Geographical map of the hemispheres of the Earth in good quality. Physical Card.
They are different in geographical position, sizes and outlines, which affects the peculiarities of their nature.
Geographical location and continents
The continents are placed on the surface of the Earth unevenly. In the northern hemisphere, they occupy 39% of the surface, and in southern - only 19%. For this reason, the northern hemisphere of land is called mainland, and the southern - oceanic.
According to the Regulation relative to the equator, the mainland is divided into the group of southern and group of northern continents.
Since the continents are located in different latitudes, they receive an unequal amount of light and heat coming from the Sun. In the formation of the nature of the continent, its area plays an important role: the larger the mainland, the greater the territories devoted from the oceans and not experiencing their impact. Mutual location of the continents has a large geographical value.
Geographical location and sizes of oceans
Separating continents differ from each other with dimensions, properties of water, flow systems, features of the organic world.
And have a similar geographical position: they are stretched from the northern polar circle to. Almost entirely is in the southern hemisphere. The special geographical position of y - it is located around the North Pole within the Arctic Polar Circle, covered with sea ice and is isolated from other oceans.
The border of continents with the oceans passes along the coastline. It can be straight or rugged, that is, having many protrusions. Sliced \u200b\u200bcoastal lines have many seas and bays. Passing deep into land, they have a significant impact on the nature of the mainland.
Interaction of continents and oceans
Sushha and water have different properties, while they are constantly in close cooperation. Oceans strongly affect the natural processes on the mainland, but also the continents take part in the formation of the nature of the nature of the oceans.
The physical card is a generalographic map, transmitting the appearance of the territory and water area. It is usually medium or small scale and is reviewed. The physical card shows detail the relief and hydrography, as well as sands, glaciers, floating ice, reserves, mineral deposits; Less detail - socio-economic elements (settlements, messages, borders, etc.).
Knowledge that we can get with the help of a card is great and helpful. They will come in handy in the future. This is the location of the mainland and countries; rivers and lakes terrain; remoteness from the initial meridian; capital Cities; height of mountain systems and groats; Place finding a particular geographical object. All this we can get only looking at the physical map of the world.
Physical map of the world
Physical map of Russia
The physical map of Russia gives a visual idea of \u200b\u200ba complex relief, different by origin, the history of formation and external morphological features. It is distinguished by large contrasts: in the Russian and West Siberian plains of heights, heights are tens of meters, and in the mountains in Yu. And V. Countries reach hundreds of meters. In the north of the Russian Plain, low mountains of hibin, Timan, Pai-Hoy, and on Y. Ravenina goes to the Caspian and Priazovskaya lowland, between which the foothills extend, and then the mountainous structures of the Caucasus.
Comparatively low and smoothed Ural XP. Separates European Russia from extensive plains Zap. Siberia, which further to the east, are replaced by an extensive medium-grained plate, and then Far Eastern and Pacific mountain belts. In the south of Russia, the systems of the ridges and Nagrai are stretched, reaching the heights of 3000-5000 m.
Physical map of Africa
Physical map of hemispheres
Physical map of Europe
Physical map Eurasia
Physical map of America
On some cards depicts separate relatively small territories, and on others - entire continents or oceans. What is the hemispheres on the physical map? What is its scale? And what information can I "endure" from it? Answers to all these questions you will definitely find in our article.
A few words about the maps
Cartography originated at about the same time as writing. In ancient times, our ancestors painted on the walls of the caves and cliffs primitive plans, on which they denote the important features of the terrain in which they lived. The first world map, according to scientists, was created in Babylon about 3 thousand years ago.
Cartography bloomed in the so-called era of great geographical discoveries. Numerous travelers and navigators were created hundreds of sufficiently detailed and interesting cards. All information obtained during travels to distant and unknown edges were applied.
Despite the course of time, the card did not become archaism and kept its meaning to the present day. In modern science, there is even a special research method - cartographic. Today, geographical maps are used in various sectors of the national economy - urban planning, planning of territories, agriculture, transport, meteorology, tourism, etc.
Maps are different: physical, economic, recreational, climatic, synoptic, geological, political and many more, many others. On physical maps depicted by the mainstream and oceans. You can also see hydrographic objects (rivers, seas, lakes), various forms and sometimes the largest cities.
Back in 150 BC, the ancient Greek scholar Kratty Mallian created the first three-dimensional model of the Earth - Globus. However, it was later that it was not so convenient to use this model in practice. In a long walking expedition, you will not take it, and in the road backpack he will definitely not fit. In addition, when you look at the globe, you see only one half of it. This is also not always convenient.
Apparently, therefore, the Hemispheres of the Earth were invented. Without distortion here, of course, do not do. But then such cards make it possible to contemplate the entire picture of the world at once, because two halves of our huge planet are shown on them. If you leave the globe along the equator, then we will get a map of the Northern and South Hemispheres. If you split the planet to zero (Greenwich) meridian, then it turns out, respectively, the map of the Western and Eastern hemispheres.
