Russian phraseologism and their meaning. Goal like Sokol.

The winged expressions help more precisely express thought, give speech more emotional color. They allow in several short, but accurate words to express more emotions and transfer personal attitude to what is happening.

1 quiet sapoy

Initially, this expression meant to hidden dust or a secret tunnel. The word "TsAPPA" (translated from Italian) means "shovel for earthwork".
Borrowed to French, the word turned into a French "SAP" and gained the importance of "earthy, troops and saws", from this word also arose the word "sapper".

In Russian, the word "Sap" and the expression "quiet Sapa" meant works that are conducted with extreme caution, without noise, in order to get to the enemy unnoticed, in full secret.

After widespread, the expression received a value: carefully, in deep secrecy and slowly (for example, "so he drags all food from the kitchen!").

2 nor zgi is not visible

According to one of the versions, the word "ZGA" happened from the name of the part of the horse harness - the ring at the upper part of the arc, in which the reason was encouraged, so as not to hang out. When the yamchik was needed to straighten the horse, and it was so dark that this ring (ZGI) was not visible, they said that "I could not see ZGI."

According to another version, the word "ZGA" occurred from the Old Russian "Eatga" - "Road, Path, Path". In this case, the meaning of expression is interpreted - "so dark that even the roads, trails are not visible." Today, the expression "nor zgi is not visible", "no ZGI does not see" means "nothing can be seen", "impenetrable darkness".

Blind blind leads, and both zgi do not see. (Ambassador)

"Above the Earth hangs darkness: ZGI is not visible ..." (Anton Chekhov, "Mirror")

3 Dance from the stove

The expression "dance from the stove" for the first time appeared in the novel of the Russian writer of the XIX century Vasily Sleptsova "Good man." The book came out in 1871. It has an episode when the main character of Serbanev's main character remembers how he was taught, and he did not work out from the teacher dance. The book has phrase:

- Oh, what you're, brother! - Father says with reproach. - Well, step again to the stove, start first.

Vasily Alekseevich Sleptsov. 1870.

In Russian, this expression has become used, speaking of people who have the habit of acting on a configuration scenario replaces knowledge. A person can perform certain actions only "from the stove", from the very beginning, from the simplest and usual action:

"When he (architect) ordered a plan, he usually devil at first the hall and a hotel; As at the past time, the institutes could only dance from the stove and his artistic idea could proceed and develop only from the hall to the living room. " (Anton Chekhov, "My Life").

4 Shabby View

In the time of Tsar Peter I, Ivan Shave, an entrepreneur who received from the emperor Yaroslavl textile manufactory. The factory produced the matter called "Fine", or "Pestrying", in the people of the nicknamed "shabby", "shave" - \u200b\u200bcoarse and low-quality cloth from hemp (hemp fiber).
From the silence of clothes, the clothes are mostly poor people who could not buy something better. And the view of such poor people was appropriate. Since then, the person is dressed in a sloppy, about him and they say that he has a shabby look:

"Honey girls fed poorly, dressed in a sideline and gave a little to sleep, exhausing almost continuous operation." (Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, "Poshekhonskaya Starina")

5 Short Lyasi

To sharpen a lady means to trim, engage in useless chatter. Lyasi (bales) are accurate figured railing columns at the porch.

First, "accurate bales" meant to maintain elegant, bizarre, Vitivatuyu (like bales) conversation. However, the craftsmen did such a conversation a little and over time the expression began to denote empty chatter:

"It happened, it happened, in a circle, who on the shop, who is simply the ground, each with some kind of business, rustice, comb or cough, and go and go to the lady yes to beat about a different time." (Dmitry Grigorovich, "Village").

6 Lying like a blue megrin

To lie like a blue member, means to say noby, no confusing. In the XIX century in one of the regiments of the Russian army, an officer was served by the German von Sivers-Mering surname. He loved to tell the officers of funny stories and non-residents. The expression "lying, like Sivers-Mering," was understandable only to his colleagues. However, they began to consume all over Russia, finally forgetting about the origins. The people appeared in the people: "Leniv, like a blue Merin," "Stupid, like a blue Merin," although the horsepower has nothing to do with this.

7 Bullshit

According to one of the versions, the expression "nonsense of a silent mare" occurred from "lying, like a blue gear" (in fact, these two phrases are synonyms)
There is also a version that the expression "nonsense of a silent mare" began on behalf of one scientist - Brad Steve Cobile, which somehow wrote a very stupid article. His name, consonant with the words "nonsense of a silent mare" correlated with scientific nonsense.

According to another version, the "nonsense mare" is an expression denoting a stupid statement or thought; It appeared due to the beliefs of the Slavs to the fact that a bustling horse (gray with an admixture of another color) was the most stupid animals. There was a sign, according to which if a cross mare dictates, then the dream is deceived.

8 Androna rout

"Androna ride" means nonsense, nonsense, nonsense, complete nonsense.
In Russian, this phrase is used in response to someone who speaks of a lie, inappropriately important and boasts about themselves. In the 1840s in the territory of almost all of Russia, Andron, Andron meant a cart, various kinds of carts.

"And my house does not have to scold you! - Do I have been scolding? .. Put, Petrovka, Androna go! (Pavel Zarubin, "Dark and Bright Parties of Russian Life")

9 Biryukom live

Mikhail Golubovich in the film "Biryuk". 1977 year.

The expression "Biryukom live" means being a hermit and a closed person. In the southern regions of Russia, Biryukom is called Wolf. The wolf has long been considered dangerous for the farm with a predatory beast. The peasants perfectly studied his habits and habits and often recalled them, speaking about a person. "Oh, and you aged you, the brother! - Slutfully said Dunyashka. - Some kind of gray, like Biryuk. " (Mikhail Sholokhov, "Silent Don")

10 In Biryulki play

Biryulki - various small household items that were used during an old game. Her meaning was to pull out one toy for another from a bunch of toys from a hand or a special crochet, without scattering the rest. A pesting neighboring Biryulka passes the course of the next player. The game continues until you figure it out. By the beginning of the twentieth century, Biryulki became one of the most popular games in the country and were very common not only in children, but also in adults.

In the figurative sense, the expression "Play in Biryulki" means engage in trifles, nonsense, leaving aside the main and important:

"After all, I came to the workshop to work, rather than sit back, but playing Biryulki." (Mikhail Novorussky "Notes Shliselburger")

11 Pies with kittens

In Russia, they never ate cats, except that in a strong hunger. With prolonged sieges of cities, their inhabitants, exhausting all the grocery reserves, people used in domestic food, the cats and cats went later.

Thus, this expression means a catastrophic state of affairs. Usually, the saying is reduced and say: "These are the pies", in other words "these are".

12 Survive unsolon bread

In Russia, the salt was an expensive product in Starin. It was necessary to carry it on the off-road, taxes on salt were very high. Coming to visit, the owner Soliped food himself, his hand. Sometimes, expressing his respect, especially expensive guests, he even sent me to food, and those who sat at the far end of the table, sometimes did not get salt at all. Hence, the expression - "leave no autolon bumping":

"And the more she spoke, and the sincere smiles, the stronger the confidence in me that I would leave for some kind of slamming." (Anton Chekhov "Lights")

"Lisiza missed the fideline and went away with no insolence bumping." (Alexey Tolstoy "Fox and Rooster")

13 Shemyakin Court

Illustration to the tale "Shemyakin Court". Copper engravings, first half of the XVIII century. Reproduction.

The expression "Shemyakin Court" is used when they want to emphasize the injustice of any opinion, judgment or evaluation. Shemyaka is a real historical face, Galitsky Prince Dimitri Shemyak, famous for its cruelty, cunning and unrighteous affairs. He became famous for tireless, stubborn struggle with the Grand Duke Vasily Dark, his cousin, for the Moscow throne. Today, when they want to point out the bias, the injustice of some judgment, they say: "Is it criticism? Shemyakin is some kind of ".

According to AIF.ru.

On this page shows the phraseologisms of various kinds, everything is described in detail and decomposed on the shelves so that everything is convenient. Otherwise they are called phraseological circulation. These are such phrases that do not correspond to their true words according to the composition of their composition, but at the same time agree in meaning. Proverbs and sayings do not count :-)

As you have already noticed, sorted by groups. The most sought-after of them relate to water, body parts (nose, language, etc.) and bread. And also about animals and food. So, let's go.

