Homerian period in the history of Greek art. Art of Homeric Greece Art of Greek Archaika

08.03.2020

Read also

Amazing records of the human body is the biggest mouth in the world

The basics of anatomy for the image of a man base plastic anatomy

Accelerated burnout: Professional disease of the modern teacher

After conquering Dranians weakened in the Trojan war, the Ahasey tribes followed by the Homerian period in the history of the ancient Greek art (XI-VIII century BC), characterized by the patriarchal of life, fragmentation of small farms and the primitiveness of the culture began to form. From this time there is almost no monuments of architecture, since the material served mainly wood and unreasonable, but only dried raw bricks. Only poorly preserved remains of foundations, drawings on vases, terracotta funerals, like-shaped houses and temples, and some lines of Homer's poems, can give an idea of \u200b\u200bthe architecture of its origins.

"A friend, we, of course, came to Odyssev, a nice house,
It can easily be recognized between all other houses:
Long rhinestones spacious, wide and purely power
Courtyard clogged, double gate
With a strong lock, - no one is miserable to break into them. "

Created in that epoch and rare sculpture monuments, simple forms and small size. Especially widespread the decoration of the vessels, to which the oldest Greeks treated not only as needed to be subject to objects. In a variety, sometimes bizarre ceramic forms, in simple, but expressive drawings, they performed the desire for beauty, to the artistic understanding of the world.

The style of the painting of this time is called geometric in the nature of the patterns. He existed from the Greek tribes for three centuries. The end of the XI century BC. e. His early samples are dating, in the X and IX centuries there is a slow development of its forms, by the first half of the 7th century it reaches a heyday.

In the second half of the 6th century BC. e. Detected features of its decline. Monuments of the geometric style, common in extensive territory, are found in the Balkan Peninsula and in Asia Minor, in Crete, Cyprus and other Aegean Islands.

In the forms and drawings of the VAZ arising before the IX century BC. e., there was an easyness to express the feelings of the people who created their people. The vessels are usually covered with ornaments in the form of simple figures: circles, triangles, squares, rhombuses. Over time, the patterns on the vessels became more complicated, their forms became diverse. At the end of the IX - early VIII century BC. e. There were vases with a solid filling of the surface with ornaments. Bulovo Amphoras from the Munich Museum of Applied Art is divided into thin belts - friezes, painted by geometric shapes, as lace lying on the vessel. An ancient artist decided to show on the surface of this amphor. In addition to patterns - animals and birds, for which he highlighted special friezes, located one at the top of the throat, the other at the very beginning of Tulov and the third - near the bottom. The principle of the repeat, peculiar to the early directions of the development of the art of different peoples, acts at the Greeks in ceramic paintings, the vasopist here used, in particular, repeat in the image of animals and birds. However, even in simple compositions on the throat, Tulla and the bottom differences are noticeable. At the wreath - Lani is calm; They will peacefully graze, plugging grass. In the place of Tulova, where the lifting of the handles begins and the vessel shape changes dramatically, the animals are shown differently - as if they turned the heads back, they were fixed. The violation of the smooth rhythm of the contour line of the vessel found a szvuk in the image of the lanes.

By the VIII century, Dipilon Amphora refers, which served as a tombstone at the Athens Cemetery (Ill. 10). Its monumental forms are expressive; Widely massive Tulovo, proudly rises high throat. It seems no less majestic than a slim column of the temple or a statue of a powerful athlete. The whole surface is divided into frills, each of which is its own pattern, with often repeated meander of various types. An image of animals on friezes is subject to the same principle as in Munich Amfore. At the widest place is a farewell scene with the dead. On the right and to the left of the deceased - the plasters with stunned hands. The grief of drawings on the vases that served as gravestones is extremely restrained. Surovable seem to be the feelings presented here, close to the fact that he experienced Odyssey, who listened to the exciting story of the crying and still not recognized His Penelope:

"But like horns Ile Iron, the eyes stood still
In centuries. And the will of the tears, cautiously stored, did not give it! "

In the laconism of the paintings of the X-VIII centuries, qualities developed later in plastically juicy forms of Greek art were formed. This era was a school for Greek artists: the strict clarity of the drawings of the geometric style is obliged to be restrained harmony of archaic images and classics (ill. 11).

