Famous chanson France. French singers and singers, famous to the world
Born on stage cabaret, chanson and today remains a unique national way in confidence and vividly talking with a listener about the urgent and main
In the early 2000s, when the rise of the FM Station "Radio Chanson" began, the Russian intellectual was diagnosed with the use of a familiar and beloved word not for its intended purpose. Over the next 11 years, legitimization of the genre, first honestly called the "Bloom Song" or simply "Blatnik," was accomplished: the protests were subsidized, "Russian chanson" became one of the indisputable realities of the country's cultural landscape. And yet, before this thorough triumph, there was a whole century, during which the word "chanson" and for the Russian ear sounded completely different music.
What this word itself is Chanson - and then simply "song", everyone knows. It is less known that the modern French chanson, who in the 20th century, one of the main symbols of the country's culture, traces its pedigree from the Middle Ages. The point of reference is the creativity of the pipes who sing poets of the late XI - the beginning of the XIV century, especially the great Guillaume de Masho, who was very appreciated by the author of "Canterbury" Jeffrey Choseer, and the contemporaries were called no other than the "God of Harmony". However, that Chanson had his own, rather complicated, canon and the current consists, to put it mildly, in indirect related relationships.
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1. Nice, February 1974: Jacques Brel on the filming of the film Denis Era, named completely in the spirit of the famous song of Russian chanson Vysotsky about "Don't worry, I didn't go": "Jacques Brel is alive, healthy and lives in Paris." Brel, Belgian and a thin poet, became one of the French chanson icons - a unique genre, in which the talent of the poem and the limiting charismatic sincerity of the rock star is equally in demand |
Chanson, who we know, formed at the end of the last century in the walls of the Cabaret Tempikov. Then there not only danced Kankan, but also sang. And at the same time, the main principle of Chansson was undertaken: this is a song performed by the author, as a rule, in a chamber room, a song in which music is inseparable with text, usually plot. Chanson became the song embodiment of the "ideal gallic character" - a romantic and explosive, ulcer and maximalist, sensitive to any injustice.
The first chanson in our current understanding was Aristide Burian (1851-1925) and Myshengett (1875-1956). The first, artistic slacker with Montmartre, sang on the Paris Argo caustic anti-bourgeois songs, went to the scene in a spectacular "CIDE": a velvet jacket, black pants, refilled in high boots, on the neck red scarf. So I was depicted on the bills of Toulouse-Lotrek (and the collections of his songs illustrated the theophile filler, the artist is not from the latter). The pseudonym the second, no matter how funny, was originally "English-speaking" (Miss Tengett), but, sprinkling in one word, sounded francophone. Beautiful daughter of the motherboard and dressmakers, she began with a humorous song, starred in the cinema, performed on one stage with Jean Gaben, sang in a couple with Maurice Chevalé (they were 10 years old lovers), and in connection with the parting with him, Mon Homme, And this song remained in the history of Chanson forever. It was she invented headdresses from feathers, which is also famous for Moulin Rouge. Mistergett died in 80 years, and from the stage went to 75.
The Jazz's era changed the French song, which in Pre-war Paris personified Charles Tren, who spoke in a duet with Jazz Pianist Johnny Hess. The manner of Tren looks something completely new: he brings to the French musical hall of the Rhythms of Jazz and Gagi from American comedies. Still flesh from the Music Hall flesh, comedian, entertener, after the Second World Tren, with the mild, conquers America. And when in the 1990s Bernardo Bertolucci in the film "under the cover of heaven" requires musical paint, characterizing a happy pre-war life, the composer of the electronic century, Ryuti Sakamoto stops at Charlos Tren, on his famous Je Chante. After the war, Chanson becomes more serious. He no longer needs a comicing and beauty in feathers, he wants an honest conversation with a listener (or rather, a listener wants such a conversation). This poets and writers come to Chanson - Boris Wian, say, also chanson not from the latter, although it is known as a jazzman and the prose. In Belgia, Intraheert Jacques Brin arrives - the only nephrantsuz, which became one of the main icons of Chanson, a big poet, who wrote and lived on the gap of aorta. He is taken for the guitar Georges Brassens (during the war, fled from forced work in Germany, immediately after the anarchist became anarchist. He composes the songs and on other people's poems - and at whose: Francois Viyon, Pierre Cornel, Viktor Hugo! .. Imagine is not the fact that the current "Russian chanson", but at least the Soviet Bard, putting the poems of Trediakovsky or Derzhavin ... - No, It does not come out, not to submit such a degree of historical continuity of changing culture. All the roads of Russian chanson, alas, lead to the maximum of Esenin.
