Complete the classification of vehicles real and fabulous. Literary quiz "Vehicles in fairy tales" (senior preschool age)



Keywords: Russian folk tales, literary tales, magic objects, helpers, modern inventions.

The fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it,

good fellows a lesson

Modern devices allow us to move quickly, get to know the world, expand our horizons, instantly learn the news, facilitate housework, etc. Machines and mechanisms have become so firmly established in our lives that we do not even notice them. But people have dreamed of such devices for a long time. Ideas can be found in fairy tales: a flying carpet, walking boots, a self-propelled stove, psaltery - samoguds ... We wanted a little differently than just a literary work, to look at some of the fairy tales, to trace the path of several inventions, from dream to reality.

I like to read fairy tales and imagine the life of this or that nation. While reading fairy tales, I noticed the presence of various magical objects, reminiscent of some modern inventions. How, in seemingly old fairy tales, people managed to predict the appearance of modern televisions and players remains a mystery. We decided to find out what specific objects of modernity are represented in fairy tales by writing a work on the topic: "Comparative analysis of magical objects from fairy tales with modern inventions."

The relevance of the study is due to the insufficient study of fairy tales. Nowadays, a lot of research is being carried out, the purpose of which is to draw up a unified classification of fairy tales, characters and plots. Therefore, it seems logical to study the realities presented in fairy tales. Such a study will help to gain a more complete picture of such a genre direction as a fairy tale. This is due to the scientific novelty and theoretical significance of the work.

The object of the study was magic objects that were given to help the main characters of various fairy tales.

The aim of the research is to carry out a comparative analysis between fabulous magical objects and modern inventions.

In accordance with the purpose of the study, the following tasks were set in the work:

Highlight magical objects found in fairy tales;

Consider their functioning in fairy tales;

Conduct a comparative analysis between fabulous magical objects and modern inventions.

The method of comparative analysis was used in the work. A comparison was made of fairy-tale objects and everyday objects of a modern person.

The research material was Russian folk and literary tales.

The subject of research was magic objects and objects - helpers in Russian folk and literary tales.

The tale is a whole trend in literature. Over the long years of its formation and development, this genre has become a universal genre, covering all the phenomena of the surrounding life and nature, the achievements of science and technology.

In ancient times, when there were no books or schools yet to tell their children and grandchildren about the world around them, grandfathers and grandmothers invented fairy tales. In them they talked about the struggle between good and evil, about the infinity of the world and about the dangers lurking in it. The older generation told these tales to their children and grandchildren, those to their own, and so from century to century.

Events in fairy tales were gradually corrected, acquired with new details, and unnecessary ones were gradually forgotten. This is how the age-old wisdom was accumulated - which has come down to us. In fairy tales, the actions of the heroes and their consequences are presented, thus, by their example, fairy tales help to avoid unpleasant mistakes.

The tale was constantly changing, absorbing the features of the new reality, but remained continuously connected with social and historical events.

A fairy tale, as a figurative reflection of the world, requires from the reader special qualities of perception of the creative imagination, developed observation, the ability to understand allegories.

Reading fairy tales, we come across a large number of different magical objects and curiosities. In fairy tales, they have a variety of functions, one of which is helping the hero, facilitating his existence. Already at this stage, we can draw an analogy with modernity - the technique used by modern man.

Here are some magical objects, their functions in a fairy tale and compare them with modern inventions.

Fabulous items andtheir modern counterparts

Let's turn to the fairy tale "Old Man Hottabych": Hottabych, along with Volka and his friend, set off on a flying carpet - a magic carpet that flies through the air and moves characters from one place to another.

"Ivan sat down on carpet plane, flew out of the underworld and did not have time to blink, he found himself in a beautiful garden, sat down under a bush bush and began to watch, admire how gold and silver fish walk in the light water ”.

However, civilization does not stand still and, after a while, an airplane appeared, and then scientists invented modern airplanes. Thus, the analogue of the flying carpet is modern aircraft... It, like its counterpart, helps people move from one place to another, in a fairly fast time.

The first flight was made on an airplane designed by A.F. Mozhaisky, but the flight was unsuccessful. After 6 years, an airplane built by the brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright took off into the sky, the airplane flew 50 meters in 12 seconds. And in 1909, they also built an airplane that reached a speed of 60 km per hour. Since that time, the development of aircraft construction in Europe began.