Geometric style was manifested by the aesthetic feelings of the people who started the path to the top of the civilization, which subsequently created the monuments, eclipsed by the glory of the Egyptian pyramids and the palaces of Babylon. The decisiveness and internal collens of the Hellenes at that time were szvuk in the limit laconism of paintings with inexorable rhythm, clarity and sharpness of lines. The conditional character of images, the simplistic forms - the result is not a sophistication, but the desire to express the general concept of a completely definite object of the real world with a graphic sign. The limitations of this principle of the image is in the absence of specific, individual traits of the image. His value is that a person on an early stage of development begins to enter the world that is still incomprehensible and chaotic, element of the system, orderliness. Schematic images of geometrics will be saturated in the future increasing concreteness, but Greek artists will not lose the principle of generalization achieved in this art. In this regard, the painting of the Homerovsky period is the first steps in the development of ancient artistic thinking.

In the attic art, represented by diplonilum vases, happily combine forms generated by centuries in various areas of Greece - on the islands, in doric centers, in Besotia. In the attic, especially beautiful vessels with paintings by multi-tech, alive, are created. In Argos, the composition is extremely concise, in Besotia expressive, on the islands of the Aegean Sea are elegant. But for all art schools, the originality of which is already planned in the Homeric period, and in particular for the attic, common qualities are characterized - the increase in interest in the human image, the desire for harmonious compliance of the forms and clarity of the composition.

In the sculpture of the geometric style is not less than the originality than in the vasopy. The small plastic decorated the ceramics when animals made of clay or bronze figurines were attached on the vessels covers and the role of the handles. There were and not related to vessels of the statuette of a cult nature that were dedicated to the deities were put in the temples or were intended for the graves. Most often, these were filled from the burned clay figurines with only planned facial features and limbs. Only sometimes the sculptors were taken for complex tasks and solved them with rather original methods of their style. For the most part, geometric statuettes are intended for contemplating into the profile and seem to be flat, similar images on vases. Silhouette has great importance in them, only later the Master to Volume will begin to awaken. Elements of a plastic understanding of the world by the artist only outlined.

In the sculpture of the geometric style, such works of a story character are still rare, as stored in the Metropolitan-Museum of New York, a bronze image of a centaur and man, designed to perceive on the side. However, it is already clearly observed here that it will appear later in the Greek Archaica - the nude of the male figure, an underlined musculature of the hips, shoulders (Ille 12).

In the second half of the 6th century BC. e. A geometrical style appears features indicating the refusal of its strict rules. There is a desire to show the figure of a person, animal, various items are not sketchy, but more lively. This can see the beginning of the departure from the conventionality of paintings and sculptures. Gradually, the Greek masters go to the images more full-blooded, vital. Already at the order of geometric style, the first signs of the process, which on the convention of the forms of early antiquity in the geometric style, will lead to the limiting concreteness of the world's reproduction in the monuments of late antiquity. With the emergence of more mature representations of a person about the world, the need is not a schematic, but a detailed image leading to the crisis of geometric style and the emergence of new forms in the monuments of the archaic period of the VII-VI centuries BC. e.

In Greece, in the framework of the slave-owned society, the first in the history of the principles of democracy, who gave the opportunity to develop bold and deep ideas that approved the beauty and significance of a person. Greek tribes and breeding unions inhabited by the steep ridges of the mountains of the valley, scattered by the sea of \u200b\u200bthe island. When moving to class society, they formed a number of small cities - states, so-called policies

The art of ancient Greece is closely related to philosophy, for it was based on the ideas about the strength and beauty of a person who was in close unity and harmonic equilibrium with the surrounding natural and social medium, and since there was a great development of public life in ancient Greece, and art was bright Social character. A huge conquest was the approval of the secular social and educational role of art, only in the form of the worn cult. Compared to the art of the Ancient East, it was a big step forward.

Architecture The leading type of art in which the civil ideas of the city-polis are reflected. The Temple is a public life center, the embodiment of the idea of \u200b\u200bthe inviolability and perfection of the city-state. In Greece, there was no special caste of priests, similar to the one that existed in Egypt or two states. Only under certain national sanctors existed a few priest organizations.

The legacy of the ancient Greek architecture underlies the entire subsequent development of world architecture and the associated monumental art. The reasons for such a sustainable impact of Greek architecture are the objective of its qualities: the simplicity, truthfulness, clarity of the composition, harmonicity and proportionality of the general forms and all parts, organic communication of architectural and sculpture, in the close unity of architectural and aesthetic and structural and tectonic elements of structures. Ancient Greek architecture was distinguished by the complete correspondence of the forms and their design bases that constituted a single whole.