The world of chanson French is immensely diverse - and at the level of cultural ties, and at the level of persons. Jew Jean Ferra, whose father died in the fire of the Holocaust, an uncompromising defender of the working class, a convinced communist and at the same time a subtle stylist. Loves and songwriters herself Edith Piaf, Parisian Armenian Vakhnak Aznavurian, he is Charles Aznavour - gentle and artistic. He seems to be more relocated, than chanson, but still his own, it's still from here. Piaf, Piaff, "Paris Sparrow", legend and pain of France ... All of them - and many others - the people of Chanson, representatives of the single poetic sister fraternity, to which, with ease, the characters are adjacent to the generation of younger, seemingly inappropriate. The second Belgian in our history, the Italian on the blood of Salvator Adamo, for example. He was accused of recovery, until it became clear that Tombe La Neige was not just notes of the phenologist, but a song, a little inferior to the Great Brelas NE ME Quitte Pas. Serge Gensebur, "Brown Hooligan", which played "Marcelesu" in the rhythm of reggae, almost freak, "quasimodo", but the breakdown of female hearts, changing the Canon of the Love Chanson with his phrase Je T'aime ... Moi Non Plus ("I love you ... I also do not "), close in spirit and lifestyle (alcohol and Kururovo without a measure) rather to rockers, - and he also from the Brotherhood of Chanson.
Frames are moved increasingly. Today's chanson Benjaen Bjole uses electronics. Newly deceased mano solo, the finest poet, played punk rock. In the 1970s, no one occurred to the Nickname to Chanson, the main rock legend of France Johnny Hallidea - today it seems natural. In the new chance there are no stylistic restrictions, it absorbs Drum-n-Base and Bosanova, Rhythms of Latin America (as Dominica a) and Balkans (as a group of Têtes Raides). Emily Simon, for example, in general now sings in English and performs a canonical electroopop, but the fact that she is in French, it is chanson, and a point.
And the Russian chanson ... if anyone and remember here, the result is predictable: Okudzhava and Vysotsky. And not even that the first sang about Francois Wiyon, and the second translated the songs into French one of the main chanson 1970s, Maxim Le Fortie, - just they are on the quality of verse, the degree of sincerity and relevance, the distance between the author and the listener is closest to a french pattern. But even they are still another story. Chanson, "the property of the republic", inseparable from the culture of his country, in which philosophical trends were matured in a bistro, and the "New Wave" of the cinema was born behind the bar counter. This is an exceptionally gallic way to talk about life, love, politics, happiness and misfortune. And, no matter how the rhythms and fashion change, it will not disappear, until at least someone on this planet is expressing in French.
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Soviet Universities of the French Song
In 1972, the company "Melody" produced two monophonic vinyl records with the songs of French chanson under the general name "under the roofs of Paris." This collection was extremely representative - here were the songs of Ivette Hilber, Myshengett, Charles Tren, Jacques, Charles Azgorowa (in the photo at the top) and George Brassense. In the role of singers, they performed well-known here, first of all, as the actors Fernander and Burville. There was no 1970s in Moscow, no intelligent home, wherever it would be at least one of these plates.
With the word "chanson" some remember the thumbnails of the 90s, executed by our compatriots. However, what kind of new world occurs when the French chance is remembered! Nostalgia, joy, light sadness - that's what we feel, it dreamed of this touching music, which can be called immortal without exaggeration. What is the charm of such creations? Let's deal with the example of specific performers.
Aristide Brunet - It is considered one of the first chanson. In principle, it can be said that the prerequisites for the formation of the described genre originated in the Middle Ages. Then there were singing poets, which were quite subtly rejected on topical events. But Chanson in habitual understanding gave the world to the world with Montmartre - just that called Aristide Brune. It was difficult for this person to not pay attention - it hurts it standing out, leaving in spectacular clothes and dried anti-bourgeois songs. In the same spectacular, he was concerned about the bills from the theophily of Stanelen, who, by the way, was a very famous artist. Despite the brightness, he sang about the street poor, transmitting the most fully picture of the life of night Paris.
Mining - First chanson woman. Its creative path was very diverse and included the execution at the first pores of humorous songs, then there was a movie. It was made with such legends like Jean Gaben, Maurice Cheval. With the last woman connected and love relationships, after the end of which she gave the world the composition " MON HOMME" This song was destined to enter the story. And her famous hats from feathers are immortalized in Moulin Rouge. Yes, the French chanson has something in common and with cabaret besides medieval motifs! This is a surprising phenomenon - a poetic masterpiece, in which the emphasis is placed on the content, and not on the external form.