Currently, supersonic aircraft invented in Russia are successfully flying: the SU-27 interceptor fighter, the TU-22 M3 long-range supersonic bomber.

"Baba - Yaga bone leg quickly sat down in stupa, rose into the air and rushed after the girl with a pusher, chasing, sweeping the trail, sweeping away. "

In the fairy tale "Down the Magic River" the reader meets Baba Yaga's stupa, which, of course, can be compared with modern helicopters.

Despite the fact that the plane had dominated the air for many years, it had one drawback - in order to stay in the air, it must constantly and with a sufficiently high speed move in the horizontal plane, because the lift of its wings directly depends on the speed of movement ... Hence the need for takeoff roll and landing roll, the aircraft is chained to the airfield.

This niche, after a long design search, was occupied by a rotorcraft - a helicopter.

Helicopter is an aircraft with vertical take-off and landing. There are single-rotor helicopters with a tail rotor; two- or multi-screw.

Boris Yuriev made a significant contribution to the invention of the helicopter. He improved the propeller blades, created an automatic - skew, providing the necessary installation of the blades.

In addition, to move in space, the heroes of Russian fairy tales often used running boots... In various fabulous states, messengers always had a pair of magic boots for the quick transportation of royal decrees. So, for example, in the fairy tale "Down the Magic River" Tsar Makar sent a messenger in magic boots for advice from Vasilisa the Wise. In the modern world, we can find analogues of running boots even on children - figure skates in winter androller skates - in summer. Of course, the purpose of their use is somewhat different, but they still remain a means of movement in space. The first roller skates appeared at the beginning of the 17th century! The Dane Hans Bricure attached wooden spools to his shoes.

Among our compatriots, perhaps, there is not a single one who has not watched the cartoon "Well, wait!" in particular the episode in which the Wolf gets into a fairy tale. Entering Baba Yaga's house, he discovers there gusli-samogudy. This magical item plays music by itself, without human intervention.

In modern everyday life, the same function is performed by a number of devices - music player, tape recorder, player.

Speaking of modern technology, one cannot fail to mention television. The modern TV is modernized saucer withapple... The saucer was used to observe events, for example, those taking place in various places of the fairyland, for example, Baba Yaga in the fairy tale "Down the Magic River" with the help of a saucer learned about the main events in the capital of the fairy kingdom, and subsequently watched the battle between heroes of the Tsar and the army of Koshchei the Immortal.

In fairy tales, characters often found themselves in situations where they needed to get to someone's palace or castle, the location of which was unknown to them. In such situations, the heroes were always rescued magic ball thread or yarn showing the way.

Modern man often finds himself in similar situations, and in our world comes to his aid navigator, which is an analogue of a fairy tangle.

The navigator was invented back in 1932, with a scrolling map, the scrolling speed was dependent on the speed of the car.

“Stove, according to the pike's command, according to my desire, go to the stove directly to the king in the palace. And the stove crackled, and suddenly flew out into the wild. And faster than any bird she rushed to the king. "

In the Russian folk tale "By the Pike's Command" the reader meets a magic oven, which Emelya drove.

It was enough for him to put the wood in the oven, and she was immediately ready to hit the road. The analogue of the magic furnace is modern car... The word car means "self-propelled vehicle", although in the modern world it is customary to call cars, only vehicles equipped with autonomous engines.

It is customary to count the beginning of the modern automobile era since 1895, when independently of each other G. Daimler and K. Benz built self-propelled carriages with internal combustion engines, with a large number of revolutions and a high compression ratio. Since then, the Russian automotive industry has come a glorious way. Russian inventors of the pre-revolutionary period made a significant contribution to the development of automotive technology, from the muscular self-propelled guns of Shamshurenkov and Kulibin to Puzyrev's cars and the products of the Russian-Baltic Carriage Works.

"High-spoke cockerel

I began to guard its borders,

A little danger where you can see

Faithful watchman, as if from a dream,

Moves, flutters,

To that side will turn

And shouts: "Kiri-ku-ku!"

This tale can lead one to think about modern radar... Christian Hülsmeier first invented radar in 1904. Radar sends out a directed beam of radio waves. A car, plane or other large metal object that meets the radio beam reflects it like a mirror. The radar receiver picks up the reflection and measures the travel time of the pulse to the reflecting object and back.