The period of Greek history from 11 to 9 century. BC. Call called homerovsky Because the main written source for studying it is "Iliad and Odyssey". The economic and social history of Homeric Greece is a transitional step from the generic system to the slave-owned. The political form of this transitional system was military demography.

12 - 8 centuries. BC. There were an era of the addition of Greek mythology. The mythological nature of the consciousness of the ancient Greeks received its most complete and consistent expression in epic poetry during this period. Later, already during the archaic period, these oral songs were reduced into large artistically completed poems.

Only ruins are preserved from the architectural structures of this period, on the basis of which it is possible to establish that construction developed on the basis of the traditions of the Mycenaean culture.

The first steps of Greek art are clearly visible on painted vases, terracotta and bronze statuettes. Art style of vases of this period called geometric Because the ornaments on the vases are combinations of geometric elements.

Hero and Centaur (a statuette of bronze, 11 cm). Horse (bronze). The terracotta figure of a centaur from the tomb with about. EVBEY.

The archaic period - The period of formation of a Greek slave-ownership society and the state. As in the field of political life, religion, literature, philosophy, and in the art of the era, Archaika laid the foundations of those fruitful processes that are fully developed during the classic period. Already in Archaic, all the most important trends characteristic of the mature art of ancient Greece appeared.

A new culture arises on the ruins of Mycean cities. Numerous sacred facilities (ritual, cult) came to replace the palaces and fortresses. Secular construction retreated to the background. The ancient Greek temples differed in small amounts compared to the ancient Egyptian and were commensurate to a person. Worship took place outside the temple walls, who was considered the house of God. In the center of the temple was placed the statue of the Divine, which was devoted to the temple.

2 art directions in architecture were revealed: dorician and ionian . Doricic was distinguished by the desire for monumentality, seriousness, perfection of proportions. In the direction of Ionian appreciated, on the contrary, ease, grace, the whimsiness of the lines. These concepts do not fully coincide with the geographical area of \u200b\u200bdistribution of both styles.

The main structural elements of two orders are the same. The base for them is the platform treated around the perimeter - stilobate. On it, throughout the external contour of the temple, columns consisting of three parts were installed; Bases, barrels and capitals.

In the doric style of the columns did not have bases, capitals were simple and consisted of a square plate ( abacus ) and supporting it round pillow ( echina ); Fris is divided into rectangular, slightly protruding parts ( triglyphs ) and there are square boards between them ( methods ).

In the ionic style, the columns had profiled bases capitals included a spiral-shaped volute , Friz was smooth ( zoefort frieze ). Both styles arose in wooden-raw buildings, and later they were translated into stone. ORDER SYSTEM (from Lat. "Ordow, order) changed later only in relation to the proportions and in the drawing of parts. Temples from the second half of the 7th century. BC. Constructed from separate blocks of stone without the use of the solution.

Corinthian the style is even easier than ionic and should be considered as a secondary education that occurred on the basis of the ionic.

The composition of the Greek temples is different. The easiest and most early type of temple was distil , or " temple in Antah " It consists of a sanctuary - calya , rectangular in terms of the front facade of which is a loggia with a central opening. On the sides of the loggia is limited by side walls, which are called Antah. There were two columns between Antami on the front frontton (therefore the temple was called "Distil -" two-colon "). The second, also a relatively simple temple type - prostyle, having on the facade is not two, but four columns. Third type - amphiprostil . It's like a double proven - portico with four columns are on the front, and on the back facade of the building. The fourth type of temples is peripter . This is the most common type of temples. It is surrounded by columns from all sides around the perimeter. Usually in the front and rear facades of six columns, and the number of laterals was determined by formula 2π + 1, where π is the number of columns on the front facade. Sometimes it was not alone on the side facades, but two rows of columns. This type of temple is called dipter . There was another type of temple in Greece - a round peripter, where the sanctuary - killer - had a cylindrical shape and around the perimeter, the temple was surrounded by a ring of columns.

Temple of Gera in Pestum (6 V. BC).

The temple of Poseidon in Pestum (5 V. BC).

