Business project examples ready for students presentation. A ready-made business plan with calculations using the example of a web studio

Business plan: sample and purpose of the document + reasons for drawing up + 5 stages of creation + writing features for investors and for personal purposes + structure + 15 tips + 7 illustrative examples.

Any actions must be planned and displayed on paper. This is especially true for entrepreneurship. No business planning, i.e. detailed optimization of resources and determination of further tasks, even an experienced entrepreneur will not be able to achieve their goals.

Therefore, it is so important to have at hand sample business plan and compose it correctly. This material will help you with this.

Why and who needs a business plan?

There are several definitions of a business plan on the Internet.

The most common ones are:

Those. a business plan is a document that describes in detail and ways to implement it. Thanks to it, you can fully justify your project, evaluate the effectiveness of decisions made from all sides, understand the feasibility of financing for a particular activity.

The business plan shows:

• business development prospects;
• sales market volumes, potential consumers;
• profitability of the project;
• forthcoming expenses for the production and sale of products, the supply of its market, etc.

A business development plan is a tool that evaluates the final results of activities for a specific period of time. It can be used to attract investors and is necessary in creating a business concept, a company's strategy.

Drawing up a business plan is one of the important, crucial stages of planning. It is being developed both for those enterprises that produce goods and for those whose specialization is the provision of services.

Before writing a business plan, specialists or the owner of the company determine the tasks, the means for their implementation. The developed document can attract lenders to implement ideas. For this reason, it is impossible to exaggerate its importance.

Business development plan purpose:

• analysis of aspects of entrepreneurship;
• competent management of finances, operations;
• justification of the need to obtain investments (bank loans, equity participation of companies in the implementation of the project, budget allocations, etc.);
• taking into account the financial capabilities and threats (risks) of the enterprise;
• selection of the optimal direction of development.

Entrepreneurs write business plans for the following reasons:

Features of drawing up a plan for personal purposes and creditors

It is important to see the difference between a business plan, which is written for internal use, and a document, so to speak "ceremonial", to be transferred to creditors.

1. Create a plan for personal purposes.

If you intend to use the sample business plan and write it for yourself, please note, it will take the form of a practical guide to further actions.

In this case, the business development plan should answer the following questions:

1. What kind of activity do you (will you do)?
2. What product / service does your company offer to the market?
3. Who are the consumers, clients?
4. What goals should you achieve?
5. What means are needed to achieve the goals?
6. Who is responsible for completing certain tasks?
7. How long does it take to get it done?
8. What investments will be required?
9. What results should the actions lead to?

You need to understand that when drawing up a working document, you need to reflect the real state of affairs in order to know in which direction to move, what to take, what to strive for.

2. Document for investors.

When developing a business plan for the purpose of providing lenders / investors, the methodology is different. The person or organization that will finance your venture should receive a document detailing the situation and the main objectives.

It is your responsibility to convince investors that their money will be used rationally, to identify benefits for them. A business plan must be drawn up logically, every action must be justified.

If you are in doubt in any area, study it more carefully, because according to the program you have outlined, lenders will most likely have "uncomfortable" questions. And how you answer them, the amount of the initial investment for opening / developing your own business will depend.

Confidence in the presentation is also of particular importance. It is good if you can display statistics in the business plan, referring to the example of another company. This will increase your chances of getting your investment.

When writing a business plan, it is worth sticking to the business style and following the structure.

Sample business plan: structure

Regardless of the purpose for which you are drawing up a plan, work with it takes place in 5 stages:

As a business creator, you will have no problem making the first two points. But what should be a competent structure of a business plan?

Let's take a look at the main sections, what information they contain and how to compose them correctly.

# 1. Title page.

He acts as such a visiting card for himself. It indicates: the name of your company, contact information, address information, phone numbers of the founders.

In addition, the title should contain the content of the entire document (chapter - page number). When composing a title, be short, and present information concisely.

The total volume of the business plan is about 30-35 pages, taking into account the attachments.

* Business plan (sample title page)

No. 2. An introductory part of a sample business development plan.

It takes approximately 2 A4 sheets. The introduction describes the main aspects of your business, its essence, what advantages it has.