"The light burns brighter,

The hunchback runs faster

Now he is in front of the fire.

The field shines as if during the day;

A wonderful light flow around,

But it does not heat, does not smoke

Ivan was a miracle here.

“What,” he said, “for the shaitan!

There will be five caps for the light;

And there is no heat and smoke.

This is a miracle - a light! "

The horse says to him:

There is really something to marvel at!

Here lies the feather of a firebird ... "

Are you talking about fluorescent lamps?

Daylight lamp is a fluorescent lamp with a bluish glow. Used for general lighting purposes. Fluorescent lamps are often referred to as all types of fluorescent lamps. It was invented in 1872 by the Russian electrical engineer A. N. Lodygin.

“... my grandmother took millstones and began to grind that you can't turn it - it's all a pancake, but a pie! " ...

This magical fairytale item can be compared with microwave oven. This device converts electricity into electromagnetic microwaves. The microwave oven was first patented by the American inventor Percy Spencer in 1945.

Summing up the work done, it should be noted that in Russian fairy tales there are many parallels with the life of a modern person. We came to the conclusion that the dreams of people are encrypted allegorically in these works.

These works indicate that a person's dreams can sooner or later be realized. The realization of any dream requires mental, physical efforts, economic opportunities, and an irresistible desire.

But there is a magic object in fairy tales that can help heroes in various situations - a magic wand, and, unfortunately, an analogue of a magic wand has not yet been invented.

Literature:

1. www.litra.ru
2. www.bizyukov.temator.ru
3. www.tehnologid.ru
4. Russian folk tales. Compiled and annotated by V.P. Anikin, Moscow: Children's Literature, 1986.
5. Works in 3 volumes. Moscow: Fiction 1986.
6. Encyclopedia for children. Volume 11. Technique. Editor-in-chief: Aksenova, Moscow: Avanta, 2004.
7. The Little Humpbacked Horse: A Russian Tale in Three Parts. Moscow: Children's Literature, 2002.
8. F. Kamov, A. Kurlyandsky. Well, wait a minute! - L., 1997.
9. Lagin L. Old Man-Hottabych. Moscow: Children's Literature, 1973.
10. Propp V. Ya. Historical roots of a fairy tale. L., 1986.
11. Russian folk tale "By the pike's command."
12. Russian folk tale "The Firebird".
13. Pushkin A.S. The Golden Cockerel.
14. Uspensky E. "Down the Magic River"
15. Russian folk tale "Rooster and millstones". Arranged by A. N. Afanasyev.

Keywords: Russian folk tales, literary tales, magic objects, helpers, modern inventions.

Annotation: The article is devoted to a comparative analysis between fabulous magical objects and modern inventions, an analogy is drawn between magical curiosities that help the hero and facilitate his existence with the technique used by modern man.

What are the fabulous means of transportation known to you?

1. Stupa (drive with a pestle, sweep the trail with a broom) or just on a broom
   Mountable fairy animals (pegasus, dragons)
   Stove (Emelya with pike)
   Sports horse (Soviet cartoon about a boy who did not want to do exercises)
   Barrel (the tale of Tsar Saltan)
   sandals with wings (at Mercury)
   cloud ("On the road with clouds")
   flying ship
2. If according to the modern
   Vacuum cleaner-broom This is for babajok
   Airplane carpet For all sorts of tourists and aladdins.
   Deltoplane - eagle. For extremists and hobbits.
   Fighter - Dragon For ltchikov and Aragons.
   The machine is a wolf for everyone and Ivan the Fool.
   Tank - A stove for tankers and all sorts of erm.
   You can associate for a long time. The main thing is that we have transports that are no worse than in fairy tales.
   About the time machine ... This is more a field of science fiction than fairy tales.
3. A flying carpet, a pepelats, a stupa with a broom at Baba Yaga, at the behest of a pike ...
4. disappear instantly and appear where it is necessary, in the old tale there was a flying ship
   broom, stove, sivka-burka, and fairy wizards help the like
5. Kernel (Münghausen). , wild geese (Niels, the traveler frog)
   And the word "boots" is not inclined (except for walking boots)
6. Baba Yaga's stupa, with the help of the ring, ended up in another place, Sivka Burka, the Gray Wolf, with the help of Old Man Khattabych and other djins.
7. Little Flour's shoes
8. wolf, eagle, dragon, barrel
9. teleport
10. A simi-flower (made a choice and moved)
11. stupa of baba-yaga, carpet-flying, flying ship, sivka burka, running boots, geese-swans, gray wolf, hut on chicken legs, help of wizards, pumpkin carriage, stove, konk-humpback, fairy-tale heroes sometimes turn into animals and runs away, hell, riding animals and birds, wearing an invisible hat, broom, magic shoes (flying)
12. Stupa of Baba Zhki
13. house, silver shoes and flying monkeys - "emerald city"
    train - "Alice through the looking glass"
    May beetle, water strider and other insects - a tale about an ant who was late for an anthill
    umbrella - Mary Poppins
    coffin - a lady at Gogol
14. Geese swans - geese
    Masha and the Bear - a box with pies and Masha
    The frog princess - box
    the chanterelle used the wolf - as a vehicle
    A hut on chicken legs
    STORM-HORSE horse of Perun:
    The horse Perun has a pearl tail, his mane is gilded, all adorned with large pearls, and in his eyes he has a stone Margarita, where he looks, everything is burning with fire.
    A LIGHT-WINGED BOAT, harnessed by white or golden swans, a vehicle for the Slavic gods or fairy-tale heroes.