The most typical samples of archaic plastics were youthful nude athletic figures - kuros and female dressed - bark . So could be depicted by simple mortals, gods, and goddesses. The perfection of man has revealed through the chaste image of nudity gluing a natural beginning. The statues of the kouros served as tombbones, put in honor of the winners of the competition. By the middle of the 6th century BC. In the statues of the kuris, the body structure, modeling forms, the face is enlivened by a smile. This so-called "archaic smile" is conditional in nature, sometimes gives a somewhat manner appearance.

From the second half of the 6th century BC. The sculpture began to more consistently act realistic ideas about the image of a person. One of the achievements of archaic art was found on the Acropolis statues of girls (Cor) in elegant clothes. Their slender figures are correct for proportions, gentle faces are curly, slightly surprised smiles. Carefully made folds and hair strands as if flowing in a smooth and diverse rhythm.

Stela of the brothers Dermilos and Cotile (Tanagra).

Moshofor ("Carrying Calf", Acropolis Athens).

Apollo from the trees (height is 1 m 61 cm).

Cora in Peplos with Acropolis Athens (height - 1 m 18 cm).

Koss from Cape Sunion.

List of 7 and 6th centuries BC. E.- The appearance of a new style of vasopy - black Refusal of polychrome painting, nomination for the forefront of man and myth. The archaic period was the time of development of artistic crafts, especially ceramics. Word itself « ceramics" It happened from the name of one of the accommodation of Athens - ceramics, famous in 6 and 5 centuries. BC. His potters. Greek vases were extremely diverse in shape and sizes. Large amphoras Designed for storage of wine and oil, hydria with three handles for transferring water, slender narrow leeks for incense, from a wide kilica saw wine.

Placing paintings on vases and their compositional system are closely related to the plastic form. The development of vase paintings went from schematic, decorative images to a storyline composition. Bold realistic search for artists-vasopisis ahead of the development of other types of art. The so-called black-phony vase received the highest distribution during the archaic period. The drawing of the ornament or figure was poured with a black varnish and well released against the background of burnt clay. Sometimes for greater expressiveness, black silhouettes were scratched or covered with thin white lines that emphasize individual details. The famous painter of the middle of the 6th century BC. Was Execia. Its painting is distinguished by poetchiness, a subtle sense of rhythm and the perfection of a composition organically related to the appointment and form of a vessel.

The technique of redfigure painting was opened in Ser. 6th century BC Gave the artist much more opportunities, allowing you to carefully develop an anatomical structure of the body, musculature, drapery. Big individualization of characters, striving for realism in the image, to harmony between paintings and the form of the vessel. For the first time this technique meets on the vases made in the workshop Andokida .

Vase Francois is a large crater made by climat and ergotim (1 - Vasopian, 2 - potter).

Amphora Master Execia (Achilles and Ajax, playing in the bone).

Hercules and Antea's struggle - crater Master Euphronia.

Y. Kolpinsky

The oldest initial period of the development of Greek art is called Homerovsky (12 - 8 centuries. BC). This time was reflected in the epic poems - "Iliad" and "Odyssey", the author of which the ancient Greeks considered the legendary poet of Homer. Although Homer's poems have developed in their final form later (at 8 to 7 centuries. BC) - They are talking about more ancient social relations characteristic of the time decomposition of the primitive-communal system and the origin of a slave-ownership society.

In the Homeric period, the Greek society as a whole maintained another generic system. Right members of the tribe and kind were free farmers, partly the shepherds. Some development was obtained by crafts that were mostly rural.

But a gradual transition to iron tools, improving agricultural methods increased labor productivity and created conditions for the accumulation of wealth, development of property inequality and slavery. However, slavery in this era was still an episodic and patriarchal character, slave labor was applied (especially at the beginning) mainly in the economy of the tribal leader and the military leader - Basiles.

Basilevs was the head of the tribe; He united in his face a judicial, military and priest. Basilevs managed a community together with the board of generic elders, called Boule. In the most important cases, the People's Assembly was convened - Agora, who consisted of all free members of the community.

Tribes, settled at the end of 2 millennia BC On the territory of modern Greece, there were still at the late level of development of a profile society. Therefore, the art and culture of the Homerovsky period developed in the process of processing and developing those essentially for primitive, skills and ideas, which brought with them the Greek tribes, only to the lowest extent the traditions of the tradition of higher and more mature artistic culture of the Aegean world.