It is necessary to write what is attractive to buyers for the product / service, what is the size of the expected profit. If you intend to raise funds for a business, the introductory part indicates the amount of capital that you need.

Usually the introduction is devoted to the following points of the plan:

The introductory part is made up last, because it describes the general picture of the company's activities.
You can fully depict it only after studying all the nuances of the case.

You can study a sample of this and other parts of the plan at the end of this material - there are collected examples of this document for the main areas of business.

No. 3. The main body of the business plan.

The main section concerns the type of activity and all its key points, the cost of the project.

It consists of subsections:

• production;
• financial;
• marketing;
• organizational;
• business efficiency calculation;
• risks.

We'll look at them separately.

In the end follows final part... In it, you need to take stock of the work done, give a clear definition of the tasks.

Subsections of the main part of business plans

# 1. Development of the production subsection of the business plan.

The main section of the document is the most capacious. Its subsections represent each aspect of your case.

For example, industrial shows what equipment will be used, what premises you have, how much money will be needed to purchase and launch a business.

Also, this plan is intended so that you can calculate the production capacity, determine the likely prospects for growth in production volumes.

In addition, it contains information on the full provision of raw materials, components, highlights the need for labor, time and fixed costs of the business.

To ensure that the production subsection of the plan has a clear structure and contains all the necessary information, indicate:

• how well the production process is established, are there innovative solutions;
• methods of supplying resources, the degree of development of the transport system;
• a complete description of the technologies, why they were chosen;
• whether it is necessary to buy / rent premises for doing business;
• the composition of the required personnel and all data about it, labor costs;
• possible maximum volume of products;
• information about suppliers, business subcontractors;
• the cost of each product;
• an estimate with a mention of running costs, etc.

No. 2. Development of the financial subsection of the plan.

Financial plan summarizes all the stated data by economic indicators for business, i.e. in a cost option.

This includes business reports:

• Balance sheet (confirming the company's ability to timely settle its monetary obligations).

Financial results, profit and loss.

It highlights the sources of profit, how losses appeared, estimates changes in business income / expenses that occurred in the reporting period, etc.

About the movement of money.

This report allows you to see operating results, long-term creditworthiness, short-term liquidity.

The financial subsection of a business plan is also characterized by the presence of:

• charts of future financial activities,
• descriptions of probable investments.

Think carefully about the investment opportunity, whether it will be profitable, about the target investment direction. Write how you will return the funds attracted to the business.

Try to include the following in the financial part of your business plan:

No. 3. Development of a marketing subsection of a business plan.

The marketing subsection concerns the analysis of the sales market for the products manufactured by your company. You must indicate in the plan the size, dynamics and trends of the market, its segments, conjuncture.

In addition, the subsection informs about who are the consumers of the business products, what strategy will be used to promote the product.

It calculates consumption volumes, the estimated market share, describes the levers used to influence demand (advertising campaign, pricing, product improvement, etc.), and the competitiveness of the business.

It is necessary to evaluate your product from the point of view of the consumer, what makes it attractive, what is its consumer value, is it safe to use, and the service life.

When making your marketing plan, rely on the following points:

To draw up a marketing plan, information is taken from the external environment, appropriate research and surveys are carried out, professional marketers are involved in order to study the market situation.

No. 4. Development of an organizational subsection of the plan.

In terms of doing business, organizational issues are considered equally important. Therefore, in this subsection, you must describe all the steps that will be taken to implement the project.

For example, as shown in the sample in the picture:

It is better to present the information in the plan in a tabular form so that the sequence of your actions is clearly visible. It would not hurt to mention the normative and legislative acts that govern the chosen field of activity.

In organizational terms, it is worth describing the management side, the responsibilities of all employees, the system of subordination and reward (remuneration), and describe the company's internal regime.

Remember to follow the structure in the sample:

No. 5. How to draw up a calculation of efficiency and probable risks?

In the penultimate sections, you need to give an objective assessment of the company's performance, show the expected prospects based on the estimate, balance sheet, profitability threshold, and projected sales.