Phraseological units with the word "water" and with her associated

Storm in a teacup - Strong excitement or irritability of trifles.
WILLS WATER WATER SUPPORT - purely theoretically; That is, it is not known what will happen next.
Water in Seret Wearing - spend time in vain, idle.
Water in mouth dial - Silent, as if, in fact, the mouth is full of water.
Scrape - To identify the truth, expose, find out true face.
Come out dry from water - Stay unpunished, without consequences.
Drill wave - Provocate aggression, lift unnecessary noise.
Money as water - They are drunk very quickly, and they are not so easy to return them.
To stay afloat - Continue to develop contrary to difficulties, successfully conduct business.
Wait by the sea - Expect pleasant events that it is unlikely to rain.
Life abounds - When life is saturated with bright events, it does not stand still.
As in the water looked - predicted, as if he knew in advance. By analogy of divination by water.
How to go to the water - disappeared, disappeared without a trace.
Down in the mouth - About sadness, sadness.
How the water through the fingers - About what goes quickly and unnoticed. Usually in pursuit.
The same - Very similar.
How to drink to give - very simple; exactly undoubtedly.
Like water off a duck's back - Everything is not necessary. Similar to phraseology - Come out dry from water.
Like snow on the head - About a sharply impending event. Suddenly, suddenly, where neither take.
Cook in fly - Disappear forever, go to oblivion.
Swim in gold - On very rich people.
Loda tried - On the beginning of any case.
Pour water - Executive negative, provoke.
Many water leaks - a lot of time passed.
Reckless - About the broken person, who is not necessary.
Gloomy clouds - On excessive angry.
Torture water - confused, confuse.
At the top of the wave - To be in favorable terms.
Not spilling water - About strong, inseparable friendship.
Overflow from empty
To go with the flow - Act passively, submitting to the current circumstances.
Underwater rocks - About any hidden danger, trick, obstacles.
After the rain on Thursday - Never, or not at all soon.
Last straw - About the event, in which the patience of a person on the outcome.
Complete fire, water and copper pipes - Complete difficult tests, heavy situations.
Pond Prudi - Very much, Uym.
From face water do not drink - Love a person is not for appearance, but for internal qualities.
From the bottom of the sea get - Solve any problem, without looking at any difficulties.
Hide the ends into the water - Hide traces of the crime.
Cherry Water, below grass - About quiet, modest behavior.
Pumping water in a step - to engage in useless business.
Wash your hands - shy away from participation or responsibility in any matter.
Clean water - About anything is obvious, which has no doubt.

Phraseologism with the word "nose" and other parts of the body

Scurry - Grill, vigorously talk.
Hang nose - To come into despondency, disappear.
Nose - deceive, speak in a lie.
Chin up! - Do not lose heart command, do not be upset.
Turn up one's nose - put yourself above others, it is important to imagine the main thing.
Nick down - Remember completely.
Peer nose - Drempt, lowered his head low.
Wrinkle nose - reflect on a difficult task.
On the nose - About the event that should happen soon.
Not to see on your nose - Restless, not to notice what is happening around.
Nose to nose or Face to face - very close, on the contrary, very close.
Nose over the wind hold - To be aware of all events, make the right decision.
Stay with nose or Get off the nose - Do without what was counting on.
Under the nose - Very close.
With Gulkin Nos. - About the pigeon, who has a little nose, that is, very little.
To poke your nose in your own - On excessive curiosity.
Pok the nose - That is, while you don't have a nose with a nose, he will not see himself.
Lose nose - Prove your superiority, win the victory over someone.
Bounce a nose - fully immerse yourself in any case.

Talk through the teeth - That is, to speak in chance, barely opening your mouth.
Puddle - Distill from the essence of the conversation, distract attention.
Know - That is, know tightly firmly.
Sculp teeth or Show teeth - Through, angry; mock.
Not on the teeth - Caught.
Nor into the tooth - Not to do anything, nothing to know.
Put one's teeth - starve, bother, experiencing a flaw in something.
Squeeze - Go to battle, not despairing. Restrained without showing your weakness.

Keep your mouth shut - Silent, not to say a word.
Long tongue - About man who loving a lot to talk.
Bite a language - refrain from words.
Disgrace language - Speak too much, not refraining.
Language to swallow - Silent, without having a desire to speak.

Be careful - Be careful to avoid an emergency.
Keep the ears on top - Be careful, careful, do not trust anyone.
Behind the eyes and for the ears - About feeding time with a surcharge to make any business.
Do not see how your ears - About the subject that never will happen.
Red to the ear - Together, confused.
Swim ears - Listen with excessive hobbies, to trust everything.

Eyes on the forehead got out - About sincere surprise, amazement.
Eyes flared out - Passionately want something.
Eye shoot - Expressively, flirtary to look at someone.
Like Belmo on the eye - interfere with someone, bother.
Pull the wool over someone's eyes - Create a false, excessively pleasant impression of yourself. Brag.
From point of view - About one or another, judgment on one topic.
Watch through your fingers - Looking in dark on the problem, not to be picky.
Ogle - Attract attention, podium.

I will not take a mouth - About food, cooked tasteless.
Lip no fool - About a person who knows how to choose something to taste.
Inflate lip - Make a disgruntled face, offended.
Roll down - Want a lot with minimal opportunities.
With open mouth - listen attentively; be surprised.

Flew out of the head - On forgetfulness, inattention.
Have one's head - To be smart, smart.
Puzzle over "Strain, hard to think, trying to understand anything."
Fool your head - deceive, fool, confuse.
From head to toes - Fully, full of growth.
Kick - give the opposite meaning of anything, distort.
Broken head - very fast.
Hit the dirt - disgrace, torn apart before anyone.

Be on hand - About something available, close.
Keep one's hands - Keep self-control, be restrained.
As hand removed - About fast pain, illness.
Bite elbow - To regret the deed, with the inability to return back.
Do not finish hands - Perform work diligently, without breaks.
Hand in hand - About a joint, agreed deal or friendship.
Hand to subtle - about the facility located near, very close.
Grasp by both hands - Take a pleasure for any business.
Skillful fingers - About a talented person, skillfully copier with any work.

Get up not from that foot - Wake up without mood.
Wipe foot (about someone) - damage, act on the nerves, annoy.
Do legs - Go, move.
Step on heels - catch up with someone or pursue, hung on it.
Feet in hand - Immediately do something.
Fuck himself leather - On disorder, chaos in affairs or anywhere.
Make up - To be very tired in any matter or path.

Phraseologism with the word "bread"

There is a gift - Do not bring any benefit.
And then bread - about the estate at least something that is at all.
On their breads - To live on your salary, without the possibility of anyone.
Not a single bread - About man, living not only materially, but also spiritually.
Beat bread - to deprive the opportunity to earn, swinging the work.
Interrupt with bread on kvass (on water) - Live poorly, starve.
Boil - Featuring the cheapest food, save on food.
Daily bread - About the necessary person, its existence.
Bread-salt - Expensive greeting guests, invitation to the table.
Meal'n'Real! - Relax about feeding vital priorities.
Bread does not feed - About a strongly busy or rich, not a hungry person.