Charles Trene - And this artist will be brought to chanson a little jazz. In the pre-war era, it was difficult to resist such a step. Tren, for example, performed in a duet with Johnny Hess, who was a famous jazz pianist. In addition, Tren brought in chanson elements of gaggie and good American comedies - this manner, of course, was unusual, but isn't the French chanson normally in itself? Especially if the viewer perceives her with delight - for example, the song was perceived " Je Chante." Extremely exciting turned out to be La Mer", Subsequently suffered more than once.
Boris Vian - symbolizes post-war chanson. Now Chanson refuses the tricky and humorous notes, he prefers to lead a honest and serious conversation with his listener. Paradox: With the ratio of Chanson to the viewer, Wyan himself wrote his first song for fun for. And at first, his "deserter" no one did not want to fulfill. Except, unless, Muluji. He was able to see in the creation of a contradiction, after the correction of which the composition became popular. Home Avivogenic Song - How do you like this title? It was translated into many languages \u200b\u200band executed by many performers.
Charles Aznavour - Rather, it belongs to the stage, but in the chance, anyway "yours". Irony, melancholy, nostalgia - all these topics were traced in his work initially, and initially they were considered to be the "taboo" category. The path to his recognition was a minor and stubborn, starting from the song "Apros L" Amour, "but in the end, success succeeded. And there was such that many and did not dream. Problems of people, their tragedies - that's what worried performer Real and reflected in creativity.
Edith Piaf - Ascended to the tops of popularity thanks to the purposefulness, hard work, a stunning dramatic talent and an unusual vote. True glory came to her with the song " LA VIE EN ROSE" Listen to Edith with the same delight could all be a sophisticated intelligentsia and ordinary workers, even the Queen of Great Britain was delighted with the performer. For millions of people, Piaf's voice became a symbol of France. It feels in her work and unchanging charm, which benefits the "French Sparrow" from the Pleiads of Chanson's talents.
Serge Gensbar - And life, and the work of this person is filled with paints. He literally changed the French chanson! New images that were unprecedented earlier outlines - this is what the genre enriched with the advent of this amazing person. A unique voice and experiments in the style of how it is impossible to contribute to this. The paradox is that, being a talented experimenter, Gensbar violently denied its involvement in poetry. But how else to explain the frequent presence in his work of Kalamburov, unusual rhymes, if not talent in poetic skill? Old-fashioned, conventions - with all this chanson fought as soon as he could. But the use of English speech revolutions converted to French Pads is practiced.
The French chanson is a whole world that is not described in a nutshell, and representatives of which are not listed in one article. This genre is truly multifaceted. It is worth only to listen to something from it - and you will make sure about it. And to still learn to understand the text of the songs, we invite you to.
Agree, no one better than the French will be able to sing about feelings and about love for life. They have a melodic language and Paris, which many recognize the most romantic city of the world. In France, a special vocal genre appeared - chanson, to Russian translates as a "song".
Unfortunately, the Russian-speaking person the word "chanson" rather scares. In fact, the lyrical songs Edith Piaf, Charles Aznavour and Joe Dassin - this is chanson in his main sense.
We diligently collected the best and touching songs that remind us of beautiful and controversial love. You can listen to this music infinitely.
Edith Piaf - NON, JE NE REGRETTE RIEN
"No, I don't regret anything" was written in 1956 and became a popular performed by Edith Piaf. The text echoes the tragic fate of the singer, but it sounds typical of the French the joy of life and consent with their destiny.
Joe Dassin - Les Champs Élysées
"Elysee Fields" made Joe Dassinas popular. The mood of the song is quite consistent with the name, which comes from the Greek Elysium, is a beautiful garden. Everything is possible on the Champs Elysees - random strangers become loved and walk through the streets of Paris.
Yves Montand - Sous Le Ciel de Paris
The song "Under the sky of Paris" was written for the film of the same name. For the first time, he was performed by Edith Piaf, after - the many times sang Juliette Greco, Jacqueline Francois and other singers. Paris is simply impossible to imagine without this light waltz.
Danielle Licar & José Bartel - Les Paraplaies de Cherbourg
Song from the film "Cherbourg umbrellas". Those who are familiar with the plot, the words of the song are understandable even without translation - it sounds at the time of parting Genevieve and Guillaume. "There is little lifetime to wait for you, my life disappeared, if not you. In the edge of the far, do not forget me, wherever you are, I'm waiting for you. "
Claude François - Comme d'Habitude
The song "As usual" Claude Francois wrote in 1967. Many know her in the English version called "My Way" is one of the most popular pop-up songs of the middle of the 20th century, which is known in the execution of Frank Sinatra.