The developer of the business plan must write the payback period, NPV (net present value).

The best option would be to arrange this in a table, as in the example below:

Business risks should also be considered. Be sure to indicate in the plan what measures you will take, if any, to minimize, which self-insurance program to resort to.

Experienced business planners pay particular attention to risks, and consider the likelihood of the worst possible outcome. By taking notes on how to fix the perceived difficulties, you will make your future work easier. If losses and financial losses arise, you will already know how to compensate them.

When this section of the business plan causes difficulties, they turn to experts for help.

Business SWOT analysis is often used for this purpose:

This is a method for identifying external / internal factors that influence business development.

Thanks to him, you will be able to evaluate:

• their weaknesses (suppose the need to rent a building, unrecognizable brand),
• advantages (low price, high service, professional staff),
• designate opportunities (these include the availability of funds for the introduction of innovations, the use of modern equipment, coverage of a larger market segment, etc.).

And, ultimately, threats are considered that you cannot reverse, for example:

• economic crisis,
• deterioration of the demographic situation,
• increase in customs duties,
• growing political tension,
• fierce competition, etc.

If you provide a clear and reasonable algorithm for solving risks in the document, it is guaranteed that you can attract partners and creditors for your business.

15 tips for beginners to write a competent business plan

very painstaking and complex. In the process of compiling it, many questions will arise. For this reason, most beginners make mistakes.

To avoid them and make your business plan worthwhile, follow these guidelines:

Before you start writing, it is better to look at more than one sample of drawing up a business plan.

It is easy to find illustrative examples on the Internet, and they may even relate to your line of business.

There is no need to "pour water", thinking that the document is supposed to be voluminous.

A business plan should contain only important, realistic information that is of interest to investors and is useful to you in doing business (as in the examples below).

1. Errors, corrections, misprints are strictly not allowed.
2. The business plan should reflect the ability of your enterprise to reach a higher level and the strengths of the management team.
3. When developing a business plan, one should not underestimate the competition and possible difficulties.
4. If the information you want to display is confidential, you must skip it.

Do not whip up the document.

Such a plan will not have the desired impression on lenders. If you compose it for yourself, all the same, it should not be in the form of a draft version.

Use more tables, graphs (as in the samples below).

Providing statistics in this way makes the material more descriptive.

Market analysis is often inaccurate.

Therefore, approach the marketing section responsibly, collect all the necessary data.

Be sure to provide competitive and distinctive characteristics in your business plan.

Throw out too abstruse expressions from the business plan, as well as those that are understood ambiguously and demonstrate your insolvency.

For example, “a product that has no analogues”, “at the stage of consideration”, “ease of sale”, etc.

Consider absolutely all business expenses.

Lenders consider this column to be particularly important. Therefore, they may have a lot of questions for you on such items as salary to personnel, taxes, purchase of raw materials, etc.

Don't ignore risk considerations.

As mentioned, this will protect you from the challenges you face in achieving your goals, and will also allow investors to see you as a serious, responsible entrepreneur.

5. Focus on the business plan not on the first profit, big earnings, but on a stable cash flow.

Remember to include time limits.

Any task has a deadline (quarter, year, several years).

If you are not sure that you can master a business plan on your own, even using the examples below, do not spare the money for a specialist.

He understands this issue more than you do, so he will draw up a document accurately, without technical, methodological and conceptual oversights that you can make without proper experience.

A detailed diagram of a high-quality business plan with explanations

you will find in this video:

Ready-made business plans (samples) for different areas of activity

The pharmaceutical business does not lose its relevance, because the need for medicines does not disappear. Moreover, most of the family budget is usually spent on medicines.

Because of this, opening a pharmacy is a very profitable business.

Therefore, it makes sense to take a closer look at the example of such a business plan in this sample:.

If you are looking to pursue a different field, consider opening a cafe.

There are quite a lot of such establishments and the competition is great. However, the demand for them is growing. If you take into account all the points of arrangement, you will offer healthy food, you will surely be successful.

To get the document right, check out the sample cafe business plan!

The male half of the population may be interested in the idea of ​​organizing a car service.