Phraseologisms on the topic of cuisine and food

Free cheese - Primka that is lured into the trap.
Boil in one's own juice - live your life. Or help yourself without the help of others.
Not worth a damn - About what is negligible and worth any costs.
A hole from the bagel - What is empty, which does not have any content.
For seven wool kisli bread - Go to somewhere without particular necessary.
Swear - Create a problem, they say, he brewed himself - himself and break.
And you can't lure - About someone who does not make anything to change its mind.
Like chickens - About getting into an unexpected misfortune. Chickens - in older worship "Rooster".
Like oil - Very simple, without difficulty.
Live like a lord - About profitable, comfortable life.
Porridge do not weld - About joint action with anyone, who will not be any sense.
Dairy rivers, ferrous shores - On the fabulous, fully secured life.
Not in its plate - feel awkward. In an uncomfortable situation.
Nonolono Bread - Without receiving what was counted on. To no avail.
For any - analogue of phraseologism And you can't lure.
Neither fish nor fowl - On the ordinary person who does not have anything bright, expressive.
Sliced \u200b\u200bLump - About a person who lives independently, independent of others.
Professor of sour - About a man, arguing about things, which he himself can really know.
Simply a guy repil - It's easier to nowhere, or very simple.
To fix the mess - solve complex, running problems.
Fish flies off the head - If the government is bad, then the subordinates will become the same.
On the side of the seam - About com- or something unnecessary, optional, secondary.
Seventh water on kisel - On distant relatives who are difficult to determine.
Dog to eat - About any matter with a rich volume of experience.
Curved Kalach - About a person with rich life experience not lost in difficult situations.
Horseradish radish is not sweeter - On an insignificant exchange for anything that is no better.
Worse than bitter radish - What about something completely unbearable, unquestioned.
Chephah on Lovely Oil - That no attention deserves. Implementation.
In an hour on a teaspoon - On inactive, unproductive work.

Phraseologists with animals

Chasing two hare - Trying to make two cases at the same time.
To make mountains out of molehills - greatly exaggerate.
Tease geese - annoy someone, cause anger.
Hedgehog is clear (goat is clear) - What is something very understandable, obvious.
And wolves are full, and sheep are intact - On the situation at which it is good here.
Search tails - Search for sources for cooperation in any enterprise.
Like a cat with a dog - Joint Life with a constant abuse.
Like chicken paws - Do something casually, sloppy, crooked.
How chicken with egg - About any item with which it is difficult to part.
Like a mouse on a bar - torture, express discontent, insult.
When cancer on grief whistles - Never, or very soon.
Cats scraper on the soul - About a dreary, hard condition or mood.
Crocodile tears - Crying without a reason, compassion on a non-existent feature.
Chicken on laughter - Stupid, ridiculous, reasonably, funny.
Chickens do not peck - About a lot of money from some person.
Lion - Great advantage towards something. The largest part.
Martishkin Labor - Useless work process, in vain efforts.
Bear on the ear came - About man without possession of musical hearing.
Bear corner - Calm, distant, deaf place. Divided from civilization.
Disservice - Help bringing more evil than good.
Cast pearls before swine - Move smart conversations in front of little understanding fools.
On the goat curve you will not come up - About any person to which it is difficult to find an approach.
On bird rights - Do not have any legal grounds for anything.
Not in the horse feed (oats) - On efforts that do not give the expected results.
Not having a halter tail - absolutely not necessary, not to the place.
Show where the crayfish is winter - Prediction of revenge, an undesirable position.
Lost red cock - Make arson, arrange a fire.
Bird's-eye - From a high height, giving a survey of a large space.
Pig lay - Attention, make unpleasant.
Watch like a ram on a new gate - To look at anything with a stupid expression.
Dog cold - A strong cold, delivering inconvenience.
Count raven - yawning, be inattentive for anything.
A dark horse - incomprehensible, little-known person.
Pull cat - Tighten the case, work very slowly.
Kill two hares immediately - At the same time solve two problems.
Although the wolf how - About any situation without the possibility of its change for the better.
Black cat runs - break friendly relationships, quarrel.

Phraseologisms with objects, other phraseologisms

Bugged hour - for a long time.
Beat eggs - To do simple, not so important.
Throw one's fate - Leave somewhere without helping and not interested.
Put a spoke in wheel - interfere, intentionally interfere with someone.
Mount to get around - Make any great deal.
Hold in pieces - To do with anyone strictly, for the benefit of his will.
Keep pocket wider - About too large and uncomfortable hopes, expectations.
From dirt to Kings - Suddenly and sharply achieve amazing success.
Out of the row - different from all ordinary, special.
To invent a bicycle - Trying to do something from the already verified, reliable means.
From time immemorial - has long been, for a long time.
Stone from the soul (from the heart) fell - a sense of relief when delighted from something oppressive.
Oil painting - Everything is good and beautifully coming.
Run a barrel - behave aggressively towards someone.
Mom does not burn - About something in an extraordinary, leaving the framework of the ordinary understanding of things.
Shide on soap - meaningless case, change one useless to another.
Cover copper pelvis - suddenly and sharply disappear, spoil; die
Found braid on stone - Faced in an irreconcilable contradiction of opinions, interests.
Does not burn - Not so important, not urgently.
Not far away - Near time, not too remote in time or in space.
Not flashed Shit - Not simple, not stupid.
It is too expensive - On the inconsistency of anyone income, financial opportunities.
From our table to your - On the transfer of any property to another person.
Put on a long box - Throw any case indefinitely.
Go too far - It is overly zealous in anything.
Song Spen - came the end to someone or something.
On the shoulder - About the opportunity to cope with something.
Essentially - Natural move, of course.
Fill - deliberately exacerbate the conflict, provoke.
The train left - I missed time to do something.
Once, two - and got - About something in small quantities, which is easy to count.
Born in shirt - On a very lucky person, miraculously avoided the tragedy.
Make ends meet - With difficulty to cope with the material difficulties.
Shift away - To do a lot.
Jerk - Be impatiently, waiting, if you wish to reach something.
At least henna - On the indifference of a person who is still up to someone else's trouble.

Ecology of life: Often, to achieve a certain speech effect of ordinary words, it is not enough. Irony, bitterness, love, mockery ...

Speech is a way to communicate between people. To achieve complete mutual understanding, more clearer and more likely to express its idea, many lexical techniques are used, in particular, phraseologist (Frameological unit, idioma) - Sustainable speech speeds that have an independent value and are characteristic of a specific language.

Often, to achieve a certain speech effect of ordinary words, it is not enough. Irony, bitterness, love, mockery, your own attitude to what is happening - all this can be expressed by much more efficient, more precisely, emotionally.

We often use phraseological units in everyday speech, sometimes not even noticing - after all, some of them are simple, familiar, and familiar from childhood. Many of the phraseologism came to us from other languages, epochs, fairy tales, legends.

"The game is not worth the candle" and other winged expressions

Augean stables

At first, these auguevy stables first, and go there and go.

Value. Signed, contaminated place where everything is in full disarray.

Origin. He lived in ancient Eloid, told in an ancient Greek legend, the king of Avgy, a passionate lover of horses: three thousand horses kept. In his stables. However, the stall in which horses were kept, no one was cleaning for thirty years, and they threw up the roof by manure.

Hercules was sent to the service to Avgia, to whom the king and instructed to clear the stables, which could not be able to make anyone else.

Hercules was as cunning, how many mighty. He sent a river water stable into the gate, and a stormy flow for a day washed away from there all dirt.

The Greeks melted this feat along with the other eleven, and the expression of Augean Stables began to apply to the whole launched, contaminated to the last limit and in general to designate a large disorder.

Arshin swallow

It is as if Arshin swallowed.

Value. Keep unnaturally straight.

Origin. The Turkish word "Arshin", meaning a measure of lengths in one elbow, has long been Russian. Until the revolution itself, Russian merchants and craftsmen were constantly used by the arches - wooden and metal rules in a length of seventy one centimeter. Imagine how a person who swallowed such a ruler should look like, and you will understand why this expression is applied towards the prim and arrogant people.

Whites jeese

In Pushkin's "Fairy Tale about Fisherman and Fish" An old man, indignant

shameless greed of his old woman, angry tells her:

"What are you, baba, whlen are smoked?"

Value. Whether to behave, viciously, like a crazy.

Origin. In the village on the backyards and landfills, you can meet high bushes with dirty yellowish, in purple curbs with flowers and an unpleasant smell. This is Belen - a very poisonous plant. Her seeds resemble the poppy, but the one who will eat them becomes indispensable: ragged, buffet, and often dies.

Buridanov décor

He is taking place, can not decide on how the dried borudanov.

Value. An extremely indecisive person, hesitating in the choice between equivalent solutions.

Origin. The philosophers of the late Middle Ages put forward the theory in which the actions of living beings depend not on their own will, "and exclusively from external reasons. Scientist Buridan (more precisely, Buridan, who lived in France in the XIV century, confirmed this thought as such an example. Take a hungry donkey and put On both sides of his muzzle, at equal distances, two identical hay oyans. The donkey will not be any reason to prefer one of them. Other: after all, they are exactly different. He will not be able to reach out to the right, nor to the left and in the end will die With hunger.