Mireille Mathieu - Pardonne Moi Ce Caprice D'Enfan
"Forgive me this kindergarten" - as in many French songs, it is said here about love. "Forgive me this kindergarten whim. Forgive me, come back to me as before. "
Dalida & Alain Delon - Paroles, Paroles
In the summer of 1972, the song "Paroles" in Italian performed by Duet Alberto Lupo and Mina heard Brother and Producer Dalida and offered her to record the French version. Dalida performed her duet with Delon. The success of the song has exceeded all expectations and the French version has become much more popular original. A few weeks after the exit, the single became the sales leader in France. Moreover, the name of the song (words, words ...) has become a common expression of spoken speech.
Yves Montand - Les Feuilles Mortes
This song, more known as the jazz standard "Autumn leaves", was actually written in 1945, and a year later I was performed by Iv Montan. One of the most touching songs about the last love.
Edith Piaf - Padam Padam
On October 15, 1951, the song "Padam, Radam" was recorded on the record. Edith Piaf remembered the melody with a pulsating motive, which composer Norbert Glanzberg played her back in 1942. She called the Poet of Henri Conte: "Henri, here is a melody, composed of Norbert, who pursues me everywhere. My head is just buzzing from her. I quickly need wonderful text. " CONTEY OZARIO: "Here it is! No more beautiful story for chanson! The words Edith just need to turn into poetry! Padam, Radam - like heartbeat. Padam, this motive pursues me day and night, he comes from afar and drives me crazy! "
Joe Dassin - L'ETE Indien
This is the song of the summer of 1975. Despite the fact that she is more famous performed by Joe Dassin, in fact it was written by the Italian singer Toto Kutuno and gave the name "Africa". For Dassin, the name was changed, the French text added and released on the air, the song quickly became popular. After it was transferred to several languages. In Russia, it is aware of Valery Ozodzinsky.
Joe Dassin - ET SI TU N'existais Pas
The next song Toto Kutuno wrote specifically for Joe Dassin. "The first tsights of the songs" if there were no you "appeared immediately, and the continuation of the collectively was looking for three months," recalls Joe Dassin. The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe song was to become a promising assumption: "If there was no love ...". But then the poets came a stupor. It turned out that if there are no love in the world, then nothing to write about. Then they changed the line to "if there was not you", and the text moved from the dead point.
Charles AZNAVOUR - UNE VIE D'Amour
The original version of "Eternal Love" sounds in the film Tehran 43, shared by several famous studios of the USSR, France and Swiss. After the release of the film, the song became Bladlae about the tragic love, which was translated into several languages \u200b\u200band it is popular for many artists.
Léo Ferré - Avec Le Temps
Unlike Charles, Aznavour and Iva Montana, Leo Ferre less known outside of France. Despite this, his songs are considered a classic of French music in the middle of the 20th century.
Serge Gainsbourg & Jane Birkin - Je T'aime Moi Non Plus
France France Serge Gensbour and Jane Birkin in his spirit: they outraged this song many moralists. In some countries, the composition was banned due to the obvious sexual subtext.
Danielle Darrieux - Il N'y A Pas d'Amour Heureux
Incredibly lyric "not happy love" on the poems of Louis Aragon sounds in the film "8 women". "There is no authority of a person: not in force, nor in the weakness of his own, nor in the heart."
Virginie Ledoyen - Toi Mon Amour, MON AMI
Another song from the comedy Francois Ozone "8 women". It was served by Marie Laforet, but a more famous version that sounds in the film is known.
Yves Montand - Un Homme ET UNE FEMME
The song from the film "A man and a woman", without it, too, you can not imagine French music.
Catherine Deneuve - Toi Jamais
"You've ever", the song of the widow of Marseille from the film "8 Women" performed by Catherine Denev. "All your flaws I love, and the advantages are well hidden. You are a man, and I, I love you, and it is impossible to explain. "
Salvatore Adamo - Tombe La Neige
Strictly speaking, Salvator Adamo is a Belgian singer, but the song "falls snow" is not associated with France. The author performed it not only with the original French text, but in other languages.
Patricia Kaas - MON MEC A MOI
The 1988 Song, which Patricia Kaase sang for more than ten years at concerts. By the end of the twentieth century, French music became more energetic, but did not lose her lyricity and tenderness.
Mylène Farmer - Innamoramento
In 2000, Milen Farmer was released at the fifth studio album. Words wrote the singer herself, and critics have favorably met a love ballad.
Alizee - Moi Lolita
The singer Alizee uses the image of Nabokovskaya Lolita, and in words there are references to the work of Milen Farmer. Popular in many countries, including Russia. Appears in Sountrack to the film Ridley Scott "Good Year".
Vanessa Paradis - Joe Le Taxi
1988 song about Paris Taxiower Joe. This is a romantic image of a taxi driver who knows all the banks of Paris, simply could not not appear in French music. The song has become so popular that the translated versions appeared in Japan and China.