The owner of the service station will not be left without income if the activities for the repair and maintenance of vehicles are detailed with all the ensuing factors in the business plan.

It will be more pleasant for women to open a beauty salon.

We assure you, regardless of the number of existing establishments for the provision of cosmetic services, your "enterprise" in the beauty industry will be in demand. This is due to the fact that every client wants the salon to be close by, and does not have to get to another quarter.

Representatives of the beautiful half of humanity can delve into trading activities and create a flower shop. The main advantage of the idea is the small start-up capital.

This small business also requires planning. And although flower shops are not very popular in Russia, who knows, maybe you can change that.

To do this, you need to draw up a well-thought-out business plan (a sample of which you can: study at this link).

The hospitality business is a much more complex option, which involves taking into account many factors, especially marketing ones.

If you do not know what size of premises you need, what investments are needed, get the information you are interested in in a typical sample:
business plan for the hotel.

The process of implementing a farm project is no less laborious. But in this case, you will be able to receive financial support and benefits from the state.

A good example of a plan that can attract public investors, clearly demonstrates the goals,.

The realization of any idea begins with drawing up a business plan. Without it, it is impossible to determine the necessary tasks, to understand the feasibility of investments and costs. Many businessmen ignore this fact in vain and do not use this useful tool.

If you did not have experience in writing, any sample business plan given here will help you to understand all the standards for drawing up, due to which you can easily set yourself a guideline for further actions.

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A successful business is impossible without a good business plan. Every successful entrepreneur owes his success to a well-planned action plan.

A detailed business plan with calculations will help you avoid mistakes and quickly arrive at the desired result. In this article, we will look at why such an action plan is needed.

What is it and why is it needed

A business plan is a complete description of your future business. By following the plan, you must succeed and make the highest possible profit.

The business plan contains the following data:

• how much money will be required to launch the project;
• what are the main expenses and income;
• payback of the project and how interesting it may be for investors.

If you plan to attract additional investments in your project, then without a detailed concept with calculations that show how profitable the project can be, no investor will dare to entrust you with their funds.

Moreover, a detailed business plan may be of interest to your future employees as well. Before getting a job, every self-respecting specialist will inquire about the goals and prospects of the company's development.

Of course, the most benefit comes from the business concept for you, the entrepreneur. After all, it is you who need to analyze everything, evaluate your strengths, get acquainted with what you expect from your project.

Business plan structure

In order not to burn out, a business plan should be as complete as possible and reflect all the significant aspects of doing business.

Consider what it consists of:

• a short description of the idea or a summary... This section prescribes a general idea of ​​the project, goals, conclusions;

• detailed project description... Here you should describe what you will receive income from. Characteristics of the product, which makes it unique, differences from competitors, etc.;

• marketing analysis... This section allows you to assess the market, suggest sales volumes, assess direct and indirect competitors;

• sales plan... Includes a description of possible advertising campaigns, costs of their implementation, marketing strategy. It is also permissible to include in it the pricing method, as well as the distribution of goods;

• production plan... This aspect is considered only when the entrepreneur decides to link his business with production. The production process is difficult to describe, since it also includes a description of the purchase of raw materials, the search for suppliers, production costs;

• organizational plan... It is here that calculations are found on how many employees the organization needs, positions, organizational structure of work, a description of the interaction of officials;

• financial plan... The most interesting and useful section. So, it contains all the basic information about the financial component of the future business. Expected income and expenses, project financing schedule, indicators of how effective the project will be, break-even point. It is this section that interests you and investors in the first place;

• risks... Project risks can be completely different, ranging from competitors to unscrupulous suppliers. In this section, all possible risks and ways to minimize them are prescribed.

As you can see, a ready-made business plan with calculations is a rather complex document that requires a professional and comprehensive approach. You can of course try to compose it yourself. However, just imagine that this will be the first business plan in your life that cannot be 100% accurate and correct.

Most entrepreneurs today take the easier path, which, however, always ends in success. When creating your own business, you can use a ready-made product that will not only be of high quality and most useful, but also carry the correct calculations.