However, some of the legends and mythological images that have developed in the culture of the Aegean world entered the circle of mythological and poetic representations of the ancient Greeks, as well as various events of the Aegean history of the Aegean world received an figurable-mythological implementation in the testes and in the Epos of the Ancient Greeks (the Myth of Minotaur, the Trojan epic cycle and others). The monumental architecture of the ancient Greek temples originated in the Homeric period used and in its own way reworked the type of Megaron - a hall with hay and porto. Some technical skills and experience of Mycenaean architects were also used by Greek masters. But in general, the entire aesthetic and figurative structure of the art of the Aegean world, its picturesque, sophisticated expressive nature and ornamental, patterned forms were alien to the artistic consciousness of the ancient Greeks, originally stood on an earlier stage of social development than the state of the Aegean world who had passed to the slavement.

12 - 8 centuries. BC. There were an era of the addition of Greek mythology. The mythological nature of the consciousness of the ancient Greeks received its most complete and consistent expression in epic poetry during this period. In large cycles of epic songs, there was a reflection of the submission of the people about his life in the past and present, about the gods and heroes, the origin of the Earth and the sky, as well as the folk ideals of valor and nobility. Later, already during the archaic period, these oral songs were reduced into large artistically completed poems.

The ancient epic, along with an inextricably linked mythology, expressed in his images the life of the people and his spiritual aspirations, having a huge impact on the subsequent development of Greek culture. His themes and plots, rethought in accordance with the spirit of time, were designed in drama and lyrics, reflected in sculpture, painting, drawings on vases.

Fine arts and architecture of G. Greece with all their directly folk origin did not reach the breadth of public life, nor the artistic perfection of epic poetry.

The most early (from those who came to us) are artistic works are the vases "geometric style", decorated with a geometric ornament applied by brown paint along the palee background of the clay vessel. The ornament covered the vase is usually in its upper part of it with a number of ring belts, sometimes filled its entire surface. The most complete idea of \u200b\u200bthe "geometric style" is given by the so-called dipilone vases related to 9 to 8 centuries. BC. and found by archaeologists on the ancient cemetery near the Dipilon gates in Athens (Ill. 112). These very large vessels, sometimes height almost in human growth, had a burial and cult destination, in shape repeating clay vessels that served to storing large quantities of grain or vegetable oil. On Dipilon Amphoras, the ornament is especially abundant: the pattern consists most often from pure geometric motifs, in particular, the Méander's braid (Messenger ornament remained as an ornamental motive and throughout the development of Greek art). In addition to the geometric ornament, a schematic vegetative and animal ornament was widely used. Figures of animals (birds, beasts, such as Lani, etc.) repeated repeated during individual ornament bands, giving the image clear, although the monotonous rhythmic system.

An important feature of the later Dipilon VAZ (8th century BC) is the introduction into the pattern of primitive scene images with schematitized, which are reduced almost to the geometric sign of people figures. These plot motifs are very diverse (the rite of mourning the deceased, the contest of chariots, floating ships, etc.). With all its schematic and primitiveness, the figures of people and especially animals have a well-known expressiveness in the transmission of the general nature of the movement and the visibility of the story. If, in comparison with the painting of critical-mix VAZ images on Dipilian vases of more coarse and primitive, then in relation to the art of a profile society, they will certainly mark a step forward.

The sculpture of Homeric time reached us only in the form of fine plastics, mostly of a clearly religious nature. These small figurines depicting gods or heroes were made from terracotta, ivory or bronze. Terracotta figurines found in Besotia, completely covered with ornaments are distinguished by primitiveness and uninfected forms; Separate parts of the body are barely outlined, others are exorbitant. Such, for example, the figure of the seated goddess with the child: her legs are merged with the seat (throne or bench), the nose is huge and is similar to the beak, the transmission of the anatomical structure of the body is absolutely not interested in the wizard.

Along with terracotta statuette, bronze existed. "Hercules and Centaur" and "Horse" found in Olympia and related to the end of the Homeric period (Ill. 113 a), give a very visual idea of \u200b\u200bthe naive primitiveness and schematism of this small bronze plastic, intended for dedication to the gods. The statuette of the so-called "Apollo" from Boeotia (8 century BC) with its elongated proportions and the general construction of the figure resembles the images of a person in critical-mix art, but sharply differs from them frontal frost and a schematic conditionality of facial and body transmission.