ZAZ - Je Veux
Voice Isabelle Diffroy, more famous under the pseudonym ZAZ, immediately recognizes and remembered. A few years ago, youtube appeared a video of a cheerful girl performing with a group of musicians on the street. Now she goes to world tour and is known to many. Isabelle in his work mixes many genres: folk, jazz, french chanson. So it can be said, this is a worthy continuation of the genre, which began in the middle of the twentieth century. This is a real anthem of youth and joy, we recommend to see the translation.
Chanson translated from French means a song. At first glance, a frivolous musical genre has a fairly large story. Even in the 10th century, poems and epic songs appeared (Shanson de Geste), who chanting brave and valiant knights - defenders of France appeared. And the Franco Flemish composers of the Netherlands school are considered by the Rodonarchists of this musical genre.
Already in the 16th century, music in style that can be considered a classic chanson was created by the French Renaissance era composers as Jequene, Sermizi, Mulu, Serrton, Cotelet, Lenzhen, Gudimel, and in early 17th century these compositions gradually wounded with song-rusted genres . At the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries, pop songs appeared in France, the authors of which are chanson - French pop singers, performers and genre songs in the style of "A Lia Montmartre".
After the First World War, the rhythms of the overseas focus and tango are included. In the songs of French performers, notes of these incendiary melodies are also heard. But the French always remained original, and singers of that time - Mustenget, Moris Chevalé, Josephine Becker - worked in the style of the Review - a small theatrical-circus idea close to the cabaret, the British Music Hall or American Water Water. The 30-40th years of the 20th century were marked by the appearance of Edith Piaff, which is rightfully considered in France the founder of a modern pop song. In the songs, Piaf reflected the life of herself and the life of each Frenchman, so the songs themselves are so loved in France, and far beyond. The songs of Piaf were distinguished by sincerity, emphasized the vivid voice and sensuality of execution. Not one generation of French performers has grown on such songs as " NON, JE NE REGRETTE RIEN », « Padam, Padam », « Milord. », « LA VIE EN ROSE »(Listen online online by clicking on the link).
After the Second World War, the Pleiada of such chanson, like: Georges Brassens, Jacques Brel, Charles Aznava, Leo Feppe, Baptis Wiened, Yves Montan. The best traditions of the French author's song are connected in their work: the lyrics of execution, some intimacy and elusive musicality.
But the French chance is difficult to speak at all, in order to try to understand it, it is necessary to touch the most striking representatives of this genre.
Charles Aznavour Immediately after the end of the war, along with his friend and the accompanion of Pierre Rochem, the thresholds of the Paris night clubs and variety were insets. Sometimes they allowed them to go on stage, sing a few songs and earn a few francs. Sometimes it turned out to sell a song-friend. Friends composed them in a huge apartment of Rocha in the center of Paris. One of these songs is "drunk" - became a hit in the execution of George Ulmer.
Some of their concerts in the Parais restaurant visited the Piaf itself. After acquaintance with the musicians, she suggested them to perform in the first separation of their tour. However, the tour was very short, Piaf flew into America, and Aznavour and Roche remained in Paris, collect money on the road beyond the ocean. With difficulty, coming to the United States, and finding Piaf there, the musicians realized that the joint tour would not be, and on the Council of the singer they went to Canada, where they expected an unexpected success. The legendary singer was in many respects insolent to the work of Charles, he wrote a few songs for her: " Jezebel. ", COMPAGNONS DE LA CHANSON. After gap with Piaf, Aznavour began the solo career. His songs are performed by many talented chanson of that time: Julietary Greco, Betho, Patasha. Song " J "ai bu ", Recorded by George Ulmer, was awarded the Grand Prix, as the best disc of 1947. Subsequently, Aznavour wrote not one dozen songs, which became not only the pearls of the French chanson, but also world famous hits, among them: "SA Jeunesse", "Parce Que", "Sur Ma Vie", "APRES L" AMOR ", "La Boheme" , « Comme Ils Disent. », « She. "And of course the immortal" UNE VIE D'Amour "He sounded in the Soviet film" Tehran-43 "and Spetya Aznavour himself in Russian (" Eternal Love ").
Another famous far beyond France is chansonier - Yves Montan. It can also be attributed to the discoveries of Edith Piaf. "When he was singing, he recalled Edith Piaf," I immediately got under his charm. The distinctive personality of the artist, the impression of power and masculinity, beautiful artistic hands, an interesting expressive face, a heartfelt voice ... ". Edith Piaf handed him a particle of his talent. She taught Iva Montana with the beauty of singing, which made him great. With the name IV Montan are associated international hits " Sous Le Ciel "De Paris, "Les Feuilles Mortes », « C'est Si Bon. », « Les Grands Boulevards. », « A paris. "And many more surprisingly melodic and lyrical songs characteristic of the French chanson of the 40s - 60s of the last century.