Functions

A ready-made business concept provides an entrepreneur with a foundation for running a business. It was not compiled by him, that is, it does not bear a subjective connotation. An already ready-made business plan in a certain direction can be taken as a basis by an entrepreneur for its further refinement.

A ready-made business plan with calculations can be used for any type of business, be it manufacturing, agriculture or catering. A ready-made business plan, drawn up by specialists, performs several important functions in an organization, the main of which, of course, is a strategic function.

Only a specialist who knows all the trends and directions of the market is able to draw up a strategy for the organization. Determining the course and direction of your actions is the basis for the success of any business.

In addition to the strategic one, the business concept performs the following functions:

• planning activities... Associated with a strategic function, but aimed more at assessing the development of the organization. Management of business processes within the company, as well as the gradual opening of new directions is also included in this function;

• investment... The role of investment in the life of any self-respecting company cannot be denied. In order to get success and reach the maximum profit at the initial stage, investment is required. To attract investors or loans from a bank is up to the entrepreneur. However, in any case, when attracting a source of funding, you will need a ready-made business plan.

So, a business plan with calculations provides a full view of the organization, including an analysis of its activities, its position in the market, advantages over competitors. Moreover, it determines the marketing strategy of the company as well as the organizational structure.

Benefits of using a ready-made solution

For a newbie in running a business, a business development plan is something that will help you stay on track and burn out. The plan is filled not only with advice, but also with ideas, as well as ways to implement them.

A ready-made business plan will also be appreciated by advanced entrepreneurs who know that the optimal solution in any issue is to transfer the management of the issue into the hands of a specialist, and not undertake its implementation yourself.

For a beginner, a ready-made solution contains a maximum of useful information, including recommendations for choosing a form of ownership and a tax system.

Typically, out-of-the-box unified business plans contain guidelines that will work for almost any company. Moreover, it includes calculations, including a financial forecast.

In addition, the ready-made business plan contains information on the costs associated with taxation and deductions to extra-budgetary funds, as well as tips on how to optimize the process of deducting taxes and fees in the company.

The wider the business plan covers the activities of the organization, the better. After all, it depends on the details of the presentation how much it will contribute to the efficiency and profitability of the entrepreneur's activities.

In no case should you save on purchasing a ready-made solution, because buying a ready-made business plan with calculations for a small business is an investment in your future successful project.

A properly prepared business plan is the main assistant to an entrepreneur, which a successful businessman definitely cannot do without. Opportunities, problems, ways to solve them, financial indicators - all this contains a business plan, which is drawn up by specialists in their field, will lead an entrepreneur to success.

Hello, dear readers of the online magazine about money "RichPro.ru"! This article will focus on how how to draw up a business plan... This publication is a straightforward action guide that will turn a raw business idea into a confident step-by-step plan for achieving a clear goal.

We'll consider:

• What is a business plan and what is it for;
• How to draw up a business plan correctly;
• How to structure it and write it yourself;
• Ready-made business plans for small businesses - examples and samples with calculations.

At the end of the topic, we will show the main mistakes of aspiring entrepreneurs. There will be a lot of arguments in favor of creating quality and thoughtful a business plan that will bring the realization of your idea and success affairs in the future.

Also, this article will provide examples of ready-made works that you can simply use, or you can take as a basis for developing your project. Ready examples of the submitted business plans can be free download.

In addition, we will answer the most frequently asked questions and clarify why not everyone writes a business plan, if it is so necessary.

So let's start in order!

The structure of a business plan and the content of its main sections - a step-by-step guide to its preparation

7. Conclusion + related video 🎥

For every entrepreneur who wants to develop himself and develop his business, a business plan is very important. It performs many important functions that no other person can do otherwise.

With its help, you can enlist financial support and open, develop your business much earlier than you can collect a significant amount for the business.

The majority of investors react positively to a good, well-thought-out business plan written without mistakes, as they see this as a way of making money quietly with all the invented and described troubles.

In addition, even before the opening of the establishment, you can see what awaits you. What risks are possible, what solution algorithms will be relevant in a given situation. This is not only favorable information for the investor, but also the necessary plan if you get into trouble on your own. In the end, if the calculation of risks turns out to be too daunting, you can redo a little, transform the general idea to reduce them.