The monumental sculpture of Homeric Greece has not reached our time. About her character can be judged by the descriptions of the ancient authors. The main type of this sculpture was the so-called KSOs - idols made of wood or stone and representing, an imaginary, rudely treated tree trunk or a stone block, completed by barely planned image of the head and damn face. Some concept about this sculpture can give geometrically simplified bronze images of the gods found during the separation of the temple in Dreros on the Crete built in the 8th century. BC. Dorians, long before that settled on this island.

Only some terracotta figurines from Beotia belonging to the 8th century, such as a figurine depicting a peasant with a plow (illustrate 113 6), have the features of a more lively relationship to the real world. Despite the naivety solution, this group is relatively more truthful in motion motive and less linked by the immobility and conventionality of the art of the Homeric period. In this kind of images, you can see some parallel created at the same time an epic of the Hesiod, chasing peasant labor, although here the visual art looks very strongly retained from the literature.

To the 8th century, and perhaps also to the 9th century. BC, there are both the oldest remnants of monuments of early Greek architecture (the temple of Artemis of Orfia in Sparta, the temple in the thermos in Etolia, mentioned by the temple in Dreros in Crete). They used some traditions of the Mycenaean architecture, mainly a general plan similar to Megaron; The foci-altar was placed inside the temple; On the facade, as in Megaron, two columns were put. The most ancient of these structures had a wall of raw bricks and a wooden frame, set on a stone base. Preserved remnants of ceramic facing of the upper parts of the temple. In general, the Architecture of Greece in the Homeric period was at the initial stage of its development.

In the development of the culture of peoples who lived with the Mediterranean Sea, the Aegean culture played a major role. It developed on the islands and shores of the Aegean Sea, in the eastern part of the Mediterranean, for almost two thousand years, from 3,000 to 1200 BC.

Cretan and mycke construction art. Mycher's fortresses, palaces and tombs. Architecture of ancient Greece. Periods for the development of Greek architecture.

Homerian period. Archaic. Classic: Early Classic, High Classic, Late Classic. Hellenism. The originality of the historical development of ancient Greece. The formation of medieval art in Byzantium and the countries of the Middle East.

Essay on the ancient art Vasopan of Orientalizing Style Minsk, 2000 "... Neither desert, nor steppes. Nothing endless, except blue, calm sky. The land in which is here, then the sea is wide there. Transparent air and pouring all piercing and all illuminating light.

Ancient kingdom (30-24th century BC). The art of the Middle Kingdom (21-18 centuries BC). Executiveness of the new kingdom (16-11th century BC).

a piece of ancient Greece, who played the most important role in the development of culture and art of mankind, was determined by the public and historical development of Greece, deeply different from the development of the countries and the peoples of the Ancient East.

Stages of the development of Greek culture. Mythology of Archaic Greece. Golden Age Athens. Masterpieces of ancient Greek literature: Alcay, Echil, Sofokl, Aristophane. Greek ceramics of the archaic era. The crisis of the Greek policy, his signs. Homer "Iliad", "Odyssey".

During the period of Archaika (7 - 6 centuries. BC) Greek art is far away from primitive forms of art of the Homeric period. It became incomparably more difficult and, most importantly, entered the path of realistic development.

The largest number of preserved monuments of Etruscan art refers to the 6th - early 5th century. BC. At this time, Etrury was experiencing a strong impact of Greek culture, and in the same period Etruscan art experienced his flourishing.

Classical Greece separates from Greece with a mycean three and a half or even four centuries of the so-called. "Myna Regression" or "Dark Ages". Also, this period is called "geometric style".

In the formation of the art of peoples who lived in the Mediterranean basin, the so-called Aegean, or Crete-Mixed Art was played a huge role. Aegean culture developed and developed in the III-II millennia BC. e.

A clearer picture of art development can be scheduled only since the formation of class society in Central Asia. This process began in Central Asia in the second quarter of 1 millennia BC.

In this period, Greek mythology and epos are developing from the generic building to the early slave-owned class society. Greeks were pagans. They worshiped many gods, at the head of which stood Zeus.

Abstract Theme: Artistic culture of ancient Greece during the period of archaic and early classics. Student 9 "g" class of secondary school No. 23 Borisova Margolina Ilya.

Traces of human activity in the valley of the Nile go to the oldest times. A comparatively solid idea of \u200b\u200bthe components of the Society, monuments give, starting from 5 millennia BC. They talk about the primitive community character of society.