Another bright representative of the French chanson is Born in Belgium Jacques. He did the first records in 1953. Recorded and drove to conquer Paris. For about a year, Jacques spent the night in the attic and unsuccessful thresholds of concert halls and Cabarets of Paris. However, despite the merciless criticism of his songs, he continued to write songs. He was supported by the musician Brasrec, the singer Juliette Greco, who included his songs into his repertoire, and, of course, Jacques Canetti, who, did not return the vocals of the Filipse skeptics and insisted on the record of the first disk of Jacques in 1954. Among the songs of this album is allocated only one - "Useful video
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Topic 5. Author's song Author's song, or Bardian music is a song genre, which emerged in the middle of the 20th century in different countries. Its distinctive features is to combine in one person of the author of music, text and artist, guitar support, priority of the significance of text in front of music. In Russia, the urban romance and song thumbnails of Alexander Vertinsky can be considered precursors in the author's song. At first, the foundation of the genre was student and tourist songs, differing from "official" (spread through state channels) by the dominant personal intonation, alive, informal approach to the topic. Separate works of the genre appeared in the 1930s (composed of P. Kogan and G. Lepsky romantic songs, the most famous of which became "Brigantine", as well as the early songs of M. Ancharov). The songs of Geology Nikolay Vlasova (1914-1957) - "Student farewell" ("You will go to the northern deer, I will go to the distant Tourkestan to the Northern Olympics, and others actually put the beginning of the tourist song. Special fate of the songs of Evgenia Agranovich, who began writing songs since 1938. The songs of this generation of this generation from those who sounded on the official channels, and were often written by a flute of already well-known melody: for example, the classics of the tourist and the author's song is the "Baksanskaya" - a song written by Mountaineers in the winter of 1943 in the melody of the famous Tango B. Terentyev "Let the days pass " But the well-known song "Blue Watch" (the first version of the text, written by a professional composer, was again written and was again replaced by the "people", which went throughout the country) and the symbol of the Blocade Leningrad "Volkhovskaya Tagged" (on the melody of the song "Our toast "). Most often (although not always) performers of the songs of this genre are at the same time authors and poems, and music from here and the name. In the early 1950s, a powerful copyright layer appeared in a student environment, in particular, at the Biology Faculty of Moscow State University (the famous authors of this Pleiada became the city of Shangin-Berezovsky, D. Sukharev, L. Rozanova) and in the Pedagogical Institute. Lenin (Y. Vizbor, Yu. Kim, A. Yakushev). The author's song in the mid-1950s acquired wide popularity, with the advent of a tape recorder. At this time, Yuri Vizbor, B. Okudzhava, N. Matveyeva and A. Dulov began to systematically compose. As far as is known, the clubs of amateur songs arose with the filing of the KGB and to be aware, and in order to still listen to real songs ... Later, Vladimir Vysotsky, Alexander Galich, Vladimir Turyansky, the classics of the genre, in the 1960s - 80s, Viktor Berkovsky, Sergey Nikitin, Alexander Gorodnitsky, Vadim Egorov, Alexander Lobanovsky, Aron Krupp, Evgeny Kleachkin, Yuri Kukin, Alexander Mirzian, Vladimir Berezhkov, Vera Matveyev, Victor Luferov, Alexander Tkachev, Peter Starchik, Alexander Sukhanov, Vladimir Lanzberg, Veronica Valley , Alexander Dolsky, Leonid Semakov, in the 80s and the 90s, Mikhail Shcherbakov, Lyubov Zakharchenko and Creative Duetaleks Ivashchenko and Georgy Vasilyeva ("Ivasi") were added to them. It is less known that the songs of their own essay, including popularly well-known, wrote and "clean" poets - for example, Valentin Berestov, Gleb Gorbovsky ("When the night lanterns are swinging ...", "Pavilion Beer-Water ..."), Victor Sosna ("Founders flew towards the station ..."). The author's song was one of the forms of expression of the Sixtiets. In the development of the author's song, several stages can be distinguished. The first stage - the romantic, whose leader was B. Okudzhava, lasted about the mid-1960s. The main sphere of the realization of the romantic start was the "Song of the Wanders" with the central images of friendship (friend) and roads as the "lines of life" - the paths in the unknown and path to self-knowledge. At this stage, the author's song practically did not go beyond the limits of the environment given by its environment, spreading "from the company to the company" to the company, or in tape recorders. She was publicly executed extremely rarely and, again, almost exclusively "in his circle" - in amaterable student "views", "cabbagers" of creative intelligentsia, etc., as well as on tourist towers, which gradually turned into the festivals of the author's song . At this stage, the authorities almost did not pay attention to the author's song, considering the harmless manifestation of amateur creativity, an element of intellectual life. The mansion, however, stood