    Goodness among the Western Slavs is the patron saint of good news, the messenger of the gods - something like the ancient Hermes (Mercury).
    Descending from heaven, he put on winged chbots, reminiscent of the walking boots of Russian fairy tales.

15. A broom, a broom, a stove from "By the Pike's Command", in the same place, and the sled on which Emelya rode from the forest, sledges-scooters are mentioned in the fairy tale "The Rooster and the Cat", as edited by Ushinsky, a hut on chicken legs, geese-swans, gin from 1000 and one night, which takes the hero to different places, somewhere there is a magic ring, with the same functions. There is a Russian folk tale "The Flying Ship", in various tales the hero escapes on an eagle, feeding him meat cut off from his thigh. If you remember mythology, then there is Pegasus, sandals on which Perseus fought with a dragon, centaurs, clouds.
16. Bake. Chrt (evenings on a farm near Dikanka)
17. Gray wolf, pepelats, stove, stupa, magic ring, Sivka-burka
18. Walking boots!
19. horse-kogbunok, time machine

A small child of some acquaintances, being left at a party and extremely dissatisfied with this, said:
- At the behest of the pike, at my will, put on a T-shirt and panties and I find myself at home.
The young man's words are an expression of the dreams of perhaps all people - freedom of movement. Thought you were in Moscow, and you thought again in London.
Thoughts about free movement for thousands of years, during this time humanity has fantasized many mythical mechanisms capable of moving them in space. Below is a list of the 10 most common mythical vehicles.

1

A bunch of bast, brushwood or a bundle of twigs, impaled on a stick, a tool designed to sweep the oven hearth before planting bread. One of the attributes of Baba Yaga, with which she covers her tracks.
Usually the "grandmother" moves not on a broomstick, but in a mortar, but there are examples of independent flights of witches on a broomstick and a broomstick.
Mentioned in many Russian folk tales.

2

A mythical carpet with which you can move in space over very long distances. The principle of operation is not known.
Mentioned in many oriental tales, popularity has brought mention in the Tales of a Thousand and One Nights.
The Old Man Hottabych figured in the Soviet film, personally I admired his coolness.

3

Magic shoes from the European WTC Slavic fairy tales giving +100 to the movement speed. Also known as seven-league boots, giving 7 miles minus 1 step to every step you take.
They are usually kept under lock and key in a casket, perhaps so as not to run away on their own.

4

A bummer's dream, self-propelled gun with voice control and heated seats. Technical characteristics: all-terrain, fuel - wood, coal, etc. passenger capacity is limited only by overall dimensions.
Mentioned in a Russian folk tale At the behest of a pike.

The people invented the Flying Ship, laid down an instructive story about it, in the fairy tale of the same name "Flying Ship". It has disadvantages and advantages over other magical things. There is only one drawback - this is low power, but there are also advantages - you have to say magic words in order to fly somewhere on it, and this gives protection against theft. The flying ship has a large capacity and the ability to carry various cargo and more heroes.

6

Sandals with wings attached to them. Used by Hermes, during the battle with the Gorgon Medusa. They were given the opportunity to rise into the air.
At the same time, nothing is known about the principle of action, and it is completely incomprehensible how the inner wings did not touch each other.