Study of early literary monuments, works created by Homer and Hesiod. Historical information, features of the literary creativity of Homer. The language of Homer's poems, Homer in antiquity, the puzzle of the personality of Homer. Features of mythology of the Gesiod.

Consideration of the time framework of the existence, features of wall painting, architecture, religious, philosophical views, artistic arts and arts of the ancient civilization of the ancient Greece of croto-mixed culture in the period of Homer, Archaika, heyday.

Y. Kolpinsky

12 - 8 centuries. BC. There were an era of the addition of Greek mythology. The mythological nature of the consciousness of the ancient Greeks received its most complete and consistent expression in epic poetry during this period. In large cycles of epic songs, there was a reflection of the submission of the people about his life in the past and present, about the gods and heroes, the origin of the Earth and the sky, as well as the folk ideals of valor and nobility. Later, already during the archaic period, these oral songs were reduced into large artistically completed poems.

Fine arts and architecture of G. Greece with all their directly folk origin did not reach the breadth of public life, nor the artistic perfection of epic poetry.

12 - 8 centuries. BC. There were an era of the addition of Greek mythology. The mythological nature of the consciousness of the ancient Greeks received its most complete and consistent expression in epic poetry during this period. In large cycles of epic songs, there was a reflection of the submission of the people about his life in the past and present, about the gods and heroes, the origin of the Earth and the sky, as well as the folk ideals of valor and nobility. Later, already during the archaic period, these oral songs were reduced into large artistically completed poems.

Fine arts and architecture of G. Greece with all their directly folk origin did not reach the breadth of public life, nor the artistic perfection of epic poetry.

112. Dipilon amphora. 9-8 centuries. BC e. Athens. National Museum.

The most early (from those who came to us) are artistic works are the vases "geometric style", decorated with a geometric ornament applied by brown paint along the palee background of the clay vessel. The ornament covered the vase is usually in its upper part of it with a number of ring belts, sometimes filled its entire surface. The most complete idea of \u200b\u200bthe "geometric style" is given by the so-called dipilone vases related to 9 to 8 centuries. BC. And those found by archaeologists on the ancient cemetery near the Dipilon gates in Athens. These very large vessels, sometimes height almost in human growth, had a burial and cult destination, in shape repeating clay vessels that served to storing large quantities of grain or vegetable oil. On Dipilon Amphoras, the ornament is especially abundant: the pattern consists most often from pure geometric motifs, in particular, the Méander's braid (Messenger ornament remained as an ornamental motive and throughout the development of Greek art). In addition to the geometric ornament, a schematic vegetative and animal ornament was widely used. Figures of animals (birds, beasts, such as Lani, etc.) repeated repeated during individual ornament bands, giving the image clear, although the monotonous rhythmic system.

113 a. Horse. Hercules and Centaur. Bronze statuettes from Olympia. 8 in. BC e. New York. Metropolitan Museum.

Along with terracotta statuette, bronze existed. "Hercules and Centaur" and "Horse" found in Olympia and related to the end of the Homeric period give a very visual idea of \u200b\u200bthe naive primitiveness and schematization of this small bronze plastics, intended for dedication to the gods. The statuette of the so-called "Apollo" from Boeotia (8 century BC) with its elongated proportions and the general construction of the figure resembles the images of a person in critical-mix art, but sharply differs from them frontal frost and a schematic conditionality of facial and body transmission.

113 6. PAKAR. Terracotta from Boeotia. 8 in. BC e. Paris. Louvre.

Only some terracotta figurines from Boeotia belonging to the 8th century, such as a statuette depicting a peasant with a plow, possess the features of a more lively relationship to the real world. Despite the naivety solution, this group is relatively more truthful in motion motive and less linked by the immobility and conventionality of the art of the Homeric period. In this kind of images, you can see some parallel created at the same time an epic of the Hesiod, chasing peasant labor, although here the visual art looks very strongly retained from the literature.

End of work -

This topic belongs to the section:

Universal history of art

Primitive art Origin of art as a special area of \u200b\u200bhuman .. Introduction .. The gradual development of the productive forces and related the first successes of the division of labor were created within ..