bitter and satirical songs A. Galich, who is already at the beginning of the 60s. ("Personal Waltzok", "Ask, boys", "for seven fences", "red triangle", etc.) turned to a sharp criticism of an existing building with unheard of courage and frankness. From the mid-60s. To ironic, and later and frankly satirical interpretation of the surrounding life, Yu. Kim ("Talking two pokcs", "Two imitations Galich", "My Mother Russia", etc.). A row of songs A. Galich ("We are not worse than Horace", "I choose freedom") and Yu. Kima ("Imitation of Vysotsky", "Law Waltz") were directly dedicated to Soviet dissidents. The aesthetics of the "protest song" was continued by V. Vysotsky. He expanded the intonation techniques (so, his intonational find - having grunted consonants) and the vocabulary of the song, including an extensive reservoir of reduced vocabulary. An important place in the work of many bards occupied the topic of the Great Patriotic War. At the same time, unlike the heroic pathos of the song "Official Culture", in the author's song, the "human aspect" of war caused by her suffering, its anti-humanity ("Goodbye, boys! "B. Okudzhava," Ballad of Eternal Fire "A. Galich," It happened, men left "V. Vysotsky and many other songs). Seeing exposure strength such The author's song, the authorities passed to her persecution. The doors of concert organizations (in 1981, after the XXV of the Moscow Swell, the WCSPs are sent to the regions, prohibiting any sites for stage performances by Julia Kim, Alexander Mirzian and Alexander Tkachev, publishing houses, Radio and Teastudia), closed They were expelled from creative unions, pushed themselves into emigration (A. Galich), they were in print in print, etc. At the same time, thanks to "Magnitisdat", they knew it, they sang, listened, rewriting each other. On the life of the author's song In 1979-1990, a regular samizdat newspaper MENESTLEL wrote the Moscow Club of the Amateur Song (since 1979 - Chief. A. E. Krylov, since 1986 - B. B. Zhukov), spreading in photos and photocopies countrywide. However, the attitude of the state to the authors was far from unity. Thus, the Union of Writers held an extremely hostile position - "what these are singing poets"; At the same time, the union of composers did a lot for the authors of the amateur song, believing that their creativity, with all the self-sufficiency of their melodies, compensates for some disregard of mass song, which appeared in professional composers in the 60s compared to pre-war time (in particular, The opinion sounded in the famous documentary film 1967 "I urgently requires a song"). With all the prohibition measures for other lines, S. Nikitin's songs, V. Berkovsky, A. Gorodnitsky, A. Dulova and others regularly included in the world-textual collections of mass songs, manufactured by the IC. And such a well-known author of the 70s and 80s like Evgeny Bachurin, the union of composers actually became a producer - released his first vinyl album, and soon the second. Also, no persecution of the author's song influenced the frequency of the appearance of Sergey Nikitin. Among the works of professional composers of the intrusion of the author's song, Mikael Tariverdieva sounds recognizable, Alexandra Pakhmutova and Andrei Petrov. The authorities tried to master the author's song from the inside, taking under the "roof" of the Komsomol spontaneously arising everywhere "Clubs of amateur (initial - student) song" (SSP). But it was not too good. Having matured the "bards" - the genre -annologists continued to develop a lyrical line, but nostalgia was more clearly sounded in it, bitterness of losses and betrayals, the desire to keep themselves, their ideals, a thinning circle, anxiety in front of the future - moods summed in a chased line B. Okudzhava: "We take hands, friends, so as not to disappear one by one." This lyric and romantic line was continued in the work of S. Nikitin, A. Dolsky, V. Valina, as well as Bard Rockers (A. Makarevich, B. Grebenchikov). Since the beginning of the 1990s. The development of the author's song has passed into a calm bed. The number of "singing poets" and their performing skills, the number of their professional organizations, concerts, festivals sold by cassettes and disks; Even a kind of "classic" of the author's song (popular albums of the songs of our century) is drawn up. Dedicated by the author's song transfer on radio and television: for example, Mikhail Kochetkov organized and led the TV shows about the author's song "Home Concert" on the TV channel Ren TV, and from December 1995 on the Commercial TV channel "TeleExpo" he lived a song transmission with participation Bardov "Glukhary's nest" - a project that has eased later to the famous Moscow Bard Cafe with the same name; Concerts of the author's song and interviews with executive authors periodically broadcasts TV channel "Culture"; On the radio "Echo of Moscow" there is a weekly concert of the author's song on requests, which leads Natella Boltanskaya. The most famous authors of the 2000s are usually considered the city of Danish, O. Medvedev, T. Shaov and O. Chikina. For a wide range of bard song lovers in 2001 in the village of Listvyanka of the Irkutsk region, Evgeny Kravkl and his friends were completed and opened "Theater of the author's song on Baikal". History In other countries, the author's song