7

The Persian writer Kay-Kavusa invented such a miracle as the flying throne. The throne was an ordinary throne, to which four poles were attached at the corners. The roof was fixed on poles from above, and pieces of meat hung under the roof.
From below, eagles were tied to the throne, which reached for the meat and, taking off, lifted the throne.
In such a simple way, the author traveled to China.

8

Chinese literary character, the Monkey King - Sun Wukong, known from the novel "Journey to the West", knew how to fly on a cloud.
Sun Wukong went on a journey in search of a teacher who would teach him immortality. The Taoist who took him as a disciple taught him how to fly on a cloud, 72 transformations and other magical actions. Auspicious Cloud

9 Winged Disc, Nar, the pillar of fire on which Horus moved

an ancient mythological symbol widely used among the peoples of the Ancient East. The great-grandson of the god of the underworld, Horus, fought on the winged disc of his grandfather Ra (Marduk).
The winged disk of Ra, or the so-called Nar, the pillar of fire, was depicted as an elongated cylindrical object with fins or short wings.

10

Fantastic flying machine shown in the movie "Kin-dza-dza!" In some countries of the former USSR, the word "pepelats" has become a common noun for the ironic designation of uncomfortable or old vehicles, since the pepelats in the film is small inside, poorly lit and noisy. Many people use this word to refer to their car. Also sometimes the word "pepelats" is called flying vehicles - helicopters, small aircraft.

MBOU "Secondary School No. 15"

urban district city of Salavat

Research work

Means of transportation by air in literary works

5a grade student

Supervisor:

Davletbaeva Olga Vasilievna,

teacher of Russian language and literature

the highest qualification category

Salavat 2014

My research hypothesis: "... but could people really take off without all these" flying "devices?"

Research goals and objectives:

1) To analyze the prototypes of what kind of flying vehicles were fabulous and literary "flying" devices.

2) Create a kind of library of fabulous and literary flying heroes.

3) Prepare a series of conversations on this topic for primary school students, which I could conduct myself.

I. INTRODUCTION

IN
In my research work, I want to talk about some “flying” fairy and literary heroes and their “flying” adaptations, and also try to understand and explain why many literary and fairytale heroes flew long before the first manned flight into space. Unfortunately, no one knows when a person first raised his head to the sky and drew attention to its frightening size and at the same time fantastic beauty. We also do not know the time when a person first noticed the birds soaring in the air, and the thought arose in his head to follow them. As any, even the longest path begins with one small step, so the long history of conquering airspace began with an ordinary dream. Scientists believe that this happened a very long time ago. And for a long time man saw only one opportunity to rise to heavenly heights - to become like birds and gain wings.

IN
Unlike most animals, man is given to see the blue sky, covered with white, like cotton, clouds, the bright, yellow Sun and carefree fluttering colorful birds. He could not help but take advantage of this. The sky delighted and attracted to itself. This is how a dream was born, which was first embodied in legends, and then came true. And yet, some scientists believe that people in ancient times flew. Why did they descend back to earth, losing their wings? The sky has always been fraught with many mysteries - is humanity destined, in the 20th century, to fly up to the clouds again, to unravel them? Memories of this kind of flights over the years have undergone some changes and in a simplified form have survived to this day in the form of folklore images. In the legends of the northern peoples, the flight technique was described very simply: a fire was kindled from shavings, covered with a wet mat, anyone could sit on the mat, and he was lifted up into the heavens by the heat up to the Lord God himself. By the way, on the other side of the earth, the aborigines of Oceania have a similar myth about their journey to the heavenly land of their ancestors with the help of a smoke jet: “Iolofat sat down on a stream of smoke and went up to Lang” or “a woman entered a pillar of smoke and went up to heaven with it. .. "Perhaps it was this method of aeronautics that served as a prototype for the" flying ships ", which are mentioned not only in many fairy tales, but also in the myths of the peoples of the world