Creating a good business plan - this is an excellent solution for finding investment and developing your own algorithms for action even in the most difficult situations, which are more than enough in business.

That is why, in addition to their own efforts it is worth using "other people's brains"... A business plan implies many sections and calculations, research and knowledge, only with successful operation, with which you can achieve success.

The ideal would be to study all aspects on your own. For this, it is not enough to sit and read the relevant literature. It is worth changing the social circle, referring to courses and trainings, finding specialists for advice on certain issues... This is the only way really figure it out in the situation and dispel all your doubts and delusions.

A business plan is worth writing for many reasons, however home Is a clear algorithm of actions by which you can quickly get from point A(your current position, full of hopes and fears) to point B(in which you will already be the owner of your own successful business that consistently and regularly generates income). This is the first step towards realizing dreams and a confident middle class status.

If you still have questions, then perhaps you will find the answers to them in the video: "How to draw up a business plan (for yourself and investors)".

That's all for us. We wish you all good luck in your business! We will also be grateful for your comments on this article, share your opinions, ask questions on the topic of publication.

It is a document that highlights all the characteristics of a future organization, analyzes possible problems and risks, predicts them and methods by which to avoid them.

Simply put, a business plan for an investor is an answer to the question "Do I need to finance a project or send it to the trash bin?"

Important! A business plan is drawn up on paper, taking into account some rules and regulations. Such presentation of the project materializes your idea to some extent, shows your desire and willingness to work. Also, the design on paper makes it easier for the investor to perceive the idea.

Self-preparation of a business plan

It is not so difficult to draw up a business plan yourself, you just need to carefully consider the idea. Before you grab a calculator and calculate your income, you need to take a few steps.

1. Identify the "pros" and "cons" of the idea. If the number of "minuses" goes off scale - do not rush to give up. Some aspects can be turned in the opposite direction, think about ways to solve such "minuses".
2. Competitiveness and market stability are important characteristics.
3. The sales market needs to be thought out to the smallest detail.
4. The payback of the product (service) and the time to receive the first profit will allow you to determine (approximately) the required amount for investment.

If, after such a superficial analysis, you don't feel like giving up your brainchild, then it's time to take a blank slate and start creating a business plan.

It's important to know! There is no single structure and step-by-step instructions on how to calculate a business plan. Therefore, the presence and order of items included in the plan is determined independently. However, experts have established the most optimal variant of the plan structure. If there is no experience in drawing up such documents, you need to use these recommendations in order to correctly compose the work.

The structure and procedure for drawing up a business plan

The structure of a good business plan, according to economists, should include 12 points. Each of them is described below.

Title page

The following parameters are specified here:

• name of the project;
• the name of the organization where the project is planned to be implemented, indicating phone numbers, addresses and other contact details;
• the head of the above organization;
• developer (team or leader) of a business plan;
• date of preparation of the document;
• it is allowed to put on the first sheet of the most significant indicators of financial calculations for the project.

This document is required for copyright protection of the idea and business plan. This reflects the reader's awareness that he is not entitled to distribute the information contained in the document without the permission of the author. There may also be an indication of the prohibition of copying, duplicating a document, transferring to another person, a requirement to return the read business plan to the author if the investor does not accept the agreement.

An example of a confidentiality memorandum can be seen below.

The next 2 sections of the plan - "Brief summary" and "The main idea of ​​the project" - are introductory. They can be used as a preliminary offer (for review) to partners and investors, until negotiations are scheduled.

Brief summary

Although a short summary of such a document is at the beginning, it is written at the final stage, as a result. A resume is an abbreviated description of a project idea and a list of the most significant characteristics of the financial component.

The following questions will help here, answering which you can get a great resume:

1. What product does the company plan to sell?
2. Who would want to buy this product?
3. What is the planned sales (production) volume for the first year of the company's operation? What will be the revenue?
4. How much is the total cost of the project?
5. How will an enterprise be formed according to its organizational and legal form?
6. How many workers are planned to be attracted?
7. What is the required amount of capital investments for the project?
8. What are the sources of funding for this project?
9. How much is the total profit (profitability) for a specific period, the payback period, the amount of funds at the end of the first year of operation of the enterprise, profitability. Net present value.