is not a phenomenon of only Russian culture. This phenomenon arose in the 1960s at the same time in different countries. Everywhere authors performers ( Liedermacher. - in the GDR and FRG, cantautor - in Italy and Latin America, aUTUR-COMPOSITEUR-INTERPRèTE - in France, singer-Songwriter. - In the US) sang songs of their own essay under the guitar. Everywhere, such poets with guitars were deeply connected with the local tradition, but at the same time their songs have made the criticism of society and the state - no matter, socialist or capitalistical, were an experiment with different genres and possessed a tremendous ability to create alternative audiences (primarily youth). The popularity of the author's song was connected with the global surge of the youth socio-political movements of the 1960s - the beginning of the 1970s (see, in particular, the article of the 1968 protests), with the advent of new left in the West, as well as the dissident anti-communist movement in Central Europe. The prisoner of Berrtold Brecht and Hans Eisler appeared in the 1930s of this direction. Creativity Edward Stakhura and Yatsek Kachmarsky in Poland, Karel Wing and Yaromer Nogavitsa in Czechoslovakia, Wolf Burman in GDR Iphranza-Joseph Degenhardt in Germany, George Brassense in France, Luigi Tenko and Fabrizio de Andre in Italy, Viktor Hara in Chile, Phil Oaks, Petya Sigger, Toma Pacston and Boba Dylan in the United States contributed to the formation of a critical and democratically organized public in these countries that took the copyright rituals, collective hearing of tape records and independent, amateur singing in companies. Also simple, but emotional melodies, the chorus were an incentive to joint singing at concerts, the performers themselves called for this. In Cuba Songs Carlos Puebla and the Segnundo company in his genre were similar to the author's song in other countries, however, it was an important difference that these performers were officially recognized by Fidel Castro regime, which used them to increase their popularity both on the Cuba itself and abroad. In the countries of the Socialist Camp, as a result of the Censored Policy of the authorities, the extension of the author's song took the form of semi-official festivals and meetings, concerts on private apartments, home tape recorders, which were distributed free among friends and acquaintances or bought on the "black market". Outside the "socialist camp", concerts and sound recordings of the author's song were quite legal, but still the connection between the author's song and the musical industry has never been any strong, and "barrier policy" of television and radio companies in the USA, Germany, Italy and France For a long time, who did not want to provide the air from the author's song with her sometimes acute and unpredictable social criticism and risky, carnival humor, also attached to it in these countries a certain aura of "illegality". In Chile, after the military coup in 1973, all public execution nueva Cance First were under the strictest prohibition, and almost all the well-known "poets with a guitar" were forced to leave the country, the most famous of them, Victor Hara, was killed almost immediately after the capture of power by the military. Only after 1975, Nueva Cancion came out of a deep underground, but then their authors were forced to use Ezopov language. Neither the audience of "poets with a guitar" nor their colleagues welcomed their professionalization and their rapprochement with the world of pop music. The first public speech of Bob Dilan with an electric guitar at the festival (eng.) Russian. In Newport in 1965, it was a violation of this taboo and was met by the public a deafening whistle. Genres and terms of a clear and unified terminological system associated with song genres still do not exist. Sometimes the terms "author's song" and "bard song" are used as synonyms. But, for example, Vladimir Vysotsky categorically did not like him to be called "Bard" or "Menstrel". The chronicles show that in the 1950s and early 1960s, the term "amateur song" was most commonly used in relation to the genre - it, in particular, the authors themselves were used. The question of the name of the song genre was not immediately interested in fans of the author's song. As Igor Karimov writes in his book "History of the Moscow PSP", the abbreviation of Pispus used in the late 1950s, but at that time deciphered as "a student competition". In the History in the history of the KSP conference on amateur songs in Petushki (May 1967), the issue was discussed focused. Options "Guitar Song", "Amateur Song", "Tourist Song" and a number of others. According to the results of the meeting, the name "amateur song" was chosen, and the value of the "Club of the Amateur Song" was established. At the same time, in May 1967, the first general inception of the KSP took place. At the junction of the author's song and folk music in the 90s, Menstrellel movement was formed, associated with fans of role-playing games and historical reconstruction. His representatives - Tam and Yovin, Chancellor GI, Aire and Saruman, Elhe Nianna and others, perform acoustic songs of their own essay, often on the subject of medieval fantasy (most advantage of works by J. R. R. Tolkina). Topic 6. Panorama of the main directions in the field of world pop