II ... Mythical and fabulous flying heroes of Russian fairy tales

If you carefully study the history of the development of human society, you will notice that each ancient people who inhabited the Earth had their own fabulous and mi physical flying heroes. The wings folded behind their backs had kind, and sometimes even sacred creatures descending to the Earth. They were also equipped with terrible dragons, bringing evil to people. Every wise wizard should, above all, fly. What kind of omnipotent is he, even if he cannot fly? .. And since no one yet knew exactly how to fly in real, then people came up with who was in that much. The inhabitants of the fairy world flew on everything! In Russian fairy tales, these characters cut the air with a fiery feather, then with a heavy serpent-mountainous body, then with a stupa or a curly horse mane. From legend to legend according to are new, closely intertwining children's fairy tales with an ancient and half-forgotten mythology, in which the echoes of pagan tribes of farmers, nomads, warriors are mixed. In Russian fairy tales, you can find traces of the most diverse cultures of the West and East, North and South. The Phoenix Bird is a Firebird, a dragon with three heads, winged shoes, more commonly known as running boots, a flying carpet. Our glider pilots consider their direct ancestor to the one who once soared on this flying carpet. The flying carpet was built as a tailless glider, according to the latest technology. "What? - said one of the pilots in the Crimea, in Koktebel. "If the updrafts are good, you can try it on the carpet, if nothing else is at hand."

All these creatures and magical attributes, created for flight, are present in one way or another in almost every fairy tale, thereby creating a cunningly intertwined, but integral layer of Russian mythology and culture. It is noteworthy that Most of the flying characters in Russian fairy tales, unlike those in Europe, are not the embodiment of a person's dream of flying. Their ability to fly is not a miracle, you can negotiate with them, catch, tame, outwit, or, in the end, just communicate on an equal footing. On the other hand, among the main characters there are often beauties and beauties, princes and princesses, who, "throwing themselves on the ground," can turn into a dove or a falcon, a sparrow and even a bumblebee.

B Most people flew in fairy tales on different brooms. Every real witch had a little broom or broomstick. The famous Russian witch, Babyaga, was the first to replace the broom with a wooden mortar. This apparatus was controlled by a pestle. Baba Yaga is the most popular flying character in Russian fairy tales. In the air, he invariably moves in a mortar, often waving a broom. Baba Yaga prefers to spend days and nights in her quaint hut or in the company of Leshy and Kikimora. The appearance in a fairy tale of her stupa, cutting through the sky above the forest, does not, as a rule, promise anything good - Bone Leg strives to eat any human flesh. But there is a hole in the old woman, and Yaga is by no means devoid of human weaknesses - if you please her, she will open the kadents of her ancient wisdom to the brave hero: she will give the right blade of grass, then she will tell you what and where in the forest you can get. Baba is a yaga, a spirit of the forest, a Russian dashing, a fabulous creature that terrifies ordinary mortals with its really scary appearance and lifestyle - an independent magical force that must be reckoned with not because she can fly, but because she simply exists in those magical Russian forests, where sometimes only heroes and fools are brought.

However, some witches also liked to fly on a black goat. It was fun to sit on it with your back forward and hold on to the goat's tail. Many people in fairy tales showed the wonders of flight art on magical
horses. The famous Ivan the Fool was racing on a hot mare. Following the example of the witches, he also sat on a horse backwards. Rolled across the sky to make thunder and lightning the prophet Elijah. He had a rumbling chariot. When a new plane was accepted into the tsarist army, a prayer service to Elijah the Prophet was served. Many other famous and glorious heroes also flew on horses: the Greek Bellerophon was worn on the winged horse Pegasus. A son The Sun Phaethon, having climbed onto his father's chariot, went to shine for people, but he got confused and shattered to smithereens.

III . Flying heroes of children's literary tales and stories

After dragons, all sorts of extravaganzas and witches, the ability to fly for heroes and antiheroes migrated to a more harmless and safe form of children's literary tales. In children's fairy tales of the West, flights often occur: Little Muk (V. Gauf) has shoes that carry him wherever he wants, the Snow Queen (G.H. Andersen) rolls the sick Kai across the sky in her cold sleigh ...