It's important to know! The resume is read by the investor first. Therefore, the further fate of the project depends on this section: the investor will either become interested or bored. This part should not exceed 1 page.

The main idea of ​​the project

1. What is the main project goal?
2. What are the tasks of the enterprise to achieve the main goal?
3. Are there barriers to your goal and how to get around them?
4. What exact actions does the author propose to perform in order to achieve a result and achieve a goal as soon as possible? What are these terms?

Important! It is necessary to provide clear, real and explicit arguments that confirm confidence in the profitability and success of the project. The volume of this part is optimal within 1-2 pages.

In the same section, it is customary to use the conducted SWOT analysis. – assessment of strong, weak features of the enterprise, opportunities (prospects), as well as possible threats. It is unlikely that it will be possible to make a business plan correctly and most fully without such an analysis.

The SWOT analysis reflects 2 sides that affect the life of an organization: internal, which concerns the enterprise itself, and external (everything that is outside the company that it cannot change).

Do not forget: you describe the company, not the product! A common mistake of the authors is that they start to write the characteristics of the product in the “strength” column.

Here are the parameters you can use to describe strengths or weaknesses:

• high-tech production;
• service and after sales service;
• multifunctionality of the product (without affecting its specific properties);
• the level of qualifications and professionalism of employees;
• the level of technical equipment of the enterprise.

External factors ("opportunities" and "threats") include:

• market growth rates;
• the level of competition;
• the political situation in the region, country;
• features of legislation;
• features of the consumer's solvency.

Example

Characteristics of the industry on the market

• the dynamics of sales of similar products in the industry in recent years;
• the growth rate of the market sector;
• trends and features of pricing;
• an exhaustive assessment of competitors;
• search and indication of new and young enterprises in the industry, as well as the characteristics of their activities;
• description of the consumer market, their desires, intentions, requirements, opportunities;
• assessment of the possible impact of scientific, social, economic aspects;
• development prospects in the market.

The essence of the project

This section reveals the idea, the subject of the business plan. It also reflects the level of preparedness of the enterprise for going out, the availability of all the funds required for this.

The most important provisions in this section:

• primary goals;
• description of the target consumer segment;
• key performance factors for market success;
• detailed presentation of the product, the characteristics of which must be within the framework of the market segment defined above;
• product development stage (if production is launched), patent and copyright purity;
• characteristics of the organization;
• the total cost of the project, indicating the financing schedule by periods and investment amounts;
• the required expenses of the initial period for the marketing campaign and the formation of a well-coordinated organizational structure.

Marketing plan

The tasks, goals of marketing policy and methods of their solution and achievement are indicated here. It is important to indicate which task is intended for which personnel, in what time frame it is required to complete it and with the help of what tools. The funds needed for the latter must also be indicated.

Marketing plan Is a strategy, a set of sequential and / or simultaneous steps, created to attract consumers and provide effective return on their part.

The investor will be attentive to such points as:

• well-developed system of comprehensive research and market analysis;
• the planned volume of sales of goods (services) and its range, scheduled for time periods until the enterprise reaches full capacity;
• ways to improve products;
• description of product packaging and pricing policy;
• procurement and sales system;
• advertising strategy - clearly formulated and understandable;
• service planning;
• control over the implementation of the marketing strategy.

Production plan

Everything that relates directly to the creation of products is reflected in this part. Therefore, it is advisable to draw up this section only for those companies that plan not only distribution, but also production of products.

Points to be indicated:

• required production capacity;
• detailed interpretation of the technological process;
• detailed description of the operations entrusted to subcontractors;
• the necessary equipment, its characteristics, cost and method of purchase or lease;
• subcontractors;
• the required area for production;
• raw materials, resources.

It is important to indicate the cost of everything that requires costs.