Let's go back to our branches

However, it is fully about that, back to our branches.

Value. The call to the speaker is not distracted from the main topic; The statement that his retreat from the topic of conversation ended.

Origin. Let's go back to our Baranam - Cataca with French Revenons a Nos Moutons from the farce "Lawyer Pierre Polen" (approx. 1470). These words, the judge interrupts the speech of the rich ship. Having aroused the case against the shepherd, who pulled his sheep, a bugster, forgetting about his litigation, shook the defender of the shepherd, a lawyer Penlen, who did not pay him for six elbows of Sukna.

Mustra Kolomenskaya

For such a milestone, Kolomna, like you, all immediately pay attention.

Value. This is called a very high growth person, versil.

Origin. In the village of Selo Kolomna, there was a summer residence of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. The road there was lively, broad and was considered the main thing in the state. And when they put huge verst pillars, which in Russia did not have happened, the glory of this road increased even more. Intelligent people did not fail to use the novelty and dubbed the cololometric vigorous man. So still say.

Nose

The clever man, more than once and not two drove the enemy per nose.

Value. Cheat, mislead, promise and not fulfill the promised.

Origin. The expression was associated with fair entertainment. Gypsies drove bears for showing the ring for the nose. And forced them, poor people, do different tricks, deceiving the promise of the hand.

Hair end

It covered horror: the eyes rolled out, the hair end.

Value. So they say when a person is very frightened.

Origin. "Stand end" is an empty, on the tips of the fingers. That is, when a man is frightened, he has hair like a tiptoe on his head stand.

That's where the dog is buried!

Oh, that's it! Now it is clear where the dog is buried.

Value. That's what is the matter, it is in this true reason.

Origin. There is a story: Austrian warrior Sigismund Alutetens all hiking and battles spent along with her beloved dog. Once, during a trip to the Netherlands, the dog even saved from the death of his master. The graceful warrior solemnly buried his four-legged friend and put a monument on his grave, stood over two centuries - until the beginning of the XIX century.

Later, the dog monument could be wanted by tourists only with the help of local residents. At that time, the saying was born "That's where the dog is buried!", Having the meaning now: "I found what I was looking for," "Dotted to the essence."

But there is more ancient and no less likely the source of the sayings that have reached us. When the Greeks decided to give the Persian king to Xerks the battle of the sea, they planted in advance on the vessels of old men, women and children and crossed them to the island of Salamin.

They say that the dog belonged to Xantippu, the father of Pericla, did not want to part with his owner, jumped into the sea and climb, after the ship, got to Salamin. I exhausted from fatigue, she immediately died.

According to the testimony of the historic of the antiquity of Plutarch, this dog was put on the seashore, the filmmaker - a dog monument, which was shown curious for a very long time.

Some German linguists believe that this expression was created by treasure detectors, who of fear before the unclean force, allegedly guarding every treasure, did not decide to directly mention the goal of their search and conditionally began to talk about a black dog, implying iodine of this feature and treasure.

Thus, according to this version, the expression "That's where the dog is buried" meant: "That's where the treasure is buried."

Pitch

For such things, they, of course, should be pushed by the first number!

Value. Sternly punish, scold someone

Origin. What is what, and this is a familiar expression for you ... And where did it get from your unhappy head! Do not believe it, but ... from the old school, where pupils are pouring every week, regardless of whether or to blame. And if the mentor is overwriting, then such a spanking was enough for a long time, until the first day of the next month.

Lock glasses

Do not believe it's glasses rubbing!

Value. To deceive anyone, presenting the case in a distorted, wrong, but beneficial for the speaker.

Origin. We are not talking about glasses that serve to remedy. There is another meaning of the word "glasses": red and black signs on playing cards. Since there are cards, there were in light and dishonest players, Shulera. They, to deceive the partner, started on all sorts of focuses. They were able to, by the way, imperceptibly "rubpoints" - turn the seven in the six or four to the top five, on the go, during the game, gluing "point" or making it a special white powder. It is clear that "rubbing glasses" began to mean "cheating", from here there were special words: "pointing", "point-shifter" - Delkach, who knows how to embellish his work, is bad for very good.

Voice in the wilderness

In vain work, you will not convince them, your words - a voice of blatant in the desert.

Value. Indicates in vain persistent, calls to which no one is chosen.

Origin. According to biblical legends, one of the Hebrew Prophets appealed from the desert to the Israelis to prepare the way to God: put the road in the desert, to make the mountains decreased, the dollars were filled, and curvature and irregularities straightened. However, the appeals of the prophet-hermit remained "the voice of the blatant in the desert" were heard. The people did not want to serve her fierce and cruel god.

Goal like Sokol.

Who is the good word to me? After all, I am a circle of orphan. Goal like falcon.

Value. Very poor, beggar.

Origin. Many people think about a bird. But she is not poor and not rich. In fact, the "Falcon" is an old military trumpet weapon. It was completely smooth ("naked") pig-iron dwarf fixed on chains. Nothing extra!

Naked truth

This is the state of affairs, naked truth without embellishment.

Value. True, as it is, without the bias.

Origin. This expression is Latin: Nuda Veritas [Nuda Veritas]. It is taken from the 24th ODD of the Roman Poet Horace (65 - 8 BC). Antique sculptors allegorically portrayed the truth (truth) in the form of a naked woman, which was to symbolize the true state of the belongings without default and gloves.

Mount onion

Yes, can you cook soup, onion mone.

Value. Temptation, unlucky person.

Origin. Effective volatile substances, in abundance in a bulb, act annoyingly on the eyes, and the hostess, as long as the bow crumble for their shabby, pour tears, although there is no slightened. It is curious that tears caused by the action of irritating substances, in chemical composition differ from sincere tears. In tears of fake more protein (this is not surprising, because such tears are designed to neutralize caustic substances that have fallen into the eye), so fake tears are slightly turbid. However, this fact, every person knows intuitively: there is no muddy tears of faith. And the grief of the onion is called not a grief, but the touch is transient. Most often, it is half a half, half-digitically refer to the child, who again examined.

Two-bit Yanus

She is lying, dodging and hypocritic, a real two-limit Janus.

Value. Double, hypocritical man

Origin. In the Roman mythology, God of all starts. He was depicted with two persons - a young man and an elder, - looking in opposite sides. One person is drawn to the future, the other is the past.

In the bag

Well, everything, now you can sleep quietly: it's in a hat.

Value. Everything is in order, everything successfully ended.

Origin. Sometimes explain the origin of this expression by the fact that in the days of Ivan the Terrible, some court cases were solved by lots, and the lot was drawn from a judge's hat. However, the word "hat" came to us no earlier than in the days of Boris Godunov, and it was used only to foreign headdresses. It is unlikely that a rare word could get at the very same advantage.

There is another explanation: _, much later than Dyaki and ordinary, disassembled court cases, used their hats to get bribes.

If you helped me, "says the plaintiff to Deak in a stingy poem. A. K. Tolstoy, - I would told her, she, in the cap ten rubles. Joke? "Razki now," said Dyack, substituting the cap. - Well!

It is very possible that for the question: "Well, how is my case?" - The orders were often answered with the desert winking: "Case in a hat." That's where the saying could be born.

Money does not smell

He took this money and did not frowned, the money does not smell.

Value. It is important to have money, not the source of their origin.

Origin. In order to urgently replenish the treasury, the Roman emperor Vespasian introduced a tax on public urinal. However, Tite reproached for this father. Vespasian raised money to the nose and asked if they smell. He answered negatively. Then the emperor said: "But they from urine ..." based on this episode there was a winged phrase.

Keep in black

Do not allow her to sleep in bed

With the light of the morning stars,

Keep lazy in black body

And do not remove the ulcers from it!

Value. Sternly, strictly handle someone, forcing a lot to work; Touch anyone.

Origin. The expression occurred from the Turkic expressions associated with horse breeding, meaning - moderately nourish, perish (Kara Keshek - meat without fat). Literal translation of these phrases is "Black Meat" (Kara - Black, Keshek - Meat). From the literal value of the expression and happened to "keep in a black body".