However, there are not so many characters for whom flying is as natural as it is for us to walk. However, several such magical heroes can be remembered without specially rereading the book of fairy tales. Peter Pan by James Barry is one of the most famous fairy-tale "flyers". This is one of the few characters that flies by itself, without additional magical attributes, and it is as natural for him as breathing air. The boy Peter, visiting the houses of city dwellers, in one of the rooms loses his shadow, without which he needs to fly away
as it is impossible. This accident allows a whole group of children to fly over the city and the fabulous lands. To make this possible, you just need to shake gently (and, by the way, as long as you have enough patience) the magic fairy, whose sparkling pollen, barely touching the body, is able to lift into the air. wow anyone. And in order to calmly and freely soar on a summer night over a sleeping city, apart from a grain of miracle, only a little confidence and desire are needed. Break away from everyday life and, trusting the will of chance and a beautiful hero, fly away to the country of their m
dreams and be free so much that the forces of gravity cease to be of any significant importance. The character of S. Lagerlöf's story about the incredible adventures of Niels and the goose flock also had to fly throughout almost the entire fairy tale. And although there was also witchcraft that made him a boy with a finger, it was still much more anxious for him to fly, clinging to the feathers on the neck of a domestic goose that was not used to flying and fearing to break off from the wind or too sharp a turn. Here, the ability to move through the air is an annoying and very exciting necessity on the way to saving the boy from the spell of the irritated dwarf magician. Another thing is the goose Martin, who did not know either the sweet sensation of a long flight, or lands beyond the poultry yard. For him, just the opportunity to join a flock of wild geese is the only way to free himself from the routine life of a village bird and the fate of a hot dinner with baked apples and praise to the hostess about her culinary talents. The transformation of the inexperienced and slightly naive Martin into the hero of the wild goose flock is a miracle, probably more important than the ability to fly. That is why the author, in the end, leaves a free sky for the birds, and for a person - the opportunity to emerge victorious from any incredible situations.

O However, the most charming flying inhabitant of European fairy tales remains cheerful, Carlson, who, with the light hand of Astrid Lindgren, lives on the roof and, thanks to talented Russian animators, has become a favorite hero of all children from 4 to 80 years old. With a small and lightweight propeller behind him, he is free to roam from floor to floor, peering into the windows from the street, playing pranks here and there, sowing a slight mess behind the back of grumpy nannies and housewives. Gaiety, the ability to give joy to others and turn everything into a good joke are completely human properties, but meeting them in life can be as difficult as a soaring passer-by. Carlson's ability to fly is just a consequence of his light, but by no means frivolous nature. And it doesn’t matter if the motor suddenly starts running out - a jar of raspberry jam, and everything will be fine again. Baron Munchausen (E. Raspe) was a good amateur pilot, according to his own words. He was a master at all sorts of inventions. Once he made a daring flight on ducks, strung with a garland on a string. In another case, he managed to break the speed record by flying on a cannonball.

IV ... conclusions

Having researched this topic, having analyzed works of art, I came to the following conclusions. Fairy-tale and literary heroes rise into the air thanks to the amazing imagination of man, thanks to his eternal desire to overcome gravity, rise above everyday life and feel real freedom in order to feel the volume and infinity of the world. That is why they do not need special, smart devices. They fly with the simplest things found in the house. These are: a broom with which they sweep the floor or yard, a stupa in which they pushed grain to obtain flour, a carpet that decorates a dwelling, boots that were previously worn by the richest townspeople, a cart (aka a chariot) in which they carried their belongings, a sled, on which children still ride in the winter from the mountain, an umbrella that is used to protect from the rain, a propeller that looks like a fan for cooling the air, a balloon that is given as a birthday present. That is why the most real domestic and wild animals and birds fly: a horse, a mare, a hunchback foal, a goat, a deer, a wolf, geese-swans, ducks. And some fly without even leaving the house, like the girl Ellie, and the loving boy Vakula manages to ride the devil himself. And, finally, "the most-most" did not find anything more suitable at hand than an ordinary cannonball. They do not need any preparation, and they are ready to move in space and time and fly as long as a person is able to dream of flying, until one day a person flaps his arms-wings and flies ...

Annex 1

Flying device

Koschei the Deathless - the main negative character of Russian fairy tales, whose death is at the end of a needle, which is in an egg, and an egg is in a pike, a pike in a duck, a duck in a falcon, a falcon in a chest, a chest under the roots of an oak on Buyan Island. It is with him that good fellows have to fight before finding their "frog princess"

L flies by itself with the help of wings through the tales of all the peoples of the world

Fire-breathing dragon (one or many-headed) - the main negative character of many legends of the peoples of Europe

Wings

Baba Yaga lives in most Russian folk tales. He always only threatens to commit villainy, and most often helps good fellows to find Elena the Beautiful or Vasilisa the Wise

Broom, stupa

AND
van tsarevich, he is Ivan the Fool, the hero of Russian folk tales. Most often, the main slacker, on whom happiness falls "by the pike's command"

WITH gray wolf, Humpbacked Horse, flying carpet

Witches live in the oral folklore of the peoples of Europe, in Shakespeare's tragedy "Macbeth", in modern children's horror films, and in fantasy, in Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita" teacher-mentor)

M etla

"Daedalus and Icarus" (from the myths of Ancient Greece)

WITH homemade wings.