Scale of a physical card hemisphey
Scale is a purely mathematical concept. This is the ratio of the length of the segment on the geographic map or plan to the real length of the same segment on the ground. For example, we have a topographic map with the following scale: 1: 2000. This means that one centimeter on it corresponds to two thousand centimeters (or twenty meters) on the ground.
Physical maps of hemispheres are reviewed and are used for training purposes (usually in the wall variant). Therefore, they are usually small-scale. The scale of physical cards Hemispheres most often range from 1:15,000,000 to 1:80,000,000. That is, the distance between Kiev and Moscow does not exceed 3-4 centimeters.
What is depicted on the physical card Hemissemi
On a physical map of any scale, various natural objects are displayed primarily. What exactly? What is depicted on the physical hemisphere of the earth specifically? Let's list all these objects.
- Molds of relief of hill, plateaus, mountain ranges).
- Elements of the coastline (island, peninsula, bay, straits, bays, capes).
- Objects of hydrography (sea, oceans, rivers, lakes, canals, large reservoirs, glaciers).
- Elements of underwater relief (basins, oceanic ridges, gutters).
- Capital and largest cities.
The Earth's map shows three continents (North and South America, Antarctica) and three oceans (quiet, Atlantic and northern ice), on the map of Eastern hemisphere - four continents (Eurasia, Africa, Australia and Antarctica) and four oceans (Northern Arctic, Atlantic , Quiet and indian).
How to read a physical card
Any geographical map has its own specific language. Knowing this language, you can learn to read it correctly. First of all, you should pay attention to the map scale. Most often it is placed in the upper left corner of the sheet. The scale is indicated not only in the numerical version, but also in linear so that the process of determining distance distance on the map was as convenient as possible.
The conventions on the physical card of the hemisphere is not too much (as a rule, no more than two dozen). So, the rivers are marked with dark blue lines, lakes and reservoirs - blots of blue. Mainland ice and eternal snow are shown with a series of blue dots parallel to each other. Such a "pattern" is covered by most of Antarctica and Greenland.
On physical maps you can meet some other conditional signs (see photo below). The relief on them is displayed using various shades. It is worth telling about it in more detail below.
Display relief on physical map
Under each physical map, the so-called altitude scale and depths with numeric marks in meters are presented. The shape of the earth's surface is indicated by different colors, depending on the absolute height of the terrain. So, lowlands are shown in green, elevation - yellow, mountain systems and ridges - orange or dark brown.
The same is with depths. The shallow water of the oceanium is marked with a light blue tint. But deep plots are shown more rich in blue. Here the principle is: the deeper - the same darker.
The absolute heights of individual points on the sushi surface are black, and the depths of the seas and oceans are blue.
Physical map of the world Allows you to see the relief of the earth's surface and the location of the main mainland. The physical card gives a general idea of \u200b\u200bthe location of the seas, oceans, complex relief and height differences in various parts of the planet. On the physical map of the world, you can clearly consider mountains, plains and systems of the ridges and commercials. The physical maps of the world are widely used in schools when studying geography, as it is a basic for understanding the main natural features of different parts of the world.
Physical map of the world in Russian - relief
The physical map of the world displays the surface of the Earth. The space of the earth surface accommodates all natural resources and wealth of humanity. The earth's surface configuration predetermines the entire course of human history. Change the continental boundaries. Throw otherwise the direction of the main mountain ranges change the direction of the rivers, remove one or another strait or bay, and the whole history of mankind becomes different.
"What is the surface of the Earth? The concept of the surface has the same meaning as the concept of a geographic shell and the concept of biosphere proposed by geochemists ... The ground surface of the volume is three-dimensional, and by taking the geographic shell of the unambiguous biosphere, underline the primary value of the living agent for geography. The geographic shell ends where a living matter ends. "
Physical map Hemispheres of land in Russian
Physical map of the world in the analic language from National Geographic
Physical map of the world in Russian
Good physical world map in English
Physical map of the world in Ukrainian
Physical map of land in English
Detailed physical map of land with basic flows
Physical map of the world with borders of states - Physical World Map with State Borders
Map of geological regions of the Earth - Geological Map of the World "s regions
Physical Map of the World with Ice and Clouds - A Physical Map Of The World with the Ice and Clouds
Physical Map of Earth - Physical Map of The Earth
Physical Map of the World - A Physical Map of The World
The great meaning of the structure of continents for the fate of mankind is indisputable. The abyss between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres disappeared only 500 years ago from the time of travel of Spaniards and Portuguese to America. Prior to this connection between the peoples of both hemispheres, there were mainly only in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean.
The deep introduction of northern continents in the Arctic has long made out of an inaccessible path around their northern shores. The close alignment of the three main oceans in the region of the three Mediterranean seas created the possibilities of their compounds with a natural (Malacca Strait) or artificial path (Suez Canal, Panaman Canal). The chains of the mountains and the location predetermined the movement of peoples. Extensive plains led to the unification of people under one state will, strongly dissected spaces contributed to the storage of state fragmentation.
The dismemberment of America by rivers, lakes and mountains led to the formation of the Indian peoples, which, as a result of their isolated, could not withstand Europeans. The sea, continents, mountain chains and rivers form natural boundaries between countries and peoples (F. Fatell, 1909).