Bring to white

A nasty type, brings me to white cation.

Value. Relax to the limit, bring to rabies.

Origin. When the metal is heated with a forging, it is reduced depending on the temperature in different ways: first with red light, then yellow and, finally, dazzling white. At a higher temperature, the metal melts and boil. The expression from the speech of Kuznetsov.

Smoke kingdom

In Korchme smoke stood a rocker: songs, dances, scream, fight.

Value. Noise, gam, mess, turmoil.

Origin. In the old Russia, the huts were often treated in black: the smoke did not leave through the chimney, but through a special window or the door. And in the form of smoke predicted the weather. It goes the smoke pillar - it will be clear, the wolf is to the fog, the rain, the rocker - to the wind, bad weather, or even a bore.

Egyptian executions

What kind of punishment is, just the execution of Egyptian!

Value. Disasters bringing torment, severe punishment

Origin. Goes back to the biblical story about the outcome of the Jews from Egypt. For the refusal of Pharaoh let go of the Jews from captivity, the Lord subjected Egypt terrible punishments - ten executions of Egyptian. Blood instead of water. All water in Nile, other water bodies and tanks turned into Kor .OV, but remained transparent for Jews. Penalty frogs. As Pharaoh was promised: "They will come out and enter your house, and your bedroom, and your bed, and your houses of your slaves and the people of yours and your furnaces are yours, and your sauna. The toads filled the Egyptian land.

The invasion of the midges. As a third punishment on Egypt, Halleles of the midges hit Egypt, who attacked the Egyptians, stuck them, climbed into the eyes, her nose, ears.

Fly Flyes. The country was floodied by pezzles of flies, from which all animals, including home, began to throw themselves to the Egyptians.

Sea cattle. In all Egyptians, the cattle is filled, the attack did not touch the Jews. Ulcers and meadows. Lord commanded Moses and Aaron take on the handful of chimney soot and throw it up before the pharaoh. And they covered the bodies of Egyptians and animals by their terrible ulcers and membranes. Thunder, zipper and fire degrees. A storm began, thunder thundered, flashed lightning and fiery hail fell on Egypt. The invasion of locusts. Strong wind blew, and behind the wind flew into Egypt Horde Saraschi, sober up all the greens until the latter blasting on Egyptian land.

Unusual darkness. Darkness that fell into Egypt was thick and dense, it could even touch her; And candles and torches could not disperse darkness. Only the Jews were light.

Penalty penalty. After all the firstborn (with the exception of Jewish) died in Egypt in Egypt (with the exception of Jewish), Pharaoh surrendered and allowed the Jews to leave Egypt. So the outcome began.

Iron curtain

We live like behind the iron curtain, no one goes to us, and we do not have anyone.

Value. Barriers, obstacles, complete political isolation of the country.

Origin. At the end of the XVIII century. The iron curtain lowered the theater scene to protect the audience in the event of a fire on it. At that time, an outdoor fire was used to illuminate the scene - candles and oil luminaires.

Political coloring is the expression acquired during the First World War. On December 23, 1919, Georges Clemanso said in the French Chamber of Deputies: "We wish to put an iron curtain around the Bolshevism to continue not to destroy civilized Europe."

Yellow press

Where did you read it all? Do not trust the yellow press.

Value. Based, lying, falling on cheap sensation print.

Origin. In 1895, in the newspaper New York Warld, it was regularly published by a series of comics called "Yellow Kid". Her main character, a boy in a yellow shirt, a yellow shirt, made fun comments on various events. In early 1896, another newspaper, New York Morning Journal, lured to himself the creator of the comic book - the artist Richard Outcolt. Both publications flourished on the publication of scandalous materials. A dispute broke out between competitors due to the copyright of the "yellow baby." In the spring of 1896, the editor "New York Press" Erwin Warman, commenting on this litigation, contemptuously called both newspapers "yellow press".

Alive smoking

A. S. Pushkin wrote an epigram for Criticism M. Kachenovsky, started by the words:

"How! Already still smoking journalist? " She ended the wise advice:

"... how to zagasya smelly rauchinka? How to yell my smoking? Give me advice. "

"Yes ... spit on it."

Value. Exclamation when mentioning the ongoing activities of someone, its existence, despite difficult conditions.

Origin. There was an old Russian game: the buried rauchinka was passed from hand to hand, delivered: "Alive, sheer alive, alive, alive, not died! .." Lossed the one who had Lucik Gasla, began to smoke, smoke.

Gradually, the words "alive smoking" began to apply to those or other figures and to various phenomena, which would have to, according to the logic of things, have long disappeared, but, contrary to everything, continued to exist.

For family seals

Well, of course, because it is a mystery for you for family seals!

Value. Something inaccessible understanding.

Origin. Goes back to the biblical turnover "Book for seven seals" - a symbol of secret knowledge, inaccessible to the uninitiated, while it was not shot seven seals, W from the prophetic New Testament book "Revelation of St. John the Bogoslov. " "And I saw in his right hand at the book sitting on the throne, written inside and outside, sealed seven seals. And I saw an angel of a strong, proclaiming loud voice: "Who is worthy of revealing this book and take it off her?" And no one could neither in heaven, nor on earth, nor underground reveal this book and see it. The lamb who "was risen and his blood redeemed us to God, took the press from the book. After removing the six seals on the inhabitants of Israel, the seal of God was laid, according to which they were taken for the true followers of the Lord. After removing the seventh seal, the Lamb ordered John to eat a book: "... She will be bitter in your womb, but in your mouth will be sweet, like honey," to tell about the future update of all over the world and dispel the concerns of believers about the future of Christianity, to which with All sides are rapidly the Jews, pagans and false teachers. "

Nick down

And Zaruba is on your nose: you will not be able to deceive me!

Value. Remember firmly firmly, once forever.

Origin. The word "nose" does not at all mean the sense of smell. Whatever enough, it means "memorable plank", "tag for records". In ancient times, illiterate people were with themselves such sticks and smells and did all sorts of notes, scuba. These tags are nasalized.

Truth in wine

And near the neighboring tables, lackeys are sleepy sticking,

And drunkards with the eyes of rabbits "In Vino Veritas" scream.

Value. If you want to know exactly what a person thinks his fault of him.

Origin. This is the famous Latin expression: In Vino Veritas (Veritas). It is taken from the labor "Natural History" of the Roman Scientist Pole Senior (I C. N. E.). Where it is used in the meaning: that has a sober on the mind, then drunk in the language.

It is not worth it

Do not do it. The game is clearly not worth the candle.

Value. Estimated efforts do not justify themselves.

Origin. The basis of the phraseological expression lies a card term, meaning that the rates in the game are so insignificant that even the winnings will be less than those who are spent on the candles to illuminate the card table.

To hatching

Well, my brother, you came late, to the haguard disaster!

Value. Loose, appear when everything has already ended.

Origin. The saying arose in those times when people in our frosty country, coming to the church in warm clothes and knowing that they could not enter into the header, folded their trephies and the caps at the entrance itself. At the end of the church service, leaving everyone disassembled them. "To the hatching" came only one who was clearly hurried to church.

Like chickens in soup (get)

And he got with this business like chickens in soup.

Value. Unfortunate, unexpected misfortune.

Origin. Very common saying, which we repeat completely and beside, sometimes no idea of \u200b\u200bits true sense. Let's start with the word "chickens." This word in the old Russian language means "rooster". And "Schuy" in this saying before it was not, and she was uttered correctly: "I got into the chickens in the touch," that is, there was a jog, "not lucky." The word "tower" was forgotten, and then the people of the expression "in the tower" will be redone "in soup". When she was born, it was not entirely clear: some think that since Dimitri is an impostor, when "in the tower"; Polish conquerors fell; Others - that in the Patriotic War of 1812, when the Russian people were forced to escape the Horde of Napoleon.

King for a day

I would not trust them with generous promises that they distribute to the right and left: caliphs for an hour.

Value. About a person who turned out to be accidentally endowed with power.

