded by such poverty. Finally it seems to him that he is close to the solution, and then he begins to act. Using his will, knowledge and connections, Stolz again saves Oblomov from lack of money.

5 years later

After five years, Goncharov draws for us the last and most dramatic meeting of friends. Of course, Stolz doubts that he can resurrect Oblomov. And yet he considers it his duty to pull him out of the "hole" into a more dignified and decent life. Supported by his wife, he intends, almost by force, to put Oblomov in a carriage and take him away. He was ready to meet the resistance of Ilya, but he was not ready to accept the news that his friend was married to Agafya Matveyevna and had a son: "An abyss suddenly opened before him ..."

Andrei Ivanovich knows nothing about what a deep and strong feeling lives in the chest of Pshenitsyna, a simple and undeveloped woman. He is silent for a long time, not answering Olga's persistent questions, deeply shocked by the loss of a friend.

What is the true image of Stolz?

It is not so easy to answer briefly the question of who Stolz is. Despite the abundance of positive epithets, this person is not perfect. His excessive practicality made it difficult to discern in Oblomov not just an apathetic, at times weak-willed and lazy friend, but a philosopher, a man with a fine mental organization, capable of loving and falling in love with himself. The author of the novel did not fail to emphasize the excessive dryness of Andrei Ivanovich. His activities were limited to the framework of personal well-being. However, he wanted to help Oblomov sincerely, without hidden implications.

The portrait of Stolz, according to the thinkers of that time, is close to the ideal. To shake up the country, just such "stolts" were required. Dobrolyubov noted that the country needs a type of public figure who would actively fight against "Oblomovism" in all spheres of life.

Stolz - Goncharov's positive hero - is sharply opposed to Oblomov. The very social environment surrounding the future "merchant and tourist", the conditions and methods of his upbringing and education are fundamentally different from Oblomov's. Stolz is not a dreamer. He is, first of all, a "business man". But this, however, does not prevent him from striving "for a balance of practical aspects with the high needs of the spirit."