Organizational plan

At this stage, the principles of organizational strategic management of the company are developed. If the enterprise already exists, then this paragraph is still required: here the correspondence of the existing structure to the intended goals is determined. The organizational part must certainly contain the following data:

• the name of the organizational and legal form (individual entrepreneur, JSC, partnership and others);
• organizational management system, reflecting the structure in the form of a diagram, regulations and instructions, communication and dependence of departments;
• founders, their description and data;
• management team;
• interaction with personnel;
• supplying the management system with the necessary material and technical resources;
• location of the company.

Financial plan

This chapter of the business plan gives a cumulative economic assessment of the written project, accompanied by calculations of the level of profitability, payback periods, financial stability of the enterprise.

The financial plan is very important for the investor, here he determines whether this project is attractive for him.

Here you need to make some calculations and summarize them:

Risk analysis

In a risk analysis, the author must investigate the project and identify potential threats that could lead to lower revenues. It is necessary to take into account financial, sectoral, natural, social and other risks. At the same time, it is necessary to develop a detailed and effective plan to prevent them or minimize the impact on the company. Therefore, the business plan must indicate:

• a list of all potential problems;
• a set of techniques and tools to prevent, eliminate or minimize risks;
• models of the company's behavior in the event of events that do not contribute to its development;
• justification of the low probability of occurrence of such problems.

Applications

This is the last link in the structure of the business plan. It includes documents, quotes, sources, copies of contracts, agreements, certificates, letters from consumers, partners, statistics data, calculation tables used in the preparation of this document. For applications in the text of the business plan, you need to insert references and footnotes.

General document requirements

• it is necessary to write a business plan in a clear, concise language, without long and complex wording;
• the desired volume is 20-25 pages;
• the business plan must cover all the information required by the investor in full;
• the document must be based on real facts, reasonable rational proposals;
• the plan must have a strategic foundation: rigorous, delineated and complete, with clear targets;
• interconnectedness, complexity and consistency are important features of drawing up a plan;
• the investor must see the future, the prospects for the development of the project idea;
• the flexibility of the business plan is a significant plus. If you can make adjustments, amendments to the written project are a nice bonus for the investor;
• the conditions and regimes of control over the functioning of the enterprise should become part of the business plan.

Making a business plan from scratch without the help of a specialist is not easy, but possible. It is important to adhere to the above rules, build structure and avoid mistakes.

The most common mistakes

• Illiterate syllable

The rules of the language cannot be ignored. It often happens that the most incredible and promising idea flies into the basket along with a bunch of plans for incompetent IP specialists. And this is because mistakes in spelling, vocabulary, punctuation and poor presentation of the text completely discourage any investor.

• Sloppy design

The design should be the same throughout the document: bullets, headings, lists, font, size, numbering, spacing, etc. Contents, headings, numbering, names of figures and tables, designation of data on columns are required!

• Incomplete plan

In order to correctly draw up a business plan, you need an exhaustive amount of information. The above sections of the document are the minimum that should be unconditionally included in the project.

• Vague plan

The work should be "like in a pharmacy on the scales." Clear, definite, specific statements of goals and (important!) Ideas.

• Too many details

The abundance of technical, financial, marketing terms will only help in exams. Only the most significant details need to be selected for the business plan. If there is a great need for a thorough description of a process, then you can put it into an application.

• Unrealistic data

Such business proposals are based on assumptions. Therefore, the author needs to rationally approach the idea and have a well-grounded background, a real reason, supported by calculations.

• Few facts

For each assumption - its own rationale - real, valid. Facts lend meaning and confidence to work. A fountain of facts is also not worth arranging, and if you are carried away, then we look at the rule about details.

• "We have no risks!"

The main rule: there is no business without risk. There is no such business in which "quiet and smooth". The investor knows this, and the author must know it too. Therefore, it is time to descend from the clouds to the earth and study, research, analyze.

• "And we have no competitors either!"

There is always a competitor, like a risk. It can be direct or indirect. Study this topic carefully and meticulously, and an opponent will surely appear on the horizon, waving a pen at you.

• Neglecting outside help

Creating a business plan yourself does not mean doing absolutely everything yourself. Moreover, obtaining a high-quality result is possible through the joint efforts of several specialists. Do not be afraid of helpers!

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