Origin. In the Arab fairy tale "Son in reality, or a caliph for an hour" (a collection "Thousand and one night") tells how young Baghdadets Abu-Shsanan, not knowing that in front of him Kalif Gyrune Al-Rashid, shares with that of her cherished dream - At least for the day to become a caliph. Wanting to have fun, Garun Al-Rashid plunges Abu-Gassana into the wine sleeping pills, orders the servants to transfer the young man to the palace and treat as a calif.

The joke is possible. Waking up, Abu-1 Cssan believes that he is a caliph, enjoys luxury and begins to give orders. In the evening, he again drinks wine with sleeping pills and awakens at home.

Scapegoat

I'm afraid you will always be a scapegoat from them.

Value. The defendant for someone else's guilt, for the mistakes of others, since the true culprit cannot be found or wants to get away from responsibility.

Origin. The turn goes back to the text of the Bible, to the description of the Hebrew rite of imposing sins of the people (communities) on the living goat. Such a rite was committed in case of desecration by the Jews of the sanctuary, where the Ark of Revelation was located. Baran died in the atonement of sins and one goat sacrificed for sin. On the second goat, all sins and lawlessness of the Jewish people were shifted: the clergyman put his hands on him as a sign that all sins of the community go to him, after which the goat was expelled to the desert. All those present at ritual were considered purified.

Lazari sing

Straight Lazari sing, stop to be down.

Value. Klyanch, whining, exaggerated to complain about fate, trying to cause sympathy around.

Origin. In Tsarist Russia, crowds of beggars, cakes, blinders with guides who have missed, with all sorts of pitiful bastings, were gathered everywhere in crowded places. Slepts especially often hooked the song on a single evangelical story "On Rich and Lazar" song. Lazar was poor, and his brother is rich. Lazar harvested by the remains of food rich together with the dogs, but after death he fell into paradise, while the rich was in hell. This song was supposed to get fastened and stop those whose beggars were missing. Since not all the beggars really were so unfortunate, often the complainant moans of them were pretended.

Close to Rogon

Promised to be careful, and I myself am purposefully climbing on the dog!

Value. Take something risky, rushing for trouble, do something dangerous, pre-doomed to failure.

Origin. Rogon is a pointed amount that was used when hunting a bear. Having hooked up with the wrong, the bolts put this sharp count. The enraged beast climbed by Rogon and died.

Disservice

Invertible praises from your mouth - a real bear service.

Value. Inspected assistance, a service that brings more harm than benefits.

Origin. The source - Basnya I. A. Krylova "Dressman and Bear". It tells her like a bear, wanting to help her friend a desert to shallow fly, which sat down on his forehead, killed along with her and the deserted himself. But in the bass of this expression there is no: it has developed and entered the folklore later.

Cast pearls before swine

In a letter to A. A. Bestuzhev (end of January 1825) A. S. Pushkin writes:

"The first sign of a smart person - at first glance to know who you deal with,

and do not throw beads before reheetling and like. ".

Value. Would spend words referring to people who can not understand you.

Origin. In the Nagorno sermons, Jesus Christ says: "Do not shrine a dog and do not throw your pearls before the pigs so that they do not erupt his legs with their own and, turning you, not confused you" (Gospel from Matthew, 7: b). In church-Slavic translation, the word "pearls" sounds like "beads". It is in this version that this biblical expression and entered into Russian.

On the goat you will not come up

It looks at all down, you will not come to it and on the goat curve.

Value. He is completely impregnable, it is not clear how to contact him.

Origin. Having fun of his high patrons, applying for their fun and husli, and the bubbers, dressed in goat and bearish skins, in the Operation of the Crane, "Shpini" these were able to clearly clean the good divids.

It is possible that their repertoire includes riding goats or pigs. Obviously, it was the crumbs that were sometimes once again with such a bad mood of a high-ranking person that "even the goat did not act."

Non-well man

He had nothing to be laid, and in general he was a man's nice.

Value. Frivolous, careless, bless.

Origin. In the old days in Russia, they called not only the road, but also various positions at the court of prince. The path of Sokolnikiy - who holds the princely hunting, the path of the catcher - the dog hunting, the path to the keen - crews and horses. The boyars truthfully tried to get the path to the prince - the position. And to whom it did not succeed, about those with disregard responded: a unwanted man.

Put in a long box

Now we postpone it in a long box, and then forget at all.

Value. Give a long delay to delay his decision for a long time.

Origin. Perhaps this expression arose in Moscow Rus, three hundred years ago. Tsar Alexey, Father Peter I, ordered in the village of Kolomna in front of his palace to establish a long box where everyone could lower his complaint. The complaints were lowered, but it was very difficult to wait for the solution: months and years passed. The people renamed this "long" box in "Long".

It is possible that the expression, if not born, was fixed in speech later, in the "presences" - agencies of the XIX century. The then officials, taking different petitions, complaints and petitions, undoubtedly sorted them, laying out in different boxes. "Long" could be called the one where the most uncomfortable things were postponed. It is clear that such a box, the petitioners were afraid.

Retired goat drummer

I now not under the post - the retired goat drummer.

Value. No one needed, no one is a respected person.

Origin. In the old days at the fairs drove trained bears. They were accompanied by a dancer, a dressed goat, and a drummer, accompanied by his dance. It was the "goat drummer". He was perceived as a worthless, frivolous person. And if the goat "retired"?

Touch under the monastery

What did you run, what to do now, let me down under the monastery, and only.

Value. Put in a difficult, unpleasant position, bring under punishment.

Origin. There are several versions of the origin of turnover. Perhaps the turnover arose because people usually went to the monastery who had big trouble in life. According to another version, the expression is due to the fact that Russian conductors led enemies under the walls of the monasteries, which during the war turned into the fortress (to bring blind under the monastery). Some believe that the expression is associated with the difficult life of women in Tsarist Russia. Only a strong relatives could save the woman from the fear of her husband, having achieved protection from the Patriarch and the authorities. In this case, the wife "led her husband under the monastery" - he was referred to the Monastery "to humility" for half a year or a year.

Lay a pig

Well, his vile character: put a pig and satisfied!

Value. Stimolku to adjust some nastyness, to attack.

Origin. In all likelihood, this expression is due to the fact that some nations on religious reasons do not eat pork. And if such a person was imperceptible to put a pork meat in food, then it was defiled by his faith.

Get into the bake

Small got into such a binding that even kaul shouti.

Value. Get into a quantity, dangerous or unpleasant position.

Origin. In the binding dialects - woven from the branches of fish trap. And, as in any trap, it is an unpleasant thing in it.

Professor of sour

He always tells everyone. Also me, Professor of sour!

Value. Unlucky, bad master.

Origin. Sour soup - Nuddy peasant food: water and sauer cabbage. Prepare them did not make much difficulties. And if someone was called the Master of Acid, it meant that he was not suitable for anything.

Roar Beluga

Three days, she was roared by Bluggy.

Value. Scream loud or cry.

Origin. "It, like a fish, is known for a long time ago. And suddenly "roar by Bluggy"? It turns out that it is not about Belug here, but about Belukha, so called polar dolphin. So he really roars very loud.

Dilute antimony

Everything, the conversation is over. I have no time to breed antimony here.

Value. Chat, lead empty conversations. Comply with unnecessary ceremony in relationships.

Origin. From the Latin Name of Antimonium, which was used as a medicinal and cosmetic agent, pre-crawled it, and then dissolving. The antimony is poorly dissolved, so the process was very long and time consuming. And while she dissolved, the pharmacists led endless conversations.

On the side of the pan

And I need to go to them? Nobody called me. Called came - on the side of the boiler!

Value. All random, outsuning, reacted to anything outside; Excess, unnecessary

Origin. This expression is often distorted by pronouncing the "Sidebreaker". In fact, it could be conveyed by the words: "Sidebreaker". The bakery, or pans, in bakers - burnt pieces of dough sticking outside to bread products, that is, something unnecessary, excessive.

Sirota Kazanskaya

What are you standing to the threshold of the prison as the sirota Kazanskaya.

Value. So they talk about a person who is looking at the unfortunate, offended, helpless to split anyone.