If you need additional material on this topic, or you did not find what they were looking for, we recommend using searching for our work base:

What we will do with the material obtained:

If this material turned out to be useful for you, you can save it to your social networking page:

All the themes of this section:

About book
"Universal Art History" Tom I Academy of Arts of the USSR Institute theore

From the editorial board
B.V.Vimarn, B.R.Vipper, A.A.Gumber, M.V. Dobroclon, Yu.D. Kolpinsky, V.F. Lenson-Lessing, K.A. Sitney, A.N.Tikhomirov, A.D.hegodayev "Universal Art History" prepared by the TEO Institute

Universal art history. Volume 1.
Art of the ancient world: primitive art, art of anterior Asia, ancient Egypt, Aegean art, the art of ancient Greece, Hellenistic art, the art of ancient Rome, Northern

Origin of art
N.Dmitriyev Art as a special area of \u200b\u200bhuman activity, with its own independent tasks, special qualities serviced by artist professionals, has become possible

The main stages of the development of primitive art
V.Shleys Primitive art, that is, the art of the era of the primitive-communal system, developed for a very long time, and in some parts of the world - in Australia and Oceania, in m

Aegean art
N.brichov in the development of the culture of peoples who lived with the Mediterranean Sea, the Aegean culture played a major role. It developed on the islands and shores of the Aegean Sea, in the eastern part of the Mediterranean

The overall characteristics of the culture and art of ancient Greece
The art of ancient Greece, who played the most important role in the development of culture and art of mankind, was determined by the public and historical development of Greece, deeply different from the development of countries and

Art of Greek Archaika
During the period of Archaika (7 - 6 centuries. BC) Greek art is far away from primitive forms of art of the Homeric period. It became incomparably more difficult and, most importantly, a realist entered the path

Art of the era of Hellenism
At the end of the 4th century BC. The slave-ownership states of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East entered into a new period of their historical and cultural development, which received the name of Ell in science

Art of ancient Rome
From the end of 1 century. BC. The leading importance in the ancient world acquires Roman art. At this time, Rome becomes a global power. The crisis of the slave-owned system of Hellenistic states,

Etruscan art
The country of Etruscov, located on the shores of the Tyrrhenian Sea, extended east to the Apennine mountain range. Northern Etrryry Border at the end of the 7th century. BC. reached the river by, and in the south

Art of the Roman Republic
Foreign policy of the Roman Republic since the establishment of a republican system at the end of 6 c. BC. Before the beginning of the period of the empire at the end of 1 c. BC. divided into several stages. Per

Art of the Roman Empire 1 in. n. E.
By the end of 1 c. BC. The Roman state has become the largest slave owner. His extensive sizes caused the need for a complex state apparatus to manage a huge farm

The art of the Roman Empire 2 V. AD
For the Roman Empire 2 V. AD There was a period of growth in its territory, lifting culture and art and at the same time a period of strengthening the external and internal contradictions of the Roman slave-owner state

Art of Roman provinces 2 - 3 centuries. AD
In the history of the art of ancient Rome, the art of provinces occupies a significant place, whose flourishing belongs to 2 - 3 centuries. AD Western provinces - Spain, Gallium and others - were strong

Art of the Roman Empire 3 - 4 BB
In 3 c. The crisis of the Roman slave-ownership society deepened. Already in the first half of the century, on the board of the northern dynasty (193 - 235), the process of decomposition of the slave-owned system was aggravated, expanded

Art of Northern Black Sea
N.brichova Northern Black Sea region - the territory extending from the mouth of the Danube through the Crimea and the shores of the Azov Sea to the Caucasus coast. Pre-revolutionary Russian and Soviet archaeological on

Art of ancient Transcaucasia
V.Shleyev Adjusting the culture of tribes and codes of the Transcaucasus, who lived in the mountainous regions and valleys of Riona rivers, Chickens and Araks south of the Grand Caucasian Range, belongs to the oldest times 3 you

Art of Central Asia
M.Dyakonov Central Asia In the Soviet scientific literature, it is customary to call an extensive territory limited from the West by the Caspian Sea, from the south of Kopwe Daga and the Mountain System Hindukusch, with

Art of ancient India
N. Vinogradova, O.Prokofiev Culture of India - one of the most ancient cultures of mankind, continuously developing for several millennia. Throughout this time, numerous

Art of ancient China
N. Vinogradova studies of archaeologists found that the territory of China has been inhabited since the times of Lower Paleolithic. It is in China that the most ancient remains of the fossil person (