"Little Muck"

B ashmaks

"The Snow Queen"

L
flying sleigh

"Peter Pan"

WITH
I'm on my own, without additional attributes, sprinkled with the pollen of the Tinker Bell fairy

Niels's Wonderful Journey with Wild Geese

D wild geese

"Mary Poppins"

Umbrella laughing gas

“Three stories about the Little Boy and

NS ropeller

"Winnie the Pooh and everything, everything, everything"

IN balloon

"Dunno in the Solar City", "Dunno on the Moon"

IN balloon

«
The Adventures of Baron Munchausen "

Have cloth, core

Research results

1) I have read and analyzed Russian folk tales, fairy tales and legends of the peoples of the world, and fictional works of famous children's writers, in which fairy-tale and literary heroes fly by themselves or with the help of a "flying" device.

2) Compiled an illustrated catalog of flying heroes and their means of transportation and tried to determine the prototype of what kind of modern aircraft this "flying" device could be.

3) Prepared a Power Point presentation and defended it at the classroom hour as part of a school-wide decade of research work.

4) Prepared a text illustrated booklet that can be used as a visual aid and as a kind of encyclopedia of flying heroes.

5) Drew up a plan and schedule for conducting conversations on the topic of research in primary school. I held them in December 2014 in the 1st and 2nd grades of my school.

Fairy tales from all over the world are distinguished by dreams of wonderful, extraordinary objects. They were probably the first science fiction stories in the world. True, not scientific. But they illustrated the person's dream of things that would help the hero in a difficult situation.
Remember the apple on the silver platter? Isn't it a TV? And what about a talking mirror that shows and tells "the whole truth"? It works online. You will look into it and find out what is happening at the moment in the neighboring kingdoms. Everyone has this today, doesn't it?)). It says - you have everything, oh, kay, you are sweeter than everyone, more beautiful than everyone in the world. Then suddenly, boo, and it turns out - the mirror was breaking - everything is bad, there is more beautiful in the world and not everything you have oh, kay))).

But these are gadgets, overseas inventions, and in Russia there are others, taking into account our realities, we have open spaces, so, probably, our ancestors dreamed of high-speed transport). And they came up with it - wow, how many options!

Emelya's coolest transport is a self-propelled oven. This idea was realized: a train is on its way, you are lying on the bed, you are being served tea).

Illustration by Gennady Spirin

Here are the self-propelled robotic water buckets. They had artificial intelligence.

Emelya actually competes for the laurels of the best inventor with Ivanushk the fool and Ivan Tsarevich. But Ivans mainly mastered animals. Ivan Tsarevich adapted the wolf - but there was nothing to eat the Tsarevich's horse ...

and Ivanushka is a fool - the Humpbacked horse. The hunchback was a talking lop-eared horse - an advisor, assistant and tireless transport.

But this is not all, on which the heroes moved in Russia. There were also boots - runners.

Your Nikes are bullshit compared to these boots - they are “seven-league”! The main thing here is not to miss your destination. Yeah, our ancestors knew what to program for the future - we have not yet invented such shoes. However, some attempts have already been made:

Soon we will grow up to the boots-runners.

Some models of flying ships

Lemkul Flying Ship

Improved model. It has fenders and a parking anchor.

To this all, the ancestors came up with a universal navigator - a tangle. He orients himself better than a compass in the cardinal points and never strays from a given route. You can get it by passing some tests from a character wise with life experience (like Baba Yaga).

And Baba was still that driver, this hag had an unusual transport in the garage - a stupa.

Illustration by Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin

To drive this car, you need to become a witch, but always old - the age limit is quite strict. Only Baba Yaga, a very dense witch, has the right to drive a stupa. If you are younger, then a broom is at your service. Or you can ride a hog.

And the harmful granny also has a hut on chicken legs, also wow transport - a prototype of the current trailer - and you have a kitchenette inside, and a hot stove, and a cat sits on it - live and move)). These were the clever storytellers.