Origin. This phraseologism arose after the conquest of Kazan Ivan Grozny. Mirza (Tatar princes), being submitted by the Russian king, tried to reclaim all sorts of cross-partings, complaining of her orphanhood and bitter fate.

Terched Kalach

As a grated Kalach, I can give you a good advice.

Value. So called an experienced person who is difficult to spend.

Origin. There was before such a grade bread - "grated Kalach". Dough for him for a very long moment, Mesali, "Terley", why Kalach was obtained unusually lush. And there was also a proverb - "not a grate, not mint, there will be no Kalach." That is, a person teach tests and troubles. The expression and went from the proverb, and not from the name of the bread.

Typun to you in the language

What are you saying like this, typun you in your tongue!

Value. The expression of discontent about the said, unkind wishes for someone who says is not what follows.

Origin. It is clear that this wish, moreover, not too friendly. But what is his meaning? Tipun - a small horny tubercle at the tip of the tongue in birds, which helps them to smooth food. The growing of such a tubercle may be a sign of the disease. Solid pimples in the human language are named with packagners by analogy with these bird hillocks. According to superstitial ideas, Tipun usually appears in false people. Hence the unkought wish, designed to punish lias and deceivers. From these observations and superstitions, the spell formula was born: "Typun you in the tongue!" Its main difference was: "You are a liar: let you have a typun in the language!" Now the value of this spell has changed somewhat. "Typun you in the language!" - An ironic wish to someone who expressed the unkind thought predicted unpleasant.

Sharpe

What are you sitting without a reason and lady sharpen?

Value. Punish, engage in useless chatter, gossip.

Origin. Lyasy (bales) are accurate figured panels at the porch; Only a real master could make such beauty. Probably, first to "accurate bales" meant to conduct elegant, bizarre, Vitivatuyu (like bales) conversation. And the craftsmen lead such a conversation to our time became less and less. So it was this expression to denote empty chatter. Another version builds an expression to the value of the Russian word Balas - Rosskazni, Ukrainian Balyas - the noise that goes directly to the general Slavonic "tell."

Pull one

Now they disappeared, he will pull the rope until we ourselves give up this venture.

Value. Honey, delay any business, say monotonous and tedious.

Origin. Recipe - the finest golden, silver or copper thread, which was embroidered Galuna, Axelibants and other decorations of officer uniforms, as well as rhesis of priests and just rich costumes. It was made by a handicraft, pulling the metal and gently pulling the tick thin wire. This process was extremely long, slow and painstaking, so over time the expression "pull aquitel" began to treat every protracted and monotonous or conversation.

Dirt

You really do not hit the dirt face before the guests.

Value. Stringe, torn.

Origin. Face in the dirt originally meant "fall on dirty land." Such a fall was considered as a particularly shameful in fist fights - fighters contests when the weak enemy overturned to the ground.

At the trait on the couplings

What, go to him? Yes, it's a trait on the couplings.

Value. Very far, somewhere in the wilderness.

Origin. Kulichiki is a distorted Finnish word "Kuligi", "soupiers", which has long been in Russian. So in the north they called forest cleans, meadows, a swamp. Here, in the wooded part of the country, the settlers of the distant past all the time burned out in the forest "Sullets" - platforms for disarm and pouch. In old grams, such a formula is constantly found: "And the whole land, as long as the ax went and Kosa went." The farmer often had to go to the wilderness to the farthest "honeycomb", worse than the neighbor developed, where, ones and devils, and devils were also included in the swamps and burmologists, and every forest evil. So they got the usual words their second, figurative meaning: very far, on the edge of light.

Fig leaf

She is a terrible pretender and lazy, covered with his imaginary illness,

as a fig leaf.

Value. Farm covering of non-aggative affairs.

Origin. The expression goes back in the Old Testament Miph of Adam and Eve, who after the sin, knew shame and gone themselves with the leaves of the fig tree (fig tree): "And their eyes opened with them, and they learned, NTO Nagi, and stitched the molded leaves, and did their own "(Genesis, 3: 7). From the XVI to the end of the XVIII century, European artists and sculptors accounted for in their works to cover the most frank parts of the human body with a fig leaf. This conventionality was the concession of the Christian church, who considered the image of the naked flesh of sinful and obscene.

Filkina gramot

What is this filter grades, you can't really state your considerations?

Value. Ignorant, illiterately compiled document.

Origin. The author of the expression was Ivan the Terrible. To strengthen its power, that it was impossible without weakening the princes, boyars and clergy, Ivan the Terrible introduced an Okrichnin, who had visited all the horror.

I could not reconcile with the rampant of the scrambles and Metropolitan Philip. In his numerous messages to the king - grades - he sought to convince Grozny to abandon them the politicians of Terror, dissolve the Okrichnin. The naughty Metropolitan Tsuzny contemptively called the Filk, and his diplomas - filter grades.

For the brave chips of the Grozny and his Ochrichnikov, Metropolitan Philip was sharpened to the Tver Monastery, where he strangled the Malyuta Skuratov.

Grab stars from heaven

He is not without abilities, but not enough stars from heaven.

Value. Do not differ talents and outstanding abilities.

Origin. The phraseological expression associated with the association with premium stars of military and officials as signs of differences.

Stop Kondrashka

He was Health of Bogatlish, and suddenly Kondrashka had enough.

Value. Anyone died suddenly, was suddenly broken by paralysis.

Origin. According to the assumption of the historian S. M. Solovyov, the expression is associated with the name of the leader of the Bulavinsky uprising on Don in 1707. Ataman Kondratiy Afanasyevich Bulavina (Kondrashka), which suddenly destroyed the entire royal detachment led by the Voivoda Dolgoruki.

Apple of discord

This travel is a real apple of discord, really you can't give up, let him go.

Value. What creates conflict, serious contradictions.

Origin. Peel and Fetida, the parents of the Hero of the Trojan war of Achilles, forgot to invite the goddess Erid to her wedding. Erid was very offended and secretly threw on the table, followed by gods and mortals, a gold apple; It was written on it: "the most beautiful." The dispute was rising between the three goddesses: the wife of Zeus is a hero, Athena - the Virgin, the goddess of wisdom, and the beautiful goddess of love and beauty Aphrodite.

The judge between them was elected young man Paris, the son of the Trojan king Priama. Paris gave an apple bodied by his Aphrodite; Aphrodite for it forced the wife of Tsar Menel, beautiful Elena, to love the young man. Leaving her husband, Elena left in Troy, and to avenge this insult, the Greeks began a long-term war with the Trojans. As you can see, Erides's apple and actually led to the breakdown.

Pandora's Box

Well, now hold on, Pandora drawer opened.

Value. All that can serve in case of negligence source of disasters.

Origin. When the great Titan Prometheus kidnapped from Olympus and handed the fire of the gods from Olympus, Zeus scared crumpled, but it was too late. Possessing a divine flame, people stopped obeying the celers, learned to different sciences, left their miserable state. A little more - and they would have won full happiness.

Then Zeus decided to send to them to Kara. God-blacksmith Hephasta cut out of the ground and waters a beautiful woman Pandora. The rest of the gods gave her: who is a trick, who is courage, who is extraordinary beauty. Then, handing her the mysterious box, Zeus sent it to the ground, forbid to open the box. Curious Pandora, barely coming into the world, opened the lid. Immediately, all disasters of people flew from there and scattered through the universe. Pandora in fear tried to slam the lid again, but in the box of all unfortunately there was only a deceptive hope.published. If you have any questions about this topic, ask them to specialists and readers of our project .

Phraseologist(from Greek. PHRASIS + LOGOS - expression, speech turnover) - these are stable reproducible expressive complexes that have a holistic value and performing a single syntax function. They give speeches a special expressiveness, emphasize national specifics, the originality of the language. Without them, a person's speech is colorless and often does not convey what he feels. But the mastering of the phraseology is a difficult process, and the shortcomings are found here very often the basis of the formation of the phraseologyism is semantic patrimony, i.e., limiting the words of the word, which has become a component of phraseologism, has its own, uniform phraseological value. For example, a word eyein the four-volume "Dictionary of the Russian Language" has three meanings: 1) an organ of view, 2) the ability to see; vision; Vision, 3) bad eye is a mysterious magical strength of a look that brings misfortune. Last value of the Word eyeis idiomatic. In the proverb Too many cooks spoil the brothcomponent without glaze(Only the only number) relies on the portable meaning of the "Bind", which arose in oral speech on the basis of the second value. Expression sprinkle all eyes- very much and long to pay - relies on the first meaning of the word eye.The same value is based on phraseological in a personal meeting- Alone with anyone. Phraseologism, acquiring a single meaning, receives its objective and conceptual orientation, due to which it can be synonymous with the word: in a personal meeting− alone, beat eggs− sit back.

The value of phraseologism, relying on the portable phraseological values \u200b\u200bof its components, is often motivated differently in different languages. So, the nareny phraseology of the Russian language in a personal meetingit has conformity: it. uNER vier AUGEN. (literally: between four eyes), eng, face. to. face. (face to face), FR. tETE a. tETE (Head with head). Phraseologisms do not allow literal (interpreted) translation: they require to seek the phraseological equivalent of another language, since phraseological significance is accompanied by an emotional-semantic and stylistic expression; For example, phraseologism give breamspacious, and expression darkness Ground- Book.

The degree of semantic support of the components of the phraseology is different; The ancient phraseology and the less connected it with the words of general use, the less motivated phraseological value, the more its inner form is forgotten. On the degree of semantic support, the classification of phraseological units was built. The most famous classification of V. V. Vinogradov.

1 . Frameological companions: short the Lasa how to drink to give yourself on my mind -the main sign of the splice is its semantic indivisibility, the absolute non-external value of the values \u200b\u200bof the whole of the components. It is a semantic unit, homogeneous with the word deprived of the inner form. Frameological battles are also called idiomas. Idioms (phraseological battles) do not allow the interpreted (literal) understanding, since one of the components fell out of modern usage; This also contributes a change in form: lyasi.(instead balyasa- Balustrada columns; cf. Italian. balaustro. - Column, Balyasina), joke say- VM. say a joke.

2. Phraseeological unity: nature neck; bring sorny Short sparrow; you never know.The phraseological unities are adjacent by sayings and proverbs that have the form of non-phrases, and the proposals: Master's business is afraid; Do not count your chickens before they are hatched.

A feature of phraseological unity is their semantic two-caps: they can be understood literally(make sorny from huts) and portable - as one semantic unit, with its phraseological meaning "to disclose something".

3. Frameological combinations - this kind of stable combinations in which non-free phraseological values \u200b\u200bof words are being implemented, for example - take the eye(from anyone): I with effort, the eyes took away from this beautiful face.However, when changing management, phraseological unity arises take the eye(someone) - deceive: The courthouse and the dexterity that he flashed in front of the buyer who came to him in the shop was no more as a means of "relying" to the buyer of the eye, "talk the teeth" and to imagine rotten, linux(Uspensky).

Composite names and terms.Phraseologists are expressive means of language, they are characterized by oral and book speech, the language of fiction. According to these properties, composite names are distinguished from phraseological units: they do not have an emotional-figurative meaning. Composite names are nominative means of language, its composite lexemes.

Russian language is one of the most beautiful and rich languages \u200b\u200bin the world. For a long history of its formation, he has undergone many transfigations, changes and has been appropriate by various vocabulary, which helps to make a conversation more clear and understandable, or with shape and winding, and offers are elegant.

One of these vocabularies in the proposals of the Russian language, are considered to be considered in the article. These are proverbs and sayings, carefully collected over the centuries by our ancestors. They make a dialogue between people more saturated, beautiful, similar to the literary language.

Madly it is interesting to find the values \u200b\u200bof certain types of phraseologism. To study this direction in Russian, you can spend a lifetime. Let's try to answer such a question as and when it is appropriate to use phraseological units in a conversation.

What is a phraseology

Phraseology is a steady phrase, which in most cases has its meaning in the proposal only in established, generally accepted formAnd no more. For example, "run away, sparkling heels", you can not utter as, "sparkle to the heels to run away" or say "to take care of both eye pupil", instead of "take care of both Zenitsa Oka."

But there are exceptions when the change in the order of words in some types of phraseological units is often considered to be a normal phenomenon. That is, a number of phrases do not change its meaning when the words is permutive. Thus, the "beat the bumps" and "bumps beat" either "wearing water in sketch" and "in solve the water to wear" - phraseological units that do not change due to the permutation of words in them.

History of the birth of the proverbs

Many words of the Russian language have long been outdated and lost its true meaning, but in sustainable expressions they are still present.

Consider such an example as "Nick down" (Remember something very good). If you think about this phrase, it seems quite cruel, but in fact the history of this expression is hidden in centuries. Many centuries ago, illiterate people wore a plank with them, in which, in order to remember the upcoming events or the necessary facts, they did not cut. That is, borrow on the nose, it used to be literally synonymous with the word "write down."

Or phraseologism "Led for nose" (deceive very masterfully, so the victim absolutely does not notice this). Why did you start talking exactly? Everything is simple. They did not pay attention, as huge camels are submired, even if they do not even try to escape to escape or somehow relying. The reason for this is not an animal submission, but the ring to which the rope in the hands of the housing belongs is tied to the host. Therefore, the expression "led for nose" has acquired its value.

As well as an interesting story with phraseologism "Hang your nose". Now it is rarely used by the complete version of the proverb, which sounds like "hanging his nose at Quint." As we were, it would be, but it originates this phrase from musical professionalism, but, rather, from violinists. When a person plays a violin, he clamps the head tool so that his nose almost concerns the upper string, which is called Quinta.

The general meaning of stable phrases

Most of the phraseological groups in Russian have something in common among themselves. Therefore, if you look at, it can be noted a pattern to use, for example, a particular part of the human body in the phraseological turnover. Let's try to figure it out in more detail in this matter and understand the meaning of some proverbs. So.

Nose in phraseologiza

On the human face, the nose is the function of the sense of smell, that is, the perception of smells. In stable phrases, referred to as phraseological units, this part of the body is a symbol of something near, located on a very small distance from the person. Here are some variations use of nose values \u200b\u200bin proverbs:

Interesting fact. The nose is considered a symbol of something that is very close, not only in proverbs. Take, for example, at least a fairy tale about Kolobka. How did the tricky chanterelle forced her sacrifice to come on a dangerous close distance? That's right, she asked Kolobka to come closer and sit on her nose.

Perhaps such values \u200b\u200bare associated with the fact that on the human face the nose most comes forward, but at the same time it is still close to the rest of the person.

Mouth and lip.

Mostly mouth in Proverbs It has the same functions as on a human face - the conversation and eating food. Lips, in turn, often express emotions and desires, which is quite natural, because, from the point of view of psychology, it is this part of the human person that is most involved in human facial expressions. By the way, groups of sustainable expressions in which lips are used are not so much.

• In the mouth of water to dial - silence sharply;
• Inflate lips - offended;
• The lip is not a fool - a person knows how to choose the best or has overestimated desires;
• In the mouth porridge - a man says unbelievable;
• In the mouth, do not take - very tasteless, unpleasant food;
• Makovynki in the mouth did not happen - a man is hungry;
• The trouble is full of mouth - a lot of things, a person is very busy;
• Razing the mouth is very surprised.

Ears

Ears are in proverbs as hearing organs, but also they have one feature - They are hard enough to see, without using foreign objects with a mirror surface, and, of course, this symbol value could not get around the side.

Teeth in Proverbs

Teeth in sustainable phrases are used mostly as protection against anything. And also in proverbs, the teeth symbolize a smile and laughter.

• Armed to teeth - a dangerous opponent, whose winning is very difficult due to its good training;
• Teeth give - to laugh or mock someone;
• Scream teeth - it's unpleasant to laugh, mock;
• To try tooth - learn closer, well explore;
• Show teeth - to show willingness to enmity and dislike;
• To sharpen / have a tooth - we dislike, have dislike for someone.

Thus, it can be concluded that phraseological units are phrases that make a conversation more saturated and diverse. They decorate our speech and help to express and identify emotions that boil to us a waterfall. So do we have the right, having such linguistic wealth, use the hot words that make our speech less pleasant, and the soul is more sorting? It is only worth hoping that the answer to this question everyone can find himself.